Hot flashes at 45. Symptoms of premenopause and treatment of ailments during this period. Early onset of menopause. Causes and consequences

At 45, a woman cannot be called even an elderly woman, much less old. But the reproductive function of the body begins to fade away. There are various signs by which you can understand that menopause begins. The emergence of new health problems is associated with this condition. And if a woman after 45 years does not pay attention to this, visit doctors on time if signs of age-related diseases appear, the development of serious pathologies is possible. Strengthening the immune system, physical activity, memory training will help to delay aging, maintain vigor and attractiveness.

Content:

Features of the onset of menopause

At what age a woman will have menopause depends on the physiological and genetic characteristics of her body. The process can be accelerated by the consequences of the diseases she has suffered, especially those associated with endocrine disorders, pathological processes in the uterus and ovaries, as well as taking certain medications, smoking. Menopause occurs earlier if a woman has to endure severe psychological tests, physical overload, live in conditions of prolonged stress.

After 45, menopause is considered normal. It happens that menopause occurs in 40-44-year-olds, and this is due to heredity. For the same reason, he may be 55 years old. But quite often such deviations are provoked by any health problems or unfavorable living conditions.

If the menopause has come before the age of 45, then it is called early. Most often, climacteric signs appear at the age of 48-52. If menstruation disappears at 55-60 years old, then menopause is considered late.

Note: Disorders that cause the appearance of early or late menopause can accelerate the deterioration of general health, the occurrence of hormone-dependent tumors.

The completion of the reproductive function is due to the fact that the ovaries are depleted of the supply of eggs. This gradually leads to the disappearance of menstruation, a decrease in the production of female sex hormones. These substances regulate all vital processes in the body. A decrease in estrogen levels affects the functioning of the nervous, genitourinary, cardiovascular and other systems.

Video: The main signs of menopause, how they develop

Signs and symptoms of menopause

At 46-50 years old, women, as a rule, are still in their prime, do not think about the onset of old age. For many, even having children at this age is not surprising.

The first signs of the arrival of menopause include:

• hot flashes - recurrent sensations of heat in the upper body, increased sweating, which are suddenly replaced by chills;
• a sharp change in mood from euphoria to gloom and aggressiveness;
• unreasonable headaches;
• dizziness associated with vascular changes and impaired blood supply to the brain;
• neurotic pain in the heart;
• menstrual disorders;
• weakening of libido.

The appearance of menopause symptoms in many women at the age of 46-49 causes bewilderment and even panic. Not everyone perceives menopause at this age as something natural. Quite often women who have achieved success in their careers, who feel young and full of energy, treat such changes as tragedy.

Violation of the cycle and the nature of menstruation and even their absence (amenorrhea) are not at this age an absolute indicator of the onset of premenopause. Such symptoms also occur with serious diseases of the uterus and appendages. A woman has anxious doubts about the cause of such ailments.

How to make sure that menopause has come

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone). This substance is produced by the pituitary gland and regulates the production of estrogen in the ovaries. In the reproductive period, its level constantly changes during the cycle: it rises in the initial phase, reaches a maximum during ovulation, and then drops to a minimum before the start of the next menstruation. With the onset of menopause, the level of this hormone remains constantly high.

Estradiol. With menopause, the level of the hormone is much lower than normal, since the number of maturing follicles in which it is produced decreases.

LH (luteinizing hormone). It is produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary in phase 2 of the cycle. During menopause, the content of this substance in the blood is much higher than normal.

After passing the tests, the woman will be able to make sure that the deviations that arise in her are natural. If they are very disturbing, then the condition can be alleviated, and often even postpone the appearance of ailments.

Knowing the cause of the ailments will allow a woman to prevent many serious complications of the climacteric period, to strengthen measures for the prevention of various diseases, to pay special attention to the appearance of unusual discharge, pain in the abdomen and lower back, and urinary disorders. A test is sold in pharmacies, with the help of which you can make sure at home that menopause has come (for example, "Frautest" for menopause). Periodic testing of urine over several weeks is done for FSH. If the FSH level remains consistently high, this is a confirmation of the onset of menopause.

Features of manifestation

At the age of 50-55, symptoms such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, arrhythmia, disorders of the urinary system, and vaginal dryness play a predominant role in a woman. At an earlier age, the main climacteric symptoms are nervous breakdowns (irritability, frequent mood swings, depression), as well as menstrual disorders.

Menses come irregularly, there are delays of increasing duration. After heavy periods lasting 7-8 days, the next period may be scanty and lasting 1-3 days. A sign of the onset of menopause may be the inability to become pregnant due to the fact that due to the hormonal shift, the cycles become anovulatory.

Additional signs of the onset of menopause after 45 years are:

1. Decreased immunity, the occurrence of frequent colds in a woman.
2. Increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections. Exacerbation of cystitis, manifestations of thrush.
3. Dry skin, deterioration of teeth, nails, hair loss. The appearance of these symptoms is explained by a slowdown in metabolism and impaired absorption of useful elements from food.
4. Deterioration of the condition of the mucous membranes. Because of this, there is increased dry mouth, indigestion. One of the most characteristic symptoms of menopause is a lack of vaginal mucus, which often causes sexual dysfunctions, as well as infectious diseases of the uterus and appendages.
5. Increased fatigue, insomnia, feeling of numbness in fingers and toes.

