For persons who "particularly distinguished themselves in the development of the Soviet theater, music and cinema."
Even in Tsarist Russia, there were honorary titles for creative workers of state theaters - "Honored Artist of the Imperial Theaters" and "Soloist of His Imperial Majesty". After the revolution, they were abolished and a new one was introduced - "People's Artist of the Republic." The former soloist of His Imperial Majesty Fyodor Chaliapin became the first People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1918. The Union republics followed the example of Russia and introduced the corresponding titles. In 1936, a rigid hierarchy was built in all spheres of life, and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee established the stages of recognition of acting creativity.
The first People's Artists of the USSR were the founders and leading actors of the Moscow Art Theater - Konstantin Stanislavsky and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Ivan Moskvin and Vasily Kachalov, as well as the singer of the Bolshoi Antonina Nezhdanova.
Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky (real name - Alekseev; January 5 (17), 1863, Moscow - August 7, 1938, Moscow) - Russian theater director, actor and teacher, theater reformer. The creator of the famous acting system, which for 100 years has been very popular in Russia and in the world. People's Artist of the USSR (1936)
Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko (December 11 (23), 1858, Ozurgeti, Kutaisi province - April 25, 1943, Moscow) - Russian and Soviet theater director, teacher, playwright, writer, theater critic and theater figure; one of the founders of the Moscow Art Theatre. People's Artist of the USSR (1936).
Antonina Vasilievna Nezhdanova June 4 (16), 1873, p. Krivaya Balka, near Odessa - June 26, 1950, Moscow) - Russian opera singer (lyric-coloratura soprano), teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1936). Doctor of Arts (1944)
Vasily Ivanovich Kachalov, real name Shverubovich (1875-1948) - Russian and Soviet theater actor. People's Artist of the USSR (1936)
People's Artist of the USSR could only become artists who already had the title of Honored, then People's Artist of the Autonomous, then Union Republic. According to an unspoken rule, they became honored artists upon reaching 40 years old, and people's artists of the USSR - 60. People's artists were awarded a diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and a badge. They were entitled to an increased salary, a 50% discount on utility bills, a company car and a state dacha, additional living space, and, by special decision, treatment at the 4th Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health, and subsequently a pension of federal and republican significance. During the tour, people's artists of the USSR were entitled to a sleeping car and a suite in a hotel.
Ivan Mikhailovich Moskvin (June 6 (18), 1874, Moscow - February 16, 1946, Moscow) - Russian Soviet actor, theater director, master of the artistic word (reader). People's Artist of the USSR (1936).
It was easier for members of the CPSU to get the title. However, the scale of talent and genuine people's love more than once defeated party leaders - People's Artists of the USSR F. Ranevskaya and A. Raikin, I. Moiseev and M. Plisetskaya, G. Tovstonogov and M. Babanova were non-party.
... The penultimate was the singer Alla Pugacheva. The last - the actor of the Moscow "Lenkom" Oleg Yankovsky. They say that Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev signed the decree literally an hour before he announced to the people that the USSR no longer exists.
Ekaterina Pavlovna Korchagina-Aleksandrovskaya (1874-1951) - Russian and Soviet theater and film actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1936).
Maria Mikhailovna Blumenthal-Tamarina (July 16, 1859, St. Petersburg - October 16, 1938, Moscow) - Russian theater and film actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1936).
Boris Vasilievich Shchukin (1894-1939) - Soviet theater and film actor. People's Artist of the USSR (1936)
Maria Ivanovna Litvinenko-Wolgemut (1892 - 1966) - Soviet Ukrainian opera singer (lyric-dramatic soprano), actress, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1936)
Panas (Athanasius) Karpovich Saksagansky (real name - Tobilevich; 1859-1940) - Ukrainian and Soviet actor, theater director, playwright and teacher of the school of Mark Kropyvnytsky, a coryphaeus of the Ukrainian domestic theater. People's Artist of the USSR (1936)
Kulyash (Gulbahram) Zhasynovna Baiseitova (kaz. Kulash Zhasynkyzy Baiseitova (January 12, 1912, Verny, Turkestan Governor-General, Russian Empire - June 6, 1957, Moscow, USSR) - an outstanding Soviet opera singer (lyric-coloratura soprano), dramatic actress, People's Artist of the USSR (1936)
Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov (April 1, 1883, Plakhino village, Ryazan province - July 8, 1946, Berlin) - Soviet Russian composer, choral conductor, choirmaster, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1937), Major General (1943). The author of the music of the Anthem of the USSR, and the Anthem of the Russian Federation set to the same melody.
