Develop proposals for saving heat and. How to save heat in the house and keep the family budget. Saving electrical energy

The results of the inspections carried out by the employees of the energy supervision found that due to the negligence and negligence of consumers, the overrun of electricity used for household needs is about 15 - 20%.

Where is the most tangible way to save electrical energy in everyday life?

When using an electric stove. The hotplates of electric stoves have several heating elements (switching ranges). When you turn on the electric stove, you first need to turn on all the heating elements (all the power of the burner), and then, after warming up, when the water boils, reduce the power, since excess heat will not accelerate cooking and the water temperature will not rise by more than 100 degrees. Savings are achieved by cooking several dishes in a preheated oven. Utensils for cooking or heating food should be made of aluminum or enamel with a flat thick bottom and covered with a lid.

Foods that take a long time to cook are best cooked in a pressure cooker. The amount of water for cooking should be minimal so that after boiling it does not drain into the sewer. The switched on oven does not need to be opened unnecessarily, this reduces the temperature inside the chamber.

It is advisable to turn off the electric stove before the kettle boils: due to thermal inertia, the kettle will boil anyway, and this will save up to 20% of energy.

The use of an electric kettle is preferable (efficiency 90%) than the burners of the stove (efficiency 50 - 60%). The record holder for efficiency is a conventional boiler - efficiency is up to 92%.

The use of cooling electric burners to heat water before boiling it in a kettle allows you to save 10-30% of electricity. In addition, the water will settle and the elements used for disinfection (chlorine) will leave it, which is important for health.

After soaking the cereals overnight with water, you can cook porridge from it 2 to 4 times faster, depending on the temperature of the water.

When using a refrigerator, 30 - 40% of the electricity consumed in the house is consumed by the refrigerator. Since the refrigerator is connected to the power grid around the clock, despite its low power, it consumes no less electricity than an electric stove. The population uses two types of electric refrigerators: compressor (with an electric motor and compressor) and absorption (with a heater). Compressor refrigerators are 3-4 times more economical than absorption refrigerators. Recently, the industry has been producing deep-freeze electric refrigerators. Compared to compressor stations, they consume 2 times more electricity. The place of installation of the refrigerator and the ambient temperature are of great importance for its normal operation and economical consumption of energy. The refrigerator must not be installed near the stove and radiators, on the sunny side of the room. There should be an air space around the refrigerator for air circulation. Food is placed in the refrigerator, cooled to room temperature and in a sealed container. Food in the refrigerator is placed in such a way that cold air is available to them. The thermostat must be installed so that the temperature in the cooling chamber is maintained to preserve food, and not too low. If ice forms on the walls of the refrigerating chamber with a thickness of 5-10 mm, the refrigerator must be defrosted. Cooling the chamber below the temperature necessary to preserve food, as well as increasing the temperature of the air surrounding the refrigerator, leads to excessive consumption of electricity.

Regular defrosting results in savings of 3 - 5%. You cannot install the refrigerator in a niche, this blocks the ventilation of the lower neighbors and worsens the cooling conditions for the condenser coil, which is cooled by room air, and in an enclosed space it cools much worse, energy consumption increases by 20% (frequent switching on).

When using a TV, radio, tape recorder, sewing and washing machine, vacuum cleaner, iron and other household appliances. Due to the correct use of the listed devices, you can get significant energy savings. Household appliances must not be allowed to run idle, you must turn them off if you stop using them. Many household electrical appliances are equipped with automatic temperature controllers or time switches. This allows you to maintain an automatically set temperature or turn on the device after a set operating time. So, for example, when using an electric iron with a temperature controller, energy consumption is reduced by 10 - 15%.

Under lighting. With electric lighting, first of all, you need to pay attention to the correct choice of the power of the electric lamps. High-power electric lamps not only unnecessarily consume electricity, but also harm your eyesight.

When connected to an electrical network, the light bulb shines equally brightly in all directions and does not provide the necessary illumination, and when we work, we need light focused on a specific surface or part. For this, a light bulb is placed in a lamp.

The illumination of a room or workplace, as well as the efficiency of lighting devices, largely depends on the correctly selected lamp.

Rational lighting of the room is achieved using semi-reflective or direct lighting. It should be noted that direct illumination is more economical than semi-reflected, since in the first case the luminaire has a reflector located at the bottom of the lamp.