Video: How to Slow Down and Ease Menopause Symptoms

Diagnosis of pathologies

Regardless of the age at which menopause begins, a woman's risk of developing diseases associated with a violation of hormonal levels in the body increases. Such diseases are often secretive.

For example, diseases of the thyroid gland are not immediately detected, meanwhile they cause heart rhythm disturbances, heart failure, and increased blood pressure. A woman comes for examination even when her body weight changes sharply for no reason, neuroses and fainting develop.

Even more serious consequences appear if, due to the hormonal surge, malignant tumors of the uterus are detected. Such diseases in the early stages are difficult to distinguish from mild menstrual disorders. But the success of the cure depends entirely on the stage of development.

Warning: After 45 years in women, the manifestations of menopause mask the symptoms of the most serious diseases. To avoid them, at this age it is necessary not only to immediately consult a doctor for pathologies, but also to undergo regular preventive examinations.

At least once a year, it is imperative to do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, mammography for the timely detection of breast tumors, conduct osteodensitometry (an X-ray method for determining bone density, mineral content). A regular visit to a gynecologist will allow you to notice signs of genital diseases in time, as well as recognize the presence of precancerous conditions (dysplasia, erosion of the cervix, disturbances in the structure of the endometrium, the formation of cysts, papillomas).

Treatment

At the age of 40-48, when the ovaries are just beginning to age, their work can be stimulated with the help of hormone replacement therapy drugs (climen, femoston). Drugs at this age are taken not so much to relieve symptoms as to maintain normal blood estrogen levels and slow aging. Their use is contraindicated in the presence of diseases of the liver, kidneys, heart, blood, endocrine organs, tumor processes in the body, uterine bleeding. Therefore, before their appointment, a full examination is carried out. The drugs are used strictly according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor, in an individually selected dose.

Sometimes, to regulate hormonal levels, the doctor recommends that women take oral contraceptive pills with a low content of female sex hormones (Janine, Yarina). If the onset of menopause causes the appearance of neuroses in a woman, then antidepressants are prescribed. An important role in strengthening immunity, eliminating the deficiency of useful elements is played by the intake of vitamin and mineral complexes, proper nutrition.

The forty-fifth anniversary can be considered the starting point of a new life stage. It is from this age that the first changes in the work of the reproductive system most often begin to make themselves felt. Every woman fearfully awaits the manifestation of the initial signs of menostasis, because it is not known what kind of tests this period is preparing for her.
What are the symptoms of menopause in women after 45 years of age are most often manifested? And with the least loss?

What changes occur in the female body after 45 years?

From the age of 35 to 40, the female body begins to gradually prepare for the upcoming reproductive transformations. The reserves of follicles from year to year are slowly but surely decreasing, and the amount of hormones produced by the ovaries also decreases. Until a certain time, these changes remain completely invisible for a woman, but the mechanism of climacteric changes is already beginning to gain momentum.

According to statistics, it is at the age of 45 that women most often celebrate at home. This period in the medical environment is called premenopause. It is characterized by a number of processes:

1. The number of maturing follicles and, consequently, ovulating eggs is inexorably reduced. The likelihood of conception is gradually decreasing.
2. The production of female sex hormones by the ovaries is reduced: progesterone and estrogen. Their deficiency causes a whole range of pathological symptoms of menopause.
3. In response to these changes, the hypothalamus begins to intensively produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), trying to force the ovaries to work as usual.
4. The place of the follicles begins to be replaced by connective tissue, atrophy of the mucous membrane occurs, a gradual decrease in the size of the reproductive organs is observed.

All these processes are most actively manifested in the first two stages of menopause: premenopause and menopause. It is these stages that are distinguished by an intensive course and global restructuring within the female body. When a year passes after the last menstruation, the final stage of menopause begins - postmenopause. It continues until the end of life. At this time, pathological manifestations become less noticeable, the production of estrogen by the ovaries completely stops. The childbearing mission is now considered complete.

The main symptoms of menopause at this age

Changes in the nature and regularity of menstruation

The first signs of menopause usually begin with a change in the nature and regularity of the menstrual cycle. At this time, periods suddenly come either earlier or later than the due date. The interval between bleeding can be on average from 21 to 35 days, but sometimes menstruation is absent and up to 2-3 months. The nature of the discharge also changes. They can become more intense or very scarce.
Premenstrual syndrome often worsens. It is provoked by hormonal imbalances and decreased ovarian function. Sometimes a woman may experience bleeding, including during intercourse, that is not associated with the menstrual cycle. They are provoked by a lack of estrogen, but they can also be a symptom of the development of pathological processes in the reproductive organs (sometimes of an oncological nature).

