Laying sewer pipes in the ground: technological rules and nuances. How to lay sewer pipes in the ground Laying sewer pipes in the ground

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When arranging a sewage system with your own hands, you need to know how to lay sewer pipes, since they are an essential element of any system. There is nothing difficult in this, and knowledge about the main aspects of this process will be enough. How to lay sewer pipes in a private house will be discussed in this article.

Today the market is replete with materials for the manufacture of sewer systems: various pipes, fittings and other elements that ensure reliable operation and tight connection of the structure.

The laying of sewer pipes in a private house must be carried out correctly. For pipes, a trench is dug, the bottom of which is laid with gravel and sand, although sometimes the pipeline is laid directly on the ground. Pipes are usually connected in several pieces at the top of the trench, and then laid down. Of course, with plastic pipes, such an operation is much easier, but with metal pipes you will have to sweat: this structure will not be installed with your own hands, so additional equipment will be required.

When laying pipes on the bottom, you need to ensure that they do not sag in certain areas, otherwise problems cannot be avoided. Also, during work, it is worth constantly monitoring the level of the pipes: non-observance of the slope will certainly provoke system malfunctions in the very near future.

The depth at which sewer pipes are laid in the ground is determined by the level of soil freezing in a given region. This value will be initial, and the final calculation of the depth of the trench along its entire length will be determined by knowing the distance to the sewer and the slope indicator. To further reduce the likelihood of pipeline freezing, it is worth insulating it: the cost of repairing a broken pipe will be much higher than the cost of insulating the entire pipeline.

An important aspect when arranging a sewage system is the sealing of pipes (which is especially difficult to do when doing work on your own). When sealing pipes, you should be careful, since the performance of the system depends on the quality of the work: constant leaks due to poor connections can destroy the sewer and make it impossible to use it further.

There are several ways to seal sewer pipe joints. One of them - caulking - is performed as follows: the socket is filled with a tarred rope for two thirds of the space, and the remaining space is completely filled with cement mortar in a ratio of 9: 1 (cement and water, respectively). This method is rather difficult to implement, but it is very reliable. If desired, you can use waterproof cement, and then the tourniquet is not required.

Before connecting the pipes, they must be thoroughly cleaned - this is a mandatory preparatory operation, due to which the laying of sewer pipes in a private house is of high quality and reliable. In addition, immediately before connecting pipes or structural elements, it is necessary to lubricate them with glycerin or soap. All joints during preparation must be marked so that during the final laying, the pipes fit exactly into their place.

Pipes for the sewer system in a private house

Given the variety of materials available, there will be no problem with this question. In addition, there will be no problems with how to lay the sewer pipe into the trench if you use the tips described in this article.

In the old days, independent arrangement of the sewer system was considered a very difficult matter. The reason is very simple: the laying of sewer pipes in a private house was carried out using heavy and uncomfortable cast iron pipes, the weight of which did not at all make it possible to build anything on our own.

Now this problem practically does not exist: suitable plastic pipes have been developed for sewage, which are both lighter and cheaper, and are mounted without any problems. Of course, the laying of sewer pipes and its repair are calmly done by hand.

Before purchasing materials for the sewer system, it is necessary to prepare a project according to which all work will be carried out. The project should display all sewer lines, plumbing fixtures and the premises where they will be installed. It is also important to remember that different devices require different pipes and accessories.

The laying of sewer pipes in a private house is carried out with an eye on the pre-calculated slope value displayed in the project. The slope may differ depending on the situation, but the optimal value is considered to be 2 cm per meter of pipeline.

The diameter of the pipes for different sections is also important, and before laying the sewer pipes, you need to select the appropriate lengths. For example, 110 mm pipes are used to connect a toilet, and for plumbing that only drains water, 50 mm diameter pipes are sufficient. Thinner pipes with a diameter of 32 or 40 mm are often used, which are suitable for bidets and washing machines.

