The sewerage system is subject to wear and tear and needs to be replaced over time. Products made of polyvinyl chloride on the plumbing market have shown themselves on the positive side and will soon replace outdated cast-iron equipment.
Types of PVC pipes
Polyvinyl chloride is an innovative material used for the manufacture of pipes and fittings. It is used for internal and external sewerage, gravity drainage, pressure communications, etc.
When laying sewer lines, they rely on the recommendations of manufacturers: PVC products for internal sewerage are exclusively gray, and for external equipment - orange.
Sewer pipes and fittings
The use of PVC products for indoor use and a wide range of fittings allow you to create lines of any configuration. Their strength and reliability will cope with the stresses arising in pipeline networks. However, this type is categorically inapplicable for outdoor use as it is not rigid enough.
External PVC pipes should not be used inside the house, as they are unstable to high temperatures. The sphere of their operation is external communication highways. The diameter of the pipes is 100-150 mm, which makes it possible to drain sewage from different buildings. Wall thickness is a major factor in strength and durability.
With regard to the area of application, PVC sewer pipes are divided into:
- SN-2 is a lightweight version, it is operated on sections with low loads, in particular, in residential areas and when laying household communications systems in the room.
- SN-4 - a compacted version, used when laying sewer mains under highways, where there is a moderate traffic load;
- SN-8 is a heavy-duty version designed for urban sewers and for areas with a high level of traffic.
Types of sewer fittings When assembling PVC sewers, shaped products occupy an important place:
- crosses and tees used for wiring;
- turn signals, due to which the direction changes;
- reducers designed to connect sewer pipes of different diameters, made of PVC;
- nozzles - allow to reduce the effect of linear expansion on communications;
- couplings, plugs, revisions, clamps, etc.
It should be borne in mind: the fewer bends, the more economical the installation, while the design will be more practical.
Important! When laying the pipeline with your own hands, the price will consist not only of the cost of the main material, but also of auxiliary elements, and it is much higher than the price of a PVC pipe.
Advantages and disadvantages of PVC products
PVC equipment has a number of advantages over metal equipment:
- not subject to corrosion;
- has smooth walls that prevent the formation of precipitation;
- does not conduct electricity;
- is not a source of harmful substances;
- susceptible to temperature extremes;
- long service life;
- ease of assembly and installation;
- affordable price.
Like any other equipment, PVC systems have weaknesses:
- PVC products used at temperatures below 15˚С require thermal insulation;
- low level of thermal conductivity;
- it is not recommended to use PVC pipes in places where the operating temperature is higher than 60˚С;
- the presence of damage reduces the service life and resistance to stress.
Sewer insulation Important! PVC pipes located in the apartment do not need an insulating coating. With external laying of communications, it is necessary to insulate and insulate the pipeline.
Specifications of PVC pipes
Length, diameter and wall thickness are the main parameters according to which the dimensions of PVC pipes are determined. The table below shows the standard sizes of PVC sewer pipes and their prices.
Sewerage type | External ⌀, mm | Internal ⌀, mm | Length, mm | Min wall thickness, mm | Average lumen index, mm | Max wall thickness, mm | Price, rub / m |
| Internal | 32,0 | 30,0 | from 300 | 1,0 | 28,4 | 1,8 | from 24.0 |
| 40,0 | 38,0 | 1,0 | 36,4 | 1,8 | from 29.0 | ||
| 50,0 | 47,4 | 1,3 | 46,4 | 1,8 | from 51.0 | ||
| 75,0 | 71,2 | 1,9 | 70,4 | 2,3 | from 130.0 | ||
| 90,0 | 85,6 | 2,2 | 84,4 | 2,8 | from 199.0 | ||
| 110,0 | 104,6 | 2,7 | 103,2 | 3,4 | from 606.0 | ||
| External | 125,0 | 118,6 | from 1200 | 3,2 | 117,2 | 3,9 | from 229.0 |
| 160,0 | 153,6 | 3,2 | 150,2 | 4,9 | from 2300.0 | ||
| 200,0 | 192,2 | 3,9 | 187,6 | 6,2 | from 3800.0 | ||
| 250,0 | 240,2 | 4,9 | 234,6 | 7,7 | from 4300.0 | ||
| 315,0 | 302,6 | 6,2 | 295,6 | 9,7 | from 3500.0 | ||
| 400,0 | 384,6 | 7,7 | 375,4 | 12,3 | from 10000.0 | ||
| 500,0 | 480,4 | 9,8 | 469,4 | 15,3 | from 14900.0 | ||
| 630,0 | 605,4 | 12,3 | 591,4 | 19,3 | from 27700.0 | ||
| 800,0 | 769,2 | 15,4 | 751,0 | 24,5 | from 33,000.0 | ||
| 1000,0 | 960,8 | 19,6 | 938,8 | 30,6 | from 71400.0 | ||
| 1200,0 | 1151,0 | 24,5 | 1126,8 | 36,6 | From 92300.0 |
Washer tap In accordance with building codes, PVC pipe diameters are used:
- 25 cm - for washing machines;
- from 30 cm to 47 cm - for sinks;
- 50 cm - for wiring communications in the room;
- from 70 cm to 86 cm - layering from the riser;
- from 100 cm to 118 cm - for the toilet;
- from 150 cm to 190 cm - a segment from the riser to city utilities;
- 200 cm - drainage water outlet;
- from 240 cm to 300 cm - drainage from reservoirs, swimming pools, jacuzzi;
- from 300 cm to 1100 cm - urban sewerage systems.