Hot flashes

Another clear sign of the onset of menopause is the so-called hot flashes. This symptom is noted in most women. Its meaning lies in the appearance of a sharp sensation of a hot wave, ascending to the area of \u200b\u200bthe shoulders, arms, neck, face. A feeling of shortness of breath, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure can join the hot flush. Having reached the highest point, the wave rushes in the opposite direction, accompanied by arms, loss of strength, and icy sweat. Such episodes can reach a high degree of intensity, repeating up to 20-30 times a day. Often, disrupting sleep and preventing the body from fully recovering.

Vegetative disorders

The autonomic nervous system is one of the first to respond to ongoing changes. Under the influence of hormonal imbalances, the synthesis of serotonin decreases, which leads to a deterioration in the adaptive abilities to the effects of stress. This is accompanied by increased nervous excitability, frequent mood changes, weakening of attention and memory, and in 10-15% of women, menopause at 46 years of age or more is accompanied by bouts of depression.

A drop in estrogen levels also affects the activity of the cardiovascular system. The walls of the vessels lose their tone, a violation of lipid metabolism provokes the development of atherosclerosis, which, in turn, interferes with the full flow of blood and the supply of oxygen to the heart muscle. It is during menopause that women are aligned with men in terms of the number of cardiac pathologies. Ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, myocardial infarction are all frequent companions of menopause.

Changes in the genitourinary system

A woman after 45 years of age often has a decrease in genital secretion, which is often accompanied by discomfort and painful sensations, including during intimate contact. All this directly affects libido and orgasm.

During the development of menopausal changes in women, interest in sex often decreases. Sometimes this is due to a lack of estrogens, which are responsible for the occurrence of libido, and sometimes psychological problems. For example, a woman may worry about internal and external changes that accompany the onset of menostasis, she ceases to feel sexually attractive, she is ashamed of her own body.

The urinary system is also affected by menopause. The tone of the muscles of the bladder decreases, provoking.

External changes

Under the influence of changes in the level of hormones, metabolic processes slow down, which provokes weight gain.

With the onset of menopause, the synthesis of elastin and collagen in cells decreases, which negatively affects the condition of the skin.

Estrogen deficiency provokes, the hair becomes thin and weak.

Often, menopause at the age of 45 is accompanied by intense headaches and migraines, which are caused by both hormonal changes and vascular disorders.

Diagnostics and treatment of pathological manifestations of menopause after 45 years

In order not to confuse the symptoms of menopause in women with pathological processes that occur in isolation, you should entrust the control over the course of internal changes to a medical specialist. However, as a rule, it becomes a reason to visit a gynecologist.

To diagnose the onset of menopause at the age of 45 and determine the degree of its influence on the work of internal organs, a doctor may prescribe:

• general analysis of urine and blood;
• biochemical blood test;
• taking a smear for genital infections;
• cytological analysis of material taken from the cervix;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• mammography of the mammary glands;

Based on the results obtained, the doctor will have information about the general condition of the woman and will be able to develop an effective treatment strategy.

If menopausal manifestations do not differ in pronounced intensity, a woman may be prescribed medications containing phytohormones, as well as vitamin and mineral complexes. These funds can help the body cope with the trials that have fallen to its lot and minimize menopause symptoms.

Treatment of pathological manifestations of menopause at the age of 45 with the help of artificial hormones may be necessary when a woman's physical and emotional health gets out of control. Such medications help to stabilize the general condition of the patient in a short time, eliminating the severity of negative symptoms. However, HRT should be used in dosage, because it is distinguished not only by high efficiency, but also by serious side effects.

How to safely overcome the climacteric period?

For the treatment of pathological symptoms to be more effective, adjustments should be made to your usual lifestyle. It is the provision of comfortable conditions for the work of the whole organism that allows you to create a reliable basis for the successful overcoming of the problems caused by menopause.

1. Nutrition is one of the main points. All systems, including the digestive system, are under increased stress, therefore, the character should be changed if until now it was far from correct. It is better to partially replace animal fats with vegetable fats, fried food - stewed or steamed, fast carbohydrates - slow. It is imperative to consume enough fiber to avoid bowel problems. It is advisable to drink more clean water.
2. Physical activity is also an important component of the successful course of menopause. Sport helps to speed up metabolism, eliminate congestion, increase muscle and vascular tone. For people who are far from sports, walking, light jogging, swimming can be the optimal type of physical activity.
3. Regular intimate life mobilizes hormonal processes, maintains the tone of the genital muscles, increases blood supply, and reduces psycho-emotional stress.
4. A good rest is highly desirable during menopause. It is necessary to build your schedule in such a way as to provide the body with high-quality recovery. If you are worried about hot flashes at night and, then you should set aside time for rest during the day.
5. Health monitoring should be regular. A physical examination should be done every six months. This will allow you to track the dynamics of internal processes and take appropriate measures in time. In this period of life, the risk of developing quite dangerous diseases increases, so it is extremely important not to miss their beginning.
6. You need to maintain a positive attitude. Life should be filled with positive emotions, which can be provided by loved ones and favorite activities. You should treat menopausal changes with understanding and acceptance, because they are natural and logical. The main thing is to carefully and carefully treat your body so as not to miss possible signals of trouble and provide the necessary assistance in a timely manner.

