Removable metal formwork. What is good about metal formwork. Formwork material. Features of metal formwork. What structure is called steel formwork

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BORA - EUROPEAN LEVEL FORMWORK

Profile from low-alloy steel S355MC manufactured by VOESTALPINE (Austria).
The corners of the shields are reinforced with cast elements.
Guaranteed 600 concreting cycles.
Complies with class I according to GOST R 52085-2003
The maximum admissible pressure of the laid concrete is 90 kN / m2.
The maximum deflection of the shields is not more than 1/400 of the span.
Pouring concrete structures up to 3.6 m high without speed limits.
Symmetrical backboards 3.0 m, including linear backboards 2.4 m wide.
Plastic coated plywood deck (optional).
Convenient and quick installation.
High quality assembly and painting.

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

High-quality Austrian VOESTALPINE profile made of high-strength micro-alloy steel S355MC according to DIN EN 10149-2-95. The strength of this steel is 40% higher compared to Steel 20.

Shields 2.4m wide

This structure has better technical characteristics in relation to other elements (in particular, the deflections are less compared to other elements).
Optimal dimensions for transportation, width 2.4 m is normally placed in vehicles.
Fewer components used per 1 sq. M of formwork area.
When installing, it is not required to install plugs on the holes, because ties pass through all the holes.
The panels are very advantageously positioned in any direction, which allows you to have 2 heights and widths of the formwork.

All BORA formwork panels are made with a quality that exceeds the requirements for 1st class formwork in accordance with GOST R 52085-2003 "Formwork. General technical conditions".

An angle of 30 degrees under the lock is the most optimal for alignment, mating and ensuring tightness. The profile has a side to protect the edge of the plywood, the space between the side and the plywood is filled with sealant. The presence of a tapered sleeve allows the screed to be installed at an angle of 5 degrees in any direction. This significantly reduces installation time and improves assembly convenience, directly lowering your costs.

Design features of formwork panels

Shield design Calculation scheme

The frame is welded on a robotic system, which guarantees particularly high quality and durability.

Shields 3m high are absolutely symmetrical, which eliminates errors during formwork installation, increases the convenience and speed of formwork assembly.

Convenient handles to facilitate the work of formwork installers and provide the necessary safety.

We are convinced that it is possible to create high-class formwork only from high-quality materials, using modern production technologies and innovative design solutions. BORA is an ideal geometry of elements, manufacturability of operation and durability.

The formwork panels are calculated in accordance with GOST R52085-2003.

Deflection diagram Stress diagram

We have calculated a reliable system that meets the needs of modern construction. With changes in the materials used for monolithic construction (for example, when using self-compacting concrete), the load on the formwork structures increases. High strength materials can be used to achieve the best results.

A rectangular distributed load of 90 kN / m2 was taken as the calculated one. Calculations and tests of the system have shown that all technical indicators correspond to the permissible ones.

The formwork allows you to withstand pouring concrete with a height of up to 3.6 m without speed limitation.

The frame structure is reinforced with cast corners. The recess is designed to conveniently push the boards into the mounting level using a steel bar.

Formwork accessories

Optionally, it is possible to manufacture a deck of panels from plywood with a plastic coating thickness of 1, 6 mm. Plastic-coated deck is more resistant to mechanical damage and has a service life 2.5-3 times longer than a deck made of film faced plywood.

Cast locks for connecting BORA formwork panels are manufactured by ARI Ltd. on equipment of European quality.

Cast wedge lock KRAMOS ensures smooth connection of panels of panels.
The leveling wedge lock of the formwork ensures a better connection of the panels and allows you to install an extension up to 100 mm between the panels.

The elongated lock KRAMOS provides connection of panels with extrusions up to 250mm.

The quality of the joints of all surfaces of the formwork panels determines the obtaining of an excellent concrete surface, as well as reducing the cost of additional components, for example, the number of struts used to level the panels.

The content of the article

Removable formwork is most often rented. After all, it can be cleaned and returned back by paying relatively small (especially in comparison with the full cost of a one-time option) money for daily use of the structure. Therefore, the removable option, despite its initially high price, will cost you less than any other design.

Varieties of removable formwork

The classification of removable formwork can be built according to the following criteria:

The type of structural material used to build the building envelope.
The method of using the form (removable for walls, foundations, and so on);
Formwork design features.