Note! When laying the sewer system, you should adhere to the requirements of SNiP, otherwise waste stagnation promises very unpleasant consequences.
Flare connection An important role in the conduct and installation of the sewage system is assigned to the socket, the main purpose of which is a quick and tight connection. Below is a table showing the standard socket sizes.
Nominal ⌀ pipe, cm | Internal ⌀ socket, | Socket length, cm | Mounting length, cm | ||
| Elongated | Normal | Elongated | Normal |
||
| 63,0 | 63,1 | 36,1 | 22,8 | 24,2 | 22,8 |
| 50,0 | 50,1 | 32,3 | 20,0 | 21,2 | 20,0 |
| 40,0 | 40,1 | 29,1 | 17,8 | 18,8 | 17,8 |
| 31,5 | 31,6 | 27,2 | 15,8 | 17,1 | 15,8 |
| 25,0 | 25,1 | 26,5 | 12,5 | 16,7 | 12,5 |
| 20,0 | 20,1 | 22,6 | 9,0 | 13,3 | 9,0 |
| 16,0 | 16,1 | 21,4 | 7,4 | 12,3 | 7,4 |
| 11,0 | 11,1 | 20,1 | 5,8 | 11,3 | 5,8 |
Main parameters of PVC sewer pipes
The weight of a PVC product depends on the wall thickness and diameter. However, this indicator will be several times less than that of metal identical in parameters. At the same time, manufacturers are trying to reduce the material consumption of the product without losing strength. Detailed information on the weight of one running meter of PVC sewer pipe can be found in the table below.
| diameter, mm | SN-4 | SN-8 |
| Weight, gr | Weight, gr | |
| 160 | 1830 | 2300 |
| 200 | 2900 | 3400 |
| 250 | 5000 | 5900 |
| 315 | 7900 | 9500 |
| 400 | 12800 | 15300 |
| 500 | 19600 | 24700 |
In addition to the above, selected information about pressure relative to wall thickness can be found by looking at the table below.
| Diameter, mm | Minimum wall thickness | ||||
| Series, S | |||||
| 12,5 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 8 | |
| Pressure PN, atm | |||||
| PN-8 (atm) | PN-6 (atm) | PN-10 (atm) | PN-20 (atm) | PN-12.5 (atm) | |
| 630 | 2,4675 | 1,9740 | 2,9610 | 5,7246 | 3,7506 |
| 315 | 1,4805 | 1,4805 | 1,5792 | 2,8623 | 1,8753 |
| 900 | 3,4545 | 2,7636 | 4,2441 | 8,0934 | 5,3298 |
| 400 | 1,5792 | 1,4805 | 1,8753 | 3,6519 | 2,3688 |
| 750 | 2,8623 | 2,2701 | 3,5532 | 6,7116 | 4,4415 |
| 500 | 1,9740 | 1,5792 | 2,3688 | 4,5402 | 2,9610 |
Important! When purchasing a PVC pipe for sewage, it is worth requesting a quality certificate to compare the declared and real values of the product.
PVC Pipe Buying Guide
The huge variety of PVC pipes often puts the buyer in a difficult position, thereby complicating the choice. Before purchasing, it is necessary to carefully study the technical and physical properties of the product and determine in what conditions it will be used.