Menopause is characterized by a decrease in the metabolic rate and complete renewal of body cells, as well as insufficient production of hormones. The signs of menopause at 45 years old are practically no different from the signs of menopause at 55 years old.

The first signs of menopause in women from 45 to 50 years old

The manifestations of menopause at 45 years old are similar to each other. Passing through this stage, sooner or later the body is exposed to great stress due to the fact that an important phase of life - the reproductive one - has ended for it. The ability to conceive, bear and give birth to healthy children is almost the main female function, therefore, its gradual extinction is fraught with not only physiological, but also psychological changes.

The clinical picture of the manifestations of menopause at the age of 45 consists of three main stages:

• The first of them precedes menopause - the first signs appear early or they may not be at all and up to 50 years. Menstruation is still coming, but it becomes more rare, short-lived. Premenstrual syndrome torments more and more, bringing not only discomfort in the mammary glands, but also rashes, nausea, weakness, pain in the abdomen.
• The second sign at the age of 50 is the immediate cessation of the appearance of regular menstrual bleeding. A qualified gynecologist can accurately diagnose the onset of menopause, most often this happens after a year of absence of menstruation.
• The last stage is characterized by a complete extinction of reproductive function, insufficient release of female hormones.

Women note excessive dryness of the skin, brittle hair, uncontrollable mood swings, hot flashes, pain in the temples and forehead for no apparent reason.

Symptoms and main provoking factors

It can be felt at any time of the day or night. It is characterized by profuse sweating, high blood pressure, dizziness, and general weakness. After a few minutes, the general well-being improves markedly.

Signs in women at 45 years old are more noticeable than, for example, at 50-55 years old, due to better health and the absence of chronic diseases. Its general course depends not only on the characteristics of the functioning of the organism, but also on the totality of external factors. You should also not exclude the hereditary factor - if your mother and grandmother's reproductive function began to decline early, then you should not expect menopause after 50 years, this is unlikely.

What signs after 45 years are worth paying attention to in the first place:

• unexpected hot flashes, regardless of the time of day and your general health;
• sudden severe headaches, before which pain relievers are powerless;
• excessive irritability and irascibility, aggressive behavior;
• a constant state of fatigue, even after a good rest and good sleep;
• chronic insomnia;
• apathy and obsessive depression;
• sharp jumps in blood pressure.

All these are signs of menopause in women at 45 years old. They form a clear clinical picture of the entry of your body into the period of extinction of sexual function.

If you are under 45 years of age and you think these symptoms have nothing to do with the gradual decline of reproductive function, consult your gynecologist.

Warning Symptoms of Menopause at 45 to Look Out for

In addition to the above symptoms, menopause in women can be accompanied by a severe and debilitating syndrome for women's health. She is characterized by:

• serious disorders and diseases of the endocrine system - most often it is the thyroid gland that suffers during menopause;
• disruptions in the functioning of the vegetative-vascular system;
• one of the symptoms of menopause in women from 47 to 50 years old are mental disorders, nervous diseases, subject to immediate hospitalization and drug treatment.

You can learn more about your state of health and the absence of serious diseases during a routine examination with a gynecologist and other specialized specialists. When signs of menopause appear in women at the age of 52, it is imperative to visit the antenatal clinic every six months or a year.

Factors affecting the onset of the extinction of sexual function

Most often, the cause of the early appearance of signs of menopause in women at the age of 45-46 is bad habits and the negative impact of external factors. Among them are:

• bad gastronomic habits - the preference for everything spicy, fatty, sweet can lead to malfunction of the endocrine system, which produces hormones vital for the normal functioning of the body - estrogen and progesterone;
• place of residence - in countries with warm climates, symptoms only appear after 50 years, while in temperate climates, you can notice early signs of menopause as early as 45 years;
• smoking - in principle, it negatively affects women's health, especially on reproductive function and the production of hormones in the required amount;
• fasting - if you are malnourished, sitting on a grueling diet, then the body perceives the lack of necessary nutrients as a signal to curtail the reproductive function of your body. In this case, the symptoms of menopause do not come after 45, but much earlier.

Often, such phenomena are noticeable during a war or famine - menstruation may completely stop even at the age of 45.

Everything you need to know about menopause after 50

In fact, most show signs of menopause at age 47, the average age. Therefore, by the age of 50, they are faced with a whole complex of physical and psychological changes, which represent the body's transition to the phase of aging and the extinction of basic vital functions. Menopausal symptoms at the age of 50 are clear and obvious, they are more related to physiology.

Abnormalities in the body and symptoms of menopause in women after 50 years

Most often they complain about:

• Excessive tightness and irritation of the vaginal mucosa - this leads to a gradual decrease in libido, the development of vaginitis, prolapse of the walls, constant burning.
• Development of diseases of the bladder - cystitis, urethritis become frequent guests. Their main reason is the displacement of the position of the uterus and its pressure on the bladder and urethra, which causes stagnation of urine and the development of acute inflammatory processes.
• Severe hair loss on the head, which often leads to large-scale alopecia, as well as the appearance of excessive hair on the face, arms, abdomen.
• Laxity of the skin of the face and body, a decrease in the turgor of the epidermis, the appearance of dark age spots are the first signs of menopause 45-50 years old.
• Development of osteoporosis - insufficient production of hormones leads to a halt in the process of bone renewal. This is fraught with the development of diseases associated with the spine, joints, there is a risk of frequent fractures due to fragility of bones.