Energy savings are facilitated by the use of local lighting: table lamps when working at the table. The work table should be installed by the window, this will shorten the burning time of the light bulbs with sufficient daylight. Ceilings and walls, as well as wallpaper in light colors, can reduce the power of the lamps by one and a half times.

Incandescent lamps continue to be the most common and basic light source in our apartments. The reason for this is the simplicity of design, compactness, ease of use, low cost, and a large selection of them in terms of power. However, incandescent lamps have a number of disadvantages. They have a low efficiency factor (1.8 - 2.2%); when the mains voltage rises by 2%, the service life is reduced by 15%, frequent switching on, switching off and shock also affects the service life, which is 1000 hours.

More economical light sources are fluorescent lamps. They have a favorable radiation light. Fluorescent lighting creates favorable conditions for relaxation, reduces fatigue, and helps to increase labor productivity.

According to the chromaticity of the radiation, fluorescent lamps are divided into:

1) white light lamps (LB);

2) fluorescent lamps (LD);

3) fluorescent lamps with corrected chromaticity (LDC);

4) cold white light bulbs (LHB);

5) warm white light (LTB) lamps, which have a pronounced pink tint.

The most economical and versatile are white light (LB) lamps. They provide significantly better color rendering than incandescent lamps and reproduce approximately the color of sunlight reflected by clouds. The use of LB lamps is advisable in children's rooms for the preparation of school assignments and for drawing work.

The most important characteristics of fluorescent lamps include the fact that their luminous flux is greater than that of incandescent lamps. The luminous efficiency of fluorescent lamps averages 42 - 62 lm / W, while incandescent lamps have only 10 - 20 lm / W. The service life of fluorescent lamps is 5000 hours.

Timely and systematic cleaning of fixtures, lamps and chandeliers can save up to 30% of the electricity consumed for lighting.

The installation of double switches in the rooms also contributes to energy savings. This allows you to turn on the chandeliers in whole or in part, if necessary.

A table lamp with a 30 W bulb allows you to achieve better illumination on a table than a chandelier with 3 - 5 bulbs of 180 - 300 watts. Double win - vision and energy. From the point of view of energy saving, a device for smooth switching on of light is good. CFL lamps (compact fluorescent lamps) consume 6-7 times less electricity in comparison with incandescent lamps with the same illumination. But they are more expensive than the existing ones, although it is profitable for the state to reduce the price for them.

The Brest Electric Lamp Plant, the only one of its kind in the republic, produces compact fluorescent lamps that consume six times less electricity and burn continuously eight times longer (8000 hours) than conventional lamps.

Currently, an important section of the nomenclature list of products manufactured by BelOMO is the production of lamps intended for local and general lighting of premises of a wide variety of profiles - housing, offices, workshops, shops. The use of compact fluorescent and halogen lamps in luminaires imparts energy-saving properties to these electrical appliances. So, due to the use of halogen lamps with a power of 20 W, characterized by an intense luminous flux, it is possible to reduce the consumption of electricity by 2 - 2.5 times.

When lighting staircases and corridors. Time relays or time delay circuit breakers are installed in homes. The economical consumption of electricity in public places will largely depend on the control over the proper operation of these devices on the part of house managers and residents.

To save heat in an apartment, and with it, to save heat energy, is a simple matter and does not require large expenditures. It is estimated that the insulation of windows and doors retains up to 40% of the heat in the apartment. Thorough insulation of the apartment creates coziness, reduces heating costs by three times, which saves fuel.

Saving thermal energy is obtained with the rational use of hot water, since its losses in everyday life are 23%. In order to wash your face, hands, brush your teeth, a small jet or a few glasses of water is enough instead of many liters.

A great contribution to the saving of thermal energy is made by house management, which, in a timely manner, before the onset of cold weather, carry out repairs of doors in entrances and glazing of windows, and conduct explanatory work with residents.

One of the most promising and fast-payback areas of the republican energy conservation program is the equipment of buildings and structures with devices for individual and group metering and control of energy consumption. Since 1997, hot and cold water, heat and gas meters have been installed without fail in all newly erected residential buildings. In addition, work is underway to equip the rest of the housing stock with such devices. According to the calculations of the committee's specialists, in 2002 such meters should be installed in every Belarusian house.

