Application of geosynthetics in road construction. Abstract - Application of geosynthetic materials in road construction - file n1.docx. Application in construction

Geosynthetic materials for road construction are an innovative building material based on polymers (polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, etc.), which has been widely used in Russia for the last 10 years. Its use provides a high level of design solutions and environmental requirements, and also increases the service life of the roadway.

Functions of geosynthetics

The main functions of geosynthetic materials for road construction:

Reinforcement (geogrids, geogrids). The material redistributes weight loads, thereby strengthening the road surface.
Filtration (geocomposites, geotextiles). Composites and textiles allow water to seep without moving into the base of the roadway.
Drainage (geocomposites, geogrids). Stays in place for water withdrawal.
Strengthening the strength of asphalt concrete layers (geogrids, geogrids). Redistribution of tensile loads, mechanical influences.
Prevention and control of soil erosion (geomats, geocells). The material slows down erosion, heaving and other deformations of the soil due to climatic influences.
Strengthening of soft soil (geocomposites, geotextiles). Strengthening the bearing capacity of the subgrade.
Separation of the layers of the canvas (geocomposites, geotextiles). Prevent the road cake layers from sticking together.
Waterproofing (geomembranes, geocompositions). Reduces the inflow of fluids to the subgrade.
Protection against mechanical damage (geonets, geomats, geotextiles).

Depending on the purpose of the material and the individual characteristics of the soil, geosynthetics can perform one or several functions.

Properties of Geosynthetics for Road Construction

Geosynthetics have a number of unique properties:

Resistance to chemicals, aggressive environments.
Durability (the term of use reaches up to 100 years).
Resistance to high and low temperatures, environmental drops.
Low material consumption.

Reference. Due to the combination of versatility, durability and stability, modern projects using geosynthetic materials for road construction can reduce the repair time by 2-3 times, and reduce the consumption of building materials. In addition to solving a number of technical problems, geomaterials lead to a tangible economic effect!

Classification and types of geosynthetics

When choosing a geomaterial, its type is of great importance, which is selected based on the assigned construction tasks.

Depending on the function, materials can be of several types of permeability: gas-tight, drainage, filtering, insulating.

By structure, geosynthetic materials are divided into the following types:

geotextile;
geogrids;
geogrids;
geocomposites;
geomats;
geocameras;
geomembranes.

Geogrids, geogrids

It is a roll or modular mesh material made of synthetic or polymer threads. It is made on the basis of polyamide, polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, fiberglass, etc.

Geogrids are larger than geogrids in thickness and cell size. They are actively used to prevent erosion of retaining walls, to strengthen ravines, road slopes, in the arrangement of roads and railways on soft soils. Also, the material has good reinforcing properties. It is used in the foundations of the roadway, load-bearing sites, as well as for strengthening the abutments of bridges. Concrete of the minimum grade M200, crushed stone, sand, soil is used as a filler for the cells. The maximum effect is achieved due to the adhesion of the cells to the aggregate. Installation temperature ranges from -40 to +60 degrees. The cell diagonal can be 0.2m, 0.3m, 0.4m. Sizes range from 2 to 3 m (width), from 5.5 to 12 m (height). Module thickness from 0.05 to 0.2 m. Belt thickness min 1.5 mm. The tensile load of the weld is from 50% of the strength of the tape.

Geogrid is a durable yet lightweight flexible material. It comes in rolls. The main purpose of the mesh: exclusion of interpenetration of layers, reinforcement, leveling and strengthening. Geomaterial is laid in the soil or asphalt concrete surfaces, including the upper asphalt layers. Mesh size from 2.5 to 40 mm. The service life is over 50 years.

According to the method of forming the weaving of the mesh, a two-axis and one-axis mesh is distinguished. Single-axis geosynthetics involves balancing a high long-term load in one direction. It has a flat appearance with long, narrow sections. A double-sided geogrid distributes loads in the lateral and longitudinal direction. It has square cells with rigid node connections.

Geotextile

Geotextile is a roll (sometimes sheet) material that is made from polypropylene or polyester. High flexibility, strength characteristics, water resistance allow it to be used in a variety of construction works.