Often, a discord in the relationship of a married couple occurs precisely because of a reduced sex drive in the climacteric period. Excessive dryness and burning sensation in the vagina can be easily corrected with the help of special vaginal suppositories, designed to restore the usual microflora and give again the joy of sex.

Additional signs of menopause at 46

The first thing that signals that menopause occurs at 50 or earlier is a violation of the regularity of menstrual bleeding, as well as any changes in their structure. Excessive abundance and scarcity of discharge are also signs of menopause in women from 47 to 52 years old.

An additional possibility to diagnose the onset of menopause in women after 50 years of age and earlier is to measure the level of estrogen in the laboratory for a certain period. Its sharp jumps are one of the main signs of menopause at the age of 50, when the reproductive function gradually fades away.

A gynecologist may also notice additional symptoms of menopause at the age of 48 during a personal examination. In this way, you can identify the presence of tumors, cysts and polyps in the uterus and ovaries and start their treatment on time.

Many also note the following menopausal manifestations at 50:

• change in the shape of the breast - due to the lack of female hormones, it sags slightly and looks less dense and elastic;
• the surface of the nipples becomes flatter and less voluminous;
• hairy vegetation on the pubis gradually thinns and brightens.

What examinations do you need to undergo if you notice signs of menopause at the age of 47-48

The symptoms of menopause at 55 years old may be no different from similar symptoms at 47 years old. You can find out exactly about the state of health in general and about the state of the reproductive system in particular by undergoing a regular comprehensive examination by specialized specialists. So you can identify any deviations in time and prevent complications.

It is worth carefully monitoring blood sugar levels - menopausal symptoms in women in their 50s are often similar to the development of different types of diabetes mellitus. Modern ultrasound devices will allow you to detect the development of osteoporosis at an early stage, which will allow you to start a course of effective therapy and completely remove this sign of menopause in women at the age of 47 so that it can no longer bother you.

The mammary glands are also at great risk. Take time to examine them - any alarming menopausal symptoms at 49 years old associated with a condition of the chest require:

• consultations of a qualified mammologist;
• preventive examination on a mammography;
• undergoing an ultrasound and radiothermometry procedure;
• delivery of tumor markers.

What to do if you notice signs of menopause at 50 or earlier

The appearance of such signs at 50 is not a tragedy, but a natural physiological process. To reduce their impact on your overall emotional and physical well-being, listen carefully to our advice. Do not deprive yourself of regular walks in the fresh air, do not sit in stuffy office spaces - so you can normalize your blood pressure and avoid frequent hot flashes. Take a contrast shower regularly - it will help keep the body and skin in good shape, even if menopause at the age of 48 is already making itself felt.

Eat food that is extremely light and healthy for the digestive tract - do not burden an already weakened body with heavy and unhealthy foods with many artificial additives. To alleviate the signs that have already appeared in women at the age of 49, take complex vitamins C and E and multivitamins - they will help strengthen the female body and replenish the reserves of missing trace elements.

To keep your body and muscles in good shape, choose wellness gymnastics, stretching, jogging, swimming, hiking. So you will prolong your youth and delay the moment of onset of old age.

The basics of self-care in the climacteric period

To somehow alleviate the symptoms of menopause at 55, women should:

• avoid stress, engage in physical and mental work in moderation;
• completely exclude alcohol, caffeine, salt from the diet - they lead to insomnia, which is already common during menopause;
• regularly consume seafood and fish rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids;
• visit a doctor - in especially difficult cases, hormone replacement therapy is prescribed by the attending physicians to alleviate the general state of health.

Menopause symptoms at 48 years of age are another weighty reason to take more care of your health, enjoy every minute of your life, and not suffer from the thought that it is impossible to conceive a child anymore. With the right approach and systematic appeal to qualified doctors for consultation and examinations, you will not feel tangible changes in your body, except for the complete absence of menstruation. If necessary, you can get a free consultation, make an appointment with a mammologist, gynecologist and other specialists at the link.

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INTERACTIVE

It is extremely important for women to know everything about their health - especially for the initial self-diagnosis. This rapid test will allow you to better listen to the state of your body and not miss important signals in order to understand whether you need to see a specialist and make an appointment.

Many women "cling" to menstruation, become pregnant and give birth after 40-45 years, as if going on a "second round". If only not these terrible words - "menopause" and "menopause".

The topic of premenopause, menopause, menopause, the extinction of a woman's fertility after 45-50 years is quite unpleasant for many. We don't know how to live after 45 years. Many roads in society are closed to women at this age. We see around elderly unrealized women who have problems in the family, with children, health, money, profession and work. Observing this, young women do not know where to grow old, where to go, what is the essence of older age.