However, it should be noted that while the majority of the population is wary of this innovation: residents are encouraged to purchase the necessary equipment at their own expense. And in the public consciousness, the idea is firmly rooted that after the installation of meters, you will have to pay for utilities more than now.

Currently, we pay for the consumed energy resources based on the average indicator, equal to about 35% of the real consumption per capita in the country.

When calculating the current universal tariffs, the overestimated consumption of energy resources was taken as a basis. An experiment conducted by the committee showed unexpected results. It turns out that potentially our compatriots are quite capable of using heat and water much more economically than now. Residents of the apartments in which the meters were installed paid less for water and heat than usual. This means that today the absolute majority of the population overpays for energy resources at least 3-4 times.

What does the implementation of the program for the implementation of individual and group devices for metering and control of energy consumption give to the state? According to the experts of the committee, the massive installation of meters will allow to save heat by 1.5 times, cold water - 2 times, hot water - 2.5 times. On a national scale, this is a huge amount of money, which, of course, is not superfluous for our budget.

Today the meter installed in the apartment pays off in 4 years. By 2002 - the moment of completion of the implementation of the program for the mass introduction of individual metering and control devices for energy consumption - this figure will decrease to 1.5 years. The higher the prices for energy, the faster the ideas of energy saving will take root in the mass consciousness.

Gradually, devices-regulators of heat consumption will also be installed in Belarus. When heat meters and regulators of its consumption are installed in all apartments, all problems associated with the beginning of the heating season will disappear. Heating will be turned on earlier, since in any case, the population and enterprises will pay for its consumption.

Saving energy resources should become an element of our mentality, industrial and everyday culture, and the duty of every citizen. We hope you find this guide useful. The main thing is that we must remember: our housing, our comfort and order are in our hands.

Rules for saving heat, electricity and water in everyday life.

Saving heat, electricity and water is not a rejection of comfort, but the provision of necessary living conditions for citizens through their rational use. In order to save money, it is necessary to calculate what we consume. This is possible if metering devices are installed in the apartments. In our apartments, it is not technically difficult to organize metering of electricity, gas, hot and cold water, and to provide metering of heat energy with a general heat meter.

According to the Federal Law "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" dated November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ, until January 1, 2012, the owners of residential buildings, owners of premises in apartment buildings put into operation on the day the entry into force of this Federal Law, are obliged to ensure that such houses are equipped with metering devices for water, natural gas, heat energy, electric energy, as well as the commissioning of installed metering devices (in this case, apartment buildings must be equipped with general house metering devices for water use within the specified period) , thermal energy, electrical energy, as well as individual and common metering devices for the used water, natural gas, electrical energy).

Since July 1, 2010, organizations that supply water, natural gas, thermal energy, electric energy or their transmission and whose engineering and technical support networks are directly connected to the networks that are part of the engineering equipment of objects to be equipped with metering devices used energy resources, are obliged to carry out activities for the installation, replacement, operation of metering devices for the used energy resources, the supply of which or the transfer of which they carry out. These organizations have no right to refuse to the persons who applied to them to conclude an agreement regulating the conditions for the installation, replacement and (or) operation of metering devices for the used energy resources, the supply of which or the transfer of which they carry out. The price of such an agreement is determined by agreement of the parties. For the delay in fulfilling the obligation to install, replace and (or) operate these metering devices, these organizations pay the consumer for each day of delay a forfeit (penalty), determined in the amount of one three hundredth of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, in effect on the day of fulfillment of the obligation, but not more than than in the amount of the price of performance of work, provision of services under the contract. The procedure for concluding and the essential conditions of such an agreement are approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated 07.04.2010 No. 149. The agreement regulating the conditions for installing a collective or individual (common for a communal apartment) metering device for the energy resource used (which is supplied or transferred by the indicated organizations) and concluded with a citizen - the owner of a residential building, with a citizen - the owner of premises in an apartment building or a person responsible for the maintenance of an apartment building, must contain a condition for payment of the price determined by such an agreement, in equal shares within five years from the date of its conclusion, except for the case if the consumer has expressed his intention to pay the price determined by such an agreement at a time or with a shorter installment period. When the terms of the installment plan are included in such an agreement, the amount of interest accrued in connection with the provision of the installment plan must be included in the price determined by such an agreement, but not more than in the amount of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in effect on the day of accrual, unless the corresponding compensation is carried out at the expense of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the local budget. A constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a municipal formation shall have the right to provide support to these organizations in the manner established by the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation, at the expense of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the local budget by allocating funds to them to reimburse the expenses incurred by them in connection with the provision of installments.