Advantages and disadvantages of formwork material

According to the first criterion (structural material), structures are divided into:

Therefore, if you are interested in renting formwork, pay attention to plastic forms or metal shields. Wooden structures are not worth renting.

Scope of formwork

According to the second criterion (scope), structures are divided into:

Foundations are forms used for pouring strip or slab bases.
Wall structures are forms used for the construction of load-bearing or conventional walls, as well as for the construction of interior partitions.
Forms for pouring slabs - formwork for pouring basement, interfloor or attic dividing structures.

The most complex system is used to form the structure of the grillage or floor slab. In this case, a thin slab is poured, the plane of which should be perfectly flat, both from below and from above.

Moreover, the floor slab is mounted on supports and this entire system can be poured into the overall structure in one pass. That is, the slab formwork can consist of a horizontal component (under the slab) and a vertical part (under the supports).

Therefore, for floors, it is worth renting a professional formwork option - a constructor made of polymer shields, from which you can build a form of any configuration.

Metal formworks are rejected due to their significant weight, and wooden ones - due to insufficient strength of the panels.

Formwork construction types

According to the third criterion (type of construction), formworks are divided into:

As a large-panel form, it is best to use a wooden structure consisting of large-sized sheets of plywood or oriented strand board reinforced with a wooden beam.

For a small-panel structure, it is best to take a professional polymer formwork with its complex fastening system, which allows the panels to be positioned in any way.

For a movable structure, it is best to use a metal formwork formed in the form of a finished block or a volumetric element. Such an element has high rigidity due to the natural strength of the metal.

How to make a removable structure with your own hands

Let's clarify right away: you can make only metal or wooden formwork with your own hands.

Plastic enclosing structures are manufactured at factories using presses that push through a heated sheet of structural polymer.

Wooden formwork

The basis of timber formwork is a panel, which can be made from a finished plywood sheet or oriented strand board.

Moreover, the plywood must be laminated, and the board must be moisture resistant. After all, the absorption of moisture from concrete will slow down, or even disrupt the process of formation of a cement stone.

For the same reason, it is worth refraining from the typical practice of using a thin board (shalevka) as a shield, which does not have sufficient hydrophobicity.

A shield of the desired shape is cut out of the sheet material. The outer side of the shield is reinforced with a 5x5 centimeters bar, which is stuffed or fixed on self-tapping screws from the outside. Moreover, a lattice with cells of 25x25 centimeters is formed from the bar.

The number and shape of the boards is determined based on their area of the edges of the poured architectural element.

The fixation of individual elements (shields) into the overall structure is carried out using latches attached to the outer beam of the sheathing of a separate shield. And as a load-bearing frame, piece slopes, stops and cross beams are used.

Metal formwork

The basis of the metal formwork is sheet metal, which is attached to the frame from shaped pipes or corners. Moreover, the minimum thickness of sheet metal is 1-1.5 millimeters, and the minimum section of a profile pipe is 2x2 centimeters.

Fastening of the sheet to the pipe is carried out for spot welding or self-tapping screws for metal. During the assembly process, a crate is formed with cells from 20x20 to 40x40 centimeters (depending on the thickness of the sheet metal).

The assembly of the block is carried out using spot welding (a standard arc will melt a thin pipe). Moreover, the internal space of the block is determined by the desired shape of the segment of the architectural element.

The term "formwork" means an auxiliary building structure intended for the construction of important elements of the structure. Metal formwork is used, as a rule, when arranging reinforced concrete structures with overestimated operational characteristics. The purpose of the formwork is to provide reliable waterproofing of the foundation, to protect the concrete layer of the walls from abrasion and premature destruction.

Along with the arrangement of the foundation and supports of the building, in a number of cases, formwork is used when installing the load-bearing elements of the above-ground part of the structure: columns, floors and walls. The defining property of any formwork is its easy dismantling without damaging the hardened concrete layer and free movement from column to column when using floating technologies.

To prevent adhesion and hardening of the concrete mixture on the formwork sheets, experts recommend using special fastening and fixing devices in combination with special lubricants.

General features of the installation of formwork systems

Modern manufacturers produce a huge number of types of metal formwork systems, differing from each other in fixing devices and installation features. The second name for such technologies is inventory formwork.

