Bath accessories - accessories, without the use of which the steam room cannot be called fully equipped and comfortable. Thanks to stylish and comfortable gizmos, it becomes possible to create a special cozy atmosphere. These include hats, brooms, and more. Accessories for a bath with their own hands can be made by everyone.
The manufacture of accessories for equipping a bath has reached a new level today. A variety of products offered by a large number of firms and companies may surprise even the most demanding customer. However, most people prefer handcrafted accessories. And this is not surprising, because they look beautiful and are practical to use.
Bucket made of wood by yourself
What is a bathhouse without a wooden bucket with cool or warm water? It is impossible to imagine a steam room without this important device. To make it yourself, first you need to decide on the type of wood. It is known that the strongest and highest quality species is oak, but if, for certain reasons, it cannot be used, then you can use ash or mulberry. Do-it-yourself bath accessories are often made from them.
The boards used to make buckets are called rivets. When selecting them, it is recommended to observe that there is a distance between the ears, exactly half the perimeter. Then the product will be convenient to use. The ears should be as long as possible. This eliminates the possibility of splitting the temples. An improperly worn bow can cut your hand, so a wooden handle must be fitted over the bow to make the accessory safe.
The shackle of the bucket is made of steel wire, the thickness of which is more than 7 mm. A shackle removed from an old bucket is perfect. However, before using it, you must carefully remove all rust residues from it.
Instructions
DIY bath bucket, instructions:
- After the selection and processing of the material, it is necessary to determine the volume of the product. It can be anything, but not less than ten liters;
- Now you need to calculate how many rivets are required for the selected size of the future bucket;
- Then it is necessary to process the rivets, give them the desired shape. Since ancient times, these boards have been made wider at the ends than in the central part. Such a simple hint will greatly facilitate the assembly of the accessory;
- Hoops are required to make a bucket. They can be made from wood, which looks impressive, or from metal, which surpasses the previous material in terms of strength;
- The next step is to decide on the diameter of the hoops, to determine how many of them are required. The minimum number of rings is two, one at the bottom, the other at the top;
- Now you can start assembling. To the hoop with the smallest diameter, three rivets must be attached at an equal distance using clamps. Then you need to carefully fill in all the remaining space between them with other boards;
- Be very careful when inserting the last element. If he does not have enough free space, then there is nothing to worry about. It is enough just to trim it a little, then insert;
- To attach the bottom of the bucket, the wood must first be steamed in hot water. To do this, put the circle in boiling water for thirty minutes;
- Next, the almost finished bucket must be turned over, a rope must be thrown over the loose edge of the product. It is recommended to tie its ends to a hook, which must be installed in any secure place. After that, a piece of metal is required to be inserted between the bundles and begin to pull it towards you;
- After tightening, you can fix the rest of the hoops;
- When installing the bottom, you need to use the metal clamps.
To prevent self-made buckets from deteriorating over time, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the following tips:
- The main production material is wood. It can crack, plaque and mold appear on it over time. To prevent such troubles from happening with your products, you need to steam them with hot water every time, then the buckets must be selected dry and removed further from the fire. This is not very difficult, but it will save products from damage;
- If you have not used containers made of wood for a long time, they will gradually lose their tightness. Therefore, before starting bath procedures, you need to pour cold water into them and leave in this state for the next three to four hours. Because of this, the material will swell, small cracks will be eliminated by themselves. At the end, the water must be poured out, and the bucket itself must be scalded with boiling water for disinfection purposes.
To supply water to the bath, you need to use a special wooden ladle. Only he will help to gently, in small portions, pour water onto the stove and not burn your hands. To make the bucket not only cope with its tasks, but also look attractive, this accessory can be made by hand. It will not take much time, but you will significantly decorate your bath, make it several times more functional.