HORMONAL BACKGROUND OF A WOMAN DURING THE PREMENOPAUSE

Therefore, many women "cling" to menstruation, become pregnant and give birth after 40-45 years, as if going on a "second round". If only not these terrible words - "menopause" and "menopause".

Everything in the world is cyclical. Periods of the day, year, life are natural. And in the psyche of a woman, all her stages are always present. The Girl, the Girl, the Woman and the Old Woman, like the four phases of the Moon, are in us at any age. It is important to know them, to own their qualities.

The ability to bear children disappears with age. A woman can see the first signs of a decrease in fertility quite early. This can be, for example, if she has a lot of stress, had abortions, if she took hormonal contraceptives, she is in poor health, etc.

Natural Family Planning and Fertility Recognition Techniques provide an opportunity to prevent early ovarian failure. A woman, knowing her fruitful and barren days, feels much calmer, she has full information about herself. This means that he can avoid abortion, fear, harm from contraception. Therefore, the age of premenopause can come much later.

Premenopausal fertility.

Premenopause is a period of fertility extinction. Signs of extinction of fertility can be at any age. It's always individual. But at the age of approximately 38-40-45 years, as a rule, a decrease in ovarian function begins.

Premenopause - This is the period from the onset of attenuation of ovarian function to the complete cessation of menstruation. It is characterized by a sharp decrease in the ability to conceive and a change in the nature of menstruation.

Menopause- the last independent menstruation in a woman's life.

Postmenopause - this is the time from the last menstruation (menopause) to the almost complete cessation of ovarian function.

Cessation of menstruation at the age of 40-45 years is usually regarded as early menopause; over 55 years old - late menopause. Age 38-39 years is accepted as the lower limit of early premenopause. If a woman starts these symptoms before the age of 38, it is regarded as ovarian wasting syndrome.

The female sex hormones, estrogens and progesterone, are responsible for the menstrual cycle, which ensure the preparation of the uterine lining for pregnancy.

But not only the endometrium of the uterus is sensitive to estrogen and progesterone. These are the brain, liver, intestines, heart, musculoskeletal and urinary apparatus and some other tissues. The organs contain receptors that are sensitive to female hormones.

That is why, with a decrease in the level of female hormones, the so-called "climacteric syndrome" develops, characterized by dysfunctions of various organs.

The balance is disrupted between estrogens - female hormones, the synthesis of which in the body decreases, and androgens - male hormones produced by the adrenal glands.

Premenopause, developmental mechanisms.

Under conditions of ovarian hormone deficiency, compensatory-adaptive mechanisms develop.
The adrenal glands begin to produce an increased amount of androgens - male sex hormones, which are converted into estrogens in the subcutaneous fatty tissue.

Violation of autonomic regulation on the part of the hypothalamus provokes an increase in sweating, dizziness, nausea and hot flashes. These reactions are vascular in nature.

An increase in the synthesis of prolactin by the pituitary gland often accompanies climacteric syndrome... Because of this, the secretion of estrogen by the ovaries is inhibited even more. In addition, prolactin enhances proliferative processes in the mammary glands and uterus. As a result, the risk of uterine fibroids and mastopathy is significantly increased.

Neurotic reactions (increased irritability, nervousness, tearfulness, sleep disorder, suicidal thoughts) occur against the background of pathology of internal organs and because of the emotional experiences of a woman about her age and condition.

Signs of premenopause.

• Profuse bleeding during menstruation, discharge of blood clots.

• Menstruation lasts several days longer than usual.

• Minor bleeding between periods.

• Slight bleeding after intercourse.

• Shortening the length of time between periods.

• The main sign of incipient premenopause is a decrease in fertility.

• A decrease in the number of ovulations, a shortening of the luteal phase of the cycle (these are signs of insufficiency of the luteal phase of the cycle).

Possible luteinization syndrome of the unovulated follicle (LUF syndrome). Ovarian resistance to the effects of FSH, an increase in its production by the pituitary gland. Such stimulation of the ovaries leads to the maturation of several follicles at the same time, none of which reaches full maturity. As a result, a high level of estrogen in the blood, changes in cervical secretions and the state of the cervix. When the level of estrogen falls due to the destruction of maturing follicles, profuse irregular bleeding occurs.

Signs of premenopause can be at any age. If you read the literature, get acquainted with these topics, and see a decrease in ovarian function in yourself, then you should think about changing your lifestyle, reducing stress. Maybe you should take care of your health.

Observing the signs of fertility and keeping maps of observations of the menstrual cycle in the premenopausal age will allow you to avoid unplanned pregnancy, see signs of illness, and feel free in marital relations.

Elena Volzhenina

If you have any questions - ask them

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consciousness - together we are changing the world! © econet

- a natural and irreversible stage in a woman's life. The concept of "climax" is translated from Greek as "step". This is a very symbolic name. First, the lady's reproductive function will fade away. Secondly, without sex hormones in the body, metabolism will take place in a different way.

In order to cross such an important step or "take the next height", you need to prepare in advance and make some effort. Therefore, it is very important to know the signs of menopause.