Terms of use - Strength. Sagging can occur in long sections of the pipeline. This phenomenon can occur when low density PVC pipes are used. In such situations, special brackets are recommended.
- Terms of use. The time of using the sewage system can be significantly reduced in cases where the operating conditions are violated; for example, when corrosive particles appear in the pipeline.
- The length of the highway. Before designing the sewage system, it is necessary to make accurate measurements in accordance with the linear characteristics of PVC pipes, it is better to use solid ones on straight long sections.
- Diameter. On sections of the sewer main, pipes of one section or another are used. So, for drainage in the bathroom, products with a diameter of 50 mm are used, and when docked to the central riser - 100 mm.
PVC pipes are reliable and practical, therefore they are the leader in the sanitary ware market. Before installing the sewage system, you should carefully study the technical characteristics and requirements for the operating conditions, the observance of which can significantly increase the service life.
When installing sewer systems, two types of pipes are used - cast iron and. The size of these products is regulated by the Technical Conditions (TU). The standard size, namely the diameter, ranges from 50 to 110 mm.
There are products with a larger or smaller diameter. From this article you will learn the main parameters that PVC and cast iron products have.
They are produced in accordance with TU 2248-022-23208482-02, which allows you to choose an option for any system.
What are the pipes for sewage
Today, sewer systems are made of two types of pipes: plastic and metal. Plastic can be of three types, from:
- PVC - polyvinyl chloride;
- PP - polypropylene;
- PET - polyethylene.
Dignity
- Resistant to chemicals such as acids, alkalis, solvents.
- Durability - they can be buried in the ground to a depth of 16 meters.
- Smooth inner surface to prevent plaque build-up on the inside.
- Light weight - the weight of one meter with a diameter of 110 mm will be only 1.5 kilograms.
Metal sewer pipes cannot boast of a large selection of materials; they are produced only from cast iron.
Advantages of cast iron pipes
- Durability - the service life of cast iron products exceeds 60 years.
- Durability - they allow you to install a riser of almost any length.
- Uncomplicated installation - the products have a socket, which simplifies installation.
Of course they are very heavy, but this is compensated by their colossal strength.
After familiarizing yourself with the properties of the two types of pipes, you can proceed to their dimensions.
Sizes of plastic pipes
As mentioned above, there are three types of plastic pipes: PVC, PP, PET. They differ from each other in both basic and technical characteristics.
And only the sizes remain standard, regardless of the type. Thus, in one system, it is allowed to use several types from different materials.
Size and application of PVC pipes
PVC pipes are manufactured in accordance with GOST R 51613 - 2000 and VSN 48 - 96. Pressure pipelines are regulated by GOST, and non-pressure building codes (VSN).
In accordance with building regulations, free-flow pipes have three diameters - 50 mm, 90 mm, 110 mm. The wall thickness is 3.2 mm, the length is 0.5 - 8 m.
Pressure heads differ significantly from their free-flow counterparts. The number of standard sizes is 13 pieces, and the diameter varies from 63 mm to 315 mm.
However, despite such a large assortment of plastic pipes, not all are in demand. The most commonly used options are:
- Apart from the most popular 100 and 110 mm options, then 75 mm pipes are very popular. They are used as outlets from bathtubs and showers.
- Pipes with a diameter of 100 and 110 mm are used for the construction of risers and the installation of external pipelines.
- 200 and 300 mm pipe is used for the installation of industrial sewerage.
Sewer pipes PET
Polyethylene pipes are produced in accordance with the regulations of GOST 22689.2-89, and have only 4 varieties of assortment. The diameter is 40, 50, 90 or 110 millimeters. If the pipe is made of low pressure polyethylene, then its wall thickness will be only 3 mm.
High-pressure PET pipes are produced with a smaller diameter, and the wall thickness is: 3 mm for pipes with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm, and 5 mm for a diameter of 90 - 110 mm. The length can vary from 2 to 9 meters, and this depends directly on the diameter of the product. The larger the diameter, the greater the length of the segment.
Polypropylene pipe
Internal pipes made of propylene are manufactured in accordance with TU 4926-002-88742502-00. In accordance with these conditions, their diameters can be 50, 100 and 150 mm, and the wall thickness from 3 to 5 mm, depending on the diameter. Polypropylene products are used both for risers and for outlet lines from plumbing fixtures.