Alla Konstantinovna Tarasova (1898-1973) - Soviet theater and film actress. Laureate of five Stalin Prizes (1941, 1946 - twice, 1947, 1949). Hero of Socialist Labor (1973), People's Artist of the USSR (1937)
Nikolai Pavlovich Khmelev (July 28 (August 10), 1901, Sormovo - November 1, 1945, Moscow) - Soviet actor, director. People's Artist of the USSR (1937). Laureate of three Stalin Prizes of the first degree (1941, 1942, 1946 - posthumously)
Mikhail Mikhailovich Tarkhanov (real name - Moskvin) (September 7 (19), 1877 - 1948) - Russian and Soviet theater and film actor, director, teacher, doctor of art history (1939). People's Artist of the USSR (1937).
Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova (1886-1961) - Russian Soviet opera singer (mezzo-soprano). Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree (1943). People's Artist of the USSR (1937)
Olga Leonardovna Knipper-Chekhova (September 9 (21), 1868, Glazov - March 22, 1959, Moscow) - Russian and Soviet actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1937). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1943). Wife of A.P. Chekhov.
Alexander Alekseevich Ostuzhev (real name - Pozharov; 1874 - 1953) - Russian and Soviet actor. People's Artist of the USSR (1937)
Vera Nikolaevna Pashennaya (1887-1962) - Russian and Soviet theater and film actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1937)
Prov Mikhailovich Sadovsky (junior) (1874-1947) - Russian and Soviet actor, theater director. People's Artist of the USSR (1937)
Alexandra Alexandrovna Yablochkina (1866-1964) - Russian and Soviet theater actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1937), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1943), three times holder of the Order of Lenin
Reinhold Moritsevich Glier (name at birth - Reinhold Ernest Glier) (January 11, 1875 (December 30, 1874) - June 23, 1956) - Soviet composer, conductor, teacher, musical and public figure. People's Artist of the USSR (1938)
Solomon Mikhailovich Mikhoels (Yiddish שלמה מיכאָעלס, Shloyme Mikhoels; real name Vovsi; 1890-1948) - Soviet Jewish theater actor and director, teacher, public and political figure. People's Artist of the USSR (1939). Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the second degree (1946). Killed by the MGB. The murder is disguised as a traffic accident.
Haykanush Baghdasarovna (Anna Borisovna) Danielyan (arm. Հայկանուշ Դանիյելյան; 1893-1958) was an Armenian Soviet singer (lyric-coloratura soprano). People's Artist of the USSR (1939)
Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky (March 11 (24), 1900, Maryanovka village, Kyiv province - December 21, 1993, Moscow) - Soviet opera and chamber singer (lyric tenor), director. People's Artist of the USSR (1940).
Evdokia Dmitrievna Turchaninova (1870-1963) - Russian and Soviet theater actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1943).
Ruben Nikolaevich Simonov (Arm. Ռուբեն Նիկողայոսի Սիմոնյանց; 1899-1968) - Soviet Russian actor, theater and film director, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1946).
Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev (literary pseudonym - Igor Glebov; 1884 - 1949) - Russian Soviet composer, musicologist, music critic, teacher. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1943), People's Artist of the USSR (1946)
Nikolai Konstantinovich Cherkasov (1903-1966) - an outstanding Soviet theater and film actor.
People's Artist of the USSR (1947). Winner of the Lenin Prize (1964) and five Stalin Prizes (1941, 1946, 1950, 1951 - twice).
Grigory Vasilievich Alexandrov (real name Mormonenko; 1903-1983), Soviet Russian film director, actor, screenwriter. People's Artist of the USSR (1948)
Yuri Alexandrovich Zavadsky (June 30, 1894, Moscow - April 5, 1977, Moscow) - Soviet Russian actor and director, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1948).
Nikolai Pavlovich Okhlopkov (May 2, 1900, Irkutsk - January 8, 1967, Moscow) - Russian Soviet theater and film actor, director, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1948). Laureate of six Stalin Prizes (1941, 1947, 1949 - twice, 1951 - twice).
Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin (1893-1953) - Soviet Russian film director, actor, screenwriter, artist, teacher. Laureate of three Stalin Prizes (1941, 1947, 1951). People's Artist of the USSR (1948).
Ivan Alexandrovich Pyryev (November 17, 1901 - February 7, 1968) - Soviet Russian film director, actor, screenwriter. People's Artist of the USSR (1948). Six-time winner of the Stalin Prize (1941, 1942, 1943, 1946, 1948, 1951).
Olga Nikolaevna Androvskaya (real name - Schultz; 1898-1975) - Soviet theater and film actress, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1948). Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree (1952). Aunt Alexei Batalov
Alexei Nikolaevich Gribov (1902-1977) - Soviet theater and film actor, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR (1948), Hero of Socialist Labor (1972), winner of four Stalin Prizes (1942, 1946, 1951, 1952)
Boris Nikolaevich Livanov (1904 - 1972) - Russian Soviet actor and director. People's Artist of the USSR (1948). Laureate of five Stalin Prizes (1941, 1942, 1947, 1949, 1950) and the State Prize of the USSR (1970).
Citizens of the USSR who achieved outstanding creative success in any field of activity were encouraged by the main prize of the country. The Stalin Prize relied on those who radically improved production methods, as well as the creators of scientific theories, technologies, and outstanding examples of art (literature, theater, cinema, painting, sculpture, architecture).
Joseph Stalin
There was a prize named after the leader for thirteen years - from 1940 to 1953, and was established a little earlier - in December 1939. The Stalin Prize did not have a state fund, the laureates were subsidized from the personal salary of I.V. Stalin, which was enormous according to the status - his two positions were paid ten thousand rubles each monthly.
The prize fund was also royalties for publishing the leader’s books in the USSR and abroad, which were also many, and the payments at that time were rather big (Alexei Tolstoy even became the first Soviet millionaire). The Stalin Prize took a lot of money, almost everything. That is why after the death of the leader, a meager amount remained on him - nine hundred rubles, while the average salary of a worker often exceeded seven hundred.
History
In 1939, in December, the sixtieth birthday of the leader was officially celebrated, and in honor of this event a prize named after him appeared. In February 1940, the Council of People's Commissars already decided to establish prizes of one hundred thousand rubles (1st degree), fifty thousand rubles (2nd degree) and twenty-five thousand rubles (3rd degree) for the best literary works (prose, poetry, dramaturgy, literary criticism), as well as for achievements in other fields of art. In addition, the prize was awarded annually to figures who made a special contribution to science, culture, technology or the organization of production.
In 1941, the Stalin Prize was awarded to the very first laureates. The record holder for the number of Stalin Prizes awarded was S. V. Ilyushin, the famous aircraft designer, seven times marked by the special attention of the leader. Film directors Yu. A. Raizman and I. A. Pyriev, writer K. M. Simonov, aircraft designer A. S. Yakovlev, composer S. S. Prokofiev and some others received the award six times each. Actresses and Alla Tarasova became five-time winners of the Stalin Prize.
institution
The USSR Stalin Prize (originally called the Stalin Prize) was established by two decrees. On December 20, 1939, the Council of People's Commissars decided: to award sixteen annual Stalin Prizes (100 thousand rubles) to scientists and artists for particularly outstanding work in the following areas: technical, physical and mathematical, biological, chemical, medical, agricultural, economic, philosophical, legal and historical and philological sciences, painting, music, sculpture, theatrical art, architecture, cinematography.
Ten awards of the first degree, twenty - second, thirty - third degree for the best inventions were also established, plus three awards of the first degree, five - the second and ten - the third degree for special achievements in the field of military knowledge. A separate decree regarding the writers who were awarded the annual Stalin Prize was adopted in February 1940, and it indicated that four prizes of the first degree were due to winners in each type of literary activity: prose, poetry, literary criticism, dramaturgy.
Changes
The size of the Stalin Prize in rubles and the number of laureates have changed many times, and never downward, on the contrary - instead of one laureate of the first degree, for example, already in 1940 there were three in each nomination. In 1942, the premium (first degree) increased to two hundred thousand rubles. In addition, in 1949 a new one appeared - the International "For Between Nations". He distributed the awards directly to the Council of People's Commissars, in which two special committees were created: one worked to award prizes in science, military knowledge and invention, and the second dealt with literature and art.