The first step is to decide on the tree from which the bucket will be made. This could be:
- Oak is the most popular and demanded wood species, which is famous for its strength characteristics. It differs from other varieties of wood, this one with its rich color and attractive appearance;
- Ash is a light-colored wood with a pleasant aroma. It is perfect for making a ladle, since it is not afraid of the temperature drops that are constantly present in the steam room;
- Mulberries are the last type of wood that is recommended for the manufacture of a bath accessory. She does not care about the effects of moisture or humid air, so she will be able to maintain her beautiful appearance for a long time.
After choosing the material, you need to prepare it. To do this, you need to dry the bars, give them the necessary shape.
Manufacturing process
Diy bath ladle:
- After choosing the material, you need to decide on the size of the future bucket. It should not be large, otherwise water will be inconvenient and difficult to transfer. However, don't make it too small;
- The next step is to find cardboard, draw three templates on it (for the sides, bottom and top of the accessory), cut them out;
- Then, using them, it is required to mark the end contour on the wood. After that, carry out a rough cut of the product;
- Next, you need to do the same thing, but only for the top and sides. Try to give the resulting workpiece the shape of a bucket;
- The next step is to process the workpiece using a round chisel. This stage includes removing excess wood, shaping the handle;
- After that, it is required to process the inside of the product using tesla. Once again work out its walls with a large chisel;
- Next, you need to shape the handle and the entire product with a special knife, cut out details to decorate the tail and head of the accessory. Treat the inner surface with the use of cranberry;
- Now you can start grinding the product. First, sand the outer side of the product, then proceed to the inner part. You do not need to grind the surface on which you plan to make the thread;
- Using small chisels, you can cut out a finishing pattern;
- The last step of the work is to cover the surface with a layer of wax, which acts as a protection.
It is worth noting that traditionally buckets for use in Russian baths were carved only from wood. Several varieties of products stood out: Moscow, Novgorod, Suzdal. All of them differed among themselves in drawing and general design. For example, Moscow ones have always been made only of burl, which has a beautiful texture. Tver men made ladles from tree roots.
DIY bath accessories are easy to make. Despite this, they will look beautiful, please the eye, attract attention and amaze with their functionality and convenience.
Exhibitions of the Russian wooden spoon in the VMDPNI. Let's take a closer look at these products. Further - photos and texts directly from the exhibition itself.
Spoons-scoops
Yakutia, Suntarsky ulus, s. Toybohoy, early XX century
Wood, birch burl, chiselling, carving
A spoon is one of those objects that accompanies a person practically from birth to the end of days. How many proverbs, beliefs are associated with it! However, do we often wonder if she was always the way we used to see her? ..
Shaman's spoon
Yakutia, Suntarsky ulus, s. Toybohoy, late 19th century
Wood, chiselling, carving
We are glad to present you an exhibition project in which we tried to show all the diversity of the usual wooden spoon... Indeed, it is sometimes difficult to imagine that a bucket-scoop can reach a length of one and a half meters, and some spoons become truly magical objects, being faithful companions of the shaman.
Top down: Ladle
Cap, chiselling, carving. Collection of V. B. Karpov
Spoon
Khabarovsk Territory, Nivkh masters, 2006
Wood (walnut), carving, toning. Collection of V. B. Karpov
Baby nanai spoons
V. Donkan, 1974
Khabarovsk Territory, with. Sikachi-alian
Wood, carving, color engraving
The spoons presented at the exhibition from the museum collection - from the 19th century ladles to the author's spoons of the late 1960s - organically complement the collection of modern carved spoons by Viktor Borisovich Karpov, collected by him in different parts of our country. Items made of it, made of different types of wood, unusually convey the beauty of the texture of natural wood.