The metal formwork is assembled from individual panels

The optimal view should be chosen depending on the purpose and structural characteristics of the elements being erected: foundation, wall, floor, etc. As a rule, the following elements are included in the formwork kit:

a row of shields;
fasteners;
restraining and additional devices.

The ready-made kit should allow the construction of the structure on time.

For each formwork set, the manufacturer issues a technical passport, reflecting the purpose of the set, the main properties and the specifics of the components. The relevance of purchasing such sets increases significantly with the reusable use of formwork in large-scale construction.

For storage of formwork devices with regular installation and dismantling, it will be useful to prepare a special site located at an equidistant place from the elements being erected.

The installation procedure for the formwork system includes the following operations:

gripping and moving the formwork panel to the installation site;
temporary fixation of a composite element;
alignment of contours and verticals of the surface;
final fastening with fasteners and retaining accessories.

Accordingly, the dismantling procedure implies the reverse sequence of actions. With a significant cyclicality of the use of formwork sets, it is recommended to carry out an external inspection before installing them, cleaning the working planes from adhering dirt, partial repairs and lubrication.

Advantages of metal formwork

The metal formwork has high strength and is easy to dismantle

Foundation metal formwork has the following defining advantages:

the ability to manufacture a perfectly flat wall surface;
simplicity of work (a short dismantling period and quick assembly of metal formwork are due, respectively, to the preliminary lubrication of the sheets and the manufacture of components at the factory);
the required rigidity (under the influence of a relatively high pressure, metal shields do not bend, maintaining the ideal shape of the part of the structure being equipped);
high turnover or repeated use (the service life of metal sheets is limited only by such a property as metal fatigue, but its manifestation is possible only after a significant period of time of regular use of such material).

If it is necessary to use one-time formwork sheets, it is recommended to use the services of renting metal products. In this case, the maximum quality of the foundation surfaces being erected will be achieved without significant cash injections.

Like any building material, metal has a significant drawback - it is the most expensive raw material. Despite this, in recent years, the popularity of using metal formwork has been constantly increasing due to the fact that the presented minus is more than offset by the advantages of this material.

Types of formwork structures

The transom formwork consists of panels, straps and struts

At the moment, types of foundation formwork containing metal products are widely used in large-scale construction. The most common of these are the following types:

girder-transom;
large panel board;
small-panel board;
formwork-facing.

The question of choosing the optimal type of formwork system largely depends on the consideration of technologies and rules for the installation of structures, as well as the technical and financial capabilities of the developer.

Beam-transom view

Cross-beam formwork is often used to fill columns

In most cases, the presented type of formwork is used in the manufacture of monolithic or prefabricated monolithic structures. With its help, floor slabs, load-bearing walls, column elements and foundations are formed.

The use of girder-girder technology is due to the possibility of creating an ideal concrete surface both in the forward direction and in a certain shape, with the required curvature.

At the same time, the increased strength of the formwork structures makes it possible to equip columns of various cross-sections and areas, which make the presented technology indispensable for the construction of structures replete with a variety of architectural elements.

The advantages of the investigated species include:

moderate lightness of construction;
ease of installation of walls and the possibility of combining component elements;
high speed of dismantling;
the possibility of repeated use without intermediate cleaning procedures;
the possibility of using in combination with other formwork technologies.

Large-panel type

Formwork system for foundations of the presented type includes a collapsible and non-collapsible profile made of aluminum and steel. Laminated pressed wood (plywood) with a sheet thickness of up to 18 mm was chosen as the material for the formwork panels.

Large-panel formwork is used for the construction of walls and ceilings

The finished structure is assembled from wooden panels, connected at any angle to each other using hinged elements. Permissible load - 8,000 kg / sq.m. The connection and alignment of the shuttering sheets is carried out by means of wedge-shaped locks. The named fasteners are fixed in a special groove located on the inside of the boards, along the future walls. Subsequently, the recruited number of shields is reinforced and tightened with a special hairpin and a set of nuts.

The shape of the shield elements provides for interchangeability, as well as the ability to install both vertically and horizontally, which provides a wide functionality of such a formwork system.

Among the advantages of large-panel formwork should be highlighted:

technological flexibility;
moderate installation speed;
ease of arrangement of floors and sanitary facilities.