There are also more dimensional polypropylene analogs that are used for laying external drains. For example, the products of the well-known brands Pragma and Korsis can have a diameter of 110 mm to 1.2 meters.
Dimensions of cast iron sewer pipes
By functionality, they are divided into two types:
- SMU - there is no detachable connection, i.e. both ends are smooth;
- SME - equipped with a bell at one end, smooth at the other.
The size is characterized by the inner diameter, for example: marking DN 100 means that the inside diameter is 100 mm, and the outside will already be 110 mm. The standard markings for cast iron pipes are from DN 50 to DN 400. Pipes without sockets, with smooth ends, have increased strength and are produced in lengths of 3 m, and ordinary split pipes can be from 15 cm and more.
The wall thickness of cast iron pipes practically does not differ from plastic ones and is 4 - 5 mm. But despite the same dimensions - length, diameter and wall thickness, the mass of metal and plastic products differs significantly. So, for example, 1 meter of a cast-iron pipe with a diameter of 100 mm weighs 14 kg, and a plastic analogue of the same dimensions will have a mass of no more than 1.5 kg.
In the table below, you can familiarize yourself with the recommended values for the diameter of plastic pipes for conducting or. All the given data are indicative in nature and may change up or down, depending on the technical characteristics of plumbing fixtures or the sewer system.
So, today it has become much easier to mount the sewer system, the main thing is to purchase pipes and accessories strictly in accordance with the design parameters.
Video: Sewer pipe dimensions
Have you ever wondered what caused the great demand for PVC sewer pipes?
The thing is that they are easy to install, easy to use and, most importantly, inexpensive.
The modern market offers a wide range of materials with which a sewage system can be equipped.
And in order to make the right choice, you need to have at least minimal knowledge about their characteristics.
Purpose of PVC pipes and main characteristics
The scope of application of this material depends on its physical properties. It does not hurt to find out that polyvinyl chloride is one of the representatives of the group of thermoplastics, which, after heat treatment and even under mechanical stress, retain their shape and integrity. Ethylene, stabilized chlorine and additives to improve properties are also used in the pipe production process.
The main purpose of PVC pipes is to use them in the sewage system. Depending on their thickness, the scope of use and, accordingly, the type is determined. This could be:
- internal sewerage:
- outdoor;
- pressure system;
- gravity drain.
Plastic pipes: orange - for external sewerage, gray - for internal
This classification applies to those models that have undergone appropriate processing. The unplasticized PVC-U polyvinyl chloride has the best technical characteristics.
The performance properties directly depend on the technical characteristics. As for PVC pipes, they are characterized by the following indicators:
- a high level of mechanical strength, moreover, a three-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation allows it to be installed deeply;
- resistance to the negative influence of an aggressive environment;
- ideally smooth wall from the inside, which prevents the retention of solid elements;
- high internal pressure, minimum 6 bar and maximum 16;
- the highest temperature of effluent, which is allowed, is +65 degrees Celsius, and the minimum is -10 degrees. There are models that can withstand +90 degrees, but if this happens for a short time;
- specific weight of 2 kg per linear meter (the indicator varies depending on the thickness and diameter);
- the tensile strength is 50 MPa, and the service life is about 50 years.
Features of the diameter and size of the sewer pipe
PVC sewer pipe diameter
D is the outer diameter of the pipe; Dy is the inner diameter of the pipe; Dр - outer diameter of the socket; Lр is the length of the socket; L is the length of the pipe without socket; L1 = L + Lp
PVC sewer pipe diameter is the main parameter when choosing them, and it does not depend on whether the drainage system is being equipped with an internal or external one. It is worth noting that different pipe sizes mean that they are designed for different tasks. Do not forget that the device of the sewer system will be light and correct if you choose the correct size.
According to the table, a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm with a slope of 1.3 cm should be used to drain from the bath, then:
- shower - diameter 40 mm, slope 1.48 cm;
- toilet bowl - 100 mm / 1.2 cm;
- sink - 40 mm / 1.12 cm;
- bidet - 30-40 mm / 1.2 cm;
- sink - 30-40 mm / 1.36 cm;
- combined drain - 50 mm / 1.8 cm;
- central riser - 100 mm;
- bends from the riser - 65-75 mm.
The parameters of the pipeline include:
- external diameter;
- inner diameter;
- conditional passage - means an internal section;
- nominal cross-section.