Left: Bear Meat Scoop
Didi Cherul, 1890s
Khabarovsk Territory, with. Koyma. Wood, carving
On right: Tray
Didi Cherul, 1890s
Khabarovsk Territory, with. Koyma
Wood, chiselling, carving, touch-up
Nivkh spoons for the bear holiday
Khabarovsk Territory, der. Ukhta, s. Romanovka, first quarter XX
Wood, carving, touch-up
Below: Spoon
2013, acquired in Moscow
Wood (walnut), carving. Collection of V. B. Karpov
The history of making a spoon has more than one millennium. So, according to the evidence of archaeological excavations, already five thousand years ago in Ancient Egypt they used spoons made of stone and wood, and in Greece - special shells.
Nanai Shaman's Spoon
Khabarovsk Territory, 2006
Wood (alder), carving. Collection of V. B. Karpov
Spoons came into everyday use in Europe in the Middle Ages and were mainly wooden and horny. And in Russia, the spoon was already known in the 10th century, at the time of Prince Vladimir - references to this can be found in the "Tale of Bygone Years". The familiar oval shape of a spoon with a long handle became especially widespread by the middle of the 18th century.
Composition of three spoons 2015, acquired in Moscow
Walnut burl, carving, toning. Collection of V.B. Karpova
For a simple peasant, a spoon was one of the few personal items, and “their” spoon was often marked in a special way. But, like many traditional cultural objects, the spoon was not just part of everyday life. She played an important role in the rituals, personifying a family member; the newlyweds were always given a wooden painted spoon for the wedding; it was also a necessary attribute of some Christmas divination.
Udegey spoon (south)... Wood, carving
In addition, the spoon has become one of the favorite Russian folk musical instruments. The spoon was decorated with skillful carving, colorful painting, and sometimes even inlaid with mother-of-pearl or metal.
Our exhibition features more than 120 spoons from various regions of Russia - from Arkhangelsk to Yakutia. The diverse subject line is complemented by graphic sketches from the expeditions of the Research Institute of Chemical Industry of the 1960s, as well as rare photographs and sketches from the archives of V.M. Vishnevskaya, V.A. Baradulin and others.
Top right: Souvenir scoops
Karachay-Cherkess Association of Art Crafts and Souvenir Production, 1977
Bottom right: Ladle
Essentuki, 2001
Mahogany (yew, snag), chiselling, carving, collection of V. B. Karpov
Spoon
Wood (walnut), Moldavia carving, 2003, collection of V. B. Karpov
Bottom left: Composition of a ladle and three spoons
Essentuki, 2001
Sophora (Caucasian acacia), carving, collection of V.B. Karpova
Bottom left in the corner: Snake spoon 2004, acquired in Moscow
Wood (juniper), carving, collection of V.B. Karpova
Top left from bottom to top: Decorative spoon 2000, acquired in Moscow
Mahogany, carving, collection of V. B. Karpov
Scoop spoon
Wood (pink acacia), carving. Moldova, 2003, collection of V. B. Karpov
Scoop spoon
Wood (cherry root), carving. Moldova, 2003, collection of V. B. Karpova
The earliest of the items presented are buckets made in the 19th century in the Russian North and in the Volga region. Among others, there are spoons of the Sergiev Posad region at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, including the spoons of I.S. Khrustachev with scenes from the life of Sergius of Radonezh, striking with their finest miniature carving.
Ladle and spoon sketches... From the album "Artistic woodworking in Western Siberia".
A. Artemov, Moscow, NIIHP, 1972. Cardboard, watercolor, pencil.
A special place at the exhibition is occupied by decorative buckets made in the Russian style by the outstanding craftsman V.P. Vornoskov in the workshops of the village of Kudrin and A.P. Zinoviev in Talashkino.
Spoons... Kazakhstan. Wood, carving, burning.
And, of course, at the exhibition it was impossible to do without the famous Khokhloma spoons made in the Nizhny Novgorod village of Semin and the city of Semyonov, which is often called the "spoon capital".