To choose pipes for connecting plumbing, you need to have an idea of \u200b\u200bsuch an indicator as the diameter of the nominal bore, which determines the inner diameter of the sewer pipes. So, for bathtubs, sinks and showers the value of this diameter is 40 mm, for washing machines and kitchen sinks - 40-50 mm, and for a toilet - from 100 mm. When installing a riser, it is necessary to take into account that its diameter must be higher than the largest diameter of the outlet pipe.

Additional elements of the sewage system for laying pipes with your own hands

Do-it-yourself laying of sewer pipes is most often done in a bell-shaped way: one end of the pipe is inserted into the bell of the other, and sealing and shaped elements are located between them.

The main shaped parts used most often include:

couplings;
knee;
adapters;
stubs;
crosses;
revisions;
clamps.

The coupling allows you to connect pipes to each other if a socket connection is impossible for one reason or another. For example, if you need to build two pipe sections into the system that do not have sockets, then the coupling will allow you to make such a connection.

An elbow is a shaped piece that allows you to change the direction of the sewer pipeline. The knee angle can be different: the most common are products with an angle of 90, 45 and 35 degrees.

Transitions are needed to connect pipes of different diameters to each other. A good example of such a situation is a system in which the main line is 110 mm in diameter and the internal drain is made of 50 mm pipes.

In order to tightly block one of the sewer passages, plugs are used. Very often these elements are used in the construction process: for example, if the sink has not yet been installed, and the sewage system is already working, then the free hole must be closed with a plug.

The cross is a type of adapter and has 4 channels: three sockets for connecting pipes and one large outlet. This shaped element allows you to connect several pipes in one unit and direct them into one line.

The revision is a tee with two sockets and a cover that comes off for cleaning the structure or troubleshooting. Clamps are fasteners and allow you to fix the structure in place.

Plastic sewer pipes

Today's plastic pipes can be made from different materials.

Raw materials for the manufacture of polymer pipes can be:

polyethylene;
polyvinyl chloride;
polybutylene;
polypropylene.

The most common are PVC pipes. Such products are characterized by high resistance to most types of aggressive substances that can get into them or be outside. The advantages of all types of plastic pipes include their low weight, which makes it possible to equip the sewer system with your own hands, without involving bulky equipment.

In addition, the inner surface of plastic pipes is smooth, so they are practically not subject to clogging, which speaks in favor of such products. Another weighty argument in favor of plastic pipes is their long service life, which makes it possible to create a reliable system that can work flawlessly for several decades.

Despite all the advantages of plastic pipes, the sewer system can still cause trouble. Problems most often arise precisely because of improper installation, and the result is quite deplorable. To prevent this from happening, the laying of sewer pipes in a private house must be done carefully, efficiently and in strict accordance with the project.

Clogged sewer pipes

The sewer system is often subject to blockages, no matter how high quality it is. Problems arise for a variety of reasons: improper technology of laying sewer pipes or other elements, poor quality of the materials used or improper operation. However, all these problems can be avoided if you use generally accepted rules and know some aspects of the sewage system.

For example, often blockages in the system occur due to too sharp corners of turns or bends. It becomes much more difficult for drains to move in such places, so they need additional force, after which deposits remain on the inner surface of the pipeline. In addition, sometimes residents throw various garbage into the sewer, which is strictly forbidden to do: in the overwhelming majority of cases, solid objects get stuck at the first turn and provoke a blockage.

Conclusion

Before placing the sewer pipes correctly, you need to understand the building codes, rules and standards. If everything was done correctly, then there will be no problems with the sewer system, and it will be able to perform its functions with maximum efficiency.

In the construction of an external sewage system, the simplest (but no less important) work is the laying of sewer pipes. For those who decide to install an external sewage system on their own, it is imperative to know the features of laying pipes in the ground, as well as the principle of selecting building materials, so our article will be very useful. If you are interested in placing a pipeline in a house, you should read the article "".

Selection of materials

Through the internal sewerage system, wastewater is removed from buildings and transported through an external pipeline to treatment facilities - central or local (septic tanks). In order for your sewage system to cope with its tasks effectively, you must definitely know how to lay sewer pipes on your site.