PVC Sewer Pipe Size Chart
The table will help you understand what the sizes of PVC sewer pipes are. You can see it below:
Sizes of PVC sewer pipes - Table 1
The dimensions of pipes for external sewage are not regulated in any way, the only recommendation is that its diameter should not be inferior to the size of the circumference of the external line. For example, in private houses, pipes of 110-250 mm in diameter can be used, and in systems of intensive load even more (about 400 mm).
Sizes of PVC sewer pipes - Table 2
The thickness of the material is also of great importance in operation; it depends on the stiffness class to which the pipe belongs. If we talk about the thickness of the walls, then there are no specific standards for arranging an internal sewage system, but at the same time, it is not advisable to use pipes thinner than 1.8 mm in gravity systems.
How to choose the optimal diameter of the sewer pipes?
Of course, the presence of PVC pipes of different sizes can be considered an advantage, but for those who come across them for the first time, certain difficulties may arise when choosing. To avoid misunderstandings, it is important to know that:
- the diameter of the horizontal pipe cannot be less than the riser through which the waste water flows. This can cause blockages;
- horizontal connections are mounted only using oblique tees and corners, this prevents unnecessary clogging;
- without fail, at each turn, an audit must be installed, which is a special hole for cleaning. In multi-storey buildings, they are installed every 3 floors. Even if the section is long (more than 12 m) and deaf, revision still does not hurt;
- the optimal slope of the sewer pipe is 1.2 cm;
- cutting not too wide hollow objects is quite simple with a hacksaw or grinder.
How to choose a diameter? If you use a pipe for draining a dishwasher or washing machine, then its circumference should be 25 mm, and if it is a siphon or shower cabin, then 32 mm. On average, sewer pipes installed inside the apartment should be 40-50 mm. For outdoor use, hollow objects of circular cross-section with a diameter of 160-200 mm are used.
Methods for joining PVC pipes depending on their diameter
If the pipe circumference does not exceed 63 mm, then the following connection technologies are allowed for their connection:
- socket welding - the principle is to place a smaller object in one that is larger;
- socket welding - an additional part in the form of a socket is used.
Some models have threaded connections and require flare fittings to use them.
In the case of pipes over 63 mm in diameter, the butt welding method is used. No couplings are needed here, however, the reliability of the connection is in no way inferior to similar methods.
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In the last decade, plastic pipes for sewage have become ubiquitous. The reason for their popularity lies in the presence of the advantages of these products with a small number of disadvantages.
Advantages of plastic sewer pipes
Among the advantages of plastic products, it should be noted:- low weight - for this reason, it is easy to create a sewer system using such pipes, since, if necessary, they can be easily moved, transported over long distances. Even a pipe 2 meters long can be mounted by one person, he obviously cannot cope with a cast-iron product;
- ease of installation - plastic is cut without problems and is easily connected;
- durability - plastic products for sewage are resistant to aggressive environments, corrosion, high degree of humidity, so they can last for a long time. The manufacturers of these products usually give them a 50-year warranty. As practice has shown, the service life of sewer plastic pipes is much longer;
- resistance to blockages - the fact is that their inner surface has almost no roughness, so dirt is deposited on it slowly. As a result, blockages are rare. After the installation is completed, cleaning will not be required soon;
- immunity to temperature changes - there are plastic pipes for outdoor sewage on sale that withstand frosty weather well.
- noisy operation - the sewer system made of plastic products makes noise during operation. This negative point is especially clearly manifested in apartment buildings, where drainage outlets from several apartments are connected to one riser;
- intolerance to high temperatures - the operating temperature of these products is from 40 to 90 degrees. In the case when the temperature of the drains exceeds these parameters, most types of plastic pipes soften. This disadvantage is not considered significant, since the temperature of the waste water is not so high.
Types of plastic for sewer pipes
Types of plastic pipes for sewage differ in the material of manufacture.
- resistance to active chemicals;
- immunity to low temperatures (if they decrease, polyethylene does not lose its physical properties, while the presence of an ice plug will only stretch the product, and after the ice melts, the pipe takes on its original size);
- the presence of a slippery surface - nothing sticks to it;
- this material softens at low temperatures (even the most durable products become soft at +80 degrees);
- working pressure equal to 2.5 - 16 atmospheres.