In road construction, the material is used to filter moisture, not mixing soil with gravel, which does not deform the road surface. Its use reduces the appearance of cracks by 3 times. Density is an important criterion in choosing a geotextile.

In road construction, geotextiles are used with the following density:

200-300 g / m2. It is used in the construction of parking lots for light vehicles, roads for small vehicles or small traffic.
300-400 g / m2. For roads with heavy traffic (trucks, high traffic volumes).
450-500 g / m2. The material is used for temporary roads as a separator between layers of rubble.

According to the texture and method of weaving the threads of the material, they are distinguished:

Non-woven geotextile. Arrangement of fibers without systemic interlacing. The fabric is impregnated with special compounds. The material stretches well, but has low strength. Reduces stress on the road base.
Woven geotextile. In a woven fabric, the fibers are intertwined, as in a fabric, perpendicular to each other. In this case, two or more strips of threads are used. Woven is more durable and is used in pavement layers. It significantly reduces the load on the road surface.
Knitted. Consists of fibers connected by a special circuit. Used for media distribution, drainage.

Geocomposites

Geocomposite is two-, three- and multi-layer structures of geomaterials compositions that combine all the characteristics and properties of the layers used. The main task of the material is drainage and filtration. The material is used in the arrangement of vertical edge drainages of highways, drainages of retaining walls.

The following combinations are found on the construction market:

Geotextile-geogrid. For example, a combination of a nonwoven filter and a diamond mesh made from low and high pressure polyethylene compositions;
Geomembrane-geotextile. In this case, the geotextile works as a filter, and the geomembrane acts as a waterproofing layer and provides a gap for water outflow.

The main technical parameters of the material are layer thickness, density.

Geomembranes

Membranes are a continuous moisture-resistant synthetic fabric for insulating layers. Membranes for road construction are distinguished by a high-strength polyethylene composition with a layer thickness of 1 to 4 mm. The main difference between membranes and other geosynthetics is its tensile strength, which reaches over 600%. The material is produced in rolls or sheets of many sizes, which allows you to arrange flooring with minimal joints.

Advice! For road construction, a profiled geomembrane is applicable. At a high level of the embankment of the web, it is better to lay the membrane at a depth of 0.5 to 1 m from the edge.

Scope of application in road construction - silty soils, soils with underground rivers, humid climatic zones. The membrane layer excludes frost heaving, rupture of asphalt layers. Places of laying can be tunnels, bridges, bridge supports, especially wet sections of roads.

Reference. For the best effect, manufacturers recommend using geomembranes in tandem with a geogrid, lattice or geocomposite.

Geomats

Geomat is a lightweight material with a three-dimensional fibrous structure with a cellular structure that provides anchoring of the root system of plants and trees. Unlike the grid, its cells are very small and arranged in a chaotic manner. Its shape allows the roots of plants and trees to intertwine with their own fibers. Used to prevent and reduce soil erosion.

The material is produced in mats, overlapped in the bases of retaining walls, slopes and slopes.

Geocameras

Geocameras are applicable in the field of innovative construction, for the construction of hydraulic structures. They are used as a form for filling with bulk and medium fraction materials. They differ in the height and size of the cells. The material passes moisture and water well, increases the resistance of the structure to deformation, is not subject to destruction under the influence of heat, frost, ultraviolet rays.

The use of geosynthetics in road construction in Russia is actively growing. A significant increase in the nomenclature and assortment provides a high level of solutions to all kinds of design problems, which gives an impetus to improving the quality of the canvas and reducing the use of natural resources.

The modern world is very demanding on the characteristics of materials. Everyone is trying to choose something better, more innovative, reliable and natural. That is why manufacturers are increasingly moving away from synthetic products altogether, or offer excellent substitutes for natural substances. This applies to almost all spheres of life, from household, everyday life, and ending with construction products. Geotextile has become one of such modern materials, which combines the properties of natural products and high technology. Its main purpose is water filtration and soil separation. It is irreplaceable when working with any kind of soil, perfectly retains and strengthens slopes, and is also used in the construction of dams. The article will discuss the use of geotextiles.