Left below: Draft spoon
Dagestan, s. Kumukh, early XX century
Wood (acacia), chiselling, carving
Center left: Scoop "Gel"
G.G. Gazimagomedov, 1990, Dagestan, p. Untsukul
Wood (apricot), cupronickel, carving, notching, varnish
Top left: Cutlery set with spoons
G.G. Gazimagomedov, 1989, Dagestan, p. Untsukul
Wood (apricot), metal, carving, turning, notching, varnish; wood (apricot), carving, varnish
Left: Boat spoons
Dagestan, early XX century
Wood (boxwood; mountain oak), carving, toning, graphic ligature
On right: A spoon on a long handle for stirring festive halva - byakhuh
Dagestan, s. Kuyad, first third of the XX century.
Wood (oak), carving
Brought from the expedition by E.M. Schilling 1944
Already at the end of the 19th century, the products of local craftsmen enjoyed well-deserved success at the Nizhny Novgorod fair. We present in this section of the exhibition the most valuable examples of the 1920s - 1960s, which rarely leave museum funds.
Among the spoons from other regions are those brought from expeditions to Dagestan in 1944-1946. the famous ethnographer-Caucasian expert E.M. Shilling, as well as extraordinary works from the Avar village of Untsukul. It is famous for its woodcut craft, which combines various arts and crafts - woodcarving and jewelery. In the complex dedicated to the Far East and Yakutia, you will see Nivkh spoons for the bear holiday and a rare shaman spoon.
Sketch of a spoon and scoop with Khokhloma painting.
1950s - first half of 1980s Watercolor on paper
Drawing. Spoons from the collection of the State Historical Museum. 1950s - first half of 1980s Watercolor on paper
The collection includes decorative unpainted spoons made from various types of trees.
Spoons and scoops with Khokhloma type painting
Nizhny Novgorod region, 1920s - 1960s, Wood, carving, painting
For the manufacture of decorative spoons, craftsmen use wood of almost all species, except for pine and spruce. The blank for the future spoon is called "baklusha". It must be pre-dried well so that the spoon does not "lead" during manufacture. Natural drying takes up to six months, but now craftsmen are increasingly using special ovens for this.
Artists of the artel "Khokhloma painting" M.M. Artamonov and F.F. Sirotina, 1959
The expression "beat the thumbs up" arose due to the fact that the initial stages of making wooden spoons - splitting logs into thumbs, roughing the thumbs up, were previously carried out not by a master, but by an assistant-apprentice. Initially, the expression had the meaning of "doing a very simple thing", and later acquired a different meaning - "to laze around, spend time idly."
Spoons
Gorky region, the village of Polkhovsky Maidan, 1960-1970s.
Wood, carving, painting, varnish
When working on a spoon, the master takes into account the type and texture of the wood. The softest and most pliable wood for processing is linden, alder, aspen, therefore these species are most popular with craftsmen. The wood structure of such spoons is monochromatic and not bright.
N.G. Podogov and F.A. Bedin
Birch and oak are harder and have a pronounced beautiful structure.
Buckets
Arkhangelsk province, XIX century; Vologda province., Der. Shevelevskaya, late XIX - early XX centuries.
Wood, chiselling, carving
In fruit trees (apple, pear, plum, cherry, peach) the wood is even harder and more colorful, with a patterned structure. The most interesting patterns on spoons are given by a pear, and the type of patterns depends to a large extent on the soil on which the tree grew. Craftsmen also use "dark" wood, for example, persimmon, walnut.
Ladle
A.P. Zinoviev, 1900s
Smolensk province., Talashkino
Wood, chiselling, carving, toning, tint, waxing
The skill of the master is to “guess” the inner beauty of the wood pattern and to show it most interestingly in the form of a finished product, which is clearly seen in the displayed exhibits.
Ladle; bucket bucket
A.P. Zinoviev, 1900s
Smolensk province., Talashkino, Talashkino art workshops
Wood, copper, river stone, coins; chiselling, carving, burning out, toning, tinting, waxing, chasing
Miniature buckets
V.P. Vornoskov, 1902-1910
Moscow province, Dmitrovsky district , der. Kudrino
Wood, chiselling, carving, toning, varnish
Decorative bucket
V.P. Vornoskov, 1905-1910
Wood, carving, toning, varnish
Ladle
Moscow province., Dmitrovsky u., Der. Kudrino
Comes from the collection of M.O.