Disadvantages of the presented type:

problematic uniform placement of the concrete composition;
a significant number of manipulations with special equipment.

Large-panel formwork finds its application in the construction of massive structures for housing and civil buildings.

Small-panel type

A distinctive feature of the named technology in comparison with the large-panel type is in the dimensions of the components. The main advantage of a small-panel temporary structure is the ability to create any small architectural form for pouring concrete.

Moderate lightness and small size of the component parts make it possible to carry out installation by hand without the involvement of special equipment both in the vertical and horizontal directions, which significantly saves the budget and allows you to erect elements of almost any shape.

Watch the video how the installation of small-panel type of formwork systems is carried out.

As in the previous types, all components are manufactured in the factory, which ensures high quality of the joint seams. In this regard, the presented inventory formwork finds its application in private construction, especially when erecting a foundation.

Conclusion

Inventory formwork is one of the most effective types of formwork systems that allows you to erect the necessary structural element with high quality and in the shortest possible time: a foundation or a wall. During the installation of the presented view, it is necessary to focus on the accuracy of the assembly. When starting concreting, with particular attention, you should check the reliability of the locks and contacts of the coupling devices.

Competent adherence to the instructions, the proposed advice and the requirements of regulatory documents will guarantee the reliable functioning of the structure under construction.

The foundations of buildings and other structures are of three types.

The first type is called a pillar foundation. It is a row of posts evenly installed in a pre-dug trench. The columns are most often laid out of bricks. In this case, no formwork is required. But in some cases, the pillar foundation is mounted either in the form of monolithic pillars, or it is poured into a pre-prepared structure, most often metal. In both cases, formwork is already being used. When a monolithic post is being erected, a removable formwork is used. In other cases, permanent formwork is used. It can be a metal pipe or other round or square product. Pillar-type foundations are used in the construction of only objects of individuals or objects that do not have a height. For example, a one-story warehouse, a barn, etc.

The second type of foundation is a prefabricated foundation. It represents foundation concrete and reinforced concrete blocks or fragments of concrete, reinforced concrete products laid in a pre-dug trench. When installing a block foundation, no formwork is required. If a foundation is laid from debris, the formwork is used when the laid products are poured with concrete. This type of foundation is used in the construction of low-rise buildings, mainly in rural areas and in private housing construction.

The third type of foundation is a strip foundation or, in other words, a grillage. The most common type of foundation. It is used both in private housing construction and in the construction of buildings and structures on an industrial scale. The grillage is a monolithic structure. A concrete solution is poured into a pre-dug trench. Reinforcement can be applied depending on the design load. That is, reinforcement is laid before pouring the solution. When installing the grillage, formwork is mandatory.

Formwork characteristics

Formwork is a structure that gives, in our case, a given shape to the foundation. The formwork consists of panels, which, in turn, consist of a frame, a deck and fasteners. The boards are connected and fastened using racks, slopes and struts. The main part of the formwork is the deck. This is the name of its surface, which is in contact with concrete.

The formwork can be removable and non-removable. Removable formwork is used to lay the strip foundation. The main characteristic of the formwork is its strength. It is from this indicator that the choice of formwork depends. The strength of the formwork depends on the type of structure, its design load. Therefore, in advance, without knowing the requirements of the project, it makes no sense to talk about the technical characteristics of the formwork.

Most often, the formwork is made directly at the construction site. But companies that produce scaffolding and formwork for construction work produce both standard ready-made formwork with averaged parameters, and according to individual orders for a specific project.

The formwork produced by the industry is a shield, the frame of which is most often made of metal. The formwork deck can be made of wood, plastic, metal. So far, we are only interested in metal formwork. For the manufacture of such formwork, both steel and aluminum are used. Aluminum is preferred, although more expensive, because it does not corrode. That is, shields made of aluminum can be used much longer than steel ones. Metal formwork panels have a significantly higher strength compared to panels made of other materials. In addition, they can be used for much longer. True, their cost is higher, but on the other hand, you can install more foundations with their help.

The dimensions of the formwork panel also depend on the selected building project. When choosing standard shields of metal formwork, it must be borne in mind that the depth of soil freezing in our country is at least 70 cm. That is, the height of the formwork must be at least this figure.