Geotextiles are considered the best choice in cases where it is necessary to mount any hermetic underground structures and not worry about sharp stones breaking through the protective layer. The product is used in the construction of buildings and houses, roads, landfills or other underground storage facilities, as well as various other structures.

There are several types of geotextiles according to the manufacturing method. It is worth examining in more detail the classification of this material and its main properties.

Geotextile fabric, types and characteristics

It is customary to call a geotextile a non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers, which looks very much like a fabric. It is produced in large rolls, and is made from polypropylene or polyester fibers, which are pressed, forming a single structure. The product is distinguished by its low cost, but, at the same time, by excellent performance characteristics and a long service life.

The scope of application of the material is quite extensive, it is used in construction and in the furniture industry, in gardening and in households. Geotextile fabrics can be classified according to their application.

Drainage geotextile- it is used for the device of a drainage system or for winding drainage pipes;

Furniture geotextile- used for interior upholstery of upholstered furniture and in the production of mattresses, as well as a protective layer during the transportation of furniture sets;
Garden Geotextile- as such, it is used to create greenhouses, since it perfectly protects from frost, as well as from direct sunlight, in addition, very often it is used to cover the ground around cultivated plants in order to reduce the number of weeds;
Construction geotextile- this variety is used for construction purposes, for waterproofing the foundation or basement of the house, paving slabs are laid on it, and also used in the construction of roads;
Packing geotextile- it is used as a packing material for equipment, footwear, clothing and other substances and elements.

This classification does not give an idea of what the geotextile is made of. So, according to the manufacturing method, modern manufacturers offer several main types of geotextile material:

needle punched geotextile, which can be reinforced with geogrids or duplicated by geomat;

thermally bonded geotextile;
woven geotextile.

In Russia, most construction companies, and even ordinary consumers, prefer to use thermally bonded geotextiles, while abroad they prefer to use needle-punched ones. This is due to the fact that the thermally bonded material, although it has high breaking loads, in fact, this characteristic does not guarantee long-term operation.

The thing is that such a canvas is not able to qualitatively filter water from soil containing clay or fine sand. Particles clog the structure of the product, and water does not penetrate inside, but erodes the upper layers of the soil. Needle-punched geotextiles have more elastic pores through which liquid passes freely, even if the material is used on clay soil.
This means that thermally bonded geotextiles can be used only in cases where the soil does not have fine particles, that is, as a drainage system, as well as to strengthen slopes. While needle-punched geotextile is a more versatile material, especially in cases of reinforcement with geogrids.
They also distinguish geotextiles made of polypropylene, which is the most durable, reliable and resistant to chemical attack. And made from polyester, which is considered not as resistant to chemicals.

And one more type that deserves attention is mixed geotextile - it is made with the addition of recyclable materials (wool, cotton fiber, viscose) to the composition, has a low cost, but, however, does not differ in great reliability. This is one of the most natural and environmentally friendly geotextile materials, which, unfortunately, quickly breaks down during operation, since natural fibers rot from contact with water.

Needle-punched geomaterial

It can consist of both polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers, they are interconnected by a needle-punched method. That is, the fabric is obtained by pulling fibers with serrated needles through layers of special material. Thanks to this technology, the product perfectly permeates liquids, but only along and across.
In Russia, a material such as "Dornit" is produced by a similar method. It is based on polypropylene. It is resistant to mechanical stress and heavy loads, does not deform during operation and has excellent strength. Most often used in road construction, landscaping and for strengthening slopes.

Heat-set geomaterial (non-woven geotextile)

It is obtained by bonding fibers at a high temperature. That is, the resulting fabric has increased strength, but is capable of passing water only in one direction - transverse. As a result, it is not recommended to use it for drainage or in the road sector, but is best used for weed control and for laying paving slabs.

In Russia, geotextiles are produced by the Technonikol company. The material is made mechanically and is bonded by heat treatment. The company positions its products as reliable and durable and offers to use them to strengthen the foundation, in the construction of pipelines, roads, to improve drainage and as waterproofing.