For the construction of an external sewage system, it is advisable to use smooth orange polymer pipes:

(PE);
(PP);
(PVC).

If the installation depth is significant or the effect of a dynamic load on the sewer pipes is expected (in cases where the sewage system passes under pedestrian and motor roads), it is better to prefer corrugated two-layer pipes made of PE or PP. The connection of polymer pipes is carried out by means of fittings - adapters, couplings, bends, etc.

Most often, external sewer pipelines are constructed from orange polymer pipes with a diameter of 110 mm. Coloring pipes orange indicates their purpose - for outdoor sewerage, they are more durable and durable than gray products used in the construction of internal pipelines. Underground sewage pipes are less susceptible to corrosion, deterioration and, when laid with a correct slope, do not create blockages due to the smooth structure of the inner wall. The maximum permissible depth of such pipes in the ground is 3 m.

Pipe laying technology

Trench preparation

Having decided on the material, familiarize yourself with how to properly lay the sewer pipes. Installation of an external sewage system begins with the preparation of a trench, which can be manually dug with a shovel, or you can resort to using an excavator. The depth of the furrows depends on the depth of soil freezing in a particular area. According to SNiP P-G.3-62, the depth of laying sewer pipes is 0.5 m less than the index of the soil freezing mark and is approximately:

3 ÷ 3.5 m - in the northern regions of the Russian Federation;
2.5 ÷ 3 - in the middle lane;
1.25 ÷ 2 - on the Black Sea coast.

These figures are not definitive and may vary within certain limits depending on the terrain and the level of groundwater. However, the laying of sewer pipes in the ground should be made at least 0.5 m from the surface.

When using pipes of 110 mm diameter, recesses 0.6 m wide are dug in the soil, 0.05 m deep more than the pipe laying depth.

The trench has its own characteristics:

The bottom of the trench is leveled, the necessary slope is created, as a rule, it is 1-2 cm for each running meter of the pipeline.
After leveling the bottom, it is necessary to carefully compact the soil and arrange a cushion of gravel or sand 10-15 cm high.
A sand or gravel pad should be compacted in a section located 2 m before the manhole and at the junction of the pipeline with the inlet pipe.
Where the sockets will be located in the sewer system, pits should be formed.

Pipeline installation

The technology for laying sewer pipes looks like this:

Pipes are stacked flared down into prepared trenches.
To connect two pipes together, the socket of one and the smooth end of the other are cleaned of contamination.
The joints are lubricated with special compounds.
The pipe is inserted all the way into the socket.
All elements of the pipeline must be combined in the same way.

Pro tip:

When connecting parts of the pipeline, one pipe is inserted into the socket of the next. In order for this connection to be reliable and of good quality, it is recommended that you first measure the depth to which one pipe will enter the other and mark in the appropriate place.

If there is a conclusion in the foundation of the house, the bell of the external sewage system is supplied to it, if it is not provided, then a hole must be made. Diamond drills are ideal for this task. For the turning device, bends are used - 15, 30, or 45 0. If the length of the sewer pipeline is more than 15 m, an audit is established in such areas.

Backfilling the trench

After laying the pipes, the slope angle is checked. If everything is done correctly, the trench can be filled up. For backfilling, it is allowed to use the soil formed when digging furrows, but in this case it is necessary to remove large stones from it and break up dense blocks of soil.

Pro tip:

When backfilling, the presence of large stones and blocks of soil larger than 30 cm in the soil is not allowed - such inclusions can easily damage the sewer pipes.

The trench is gradually filled up to a height of 0.3 m, in layers of 5 cm. Each layer is well rammed on the sides of the pipe, it is forbidden to compact the place above the pipe itself.

Insulation of the pipeline

Sometimes sewer pipes need to be insulated. The need for arises when the pipeline is laid above the depth of soil freezing or at the exit from the building. In this case, stenoflex or energyflex insulation is used. The thermal insulation material is wrapped around the sewer pipes along the entire length of the pipeline and is securely fixed. At the end of the installation of the insulation, the slope is checked, and only then backfill is performed.