At first, only new works that were completed in a given year were noted. Applicants who finalized their works in terms later than mid-October were included in the lists of the next year. Then the deadlines were revised, and the winners could be people who deserved the award for work over the past six to seven years. Thus, those who were awarded the Stalin Prize found themselves in favorable conditions. Many evidence suggests that Iosif Vissarionovich was directly involved in the distribution of prizes in his name (and his own finances), sometimes the decision was made almost single-handedly.
liquidation
After Stalin's death, the will was not found, so publication fees could not be used to encourage laureates. After 1954, the Stalin Prize ceased to exist. Then began the notorious campaign to eradicate the cult of the leader.
In 1956, the Lenin Prize was established, which in fact replaced the Stalin Prize. Laureates of the Stalin Prize after 1966 changed diplomas and badges of honor. Even the name was systematically changed everywhere, in encyclopedias and reference books, the Stalin Prize began to be called the State Prize of the USSR. Information about the laureates turned out to be mystified and dosed.
Separation rules
There was a special resolution of the Council of People's Commissars on the fair distribution of the prize among several participants in the work for which it was awarded. If two people (co-authors) were awarded one prize, then the amount was divided equally. For three, the distribution was different: the head received half, and two performers received a quarter of the total amount. If there were a lot of people, then the leader received a third, the rest was equally divided in the team.
The first winners of the Stalin Prize in physics - in mathematics - A. N. Kolmogorov, in biology - T. D. Lysenko, in medicine - A. A. Bogomolets, V. P. Filatov, N. N. Burdenko, in geology - V A. Obruchev, the famous gunsmith V. A. Degtyarev was noted for inventions, S. A. Lavochkin for aircraft design, A. M. Gerasimov for painting, and V. I. Mukhina for sculpture.
The designer of the Kievskaya and Komsomolskaya metro stations, architect D.N. Chechulin, was also awarded the Stalin Prize. A. N. Tolstoy received it for the book "Peter the Great", M. A. Sholokhov - for the novel "Quiet Don", and the playwright was awarded after staging the play "The Man with a Gun".
How the works were considered
The work of the scientific warehouse was considered preliminary with the involvement of scientists corresponding to the specialty, expert commissions of practitioners and even entire research institutes. Then the assessment was more complete and comprehensive with the issuance of a special opinion for the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.
If necessary, representatives of research institutes and scientific organizations were present at the meetings of the Committee. Decisions were made by closed ballot voting.
badge of honor
After receiving the prize, each laureate received the corresponding title and the laureate of the Stalin Prize, which had to be worn on the right side next to the orders. It was made of silver in the form of a convex oval, covered with white enamel and bordered on the bottom with a gold laurel wreath. The enamel depicted the sunrise - golden rays, against which a red enamel star with a golden rim shone at the top. The inscription in gold letters read: "To the Laureate of the Stalin Prize."
The top of the oval was framed by a corrugated ribbon of blue enamel with gold trim, on which was written "USSR". A silver and gilded plate, to which a badge of honor was attached through an eyelet and a ring, was also with an inscription: it indicated in Arabic numerals the year the prize was awarded. The publication in the press about the laureates of the current year always appeared on December 21 - the birthday of I.V. Stalin.
War
In the terrible years of the war, this high award also found those who distinguished themselves, since the creative intelligentsia worked like never before - in a powerful patriotic impulse and with enduring initiative. Soviet scientists, innovators, and inventors were well aware that it was now that the country needed their work more than during times of peace and tranquility. Even 1941 brought the greatest achievements of the intelligentsia in almost all areas of life.
The industry was reorganized on a war footing, the resources of raw materials were expanded, and the capacity of production increased. The Stalin Prize of the first degree was awarded to the work of a group of academicians under the leadership of the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences V. L. Komarov, who explored and developed ways for the development of the industry of the Urals - ferrous metallurgy, energy, building materials and everything else. The result was a huge expansion of production in all types of industry.