Until January 1, 2013, in relation to residential buildings and apartment buildings, the above organizations are obliged to take actions to equip metering devices for the energy resources used, if these objects were not equipped with metering devices for the energy resources used within the prescribed period (until 01.01.2012). A person who has not fulfilled the obligation to equip these facilities with metering devices for energy resources used within the prescribed period must ensure admission of these organizations to the installation sites of metering devices for energy resources used and pay the costs of these organizations for the installation of these metering devices. In case of refusal to pay costs on a voluntary basis, a person who has not fulfilled the obligation to equip these facilities with metering devices for the energy resources used within the prescribed period must also pay the costs incurred by these organizations in connection with the need for enforced collection. At the same time, citizens - owners of residential buildings, citizens - owners of premises in apartment buildings who have not fulfilled the obligations to equip these facilities with meters of energy resources used within the prescribed period, if this required these organizations to perform actions to install metering devices for used energy resources, pay equal in shares within five years from the date of their installation, the costs of these organizations for the installation of these metering devices, provided that they do not express their intention to pay such costs in a lump sum or with a shorter installment plan. In the case of an installment plan, the costs of installing metering devices for energy resources used are subject to an increase in the amount of interest accrued in connection with the provision of an installment plan, but not more than in the amount of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in effect on the date of accrual, unless the corresponding compensation carried out at the expense of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the local budget.

Equipping residential buildings and apartment buildings with metering devices for the used energy resources will allow you to:

pay only for the amount of utilities that you received;
refuse to pay for a communal resource of poor quality (normative parameters of communal resources in the provision of housing and communal services are established by GOST R 51617-2000 "Housing and communal services. General technical conditions.");
effectively save on utility resources.

To install general house metering devices for the energy resources used, it is necessary to hold a general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building in order to make a decision on the need to perform these works, as well as the conditions for paying the costs of installing metering devices (without providing an installment plan, payment in installments for 5 years or less installment period). The decision of the general meeting is drawn up by the minutes of the general meeting and brought to the attention of the managing organization.

The management organization, based on the decision of the general meeting of the owners of premises in an apartment building, concludes contracts for the installation of common house metering devices for energy resources used with organizations that supply energy resources or transfer them and whose engineering and technical support networks are directly connected to the networks that are part of the engineering and technical equipment of facilities to be equipped with metering devices for used energy resources. Actions for the installation of metering devices for the energy resources used are also entitled to be carried out by persons who meet the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for the implementation of such actions.

Saving heat energy.

A lot of heat is lost:

through window and doorways - 40 ... 50%;
through the ceilings of basements and attics - 20%;
through external walls - 30 ... 40%.

To increase heat transfer, the radiators must be clean both outside and inside. Over many years of operation, they are clogged with internal deposits so that water does not leak out (how warm it is there!). The radiators must be flushed. The managing organization is responsible for this.

Covering heating devices with decorative plates, panels and even curtains reduces heat transfer by 10%. Painting radiators with oil paints reduces heat transfer by 8%, and zinc white paint increases heat transfer by 3%.

Windows and doors should be insulated (or better changed), since the main heat losses go through them.

It is useful to cover the wall behind the heating radiator with heat-reflecting materials.

Before winterizing windows, the glass should be thoroughly washed. In general, this should be done more often, as it helps to save energy for lighting.

For winter, window frames can be sealed with paper. This should be done from the inside and in calm weather. However, it is better to use special sealing materials. There are many of them commercially available, and some can last for several years. They are also successfully used to insulate entrance doors (including metal ones).

Installing a low-emission thermo-reflective film on the inner side of the window glass reduces heat loss through the windows by 40%.

Glazing of balconies and loggias can reduce overall heat loss by 10%. Double front doors will also help keep your home warm.

Energy saving.