The best option would be to backfill the pipe with sand with a layer of 10-15 cm, which is compacted at the edges. On top of the sand, it is allowed to fill up the soil left after digging trenches.

When a partial repair of an already functioning sewer pipeline is required, it is more correct and safer to dismantle the old sewer pipes completely, and then start laying new ones. In reality, such a solution will take much less time than replacing individual elements of the sewerage system.

It's no secret that any room where people live or work must have a sewer.

But if in multi-storey buildings the process of laying sewer pipes is carried out by utilities, then having a private house, a person will have to take care of laying the sewage system himself.

In principle, laying a sewer cannot be called an extremely complex process, but it is quite laborious.

But these are the simplest processes, it is much more difficult to lay pipes in trenches, since at this stage it is necessary to adhere to certain norms and standards.

To begin with, it is worth noting that today, when planning the laying of sewers, it is best to give preference to smooth search pipes made of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene.

Sewer pipes for laying in the ground are orange in color, such pipes are characterized by increased strength, reliability and durability.

When choosing pipes, it is imperative to take into account the load level, namely, the depth of pipe laying and the presence of a carriageway above them.

If the load on the sewer system is large, then it is better to give preference to double-layer corrugated plastic pipes.

As for the diameter of the sewer pipes, all standards and norms provide for the use of pipes with a diameter of 110mm.

The maximum depth at which the sewerage can be laid is three meters.

It is very important to remember that the laying of sewer pipes in a trench is carried out using shaped parts, namely, bends, couplings, adapters, tees, and so on.

Standards for laying pipes in a trench

So, as already indicated, when laying pipes in a trench, it is necessary to adhere to established norms and standards.

The first thing to consider is the depth of the sewerage, here it is important to understand the amount of soil freezing.

In this case, the trench should be half a meter deeper than the level of soil freezing in the coldest period. For example, in the northern regions, the depth of the sewerage should be 3-3.5 meters, while in the southern regions it is enough to lay the sewerage at a depth of 1-1.5 meters.

Of course, in all cases, the indicators are individual, but you definitely need to pay attention to this, since if the sewer is not laid deep enough in the winter, it can simply freeze through.

The minimum depth of the pipeline is 0.5 meters, while the distance is calculated from the upper edge of the pipe and this must be taken into account.

When making calculations, the following example can be given: if a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is standard for the sewage system, then the trench for such a pipeline should have a width of 60 cm, and the depth should be 5 centimeters more than planned and provided by the standards.

It is also very important to properly prepare the bottom of the trench before laying the pipe.

To do this, it is necessary to level the bottom and make a slope for the sewage system, which should be 1-2 centimeters per square meter.

This is due to the fact that the increased angle of inclination can cause strong noise during the operation of the sewage system, as well as to its pollution.

Laying sewer pipes in a trench

Before laying sewer pipes in a trench, you need to figure out exactly how this process is carried out.

In order to accurately carry out this process correctly, you must follow the exact sequence of actions.

Step-by-step instruction:

dig a trench for the pipeline, its depth should take into account the climatic conditions of the region and the level of soil freezing; on average, the depth of the trench for laying the pipeline ranges from 1-1.5 m;

organize a special pillow, 10-15 centimeters high. To do this, gravel or sand must be poured at the bottom of the trench;

make pits at the locations of the sockets;

we lay the pipes, at this stage it is imperative to ensure that all pipes are laid with a socket downward from the slope, as this affects the tightness of the system;

clean the socket and the smooth edge of the pipes to be connected so that there are no solid particles and dirt, as this will again affect the tightness of the sewage system;
the connecting parts must be treated with special substances that will give them tightness. You can use silicone grease or a simple detergent to do this. It is necessary to lubricate both the socket and the smooth end of the pipes;

the smooth edge of the pipe must be inserted into the socket, here it must be taken into account that the pipe is inserted all the way, for this you first need to measure the depth of the stop and mark where the pipe is to be inserted.