General requirements for metal formwork for foundations

The formwork must be highly reliable and durable.
Its design and foundation must be unchanged and of the correct shape.
The formwork must be resistant to loads and deflections.
The formwork must be universal. That is, designed in such a way that the system can be used for laying a foundation, and for erecting walls, etc.
The parameters and geometry of the formwork structure must be precisely observed.
The service life of the formwork must be long.

Manufacturers

Group of companies Kramos. All types of formwork. Assistance in scaffolding and formwork design. It produces both standard formwork panels and custom-made ones, as well as provides formwork for rent.
Delmet's Industrial and Commercial Union. This union produces, carries out design work, rents and repairs formwork.

You can buy these and other types of formwork for the construction of the foundation from us by placing an order by phone.

Typically, for pouring cement mortar, a base for pouring from boards or other materials made of wood is used. But metal formwork also has a number of advantages. There are two ways to apply a metal mold:

Panel mold made of metal (It is mainly used to form walls, concrete foundations, floors.);
Fixed form made of metal (Made from profiled sheet.).

The use of a frame for pouring a metal solution for the construction of a private house.

The use of a panel metal mold is preferable, since the installation of a profiled sheet is more problematic, it is difficult to use it as a removable formwork, and this increases costs.

If you do not need to reuse the foundation mold, then it makes no sense to spend a lot of money on the purchase of a new set of shields. It is easier and more economical to rent a shield mold.

The advantages of using metal panel formwork:

Fast installation of the structure (For the installation of the panel mold, special fasteners are used, thanks to which the structure of the required size is assembled very quickly.);
Geometric accuracy of the finished structure (Despite the fact that the aluminum formwork for the foundation has been used many times, it will provide higher accuracy than wood.);
Low cost of use (The rent will cost several times cheaper than buying wood panels.);
No need to use a large amount of fastening materials;
Metal, unlike wood, does not allow moisture to pass through, so the likelihood of quick drying of the foundation is minimized;
Reliability of the structure (Using a wooden form for the foundation there is a possibility that the cement mortar can destroy it. With metal shields, the destruction of the formwork, if properly installed, will not happen.);
Using an aluminum form, installation is very easy, due to the low weight of the structure;
A metal frame for pouring cement does not corrode as quickly as a wooden one, so you should not be afraid of scratches and bumps.

Disadvantages of using a metal shield mold

Despite the light weight and ease of assembly, the aluminum shield mold is not used as often because it is a soft metal and it is easily subject to deformation. Also, aluminum formwork is difficult to repair (expensive argon welding is required). Steel formwork is much more durable, its service life is much longer, and therefore the rent for steel formwork is lower. To protect against corrosion damage, paint is used on the metal formwork, so you need to be delicate during the installation and pouring process.

For the installation of metal formwork, a flat surface is required, therefore, a tightly rammed cushion of sand or depleted mortar is mounted under the base. During the pouring of the sub-wall, it is necessary to control so that the solution does not get on the metal shields, since it is difficult to clean it when it hardens.

Metal formwork with reinforcement

Fixed metal mold for pouring mortar

When pouring walls, ceilings and foundations under large buildings, a non-removable form is used to pour metal mortar. Decking is an expensive material, but if you compare it with a wooden mold for mortar, installation is much faster and then serves as a good protection against moisture. The main disadvantage of using corrugated board is the wavy shape, because of which it is problematic to finish the basement.

Fixed metal frame for pouring mortar: sequence of work

A flat surface is required to install the metal formwork, so a tightly compacted pad of sand or depleted mortar is required under the base, otherwise the cement will flow out under the base.
The metal sheets are installed in the trench, leveled and firmly fixed.
To prevent cracks from appearing in the structure during pouring, the sheets must be firmly connected to each other.
With the threat of serious loads on the form, the sheets can be reinforced with a structure in the form of stiffeners.

When choosing a non-removable formwork, you should use sheets with a high-quality protective coating, since galvanized panels can rust in 20 years.

When choosing a metal profile, preference should be given to a structural one. It is very durable, made of thick steel and can withstand heavy loads, so it can be used as a load-bearing element.

conclusions

A metal mold for pouring mortar over wooden molds has a number of advantages:

The metal structure has high rigidity, resistance to changes;
Unlike wood, metal has a higher corrosion resistance;
You can use metal formwork, unlike wood, at least 50 times;
Installation is done very quickly, as well as dismantling;
The surface of the base obtained with a metal mold is much better than with a wooden one.