In an apartment, electricity is consumed for many purposes, and from year to year energy consumption only grows due to the use of new household appliances. Household appliances are becoming one of the main "eaters" of electricity. Electric stoves, washing machines and dishwashers, computers, home theaters and other household appliances consume surprisingly a lot of electricity, even in the "stand by" position (this is when the device is connected to the network and waits for a signal from the remote control). Do not leave the equipment in "stand by" mode - use the on / off buttons on the equipment itself or unplug them from the outlet. Turning off unused devices from the network (for example, TV, VCR, music center) will reduce electricity consumption to an average of 300 kWh per year. The mobile phone charger, left plugged in, gets warm even when the phone is not there. This is because the device is still using electricity, and 95% of the energy is wasted when the charger is plugged into a wall outlet all the time.

Basic rules for saving energy:

Cooking food.

Use pans with a thick bottom. The diameter of the base of the cooking zone must not exceed the diameter of the base of the cookware. All dishes should be with lids. Three times as much energy is needed without a lid. The bottom of the cookware for electric stoves should be flat and firmly lay on the heating element. Be sure to use a pressure cooker: effort, money and, which is especially nice, it saves a lot of time.
Use a warm-up temperature. Many dishes: baked goods, fresh frozen vegetables and convenience foods can be placed in a cold oven. In this case, the power consumption will decrease by 10-15%.
The stove must be in good working order. Broken, chipped and swollen, dirty heating elements perform their function much worse.
It is necessary to have an alternative to the stove: to drink tea it is better to use an electric kettle. For cooking, choose the most suitable method depending on the amount and method of preparation. So, the most efficient in terms of energy consumption is defrosting, cooking and heating small portions in the microwave.

Storing food in the refrigerator.

The refrigerator should be placed in the coolest place in the kitchen, preferably near the outer wall, but never near the stove. If you put the refrigerator in a room where the temperature reaches 30ºC, the energy consumption will double.
The most economical mode for the refrigerator is + 5 degrees and - 18 for the freezer. An increase in temperature by one degree increases energy consumption by 5%. Use the button for quick freezing only when necessary, as in this mode the power consumption increases by 30-55%. Remember that frequent opening of the refrigerator and freezer doors also increase energy consumption by 15-20%, and even up to 50% in older units.
The refrigerator is best kept full. The high heat capacity of the stored food will maintain an even temperature in it, and the compressor will turn on much less often. In the event of a power outage, this can save food from thawing. It is unacceptable to put hot pots in the refrigerator.
Be sure to defrost the freezer if ice builds up in it. A thick layer of ice will impair the cooling of frozen food and increase energy consumption.

Heating water.

The dishwasher and washing machine use most of the electricity to heat the water. Here's how you can reduce your consumption:

Load the machine completely.
Select the best mode It is recommended to sort the laundry each time before washing, and in case of light or medium soiling, do not prewash. If the washing program is wrong, the power consumption is up to 30%.
Use rinsing instead of washing more often.

Lighting.

A huge amount of electricity is spent on lighting. You can completely take care that the lamps do not burn in vain in those rooms where you are not. It is most effective to use local, spot lighting. New energy-saving lamps save energy consumption and pay for themselves over time, despite their high cost. When you change an incandescent lamp to an energy-saving one and compare the ratio of radiation power per unit of consumed power, you understand that you will have the same lighting for less electricity. It is possible that modern energy-saving lamps will soon be replaced by even more efficient LED lamps. Such luminaires already exist and their energy consumption is a small fraction compared to conventional incandescent lamps.

Don't neglect natural light. Light curtains, light wallpaper and ceiling, clean windows, a moderate amount of flowers on the windowsills will increase the illumination of the apartment and reduce the use of lamps. It should be borne in mind that dusty windows reduce natural light by 30%.

Comparative table of energy consumption of different light sources.

Saving water.

First of all, it is necessary to put in order the plumbing and all water supply equipment. Often, water just flows without any benefit, but meanwhile:

dripping from the tap, this is ~ 24 liters per day or 720 liters per month;
flows from the tap is ~ 144 liters per day or 4000 liters per month;
the leaking tank in the toilet is ~ 2000 liters per day or 60,000 liters per month.

Modern crane axle boxes with sintered elements instead of rubber gaskets allow you to forget about the eternal dripping from the taps. With high reliability, they are simple and easy to use.

The use of high-quality spray-aerators (a special nozzle for the faucet) on mixers and shower installations allows you to comfortably use water at half the consumption. As a rule, such nozzles on new cranes are included in the kit and are already installed at the factory.