N. D. Zelinsky did a lot for defense chemistry. He also received this award. Professor M. V. Keldysh and Candidate of Technical Sciences E. P. Grossman worked hard for the Soviet aircraft industry: they developed the theory of elastic vibrations and came up with a method for calculating aircraft for flutter, for which they were awarded the Stalin Prize of the 2nd degree.
Dmitry Shostakovich
The composer, outstanding in terms of creative power, wrote his famous "Seventh Symphony" in besieged Leningrad before the evacuation. This work immediately entered the treasury of world musical art. The all-conquering humanism, the readiness to fight to the death with the dark forces, the unshakable truth that sounds in every note, won worldwide recognition immediately and forever. In 1942, this work was awarded the Stalin Prize of the first degree.
Dmitry Shostakovich - three more times the winner of the Stalin Prize in addition to the first: for the beautiful trio of 1946 - the prize of the first degree, and then - the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR, in 1950 his oratorio "Song of the Forests" to the verses of Dolmatovsky and Music to the film "The Fall of Berlin". In 1952, he received another Stalin Prize of the second degree for a suite for the choir.
Faina Ranevskaya
For many years, the favorite of the public worked, who did not play a single main role in the cinema. She is an exceptionally talented actress. She received the Stalin Prize three times: twice the second degree and once the third.
In 1949 - for the role of Losev's wife in Stein's "Law of Honor" (Moscow Drama Theater), in 1951 - for the role of Agrippina in Suvorov's "Dawn over Moscow" (the theater is the same), in the same year - for the role of Frau Wurst in the movie "They Have a Motherland". In principle, any role performed by Faina Georgievna could be awarded this honor, since the classics of Soviet cinema were mostly created by this actress, winner of the Stalin Prize. In her time she was great, and even now there is probably no person who would not know her name.
Russian theater and film actress, Honored Artist of the USSR, laureate of the Stalin and State Prizes of the USSR, holder of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, winner of the Crystal Turandot and A. Yablochkina awards Vera Vasilyeva was born in the Tver region, in the village of Dry Ruchey, on September 30, 1925, in a family of ordinary workers. Her mother, Alexandra Andreevna, was a graduate of a commercial school, studied French and always dreamed of living in a big city. She worked at a factory, managed to raise three daughters, and in the evenings attended courses for engineers in the planning department. Father, Kuzma Vasilievich, worked at the same factory as a driver. Vera was captivated by the theater from an early age, when she accidentally got to see the opera The Tsar's Bride. She was so shocked by the stage atmosphere that she began to arrange her own theatrical performances at home: she composed arias, dressed up in bizarre fictional costumes and sang to the guys in the yard. At the age of 12, she enrolled in a choir singing group. Studying at school did not give her great pleasure, although she tried to keep up in all subjects. But her thoughts were absorbed by the theatre. Vera Vasilyeva spent all her free time in the theater library, studying everything related to the theater and the stage. Together with her friend Katya Rozovskaya (now a famous theater expert), Vera admired the old performances of the Moscow Art Theater, dreaming of one day being on the other side of the auditorium. In 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. Vera Vasilyeva was forced to go to work as a milling machine operator at a factory, while simultaneously studying at an evening school and attending a drama club at the ZIL Palace of Culture. The dream of becoming an artist did not leave her, despite the difficult military period in the country and in the life of every person. – I used to haul peat at the peat extraction sites. But there was a war, we all worked. And then, in youth, in general, everything seems simple. But even then I knew for sure that I would become an artist. If it hadn't happened, I would have killed myself. The Vasiliev family was scattered by the war in different parts of Russia. Mom and little brother Vasya were evacuated to Bashkiria, the older sister was assigned to Kyrgyzstan after graduating from a medical institute, the second sister was also sent for evacuation. In 1943, Vera Vasilyeva entered the Moscow City Theater School. In 1948, having received a professional acting education, Vera Vasilyeva became an actress of the Moscow Academic Theater of Satire, with which all her further work is connected. 