Woven Geotextile

It is also called knitting-stitching, it also consists of polyester or propylene fibers, which in this version are stitched with threads. This is the least resistant type of product, since there is a risk of material rupture. As a result, the canvas becomes unusable, as it ceases to cope with the basic functions.

Advantages and characteristics of geotextiles

Geotextile material has many positive qualities:

versatile in application;
rot-resistant;
has high strength;

resistant to chemicals, both acids and alkalis;
has a long operational life and increases the service life of construction objects;
inhibits the growth of weeds;
prevents the development of soil erosion;
has filtering properties;
accelerates water drainage;
has high tensile strength (able to lengthen up to 45%)
has high elasticity;
reinforces building structures;
does not decompose and belongs to environmentally friendly materials);
has a low cost;
reduces the consumption of materials during the installation of structures;
easy to use and install.

When using geotextiles, the cost of maintaining structures is significantly reduced. Roads built on foundations such as peat, clay or other soils with high humidity may not survive even one season if they are not previously reinforced. The crushed stone used in construction, due to the use of geotextile fabric, does not mix with weak bases and reliably keeps the highways from destruction and deformation.

Geotextiles are resistant to many external factors, including:

to punctures (you can not be afraid to lay the canvas even if there is a large accumulation of sharp stones);
to alkalis and acids (not affected by soils with any pH level);
to ultraviolet radiation (which is especially important in cases of roofing systems);
to bioorganisms (fungi, bacteria and others);
to groundwater.

When purchasing a product, you should pay attention to such parameters as:

density;
composition;
operational period.

So, the most popular material is considered to be made entirely of polypropylene. The service life of geopolitics can reach 100 years; no other similar material can compete with such durability.

Laying geotextiles

For the correct laying of the geotextile fabric, a certain sequence must be followed.

So, the first stage will be the preparation of the foundation. That is, the surface is leveled, if necessary, the top layer of soil is removed by a few centimeters, and the opened soil is compacted. If it is impossible to achieve the evenness of the existing layer, then it is recommended to fill up an even layer of sand and tamp it thoroughly.

The next step is to lay the geomaterial on a flat and clean surface. The rolls are rolled out on the base with an overlap of at least 25-35 cm. Such a measure is necessary for the material to efficiently cope with its main task. If it is not possible to achieve ideal smoothness of the base, then the overlap is made from 40 cm or more.
Next, you need to qualitatively connect the canvases. For this, special staples made of plastic or metal are used, you can also use the cold welding method. Staples take more time, so if quick installation is required, then it is better to use welding.
In order to qualitatively connect the material into a single canvas, the edges of the tape are heated with a special burner, and then a second sheet of geotextile is applied on top and the seam is pressed down for a short period. This is enough to securely fix the product.
The next step is to cover the geotextile with soil of the thickness required for each specific case. The soil is rolled, but not too heavy. Further, the rest of the materials are laid or the corresponding structures are erected, according to the required technologies.

Laying geotextiles is not difficult, it is important to choose the right material for a specific situation.

Geotextile assortment and prices

Geotextile "Geotex"

"Geotex 150" price from 214.87 rubles;
"Geotex 200" price from 19.35 rubles;
"Geotex 250" price from 223.31 rubles;
"Geotex 300" price from 227.97 rubles;
"Geotex 350" price from 32.63 rubles;
"Geotex 400" price from 37.29 rubles;
"Geotex 500" price from 46.61 rubles.

Geotextile "Kanvalan"

"Canvalan 150" price from 22.42 rubles;
"Canvalan 200" price from 29.90 rubles;
"Canvalan 250" price from 37.38 rubles;
"Canvalan 300" price from 44.85 rubles;
"Canvalan 350" price from 52.32 rubles;
"Canvalan 400" price from 59.80 rubles;
"Canvalan 450" price from 67.27 rubles;
"Canvalan 500" price from 74.75 rubles.