Climax does not happen overnight, it approaches gradually. This is a long life period during which there is a natural extinction of reproductive function and the completion of the hormonal activity of the ovaries.

The climacteric period consists of several important stages or phases:

1. - this is the period of time from the appearance of the first signs of menopause to the last independent menstruation.
2. - these are the last periods. Since, it can only be established retrospectively, the doctor diagnoses them after 12 months during which there was no menstrual function.
3. - occurs immediately after the previous stage and lasts until the end of life. It is characterized by the complete extinction of the hormonal function of the ovaries and the absence of menstruation.

Each stage of menopause in a woman has its own distinctive signs and symptoms. They signal about the ongoing changes in the female body, as well as its adaptation to them.

When menopause comes

How does menopause proceed? For every woman, the climacteric period begins and proceeds very individually. It all depends on genetic predisposition, general health, the number of pregnancies and abortions, diet, sexual activity, sports and other physical activity. In other words, from the lady's lifestyle.

There are 4 stages in menopause.

Nevertheless, in Russia, as well as throughout the world, it is generally accepted that the average age of the onset of menopause is fifty years. After 49 years, a woman should be prepared for the first signs of an approaching menopause. It is very important for her to know what are the harbingers of this state.

Doctors believe that reproductive function decreases markedly after 45 years, when the amount of female sex hormones decreases. In this regard, the boundaries of the arrival of menopause were determined, which are considered the norm - this is 45-55 years. Therefore, already at the age of 44, a lady should be interested in the signs of an incipient menopause.

Undoubtedly, everything is very individual and depends on heredity, as well as the state of health of the fair sex. Often, women of 46 years of age give birth to healthy children. Some women only begin to enjoy all the joys of late motherhood at the age of 48. While their peers have been "familiar" with menopause for several years.

Sometimes, the onset of menopause occurs in women after forty years, and very rarely even before this age. If symptoms of menopause are observed in women after 40 years, then this situation is called early menopause.

Having discovered the symptoms of menopause in women at the age of 40, the gynecologist will prescribe treatment to prolong the reproductive period, as well as prevent possible serious health problems. The signs of menopause in women at the age of 40 are the same as at an older age.

According to statistics, the onset of menopause in women after 40 years is not so uncommon. At 42, 8% of women start menopause. Menopause is considered late, which began after 55 years. Such situations occur in 5%.

Expert opinion

Alexandra Yurievna

The symptoms of premenopause can last from 2 to 10 years. Therefore, it is quite possible that there will be signs of the first stage of menopause in women at 43 or at 52 years old. In women aged 47, menopause and hormonal mood swings can be in full swing.

Experts have identified factors that contribute to an earlier onset of menopause:

• hereditary predisposition;
• the termination of the functioning of the ovaries at a young age for various reasons;
• taking combined oral contraceptives;
• bad habits - smoking, drinking.

If the lady cannot influence the first two factors, then the rest depend on her. The women receiving menopause comes later. This is due to sufficient levels of hormones in the blood.

Do I need treatment?

If earlier it was believed that there was no need to treat menopause, now the approach has changed. Indeed, menopause is not a disease, and therefore, it is not realistic to cure it. But it is possible to reduce the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms, and, accordingly, to improve the quality of life of the fair sex in adulthood.

Modern medicine offers a variety of effective methods - from to treatment with non-hormonal drugs. Symptoms and treatment are closely related to each other. Indeed, it is the strength of the manifestation of symptoms, as well as the stage of the climacteric period, that influence the choice of a treatment method.

How a woman can determine the onset of menopause

We have considered all possible options for the onset of menopause. Approaching this age, ladies should pay more attention to their health. Monitor all changes in the work of organs and systems in order not to miss the first signs of the onset of female menopause. It is necessary to regularly undergo examinations by a gynecologist and other specialists. Only in this way, she can avoid many serious diseases.

Consider the signs of menopause in women in 50 years. First of all, what symptoms of menopause appear earlier than others?

The very first sign doctors consider the appearance. To determine the beginning of the premenopausal stage, a special test for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is done. When menopause comes, then in the urine of the lady there will be an increased level of this hormone.

When should you take an FSH test? If a lady noticed the first signs of menopause, but her periods still come to her, then a urine test is taken during the first 6 days from the onset of menstruation.

Exactly one week later, the test is repeated, and then it is done a third time again a week later. With consistently high levels of FSH, we can talk about the onset of climacteric changes.

The first signs of the onset of menopause

For many women, the actual question may be what symptoms can be with menopause. And we will repeat once again that the female body is unique.

Therefore, each lady can not only feel different symptoms, but different intensity of their manifestation. It is for this reason that some of the signs of premenopause in women go unnoticed. But there are symptoms that are most often the first bells of the onset of menopause.

These are the symptoms of the so-called climacteric syndrome, which is characterized by a bunch of signs associated with a deterioration in well-being and health problems provoked by hormonal imbalance.

Check yourself.

This leads to the gradual extinction of the ovaries. They decrease in size and become less sensitive to hormones. As a result, they produce less sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone.