A shower handle with a water flow interrupter reduces water consumption by another quarter, if you use it, of course.

Washing dishes under running water is wasteful twice, in addition to water, the consumption of detergents increases. It is more economical and more convenient to use two filled sinks, in one the detergent is dissolved, and in the other the dishes are rinsed. Water consumption is reduced tenfold, detergents are saved.

By observing these elementary rules, you can significantly reallocate expenses in your family budget.

In this article, we will tell you everything you need to know about saving heat:

Saving heat in a private house

For the most efficient saving of thermal energy in a private house, as in any other facility, it is necessary to take a set of measures.

Such measures in this case include the following methods of heat conservation.

Sealing windows - as practice shows, up to 40 percent of the heat can leave the house through the windows. If the windows are old, wooden, then self-adhesive heaters and seals made of foam rubber, foamed polyethylene and other heat-insulating materials can be used for insulation. Even adhesive tape glued to the cracks allows you to make the windows warmer.
By the same principle, it is necessary to eliminate the gaps between the doors and the door frame.
If there are gaps between the door frame and the walls, they must be blown out with polyurethane foam.
When you should give preference to models with two or even three double-glazed windows. Such windows are more expensive, but quickly pay for themselves.

We save heat in our private house

Stick a heat-saving film on the glass windows.
During the period of strong winds and cold weather, the windows can be closed with bubble wrap.
To go through the front door, it is necessary to insulate it or install an additional door.
Significant heat savings will be achieved by insulating walls with thermal insulation materials such as mineral wool, polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene foam. The thickness of the insulation should be selected individually - depending on the region, as well as the material and thickness of the walls.
When insulating the outside of the roof, walls, do not forget about the insulation of the foundation.
Heat loss through walls can also be reduced by finishing with heat-insulating plaster.
The use of "warm" wallpaper, for example, cork, is another effective way to insulate walls from the inside. Note that cork can be used not only on walls but also on floors. As a result, the latter will become not only warm, but also pleasant to the touch.

An important measure to save heat in a private house is floor insulation. If the floor is wooden, on logs, then insulating material (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, expanded clay, ecowool or others) must be laid between the logs. If the floor is concrete, the insulation boards are placed under the screed. Another way to insulate the floor is to make a screed made of expanded polystyrene concrete. If the floor is wooden, you can also make a dry screed from expanded clay and gypsum fiber board.

Almost all of the thermal energy conservation measures described for a private house can be applied in an apartment as well.

In addition, the following methods of saving heat are effective.

Glazing a balcony or loggia gives the same effect as installing an additional window.
Insulation of a balcony or loggia.
Adjustment of doors of the balcony block and timely replacement of seals.
Insulation of walls from the inside, which are adjacent to unheated rooms, for example, an elevator shaft or an entrance.
Using carpet on the floor will not only make your home more comfortable, but also reduce heat loss through the floor.
Insulation of the ceiling from the inside, which is necessary even if a heated apartment is located above the floor. The slab is adjacent to cold exterior walls. In addition, it is cooled from the street side.
Leave the oven open after using it to use the heat build-up in it.

Note that in a well-insulated apartment there is enough heating for several hours a day.

In autumn, spring, and on warm winter days, heating can be avoided altogether.

To maintain the temperature, there is enough heat that is released during cooking, as well as other physical activities of a person.

Saving heat in an apartment building

Saving heat in apartment buildings can be achieved in these ways.

Installation of door closers in the staircase and the use of double doors.
Obligatory glazing of premises and elimination of cracks.
Thermal insulation of the building facade.
, due to which the loss of heated air is reduced.
Since the heat rises upward, it is necessary. Even reeds or sawdust can be used to insulate the floor.
Behind radiators, for example, from penofol. As practice shows, this procedure allows you to increase the room temperature by at least one degree.

Keeping radiators clean - this measure also eliminates the loss of heat emitted by radiators.
Do not cover batteries with blackout curtains, furniture, or other items.
Be sure to close the windows with curtains at night.
Insulate heating pipes with thermal insulation, even if they only pass through heated rooms. Heat transfer from radiators is higher than from pipes, so thermal insulation will reduce heat loss.
Use not air vents to ventilate rooms, but supply valves that are installed on windows or mounted in walls.