According to this scheme, all parts of the sewage system are connected, while it is recommended to connect the pipeline, moving from the foundation of the house directly to the cesspool or central sewage system.

Video instruction:

If there is no outlet in the internal sewage system, then it will need to be done with diamond drills.

If the total length of the sewage system exceeds 15 meters, then it may be necessary to equip a special inspection well.

Burying the sewer

After all connections have been fastened and checked, it is imperative to recheck the angle of inclination of the pipeline. Only then can the trench be buried.

Before filling the trench, for this, the soil that was dug during its excavation is used, it is imperative to make sure that the soil is cleaned of large stones and other solid particles.

1) - fill the soil on both sides; 2) - backfilling of the trench to a height of 0.2-0.5 m; 3) - backfilling of the trench after a tightness test.

This is due to the fact that during the filling process, large solid particles can damage the pipeline and violate its integrity.

The laying of sewer pipes in the ground, the technology of which was described above, also takes into account the process of compaction of the soil. But here you need to understand that it is possible to ram the soil only on the sides of the pipe.

That is, it is strictly forbidden to ram the soil over the pipeline itself, as this can also cause damage to it.

In order for the soil to be tamped well, it is recommended to fill the sewage system gradually with separate layers of 5 centimeters and tamp the soil after each. This will not only seal it well, but also make it safer for the new pipeline.

Before filling the sewer system, it is imperative to eliminate the need for sewer insulation.

Since if you have to insulate the sewer at the stage of its use, this may entail additional costs of energy, time and money.

It is necessary to insulate the pipes if the pipeline passes above the level of freezing of the earth.

After the pipes have been wrapped with insulation, it is imperative to check the angle of inclination again, since during the process of insulation, it may be disturbed.

In this situation, backfilling is carried out only after the insulation process has been completely carried out and the angle of inclination has been checked. Backfilling after insulation is carried out using standard technology.

When planning the construction of a new house, we take into account our financial capabilities, but very often it happens that the costs are much higher than expected. There is practically no money, but not all communications have been completed yet. How to get out of this situation? You can reduce your costs if the laying of the sewer pipe in the ground and inside the house is done by yourself.

In this article, we will talk about the technology of laying sewer pipes in a closed sewage system. We'll start with a system design.

System design

When developing a project for an autonomous sewage system on a site, the following facts are taken into account:

The composition of the soil at the site.
Ground water level.
The depth of soil freezing.
Mechanical stress on the system.

The project specifies the location of all sewer drain points inside the house and in the yard, the location of the septic tank, the water intake point, the sewer pipe installation line, the turning points, the joint between the inner and outer pipes, and the installation of inspectors.

At the design stage, it is determined from which material it is better to use pipes, the need for thermal insulation work, the number of adapters, whether it is necessary to equip a drainage system.

Features of pipe laying

In order for the wastewater disposal system to operate without failure, it is necessary to take into account the factors affecting its operation:

For an autonomous sewage system, pipes with a diameter of at least 110 mm are used.
Plumbing equipment can be connected to the system with pipes with a diameter of 50 mm.
The horizontal angle of adapters and elbows should be 45 degrees.
Make the slope of the sewer pipe from the drain point to the septic tank. For a running meter of a pipe, the slope must be at least 2 cm.
For the sewage system passing through the site, inspection and inspection wells are installed.
The sewer system pipeline is insulated if it is laid above the level of soil freezing.
Silicone or special sealant is used to seal the joints.
The sewerage system starts from the point of discharge and ends with a treatment plant or wastewater receiver.
The entire system is equipped with ventilation holes to remove gas accumulations.
For laying a cast iron pipe, special equipment is needed.
Installation of the sewer pipe begins after marking the entire system on the site.

Note! If you intend to use cast iron pipes in an autonomous sewer system, you must buy pipes coated with a special anti-corrosion compound.

You can independently make a sewage system without using heavy equipment if you choose polymer or plastic pipes.

Sewer system made of polymer pipes

Many owners of country houses refuse to use cast iron pipes for the sewage system due to their heavy weight and laborious installation, choosing more modern plastic products. Lightweight pipes can be laid without additional labor. In addition, plastic has excellent strength and resistance to aggressive environments.