Bucket bucket
V.P. Vornoskov, 1900-1905
Moscow province., Dmitrovsky u., Der. Kudrino
Wood, chiselling, carving, toning, tint, varnish
Comes from the collection of M.O.
Bucket bucket
V.P. Vornoskov, 1902-1905
Moscow province., Dmitrovsky u., Der. Kudrino
Wood, chiselling, carving, toning, tint, varnish
Comes from the collection of M.O.
Up: Spoons
Zagorsk, 1920s
Wood, carving, painting, varnish
At the bottom: Dragon Shaped Spoon
Russia (?), Early XX century.
Wood, carving, toning
Left: Sour cream spoon (for the right hand)
Nizhny Novgorod province, der. Medvedevo, 1930s
Wood, carving
On right: Scoops and spoons with bone, mother-of-pearl and beaded inserts
Nizhny Novgorod province. and the city of Sergievsky Posad, the first third of the XX century.
Fish spoons
Purchased in Moscow, 2000
Wood (oak), carved collection of V. B. Karpov
Spoons with scenes from the life of St. Sergius of Radonezh
Moscow province, Sergievsky Posad, 2nd floor. XIX century. - early. XX centuries.
Wood (cypress), carving
"St. Sergius of Radonezh"
“The apparition of the Mother of God to St. Sergius "
"St. Sergius of Radonezh and the Bear "(carver I. Khrustachev)
"St. Sergius before the departed parents "
Blessing spoons
Nizhny Novgorod province, der. Medvedevo, early XX century
Wood, carving, inlay (beads, mother-of-pearl), toning
Blessing gesture with spoons near
From the album A. A. Bobrinsky “Folk Russian wooden products. Household, household and partly church items ”.
Bucket sketches
From the album "Folk woodcarving of the Yaroslavl region of the 17th-20th centuries."
L. B. Muzalevsky, 1971 Cardboard, paper, gouache, pencil
From the album "Folk decorative art in the collections of museums in Novgorod, Pskov, Uglich".
V.M. Vishnevskaya, Moscow, NIIHP, 1962 Cardboard, paper, watercolor
Close up: Buckets-scoops of goat-modemyan type
Vologda province. (?), The Volga region of the XIX century.
Wood, chiselling, carving
Comes from the collection of the Museum of Samples of the Handicraft Museum of the Moscow Provincial Zemstvo
In the distance: Bucket
Vologda, 2005
Wood (alder), carving, toning, collection of V. B. Karpov
Ladle
Uglich, 2009
Wood (aspen), carving, toning, collection of V. B. Karpov
Drawing. Two spoons and a salt shaker
1950s - 1980s
Watercolor on paper
Left: Leaning bucket
Vologda province. (?), XVIII century. (?)
Wood, chiselling, carving
On right: Leaning bucket
Vologda province, XIX century
Wood, chiselling, carving
Comes from the collection of the Museum of Samples of the Handicraft Museum of the Moscow Provincial Zemstvo
Ladle
Russian North (?), Early XX century
Wood, chiselling, carving, coloring
Comes from the MO collection
Ladle
Northern Dvina, second half of the 19th century.
Wood, chiselling, carving, painting
At the bottom: Spoon "Valaam", 2004
Wood (juniper), carving, collection of V. B. Karpov
Up: Spoon
Nizhny Novgorod province. (?), 1920s
Wood, carving, painting
Pizhema-type painted spoons
M.T. Chuprov, P. Ya. Myandin, 1960s
Rep. Komi, Ust-Tsilemsky district with. Tansy, der. Zamezhnaya
Wood, carving, painting
From the album A. A. Bobrinsky “Folk Russian wooden products. Household, household and partly church items ”.