Thermal energy saving measures in school and kindergarten

In schools and kindergartens, many of the above-described energy saving methods associated with the insulation of walls, attics and enclosing structures can be used.

In addition, you can use the following methods to save heat.

Basement insulation.
Insulation of floors.
Arrangement of vestibules.
Reduced ceiling heights in classrooms.
Removing vegetation that obscures the windows, allowing rooms to warm up on sunny days.

Note that it is possible to identify the main sources of thermal energy losses and eliminate them with the help of a competent,.

We save heat at the enterprise

You can save heat at enterprises in the following ways.

Use of heat-saving polyvinyl chloride film, which is mounted in the interframe space of windows. This is the so-called.
The use of tarpaulin curtains at the entrances to production facilities and workshops.
Glazing of industrial premises.

In addition, it is necessary to take the measures described above, that is, to glaze the premises, insulate the walls, eliminate cracks in the windows, etc.

Saving heat in the office

Saving energy in the office means following the same measures as in apartments, schools and kindergartens.

In addition, you can take advantage of such methods of saving heat, which are suggested below.

Using carpet on the floor will reduce the amount of heat loss through the floor.
The use of foam tiles or extruded polystyrene foam for finishing the ceiling will reduce heat loss through the ceiling.
A fan located under the ceiling allows warm air to be dispersed throughout the room, which will make the use of thermal energy more efficient.
Rubber strips, fixed along the bottom edge of the door leaf, eliminate the gap between the door and the floor. The use of such pads is especially necessary if additional heaters are used in the office space and the temperature is higher than in the corridor.

The application of all of the above measures will reduce heating costs several times, and most importantly, will provide comfortable living, learning and working conditions.

Other ways to save heat:

2 Saving electrical and heat energy in everyday life

Where is the most tangible way to save electrical energy in everyday life?

It is advisable to turn off the electric stove before the kettle boils: due to thermal inertia, the kettle will boil anyway, and this will save up to 20% of energy.

The use of an electric kettle is preferable (efficiency 90%) than the burners of the stove (efficiency 50 - 60%). The record holder for efficiency is a conventional boiler - efficiency is up to 92%.

After soaking the cereals overnight with water, you can cook porridge from it 2 to 4 times faster, depending on the temperature of the water.

The illumination of a room or workplace, as well as the efficiency of lighting devices, largely depends on the correctly selected lamp.

According to the chromaticity of the radiation, fluorescent lamps are divided into:

1) white light lamps (LB);

2) fluorescent lamps (LD);

3) fluorescent lamps with corrected chromaticity (LDC);

4) cold white light bulbs (LHB);

5) warm white light (LTB) lamps, which have a pronounced pink tint.

Timely and systematic cleaning of fixtures, lamps and chandeliers can save up to 30% of the electricity consumed for lighting.

The installation of double switches in the rooms also contributes to energy savings. This allows you to turn on the chandeliers in whole or in part, if necessary.

Currently, we pay for the consumed energy resources based on the average indicator, equal to about 35% of the real consumption per capita in the country.

More than 20%) and the CIS countries. Chapter 2 Economic and geographical features of the location of the fuel and energy industry. Development Prospects 2.1 Energy production and consumption by region. Development Prospects In the last decade, some important trends have emerged in the development of the world energy sector, which, if the flow is uncontrollable, can threaten the sustainability of this sector. TO...

Naturally, the strong "eco-dependence" of electricity production dictates the need for its diversification. In this regard, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the state and prospects for the further development of world energy, bearing in mind the possibilities of its diversification, measures in the field of reducing energy consumption, increasing the efficiency of energy production and minimizing negative ...

Energy saving at home (version 1)

energy saving in everyday life:

38 ways

Saving heat

Our country is not southern and it is normal to insulate your home. There are several simple ways to insulate:

1. Sealing gaps in window frames and doorways. For this, mounting foams, self-expanding sealing tapes, silicone and acrylic sealants, etc. are used. The result is an increase in the room temperature by 1-2 degrees.

2. Sealing the narthex of windows and doors. Various self-adhesive seals and gaskets are used. Windows are sealed not only around the perimeter, but also between the frames. The result is an increase in indoor temperature by 1-3 degrees.