The disadvantages of a base mold made of metal are:

High cost, unlike plywood or wooden formwork;
High thermal conductivity;
The complexity of the repair.

Metal formwork updated: July 4, 2016 Posted by: zoomfund

Read on

Formwork is a set of elements and parts that are necessary to give the desired shape to concrete or reinforced concrete objects at a construction site. Formwork production technology is constantly changing and for the better. When choosing formwork, attention is primarily paid to the nature of the structures to be concreted. Depending on the type of construction work carried out, different types of formwork are used: wall formwork, floor formwork, column formwork, foundation formwork, fixed formwork, steel formwork and metal formwork.

The metal formwork is assembled from inventory panels using mounting angles. When erecting columns with a height of less than 3 m, it is advisable to use an inventory panel at full height - in this case, additional installation of clamps is not required (the panel is equipped with transverse ribs that absorb the lateral pressure of the concrete mixture). The formwork is mounted in tiers in height. For accurate installation and ease of disassembly, the lower tier of the box should be supported by a wooden frame.

At a height of more than 3 m, dense reinforcement or a small cross-section, one of the shields of the higher tiers of the formwork is installed only after the end of the concreting of the lower tier.

After verifying the verticality of the position and adjusting the bottom of the formwork, it is fixed with guy wires (unless other methods of ensuring spatial stability are provided).

Benefits of using metal formwork

The high quality of concrete joints and surfaces obtained with metal formwork reduces the amount of finishing work, while concrete surfaces obtained with plywood formwork most often require additional cladding and plastering. Metal formwork is mainly used in the form of large panels.

Using metal formwork, it is possible to remove the formwork, install the formwork on a new grip and concreted it in a fairly short time - one day. Metal formwork allows you to significantly save time frames - from 30% to 50% of the total working time. The use of this type of formwork allows you to reduce the cost of construction equipment and labor.

Construction with metal formwork is completed in a shorter time frame

Metal formwork makes it possible to implement any architectural solutions, by changing the size of the wall panels, using the upper and lower extensions.

The constancy and accuracy of the dimensions that the metal formwork gives, ensures the accuracy of the work, which guarantees the strength of the surface. A distinctive feature possessed by metal formwork for all purposes is durability, ease of installation and dismantling, versatility and high quality.

Technological characteristics of the formwork

To prevent adhesion and hardening of the concrete mixture on the formwork sheets, experts recommend using special fastening and fixing devices in combination with special lubricants.

General features of the installation of formwork systems

The metal formwork is assembled from individual panels

a row of shields;
fasteners;
restraining and additional devices.

The ready-made kit should allow the construction of the structure on time.

For storage of formwork devices with regular installation and dismantling, it will be useful to prepare a special site located at an equidistant place from the elements being erected.

The installation procedure for the formwork system includes the following operations:

gripping and moving the formwork panel to the installation site;
temporary fixation of a composite element;
alignment of contours and verticals of the surface;
final fastening with fasteners and retaining accessories.

Advantages of metal formwork

The metal formwork has high strength and is easy to dismantle

Foundation metal formwork has the following defining advantages:

the ability to manufacture a perfectly flat wall surface;
simplicity of work (a short dismantling period and quick assembly of metal formwork are due, respectively, to the preliminary lubrication of the sheets and the manufacture of components at the factory);
the required rigidity (under the influence of a relatively high pressure, metal shields do not bend, maintaining the ideal shape of the part of the structure being equipped);
high turnover or repeated use (the service life of metal sheets is limited only by such a property as metal fatigue, but its manifestation is possible only after a significant period of time of regular use of such material).

If it is necessary to use one-time formwork sheets, it is recommended to use the services of renting metal products. In this case, the maximum quality of the foundation surfaces being erected will be achieved without significant cash injections.

Types of formwork structures

The transom formwork consists of panels, straps and struts

At the moment, types of foundation formwork containing metal products are widely used in large-scale construction. The most common of these are the following types:

girder-transom;
large panel board;
small-panel board;
formwork-facing.

Beam-transom view

Cross-beam formwork is often used to fill columns

The use of girder-girder technology is due to the possibility of creating an ideal concrete surface both in the forward direction and in a certain shape, with the required curvature.