Geotextile "Avantex"

"Avtex 100" price from 12.50 rubles;
"Avtex 150" price from 14.70 rubles;
"Avtex 200" price from 20.25 rubles;
"Avtex 250" price from 23.30 rubles;
"Avtex 300" price from 27.95 rubles;
"Avantex 110" price from 10.80 rubles;
"Avantex 120" price from 11.80 rubles;
"Avantex 130" price from 12.75 rubles;
"Avantex 140" price from 13.75 rubles;
"Avantex 160" price from 14.90 rubles;
"Avantex 180" price from 16.80 rubles;
"Avantex 200" price from 18.65 rubles;
"Avantex 220" price from 20.50 rubles;
"Avantex 330" price from 30.75 rubles;
"Avantex 350" price from 32.60 rubles;
"Avantex 400" price from 37.25 rubles;
"Avantex 500" price from 46.55 rubles;
"Avantex 600" price from 55.90 rubles;
"EcoTex 200" price from 18.12 rubles;
EcoTex 250 price from 22.23 rubles;
"EcoTex 300" price from 26.33 rubles;
"EcoTex 350" price from 31.08 rubles;
"EcoTex 400" price from 34.92 rubles;
EcoTex 450 price from 39.51 rubles;
"EcoTex 500" price from 43.60 rubles.

Geotextile "Geospan"

"Geospan TN 100" price from 2,207.75 rubles.

Geotextile "Technohaut"

"Technohout Geo 60" price from 700.00 rubles;
"Technohout Geo 100" price from 1 148,00 rubles;
"Technohout Geo 130" price from 1,484.00 rubles;

Geotextile Dornit

"Dornit 200" 3x100 m price from 19.30 rubles;
"Dornit 250" price from 21.00 rubles;
"Dornit 300" 3x50 m price from 28.05 rubles;
"Dornit 300" 6x50 m price from 28.40 rubles;
"Dornit 350" price from 33.60 rubles;
"Dornit 400" 6x50 m price from 37.45 rubles;
"Dornit 400" 3x50 m price from 37.70 rubles;
"Dornit 500" 6x50 m price from 46.50 rubles;
"Dornit 550" 3x50 m price from 49.50 rubles.

Before you buy geotextiles, remember that it can be different. Woven (obtained by interlacing threads at right angles), non-woven (obtained from polyester or propylene by needle-punching and thermal bonding of threads) and even knitted (the so-called geotricot, made by looping). The canvas has high strength and durability.

The material is used in many areas, especially where soil separation, reinforcement, filtration or as drainage are required. It is used in medicine, in road construction, in agriculture, in the construction of houses, in the manufacture of furniture and for packaging various substances.

The main properties include the fact that the product does not rot, does not change its qualities, even under aggressive conditions, it is resistant to chemical reagents. The material perfectly permeates water, but does not silt up and does not clog up with soil particles. Remains reliable even at subzero temperatures (up to -60 degrees) and at high (up to +100 degrees). It is quite simple to lay geotextiles, and the strips can be fixed between themselves both with the help of special brackets, and by cold welding.

Russian manufacturers offer their own version of the material, which is called "Dornit". It is produced in rolls, the width of which is 150 cm and up to 5.3 m, and the length is from 50 m to 150 m. The density of the product is different and varies from 90 to 800 g / m2. Canvases can be used in many objects, when constructing embankments, in landscape design, for drainage systems, in the construction of houses and roads. In terms of cost, it is the Russian material that is the most profitable for consumers.

Hundreds of thousands of kilometers of highways are being built and repaired annually. New construction, as a rule, is carried out taking into account modern loads and using new technologies, but the repair of the existing canvas, the so-called pit, is often carried out in outdated unproductive ways.

The end result is of poor quality. Road geogrid is a modern cellular material used in road repair. Technologies providing for the use of this material are distinguished by the high quality of the work performed.

Road geogrid application

Construction of new and repair of existing ones for various purposes is the main industry where a road geogrid is used. Laying, depending on the technology, can be carried out in all layers of the road surface. The main purposes of the road geogrid:

Reinforcement of areas during repair. The geogrid is laid over the damaged area of asphalt and a new surface is placed on top of it. The structural properties of the mesh prevent the new coating from coming into contact with the cracks of the old one. In this case, the layer absorbs most of the horizontal stresses.
Dents and ruts can form in places of the greatest load on the roadway. During repairs, the geogrid is laid in recesses on top of the backfilled asphalt concrete. This allows the load to be distributed evenly over the entire area, preventing the formation of new dents.
Geogrid is laid in the road surface by interfacing different types of surfaces (for example, asphalt and cement-concrete) to prevent cracking.