3. Installation of new plastic or wooden windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows. It is better if the glass will be with a heat-reflecting film, and ventilators will be provided in the window construction. Then the temperature in the room will be more stable both in winter and in summer, the air will be fresh and there will be no need to periodically open the window, throwing out a large amount of thermal air. The result is an increase in the room temperature by 2-5 degrees and a decrease in the level of street noise.

4. Installation of a second door at the entrance to the apartment (house). The result is an increase in the room temperature by 1-2 degrees, a decrease in the level of external noise and gas pollution.

5. Installation of a heat-reflecting screen (or aluminum foil) on the wall behind the heating radiator. The result is an increase in the room temperature by 1 degree.

6. Try not to cover radiators with blackout curtains, screens, furniture - heat will be more efficiently distributed in the room.

7. Close the curtains at night. This helps keep the home warm.

8. Replace cast iron radiators with aluminum ones. The heat transfer of these radiators is 40-50% higher. If the radiators are installed taking into account easy removal, it is possible to regularly flush them, which also contributes to an increase in heat transfer.

9. Glazing of a balcony or loggia is equivalent to the installation of an additional window. This creates a heat buffer with an intermediate temperature 10 degrees higher than outside in severe frost.

Saving electrical energy

1. Replace conventional incandescent bulbs with energy efficient fluorescent bulbs. Their service life is 6 times longer than incandescent lamps, consumption is 5 times lower. During operation, the light bulb pays for itself 8-10 times.

2. Use local lights when general lighting is not needed.

3. Make it a rule to turn off the light when leaving the room.

4. Turn off devices that have been in standby mode for a long time. TVs, VCRs, stereos in standby mode consume energy from 3 to 10 watts. Within a year, 4 such devices, chargers left in the sockets will give an additional energy consumption of 300-400 kW * h.

5. Use equipment with an energy efficiency class of at least A. Additional energy consumption for household appliances of outdated structures is approximately 50%. Such household appliances will not pay off immediately, but taking into account the rise in energy prices, the impact of savings will be more and more. In addition, this technique is usually more modern and better in performance.

6. Do not install the refrigerator next to a gas stove or radiator. This increases the energy consumption of the refrigerator by 20-30%.

7. The seal of the refrigerator must be clean and tight to the body and door. Even a small gap in the seal increases energy consumption by 20-30%.

8. Cool food to room temperature before placing it in the refrigerator.

9. Remember to defrost the refrigerator frequently.

10. Do not cover the radiator of the refrigerator, leave a gap between the wall of the room and the back of the refrigerator so that it can cool freely.

11. If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure that its burners are not deformed and fit snugly against the bottom of the heated cookware. This will eliminate unnecessary consumption of heat and electricity. Do not turn on the stove in advance and turn off the stove a little earlier than is necessary for the complete cooking of the dish.

12. Boil as much water in an electric kettle as you want to use.

13. Apply light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment. Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable amount of colors reduce lighting costs by 10-15%.

14. Take meter readings and analyze how you can reduce consumption.

15. In some homes, the computer is kept on all the time. Turn it off or put it into sleep mode if you do not need it to run continuously. With continuous round-the-clock work, the computer consumes 70-120 kW * h per month. If continuous work is needed, then it is more efficient for such purposes to use a laptop or computer with reduced power consumption (Atom processors).

In general, it is quite possible to reduce electricity consumption by 40-50% without reducing the quality of life and harming habits.

Saving water

1. Install water meters. This will motivate you to reduce water use.

2. Install toggle switches on mixers instead of jib valves. Saving water 10-15% plus convenience in temperature selection.

3. Do not turn on the water with a full stream. In 90% of cases, a small jet is sufficient. Saving 4-5 times.

4. When washing and showering, turn off the water when not needed.

5. Taking a shower takes 10-20 times less water than taking a bath.

6. Significant water savings are obtained when using two-button flush cisterns.

7. It is necessary to carefully check the presence of water leakage from the cistern, which arises from the old fittings in the cistern. Replacing the fittings is a penny, and the water savings are impressive. You can lose several cubic meters of water per month through a thin trickle of leakage.

8. Check how the hot water return is working. If there is no circulation during the supply, then you will be forced to pump water through the neighbors' risers until you get it hot in your apartment. Of course, in this case expensive "hot" water is simply drained into the sewer.

In general, a 4-fold reduction in water consumption is a feasible and low-cost task.