- resistant to alkaline media, most acids and mineral oils;
- depending on the brand of products with a density of 1.35 to 1.43 g / cm³;
- hardly flammable (polyvinyl chloride begins to decompose at a temperature of 120 degrees, while releasing hydrogen chloride);
- poor electrical conductivity;
- stiffness and elasticity, but impact can damage PVC;
- deformation at a temperature of more than +70 degrees;
- working pressure 6 - 46 atmospheres.
But there are also sewer pipes on sale made of this material, which is different:
- low weight - it is lighter than other types of plastics;
- density equal to 0, 91 g / cm³;
- abrasion resistance (polypropylene pipes are able to withstand drains with abrasive fractions);
- softening temperature, which is 140 degrees above zero, melting temperature - 180 degrees;
- susceptibility to prolonged exposure to highly concentrated acids;
- the ability to collapse at temperatures less than 5 degrees below zero, so the ice plug will destroy the system;
- working pressure of about 20 atmospheres;
- welding method of connection.
Metal-polymer products (PEX pipes). These products are characterized by strength and durability. This material is three-layer: polyethylene - aluminum - polyethylene. Due to the presence of a metal layer, the strength of the pipes is increased.
This material has the following features:
- working temperature is from +40 to + 95 degrees;
- just cuts and bends;
- has high heat-reflecting and anti-corrosion parameters;
- the diameter of plastic sewer pipes of this type is 16-63 millimeters and therefore they are usually used when installing an internal sewer system.
The choice of plastic pipes for sewage
Since the sewer system is internal and external, when sewer pipes are made - different plastic is used for them.The choice depends on the requirements for waste disposal.
The external version of the sewer network is characterized by the following indicators:
- high strength, since soil pressure will be exerted on the structure;
- its throughput must ensure the timely discharge of wastewater;
- resistance to corrosion and temperature changes;
- reliability of connection of individual elements.
When pipes are chosen, their parameters are taken into account:
- the inner diameter of plastic pipes for sewage is considered one of the most important characteristics, due to which the unhindered drainage of wastewater at a certain point in the system is ensured;
- external diameter;
- wall thickness (affects the strength of the pipe);
- type of plastic.
Stiffness of the plastic pipe
Such parameter of plastic pipes as strength is different for internal and external systems.In order to distinguish them, manufacturers paint products in different colors (see photo):
- in light brown - pipes for arranging internal sewage;
- in orange-brown - for an external network.
- SN 2 - products are intended for laying a pipeline in areas where the movement of vehicles is absent or limited;
- SN 4 - products are used in areas with constant moderate vehicle traffic;
- SN 8 - this class of products is used in areas with intensive movement of heavy and light vehicles.
Dimensions and diameter of plastic sewer pipes
Sewer pipe manufacturers must indicate their outer diameter and wall thickness. Plumbing professionals need to know the inner diameter for installation work. To determine it, the wall thickness is subtracted from the outer diameter.
Sewerage plastic pipes have different sizes depending on their purpose.
Features of installation and operation
- Since plastic is a lightweight and thin material, it cannot absorb vibration and acoustic vibrations. This problem is solved by placing the pipeline in a special box or foam shell.
- When connecting a pipe with a socket, chamfer from the outside and clean the burrs from the inside. If this is not done, a blockage will form in places where there are irregularities in the pipeline.
- When joining system elements, you need to use a lubricant - for example, glycerin, grease.
- To fix plastic pipes at a certain angle of inclination, plastic latches and clamps are used.
- The neck of each of the pipes is fixed with a clamp, especially when installing the expansion pipe, since the O-rings will obviously not be enough.
- Hangers and clamps should be located on horizontal sections of the network every 50 centimeters.
- The external pipeline is buried under dirt roads by more than 50 centimeters or hidden in a reinforced concrete box.
- With an increased load on the ground, a corrugated plastic sewer pipe is used.
They clean plastic pipes with a plumbing cable with a rubber tip or, if a blockage occurs, disassemble a section of the pipeline.
PVC sewer pipes have come to replace metal products. Different sections of the sewage system need pipes of different sizes. A suitable choice can be made, knowing the throughput and characteristics of the sewer pipeline.
Peculiarities
For the arrangement of drainage, pipe structures made of polyvinyl chloride are often used, displacing cast iron and steel. Plastic sewer pipes are made of PVC and PVC. The material contains vinyl chloride and additional additives. High strength properties allow the use of non-plasticized PVC for the organization of the pipeline with pressure.