For the inside of the sewer, it is better to use PVC pipes. They perfectly withstand drains of different temperatures.

Note! For laying external sewerage, use polypropylene and polyethylene pipes and other system elements made of these materials.

Products perfectly withstand the pressure of the soil and its freezing, without losing shape or cracking. In addition to these characteristics, pipes and septic tanks made of polyethylene and polypropylene do not corrode and are completely sealed. The connecting parts are also made of these materials, which makes it possible to lay a high-quality drainage system pipeline.

The rules for laying the sewer line require compliance with one important condition - the absence of sharp turns and level changes. It is in these places that traffic jams are most often formed. Experts recommend installing inspectors or inspection wells in drop wells and places of turns.

Note! When installing sewer pipes, it is necessary to comply with regulations. All norms are spelled out in them, including information on the depth of the sewer installation. You will need SNiP P-G.3-62.

Mounting

All the necessary information has been thoroughly studied, the laying depth has been calculated, the required pipe diameter and adapters have been purchased, a treatment facility has been selected and now you can start the installation process.

First of all, it is necessary to dig a pit for a cesspool or septic tank in the place provided for by the project. After that, start digging trenches for laying pipes. The depth of the pit and trench must be at least 20 cm below the projected level of installation of sewage elements.

Note! The pipes perfectly withstand low temperatures, but the water in them can freeze in severe frosts. To avoid unpleasant situations, it is best to wrap the sewer pipes with heat-insulating material, and then cover them with a small layer of dry mixture. To prepare the backfill, take five parts of sand and one part of cement.

For the entire system to work well, it is important to adhere to the projected piping slope. On the flat surface of the site, the depth of the trench near the house will be less than near the septic tank. If the site has a natural slope from the house to the septic tank, it is enough just to dig a trench of the same depth along the entire length of the pipeline.

Note! On a site with a steep slope, it is best to divide the sewage system into several compartments with different levels, installing distribution or drop wells. If you do not slow down the movement by the drain, the destruction of the cesspool or septic tank is possible.

The bottom of the dug trench must be well tamped and covered with a layer of sand or crushed stone of the middle fraction. The depth of pipe laying in the trench can be completely different. With high groundwater, the pipe and deep freezing of the soil, they dig a deep trench, and the pipe is laid in it as high as possible. With low groundwater, the pipe is laid in the center of the trench or closer to the bottom.

Check pipes for debris before laying. Clean the pipes well if necessary. Installation of sewer pipes begins from the drain points in the house, leading one pipe to the street. Then from the house, pipes are laid in the direction of a septic tank or a cesspool, attaching other branches from street drains along the way.

Note! Remember to use silicone grease or seal rings when connecting the two pipes. Install inspectors in the places where the pipe branches and turns.

The pipes are connected as tightly as possible with force pushing until they stop. When the pipes are fully connected and laid, it is necessary to carefully wrap them with any thermal insulation material. In addition to inspectors and inspection wells, install a ventilation pipe near the house. If the sewer line is long, one or two more pipes can be installed. The drain pit or septic tank must have its own ventilation.

Note! Take your time to fill up the system right away. First make a test drain of the water. He will show you how well the pipe laying work was carried out.

If all is well, first fill the sewer line with a 15 cm layer of sand and cement, and then with soil. Inspectors and inspection wells must be at least 20 cm above the soil level.

Now you have all the information on how to lay a pipe underground so that the sewer system works without failures. In addition to the material presented, we recommend watching a video about laying sewer pipes on your own. If you made the sewer system yourself, share your experience with our readers by leaving comments on the article.

Video

Watch the video about the installation of the sewer system:

Watch a video about laying an external sewage system:

Installation of water supply communications in open ground requires knowledge of some of the features of this type of work and the requirements of SNiP. Consider how to lay sewer pipes in the ground with your own hands, how to calculate their slope and choose high-quality material.