Reinforcement of joints between concrete slabs. When applied to a base of concrete slabs, weak spots are formed at the joints, on which a road geogrid is laid to reinforce the web.
When the road is widened, cracks may form at the junction of the existing and new pavement. To prevent this, the joint is reinforced with a geogrid.
Modern technologies often provide for preliminary soil reinforcement. For this, a road geogrid is also used. The use of a reinforcing layer in the construction of a roadway is an integral part of the technological process.

Varieties of geonets and their properties

The type of geogrid determines its application. In addition to the material and the size of the cell, the material is distinguished by the method of formation: biaxial (double orientation) and uniaxial (mono-oriented). Biaxial products with rectangular cells are designed for road construction, including on soft soils. Dual orientation geogrids distribute loads well, which contributes to an increase in service life. Uniaxial interlayers of elongated cells have high tensile strength, excellent for strengthening soils, landslide areas and backfill abutments.

Products for reinforcing asphalt concrete

Road geogrid for reinforcing asphalt concrete allows to distribute local external loads over the entire volume of the nearby roadway. This material is used to extend the service life of highways with a concrete base, of which there are more and more every year. Also, this mesh distributes the internal stresses arising from the shrinkage of the gradually hardening concrete.

Wire mesh is short-lived and expensive. Fiberglass and polymer geonets are a cheaper alternative to metal reinforcement and at the same time have all the necessary characteristics:

The material of such products is chemically inert, not affected by temperature changes and the alkaline environment of concrete.
Has the unique ability to distribute local loads.
It has low weight, long service life, easy installation and affordable cost.

To improve performance, the base used in road construction is treated with bitumen.

Geogrid for road construction

The road surface is daily exposed to loads from traffic flows, which inevitably leads to its destruction and the formation of pits, potholes and cracks. The main reason for this is insufficient preparation of the foundation. The geogrid of the road surface allows to increase the strength characteristics of the asphalt concrete road, tensile resistance and optimize the perception of horizontal stresses.

The use of such materials both in the construction of new roads and in the repair of existing ones can significantly increase the operational characteristics and increase the service life of the coating. The use of a geogrid for road construction in combination with geotextiles makes it possible to reduce the required volume of non-metallic bulk materials during road construction, which will significantly reduce the cost of the project without changing the quality of the structure.

Polymer geonets

The road geogrid is manufactured using thread-knitting and stitching technology. This allows you to maintain the original high strength of the material. Geogrid structure - fixed cells with a size that is larger than their filling material. Thanks to this, the backfill interacts with the base (soil, rock, other base made of materials used in construction).

They are used as a reinforcing layer in the lower layers of the road base. The use of polymer meshes in road structures makes it possible to strengthen the road base and prevent the interpenetration of materials from different contacting layers. Strengthening is achieved by limiting the movement of the granules of the bulk base material outside the cell. The formed composite layer (geogrid + granular material) is highly resistant to dynamic loads.

Fiberglass products

Geonets based on fiberglass are used as reinforcing elements and protective and separating layers in the construction and repair of federal and regional highways, airfields, bridges and overpasses. The use of fiberglass meshes for the reinforcement of asphalt concrete pavements makes it possible to increase the operational time between repairs by 2-3 times. Costs for road maintenance in regions where fiberglass geonets are actively used have been reduced by 40%. Such materials have high technical and physical properties: resistance to aggressive media, the ability to withstand high lateral and longitudinal loads. Fiberglass geonets significantly improve the strength and mechanical characteristics of the reinforced elements.

Production

Today the following main types of geogrids are produced:

extruded polymer;
glued fiberglass;
stitched mesh made of polyester yarns and fiberglass.

Modern technologies and equipment with a wide variety of production methods make it possible to produce geonets with different properties, from different raw materials and with different fasteners in the nodes. The main requirements are:

resistance to natural factors;
resistance to aggressive environments under operating conditions;
UV resistance;
resistance to dirt;
strength and stability of properties.