Sewer pipes are designed to drain waste water from the water supply drain, for the installation of a drainage channel, installation of indoor and outdoor sewerage. The use of PVC products for the sewage system is justified due to the technical characteristics of the material. The long service life of the sewer pipelines will allow the system to operate for up to 50 years. The tensile strength reaches 50 MPa, so the street section of the sewage system will withstand the laying to the depth of soil freezing. The pipeline is capable of operating at pressures ranging from 6 to 16 bar.
The use of PVC pipes for sewerage has the following advantages:
- A variety of sizes and shapes of pipes and fittings will make it possible to assemble a sewage system of any complexity.
- Smooth inner walls do not allow sewage drains to settle, preventing the formation of blockages in a small diameter and preventing deposits from overgrowing the pipe passage.
- Low weight of products and ease of cutting means quick and easy assembly and disassembly without additional tools.
- Inert to chemicals and corrosive effects.
- Affordable price of pipeline elements.
Operating temperature range from -10 to +65 degrees. At -18 degrees, polyvinyl chloride becomes brittle. The material is resistant to softening during short-term heating up to +90 degrees.
Dimensions (edit)
Plastic sewer pipe elements are produced in accordance with GOST 51613-2000. Dimensions of PVC pipes are determined by such indicators as length, outer diameter, inner diameter of the socket, bore diameter, wall thickness. Outside diameter assumes the nominal size of the product. The capacity depends on the bore diameter.
The wall thickness determines the strength of the pipeline, what kind of load the pipe structure can withstand.
According to the strength class, they are classified:
- lightweight SN2 structures with a wall thickness of less than 2.3 mm are able to withstand loads up to 630 Pa;
- medium-weight SN4 with walls from 2.5 to 12.3 mm dependent on the diameter, cope with pressures from 600 to 800 Pa;
- heavy SN8 pipes with a wall thickness of 3.2 to 15.3 mm, varying from diameter, withstand pressures from 800 to 1000 Pa.
The sewer pipeline, capable of withstanding pressure up to 1.6 MPa, is made of unplasticized PVC with a wall thickness of 0.5 to 1.9 cm. It is used for laying at great depths, under highways, in pressure sewer systems.
Sewer pipes are subdivided depending on the place of installation. The external and internal drainage system is distinguished. For the arrangement of the internal sewage system, gray pipes are used. Standard diameters are 32, 40, 50, 75, 110 and 160 mm. The wall thickness is not designed for high load, varies from 1 to 3.2 mm. The length can be 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 meters.
The external drain pipes are orange. Depending on the amount of waste water, diameters of 110, 125, 160, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 500 mm are produced. The size of the wall starts from 3 mm, the length varies from 1.2 to 3 m. For the arrangement of urban sewage systems, a diameter of 200 mm is used.
Depending on the pressure to which the walls of the pipeline are exposed, a pressure and non-pressure sewer system is distinguished. For internal gravity sewage, pipes with a wall thickness of 1.8 to 3 mm are taken. For a street pipeline with a gravity drain, products are produced with a wall size from 3.2 mm with a diameter of 11 cm to 1.2 cm with an outer diameter of 50 cm.
A pressure sewerage system with pumping equipment requires increased strength characteristics. Plastic pressure pipes are made of unplasticized PVC with a greater thickness. The table shows the possible wall parameters depending on the tested pressure from 800 Pa to 1.6 MPa.
In addition to the smooth-walled PVC pipeline, a corrugated pipe is produced. It is characterized by increased rigidity and different diameters. Small diameter gray corrugation, used for draining waste water from washing machines, drying machines, dishwashers. Double-layer corrugated pipe structures of large diameter from 11 to 120 cm are used for laying to a depth of 15 m with high mechanical stress. The table represents the dimensional form of the corrugated pipes.
Outside diameter, mm | Inner diameter, mm | Corrugation protrusion step, mm |
The inner side of the corrugated pipe is made with a smooth wall to prevent the accumulation of solid particles, and the outer surface is embossed. They are used for the arrangement of sewerage systems in multi-storey housing construction, industrial production, social and public facilities.
How to choose?
When selecting the optimal size of PVC sewer pipes, the main parameter is calculated - the estimated volume of wastewater that passes through the pipeline. In a private household, the amount of fluid discharged depends on the number of people living. The more drainage points are located in the house, the wider the downpipe. External sewerage cannot be less than 11 cm in diameter. For internal wiring in an apartment, it is enough to choose small-diameter sewer pipes up to 7.5 cm. When draining waste water into a riser, the size of the circle should not be less than the diameter of the common line. For buildings with five floors and below, this figure is 11 cm, if there are more floors, then the diameter reaches 16–20 cm.