1948 brought Vasilyeva popular love and fame as a movie actress. She was invited to the role of Nastya Gusenkova in the film "The Legend of the Siberian Land" (dir. Ivan Pyryev). – I remember how the director Ivan Pyryev saw me, young, at the auditions for the film “The Legend of the Siberian Land” and was stunned: I came with makeup, with terrible curls, dressed “like an actress” - defiantly ... He ordered me to wash, do a normal hairstyle, change clothes into other clothes, and insert two stockings folded into a ball into the cut of the dress, so that at least there were breasts ... So a modest village girl turned out of me. For the popular image of a naive girl who sincerely believes in a bright future, Vera Vasilyeva received an award from Stalin. September 25, 2010 - Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (for a great contribution to the development of domestic theatrical art and many years of creative activity) 2010 - Prize "For Honor and Dignity" of the National Theater Award "Golden Mask" 2000 - Order of Merit before the Fatherland ”IV degree 1996 - laureate of the Crystal Turandot award 1986 - People's Artist of the USSR Order of the Red Banner of Labor 1951 - Stalin Prize III degree 1948 - Stalin Prize I degree In the cinema, Vera Vasilyeva played about 30 roles. But, according to the actress herself, her theatrical life was much more important to her. - It just so happened that my first films - "The Legend" and "Wedding with a Dowry" - immediately fell in love. But in general, most of my tapes have no creative meaning for me. The most beloved by the audience were the roles in the comedy "The Adventures of a Dentist", in the film "Wedding with a Dowry", in the drama "Minor", in the musical comedy "Carnival". On account of Vera Vasilyeva about 40 theatrical roles played on the stage of her native Theater of Satire. Her main works: Countess Almaviva in the play Crazy Day, or The Marriage of Figaro, Olga Stepanova in the production of Wedding with a Dowry, Domna Platonovna in the play based on N.S. Leskov "Warrior" and others. Vera Vasilyeva is deservedly considered a real Russian artist, with her characteristic innocence, simplicity, sincerity and natural charm. She is respected and dearly loved by fans of the theater and cinema, her colleagues, relatives and friends. Vera Vasilyeva is involved in charity work. For more than 20 years she has been the secretary of the Union of Theater Workers, as well as the chairman of the Social Commission. For more than 50 years, Vera Vasilyeva was married to the artist of the Theater of Satire Vladimir Ushakov.
4. Ladynina Marina Alekseevna - Soviet theater and film actress. People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of five Stalin Prizes.
5. Govorov Vladimir Leonidovich - Soviet military leader, army general, Hero of the Soviet Union.
6.Dovator Lev Mikhailovich - Soviet military leader, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union. Talalikhin Viktor Vasilyevich - military pilot, deputy squadron commander of the 177th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 6th Fighter Aviation Corps of the Air Defense Forces of the country, junior lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union. Panfilov Ivan Vasilievich - Soviet military leader, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union.
7. Nikulin Yuri Vladimirovich - Soviet and Russian actor and clown. People's Artist of the USSR (1973). Hero of Socialist Labor (1990). Member of the Great Patriotic War. Member of the CPSU (b).
8. Gilyarovsky Vladimir Alekseevich - (December 8 (November 26), 1855, an estate in the Vologda province - October 1, 1935, Moscow) - writer, journalist, everyday writer of Moscow.
9. Shukshin Vasily Makarovich - an outstanding Russian Soviet writer, film director, actor, screenwriter.
10. Fadeev Alexander Alexandrovich - Russian Soviet writer and public figure. Brigadier Commissioner. Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree. Member of the RCP(b) since 1918. (Roman Young Guard)
11. Durov Vladimir Leonidovich - Russian trainer and circus artist. Honored Artist of the Republic. Brother of Anatoly Leonidovich Durov.
12. Rybalko Pavel Semyonovich - an outstanding Soviet military leader, marshal of armored forces, commander of tank and combined arms armies, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
13. Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov - Soviet physicist, founder of the scientific school of physical optics in the USSR, academician and president of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Laureate of four Stalin Prizes. The younger brother of N. I. Vavilov, a Soviet geneticist.
January 1860, July 2, 1904) - Russian writer, playwright, doctor by profession. Honorary Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature. He is a universally recognized classic of world literature. His plays, especially The Cherry Orchard, have been staged in many theaters around the world for a hundred years. One of the most famous playwrights in the world.”]
14. Chekhov Anton Pavlovich (17
26. Fotieva Lidia Alexandrovna - a member of the Bolshevik Party since 1904. In 1918-1930 - secretary of the Council of People's Commissars and the STO, at the same time in 1918-1924 - personal secretary of V. I. Lenin)