The article uses materials from the exhibition "Wooden spoon" in the VMDPNI.
The bathhouse is one of the favorite hobbies of the Russian people. Taking a steam bath in a Russian bath is a tradition, a necessary procedure and healing of the whole organism. The owners of the baths are trying to create coziness and convenience of the interior.
A ladle is an indispensable attribute in a bath
There are few attributes required for visiting the steam room. One of the most important is considered a bucket for a bath or a ladle. It should be comfortable to grip, strong in material, and withstand hot water and air temperatures. It is impossible to treat the scoop lightly. A simple subject is an important part of the entire procedure for visiting a hot Russian steam room.
Bucket and bucket distinctive features
Despite the similarity in shape, the bucket and scoop have their own distinctive features. Sauna bucket performs several tasks:
- pour cold and hot water into bath containers;
- contrasting body pouring.
The most important requirement when choosing is material. The best approach is natural wood. Such a product does not lose its shape, does not allow liquid to pass through. The special difference between the material is in the aroma of wood. Natural raw materials emit an enchanting scent, relaxing the body, purifying the air.
There is an opportunity to buy a plastic bucket. But it should be remembered that the plastic mass is deformed from the hot temperature, at high temperature or in contact with hot objects it can simply melt.
Another option is metal. They are dangerous to use in a bath: hot metal can easily get burned.
In the photo - a metal scoop for a bath
There are combination options among modern trading offers. You can find a metal bucket with a wooden frame and a solid wood handle. Such an item for a steam room will be very convenient. Metal, even if cracks appear on the wood, will not allow hot liquid to pour out. You can take it by the handle and not be afraid of burns.
The bath scoop performs several other tasks: it waters the stones of the stove, adds heat to the steam room. The freshness and amount of steam depends on the scoop. Fans of Russian refreshing procedures are advised to opt for wooden attributes. An oak and linden ladle for a bath will create an amazing microclimate of clean and fresh air.
Types and forms of wooden products
Wood is the traditional and most popular material for making buckets. Linden, oak, aspen, cedar, mulberry are often chosen. Their wood is not afraid of moisture, withstands high temperatures. Finished products are coated with liquid wax or a layer of small flax.
Carved
They are made from a single piece of wood. They look in the style of old utensils and will be ideal for creating coziness and comfortable conditions.
Coopers
They are made from separate planks, pressed tightly against each other. The technology is close to the creation of barrels. Planks keep their shape for a long time; when dry, cracks and cracks may appear. But getting back into shape is easy. The bucket is soaked in water. The tree swells and the cracks disappear.
Carved ladle for a bath
You can make a scoop with your own hands. For this, wood and carpentry tools are prepared. On paper, you need to draw the appearance of the future product, a simple sketch. Then decide on the dimensions and complete the drawing. The rest of the actions are best considered first in the video lesson of the masters. Then start working on your own in the steps described below.
- Draw the contours according to the dimensions on the tree.
- Roughing is in progress.
- A handle and a container are formed.
- Then the inner sides of the bowl container and the handle are finished.
- Decorated with patterns or decorative carvings if skillful.
Rules for choosing bath assistants
In a washing room and a steam room, it is better to have both products: a ladle and a ladle. They should be in a convenient place, on special hooks, holders. There should be no obstacles to take them in hand, reach or take them off. An open and accessible place is selected. It should be chosen based on the area of the entire building, the internal distribution of areas, the material of execution.
Particular attention should be paid to the location of the heater. The best option is to have several different buckets and buckets. The reason for this is that most often they do not wash one by one, but together or in a company. Several assistants will not delay the enjoyment procedure. There will be no need to wait for the bath ladle to be free.
The scoop is chosen according to the length of the handle. If the stones are nearby, closed with special flaps, the handle may be small. If the stones are open, close to the tank, you need to take a long handle. It is dangerous to use steam with a short handle, you can get burned by the steam.