The advantages of the investigated species include:

moderate lightness of construction;
ease of installation of walls and the possibility of combining component elements;
high speed of dismantling;
the possibility of repeated use without intermediate cleaning procedures;
the possibility of using in combination with other formwork technologies.

Large-panel type

Large-panel formwork is used for the construction of walls and ceilings

The shape of the shield elements provides for interchangeability, as well as the ability to install both vertically and horizontally, which provides a wide functionality of such a formwork system.

Among the advantages of large-panel formwork should be highlighted:

technological flexibility;
moderate installation speed;
ease of arrangement of floors and sanitary facilities.

Disadvantages of the presented type:

problematic uniform placement of the concrete composition;
a significant number of manipulations with special equipment.

Large-panel formwork finds its application in the construction of massive structures for housing and civil buildings.

Small-panel type

Watch the video how the installation of small-panel type of formwork systems is carried out.

Conclusion

Competent adherence to the instructions, the proposed advice and the requirements of regulatory documents will guarantee the reliable functioning of the structure under construction.

Arrangement of quality formwork is undoubtedly the most important stage of any construction project. At its core, formwork is nothing more than a form for creating a reliable and durable foundation for a house. The geometry of the foundation, its stability and bearing characteristics depend on how high-quality and technologically competently all the elements of the formwork are assembled.

Metal formwork is most suitable for monolithic and strip foundations

What is good about metal formwork

There are many types of formwork, but in general it can be divided into wood and metal. Wooden formwork has been used for many centuries, but today, due to many reasons, its relevance is highly questionable. The foundation, poured into a wooden "mold", matures in violation of the requirements for ventilation and humidity conditions, and therefore has certain flaws, it is prone to cracking, spilling, etc.

Metal formwork is the best option both for the construction of technical facilities and foundations of low-rise buildings, and for the construction of monolithic high-rise buildings. Metal, unlike wood, does not have such a high moisture absorption coefficient, which means that concrete matures within the required time, and its structure is of higher quality.

Metal formwork is the best option for both the construction of technical facilities and the foundation of low-rise buildings

In addition, smooth metal formwork sheets allow you to save on polishing the facade when it comes to monolithic housing construction. In addition to the above, the possibility of reusing metal elements can be noted, while wooden formwork must always be reassembled.

Features of metal formwork

Removable metal formwork assembled is a complex consisting of fixing, reinforcing and forming elements. Collapsible and reusable, the metal concrete casting mold is easy to transport and can be used at the next construction site immediately after dismantling. The use of large equipment is assumed only for the construction of large buildings; for a private house or a small household structure, a few assistants will be enough.

As advantages of metal formwork before the wooden counterpart, the following points can be called:

lack of fibrillation on the contact surface... This feature allows you to create perfectly flat surfaces regardless of their size;
ease of dismantling... It is enough to apply a thin layer of special compounds on the formwork sheets before pouring concrete, so that after it dries, even a novice builder can disassemble the forming structure;
reliability... All formwork joints are connected using special locks with high breaking strength. Unlike a wooden structure, metal formwork is able to withstand the tremendous pressure exerted by pouring liquid concrete.
profitability... Removable formwork elements can last for many years, with proper care and storage rules. They are not afraid of deformation and corrosion, they do not burn and do not become unusable during dismantling.

Metal formwork can be used repeatedly

But the metal formwork has several negative features, of course, not so significant in comparison with the advantages. The disadvantages of metal formwork include the severity of the main elements. Due to the weight of the contact panels, there is a need for additional working hands or the hiring of special equipment. There are formwork made of light metals, for example, aluminum, but their use is relevant only in private housing construction.

Basic construction types

By the type of construction, metal formwork can be divided into adjustable, large-board and small-shield... Each of the options is used in certain cases, and the choice depends on the chosen design solutions:

Reversible formwork is suitable for the construction of structures of non-standard geometry, small architectural objects, etc.
large shields are applicable for the implementation of dimensional projects without any geometric frills;
small shields are used in the construction of foundations, large buildings with complex geometry and numerous elements.

Small-panel metal formwork

Formwork installation

The high cost of a set of metal formwork requires a certain level of knowledge and a competent approach to its installation. In addition, it is important to ensure the tightness of the mold so that there is no need to dismantle and re-assemble the entire structure if the concrete has leaked. Due to the complexity of installation and in the absence of proper qualifications, it is better to contact specialists, otherwise additional material and time costs may arise.