In the female body, a certain compensatory mechanism turns on and the amount of FSH and LH (luteinizing hormone) increases. Such changes in hormone levels lead to an imbalance against the background of which the typical signs of menopause and premenopause begin to appear. Menopause symptoms are the same. Only they can be less intense, or vice versa, more clearly.

Disruption of the menstrual cycle

At the stage of premenopause, against the background of hormonal imbalance, the menstrual cycle becomes irregular. It is characterized by a change in the amount of menstrual bleeding and different periods of time between them.

All changes are very individual. Your periods tend to last less. The time interval between periods can either decrease or increase. Delays are more common.

At first, menstruation is 8-9 days late, and then the period increases to 20 days or more. For some ladies, delays increase by a month or more, and then the woman may think that this is the onset of pregnancy.

Hot flashes are the hallmark of menopause

- the most typical symptom of menopause. They manifest as a sharp sensation of heat in the upper body due to the very rapid flow of blood to the head and upper torso. Sometimes there is a sharp redness of the face, neck and chest. Hot flashes are accompanied by an attack of profuse sweating.

In a very short period of time, the skin from dry can become completely wet, and the body temperature does not change. This state does not last long - up to one minute. After that, the lady feels a rapid heartbeat, weakness, reduced working capacity and panic states. Women describe their condition as unpleasant.

It can be stressful, especially when it happens for the first time. Some people rarely have hot flashes, while others quite often - 50-60 times a day. They begin, as a rule, without any system, at any time of the day. They may not be very pronounced or, on the contrary, cause even a short-term loss of consciousness.

Let's look at what is the cause of this climacteric symptom? When the level of estrogen in a woman's body drops, the pituitary gland reacts to this by increasing the production of LH (luteinizing hormone). Namely, the sudden release of a large amount of this hormone causes all the described reactions during menopause.

Therefore, it is advisable to treat hot flashes. There are many non-hormonal medications available to relieve this symptom. Only, they must be prescribed by the attending doctor, taking into account the woman's condition. You should not take the medicine yourself so as not to aggravate the situation.

The increased sweating and insomnia that accompany hot flashes are typical signs of menopause in women over 45. Non-hormonal drugs give good results.

They remove or neutralize these symptoms of menopause in women after 45 years, along with hot flashes and other signs. Some ladies are helped by folk remedies.

Headaches like menopause syndrome

Very often, the approach of menopause is preceded by various headaches. This symptom can have different causes. So, constant pain can be a reaction to depression caused by the approach of menopause and old age. The pain of tension arises as a result of the fact that negative emotions cause tension in the facial muscles.

Monotonous and dull pains provoke the inability to relax. With the expansion and contraction of the vessels of the brain, migraine occurs. It manifests itself in sudden attacks during which the forehead hurts and the temples ache. Migraines can begin with such manifestations: darkening in the eyes, cold hands, and trembling of the body.

If the head hurts in the back of the head, and bags form under the eyes and the face swells, then these are signs of arterial hypertension. Headaches can also be triggered by taking hormonal drugs. As you can see, there are many reasons for this symptom.

Expert opinion

Alexandra Yurievna

General practitioner, associate professor, teacher of midwifery, 11 years of experience.

To begin with, change your attitude towards menopause, learn to relax and enjoy life, even at summer age. And when the pain does not stop, consult a doctor so that he prescribes medications.

Blood pressure surges

With menopause, symptoms include an increase and decrease in blood pressure. More often, the pressure still rises. What signals that the pressure has risen? Headache or dizziness may occur, and nausea appears. The reason for the increase in pressure lies in the body's need to adapt to external influences.

For example, during physical exertion, the body requires an increased supply of blood to the internal organs. That is why peripheral vessels are narrowed, providing increased blood supply to the brain. When the pressure has risen too high, then it is necessary to take a drug that will lower it. Sometimes you may need urgent medical attention.

What other signs accompany menopause?

Menopause in women may not always show obvious symptoms, but they can also cause inconvenience.

Consider what signs precede the approaching climacteric period:

Sometimes women complain about the sensation of a lump in their throat, which is very difficult to swallow. Symptoms of menopause include this symptom, but it can signal the development of thyroid abnormalities. Therefore, it is necessary to visit an endocrinologist to establish a definitive diagnosis.

Dangerous diseases

Symptoms of menopause in women after 50 years, in addition to the signs discussed above, are replenished with emerging diseases.

During menopause, such dangerous diseases can develop:

Only a specialist can diagnose such serious diseases. You cannot self-medicate - it is dangerous not only for health, but also for a woman's life.

Outcome

A woman needs to remember that this is a natural process of preparing the body for aging. Sometimes, they joke that he has 34 symptoms. Indeed, this period has many distinctive features.

Mature women should be familiar with them in advance. This will allow you to calmly perceive the ongoing changes. It is important to undergo regular examinations so that a symptom of the disease is not mistaken for a manifestation of the climacteric period. We wish you good health!

Dear ladies, we hope that the information was useful to you. What do you know about the symptoms of menopause?