To choose a bucket or scoop, you need to know their features.
The shape of the handle is made to fit the bend of the palm, for hand grip. Its thickness matters. Therefore, one ladle is made for women, the other for men. Small buckets for children. Splashing and steaming with your own ladle will not only be pleasant, it will become a kind of study for a child and preparation for understanding the whole essence of visiting a Russian bath, a step towards adulthood.
Other handle sizes:
- a long handle should be at the water scoop, this will be convenient for taking water from a distance;
- the average length of the product for pouring, it is convenient for them to water while standing, sitting and lying down.
It is difficult to say when the manufacture of wooden carved utensils began on the territory of Russia. The earliest find of a ladle dates back to the 2nd millennium BC. NS. Archaeological excavations on the territory of Kievan Rus and Novgorod the Great indicate that the production of wooden dishes was already developed in the X-XII centuries. In the 16th - 17th centuries, wooden utensils were made by serf landowners and monastic peasants or archers. The production of wooden dishes and spoons was widely developed in the 17th century, when the demand for them increased both in the city and in the countryside. In the 19th century, with the development of industry and the appearance of metal, porcelain, earthenware and glass dishes, the need for wooden dishes was sharply reduced. Its production is maintained mainly in the fishing areas of the Volga region.
Nowadays scoop buckets and table buckets are one of the favorite types of wood art products. Arkhangelsk craftsmen, keeping the traditional base of the North Russian ladle, prefer not to varnish the velvety wood surface, slightly tinted in silvery or light brown tones.
Endova- a low bowl with a toe for draining. Large valleys held up to a bucket of liquid. Tver and Severodvinsk variants are known. The best Tver valleys are cut from burl. They represent a bowl on an oval or cube-shaped pallet with a gutter-shaped drain and a handle. The endova of the Severodvinsk type has the shape of a round bowl on a low base, with slightly bent edges, with a half-open toe in the form of a groove, sometimes figuratively carved. The handle is very rare. The initial processing of the described objects was carried out with an ax, the depth of the vessel was hollowed out (chosen) with an adze, then leveled with a scraper. The final external processing was carried out with a cutter and a knife.
In the Russian North, from the root of a tree was carved skopkari buckets... The skopkar is a scaphoid vessel, similar to a ladle, but with two handles, one of which must be in the form of a bird's or a horse's head. For household purposes, skopkari are divided into large, medium and small. Large and medium - for serving drinks on the table, small - for individual use, like small cups.
The buckets of the Yaroslavl-Kostroma group have a deep rounded, sometimes flattened scaphoid bowl, the edges of which are slightly curved inward. In earlier buckets, the bowl is raised on a low pallet. Their handles are carved in the form of a curly loop, the nose is in the form of a cock's head with a sharp beak and beard.
Kozmodemyanskie buckets were hollowed out of linden. Their shape is scaphoid and very close to the shape of Moscow buckets, but they are much deeper and larger in volume. Some of them reached a capacity of two, three, and sometimes four buckets. The handle is flat horizontal with a constructive addition of a purely local character - a slotted loop at the bottom.
For Moscow buckets, made of burl with a beautiful pattern of texture, bowls of a clear, even refined scaphoid shape with a flat bottom, a pointed nose and a short horizontal handle are characteristic. Due to the density and strength of the material, the walls of such vessels were often as thick as a nutshell. Burl dishes were often made in silver frames. Buckets of the 18th century are known, reaching a diameter of 60 cm.
Tver buckets are noticeably different from the Moscow and Kozmodemyansky ones. Their originality lies in the fact that they are hollowed out from the root of a tree. Maintaining mostly the shape of a rook, they are more elongated in width than in length, which makes them appear flattened. The bow of the bucket, as is usually the case with scaphoid vessels, is raised upward and ends with two or three horse heads, for which the Tver buckets were named “grooms”. The handle of the ladle is straight, faceted, the upper edge is usually decorated with ornamental carvings.