Material selection

From the variety of types of geogrids and their standard sizes, the choice should be based on the purpose, the method of forming the cells and the type of raw material. Interlayers are designed for reinforcement, separation of layers, erosion control, leveling of soils and foundations. Having decided on the purpose, you need to select a specific type of geogrid and its standard size. Depending on the properties of the raw material, the characteristics of the material are selected, which can be resistant to hydro-, bio-, thermal and chemical effects.

Travel clothes can be presented as a kind of multi-layer "cake", where the most durable and reliable "cake" is chosen as the base. In modern road construction, the role of such a cake is successfully played by geotextiles, which are used to increase the wear resistance of asphalt concrete pavements. Today, about 400 different geomaterials are produced in the world, 2/3 of which are used for road construction.

Geotextiles for road construction perform the following functions:

Waterproofing. Prevents the flow of groundwater and rainwater into the working layer of the soil;
Protects and prevents mutual penetration of the contacting technological layers of the pavement;
Filters the soil, in particular, slows down the process of penetration of soil particles into the drainage;
Drains soil and enhances water outflow.

What geotextile should be used in road construction

When building roads, it is recommended to use geotextile with a density of 250 to 500 g / m2. The use of a material of such density prevents the appearance of rut, dips, potholes, increases the turnaround time and the overall service life of the road surface, which avoids annual minor repairs. Thanks to road geosynthetics, the life of the asphalt or concrete road surface is extended, protecting it from destruction and cracks.

If the plans are to build, expand or restore a road, parking, then road geotextiles will make this process much easier, while saving time and money.

To strengthen the base and stabilize it, geopolitics are laid between the soil and gravel (crushed stone). Due to road geosynthetics, clay soil is retained under the base of the road and its "exit" to the upper layers of the pavement structure is protected.

Geotextiles are recommended both for the construction of a conventional road in the residential sector and for the construction of a motorway. In addition, the material is indispensable in difficult geographic and climatic conditions, as well as in the construction of roads with an expected high traffic load (heavy equipment traffic, heavy traffic). In the process of construction work, geosynthetics prevents the uneven penetration of bulk material into the ground. The result is a reduction in the cost of bulk building materials. The use of geotextiles makes it possible to exclude the use of crushed stone of large fractions (more than 2.5 cm).

It is advisable to use geotextile on soft, weakly bearing soils, where the material forms a reinforcing layer. It creates an obstacle to deformation of the road surface.

The economic effect of the use of geopolitics becomes noticeable within a short period of time, at a time when the roads built without geosynthetics begin to be repaired.

Road geogrid is one of the most demanded materials on the construction market, which is a geosynthetic fabric with a pronounced mesh structure. The honeycomb structure is formed from strong threads, fastened in knots with a stitching thread, by weaving, gluing and other methods. The geogrid is supplied in rolls. It is made from different polymers with a variety of technical capabilities.

Road geonets are used not only on unpaved surfaces, but also when reinforcing asphalt concrete. The main field of application of geogrids is road construction. This material can significantly increase the operational characteristics of the roadway. The use of geogrids in the construction of runways is especially important, since they are subject to an increased load.

Performance characteristics

The road geogrid is treated with a special compound that improves the physical and mechanical characteristics, thanks to which it is characterized by the following positive properties:

Flawless strength and good deformation resistance;
The road geogrid is resistant to environmental influences, that is, it does not collapse in high humidity, when exposed to ultraviolet rays and does not rot;
The operational life of a road geogrid is half a century or more.

Varieties of road geonets

A road geogrid is made of various polymeric materials:

polyester;
polyamide;
polypropylene;
polyethylene;
fiberglass;
polyester

The properties and technical characteristics of a road geonet directly depend on the type of raw material that is used as a basis. For example, a polypropylene geogrid has high technical characteristics, but does not tolerate ultraviolet rays well. And polyester geonets are characterized by poor resistance to chemically aggressive components. Polyamide-based nets lose their strength at high humidity.

Depending on the technology of cell formation, there are two types of geogrids: single and double orientation. That is, the choice of geogrid depends on the conditions of the project, and the consumer can choose the material, taking into account the tasks that he needs to complete.