The main elements required for the construction of metal formwork include: steel sheets (or sheets of other metal), locks for securely fixing frame beams, the beams themselves, etc. Additional elements will also be required, such as PVC pipes, insulating transverse fasteners in the lower parts of the permanent formwork and serving to create insulated through holes necessary for laying communication lines, etc.

The sequence of work on the construction of the formwork can be called classic. First, support points are set in the corners of the future structure, here the formwork elements go underground and are not dismantled in the future (fixed formwork). Further, from the support points, a phased connection of all formwork elements is carried out upward and to the sides, according to the shape of the future building.

Installation of metal formwork

When the frame is assembled, sheets are mounted on its inner parts, fastened with locks, the variety of which is selected individually. After mounting and fastening the sheets, the structure is checked for tightness, then a reinforcing bar is installed in the mold and the process of pouring the concrete mixture begins. If necessary, the structure can be reinforced with braces that function as props.

Metal formwork- structures of increased reliability used for concreting objects of various configurations and complexity. Such systems are capable of withstanding loads that are contraindicated for wooden or plastic equipment. There are steel and aluminum models on sale. The latter are somewhat inferior in strength, but have an advantage in terms of ease and ease of installation.

Advantages

The advantages of metal formwork include:

strength;
versatility;
durability;
high quality of concreting;
simple assembly / disassembly.

If you decide to buy a metal formwork, you will pay more than for a similar plastic or wooden system. However, these costs are more than offset by the durability of the material. If the operation is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer, high-quality equipment can withstand hundreds of cycles, which far exceeds the capabilities of wood and PVC. In addition, in case of wear of the main elements, their life can always be prolonged by means of repairs. In other formwork, there is no alternative to replacement.

Combined structures are quite common, the panels of which are made of film faced plywood, and all other elements are made of steel or aluminum. Such systems are also durable and reliable, while being much cheaper. Naturally, plywood wears out faster than metal, but it is also a fairly durable material that provides high quality casting. If metal formwork is required for one-time concreting, it is more profitable to rent it. There will be no need to spend money on further storage and maintenance.

Design

The basis of metal formwork structures is a shield. This is a sheet that is located on a frame - a frame of a certain shape, equipped with internal bridges for greater rigidity. Distinguish between angular and linear products. Using shields of different sizes, a system of the required configuration is assembled, connecting them with standard fasteners and additional tightening locks. To maintain stability, special supports are used.

Distinguish between metal formwork for horizontal (ceilings, overpasses) and vertical objects (walls, facades, columns). Many structures are universal, that is, they can be used for concreting buildings for various purposes. When pouring horizontal ceilings, telescopic racks are often used to fix the equipment at the desired height. The more complex the object, the greater the need for auxiliary equipment (scaffolding, scaffolding, crane, etc.).

Factory metal formwork is subject to rigorous pre-delivery testing. The accuracy of manufacturing of parts must comply with the state standard. During the control assembly, the products are painted, lubricated with special materials, and marked. If you buy new equipment, the seller is obliged to provide it with the installation instructions and technical data sheet. The absence of these documents is not an absolute indication that something is wrong with the product, but it is better to look for other options.

Much more often this situation arises when it comes to renting or buying used equipment. Here, the probability that documents are missing for objective reasons is much higher. Such products are significantly cheaper, so many take this risk. There are practically no problems with rent. Reputable rental companies carefully monitor their equipment, so having a passport does not play a special role. The structure will exactly cope with your concreting.

Low-priced metal formwork may not meet expectations in terms of durability. You can be sold a product that looks acceptable from the outside, but literally in a few cycles it will require not just a major overhaul, but the replacement of almost all key elements. When renting, the further fate of the rig is not your concern, but here you can lose a lot of money. If you need durable metal formwork, buying a new kit is much safer.

When an object with unique characteristics is to be concreted, standard structures may not be suitable. In this case, you can order the production of a formwork system according to an individual project. This service is provided by both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The first option is preferable due to the more affordable cost and efficiency of service. Customized tooling will cost more than factory equipment anyway. You can purchase steel and aluminum formwork in Moscow from our company. A wide selection of Russian and imported systems at affordable prices.