Common sense is used to select the optimum pipe size at the various outlet points. It is not necessary to install a cumbersome sewer network with high throughput in low-rise buildings and apartments. Efficiency will increase slightly, while the cost and area of placement will increase significantly.
Sewerage pipes are selected according to the following criteria:
- by diameter;
- by wall thickness;
- along the length of the free end.
The internal section size or diameter determines the discharge load into the sewer system. Each drainage point of sewage water assumes the use of a diameter of up to 50 mm. The drain hole for the toilet requires a diameter of at least 10 cm, since solid particles go into the drain. In a private house, a pipe with a diameter of 110-200 mm is suitable for arranging an external sewage system. For sewerage from a multi-storey building, the cross-sectional diameter must be more than 20 cm. The size of the outlet to the sewer well in the courtyard can be 30-50 cm.
The wall thickness determines the strength class of the structure. The thickness must be selected according to the expected load on the pipeline. Lightweight pipes with walls 1.2–2.2 mm are suitable for installation in gravity drainage systems with minimal stress in domestic sewers. Usually the diameter of such pipes does not exceed 11 cm. They can be installed to drain sewage from the kitchen and bathroom in apartments and private houses. Pipes should be freely accessible or covered with a box.
Pipes with strength class SN4 are the most common, used for indoor and outdoor sewerage. The minimum diameter for pipes is 5 cm with a wall of 2.6 mm. For a diameter of 11 cm, the thickness is 3.2 mm. Medium pipes are installed for a common house riser and outlet to an external drain. Such pipes are also used in external gravity sewerage systems in private and multi-apartment construction.
For a pressure sewer system, heavy pipes of class SN8 and higher are used. To accurately determine the wall thickness, you need to familiarize yourself with the pump power and what pressure it exerts on the system. The minimum wall thickness with a diameter of 9 cm is 3 mm, the maximum is 6.6 mm.
The selection of the pipe length depends on the length of the pipeline in different sections. The smallest section for internal sewerage is 30 cm. The length can be easily changed independently, depending on the configuration of the pipeline. To get a smooth cut of the desired length, use a hacksaw from the tools. For external sewage with straight sections, pipes with a length of 1.5 to 3 m are often used. The fewer connecting elements in the installation section, the stronger and more rigid the pipeline structure.
When choosing the size of sewer pipes, you can be guided by sanitary standards, which indicate the permissible diameter for various drains:
- Kitchen drain - 32-50 mm.
- Drainage from the bathroom at each point - 50 mm.
- Drainage from washing equipment - 25 mm.
- Supply of pipes to the riser - 50–75 mm.
- Fecal runoff - 110 mm.
- Central riser - 110–160 mm.
- Outlet to external drain - 110–160 mm.
- External drain with outlet from the bath - 160-200 mm.
- With an outlet from the pool - 20-30 cm.
- City sewer communications - 30-50 cm.
To create a sewage system, PVC pipes are widely used due to their ease of installation and performance. You can assemble a sewer system from modules of different sizes. The size assortment includes fittings for transition to different pipe diameters (reducers), splitters and elbows. The interchangeability of tubular elements allows for repair work in a short time.
Unlike other plastic counterparts, PVC products have a convenient assembly mechanism. All components and fittings in the pipeline are flared with an O-ring. Additionally, you can coat with glue or sealant for strength. If it is necessary to connect two pipe sections, use a coupling equipped with rubber seals. All adapters for plumbing outlets from sinks, sinks, showers and bathtubs are equipped with a socket groove.
In addition to the socket joint, the adhesive method of joining is used. The pipes differ in end shape and wall dimensions. When selecting pipe products of a certain size, all fittings must be of a similar diameter. This will help to achieve tightness in the pipeline.
When installing sewer pipes, the angle of inclination must be observed for the gravity drainage system. If pipes with a diameter of 32-50 mm, then the optimal slope will be 0.03 degrees or 3 cm per linear meter. A circumference of up to 110 mm assumes a slope of 0.02 degrees or 2 cm.Diameter from 150 to 200 mm should fit at an angle of 0.008 degrees, corresponding to less than 1 cm.
In the next video, you will find the installation of plastic sewer pipes.