Features of laying sewage in the ground

Drainage of water in the ground is necessary to ensure the discharge of the used liquid into the sewers. In these engineering structures of the system, wastewater is cleaned and filtered, and, depending on the structure of the sewer system, it is reused or taken out of the site.

The technology of laying sewer pipes in the ground requires paying increased attention to the materials of water supply communications and the principle of their installation. In particular, the slope plays an important role. The SNiP indicates that the slope is two centimeters for each running meter of the pipeline.

Materials

Sewer pipes must have the following qualities:

To be durable with temperature drops;
Be resistant to chemically aggressive media, including acid waste and chlorine (which is commonly used for drinking water purification);
Have a long service life (on average 20-25 years).

For the manufacture of sewer pipes, plastic, cast iron, asbestos cement, ceramics and fiberglass are mainly used. Asbestos-cement and concrete pipes are known for their durability, but they are almost impossible to install with your own hands. Due to the large mass, special lifting devices and mechanisms are used for their installation, therefore they are mainly used for organizing sewage in multi-storey buildings.

Ceramics are not only heavy, but also subject to deterioration due to temperature extremes. In addition, ceramic piping is very fragile and does not withstand shock loads. They are now practically not used, since there are more practical materials.

Photo: ceramic sewer pipes

Cast iron pipes are relatively light when compared to concrete or ceramic pipes, but have a low service life. The mineral compounds present in the water are deposited on the metal, so over time the pipes become clogged. Also, during severe frosts, water freezes in them, which can cause a violation of the sealing of the sewer pipeline.

The most practical are plastic pipes. There are several types of material that is used for laying sewers:

Polyvinyl chloride or PVC;
Polyethylene is PE;
Polypropylene or PP.

Conventionally, to make it easier to distinguish pipes for external sewage and laying in the ground, SNiP established color differences: orange communications are used for installation in the ground. They are characterized by a smoother surface inside and thick walls that can carry heavy loads.

Photo: corrugated PVC pipes

When choosing plastic pipes, you need to pay attention to the calculated construction project. It necessarily indicates the depth of installation of communications. The deeper the sewage system is planned, the stronger the building materials should be. Experts recommend using corrugated polypropylene or polyethylene pipes. To connect them, you need to buy couplings, bends, splitters from the same material.

How to make

When you have developed a construction project and selected a suitable material, you need to start the installation of communications. Correctly laying sewer pipes with your own hands in the ground is a rather difficult task, but the cost of the work is much less than when ordering professional services. The first step is to dig a trench. It also needs to take into account the slope on the ground. To accurately determine this value, a string is pulled along the entire length of the pipeline, along which the running meter and the level of inclination are measured.

It is very important to correctly determine the depth of the trench. This indicator directly depends on the level of soil freezing in a particular region. According to SNiP, this indicator in various bands of Russia has the following value:

In the north, up to 4 meters;
In middle latitudes - up to 3 meters;
Closer to the coast - up to two, in some places even up to one and a half.

But at the same time, regardless of the data of their geological sources, pipes must be laid no closer than half a meter from the earth's surface. Otherwise, if the soil subsides, damage to the pipeline is likely. In addition to freezing, you should also be interested in the presence of groundwater. These natural sources can damage the drainage system outside.

Schematic: sewerage project

A trench for a sewer pipeline in the ground must have the following qualities:

Be half a meter wider than the diameter of the selected pipe. For example, if you are using material with a cross section of 100 mm, then the trench should be at least 600 mm in size. This is necessary for the comfortable work of the builder in it;
Trench depth is pipe diameter + 5 mm;
The bottom of the pit is carefully compacted, insulated and protected from waste water from the ground. To do this, you will need to cover it with a layer of clay and sand. Asbestos is also often used to create monolithic joints;
According to the drawing, determine the places where the sewage treatment wells and sockets will be located, and dig pits there;
Dig a trench immediately, taking into account the slope.

When the sewer line is ready, you need to start installing the pipes. Installation must begin directly from the room where the entrance to the water supply channels is located. The pipes must be installed with the socket downwards - this will help when connecting them.