For a comfortable work of employees of industrial and storage facilities, it is necessary to equip an effective heating system. In addition, the normal temperature regime has a positive effect on the equipment, machine tools and the building itself. Consider what are the methods of heating of industrial and warehouses. After all, someone chooses heating boilers, and someone prefers heaters for the heating of the room. In our article, we will tell about the peculiarities and efficiency of various heating systems.
How can you warm the non-residential room
For premises with large areas, 3 types of heating systems are usually used: air, water and radiant. When using water heating, it is necessary to arrange heating radiators. Such a system is beneficial, as it has a large selection of heating equipment. But with such a heating system there is a large thermal inertness and requires large costs. Not in all commercial premises, you can install radiators of heating, as they must be installed on the wall. And usually in the outlets in these places suite racks.
Have a higher demand radiant and air heating. Consider in detail each heating system.
Air heating
Air heating appeared one of the first types of heating systems. And so far such a system is popular due to its effectiveness. Air heating has the following advantages:
- In such a system, the efficiency coefficient is greater than that of water heating.
- There is no need for a pipeline and heating radiators. In the air system, it is necessary to install only air ducts.
- Air heating system is often used in conjunction with the air conditioning system. Therefore, you can get clean air instead of heated.
- Heated air is distributed evenly throughout the room.
- Cleaning and air change regularly. Therefore, the room will always be a comfortable atmosphere, which has a positive effect on the performance of employees.
In order to save better apply combined air heating for industrial premises. Such a heating system consists of mechanical and natural motivation of air.
With a natural fence, warm air will be closed from the environment. It will be warm even with big frosts on the street. Mechanical motivation - a fence of the air duct of cold air for heating and submission to the room.
Air heating is the most optimal for heating large industrial premises. And in chemical enterprises, only air can use as a heating system.
Water heating
Not for all production and storage facilities is a water heating system. Since for its device it is necessary to equip the boiler room, arrange a system of pipelines, set the heating radiators in the premises. In addition to these elements, it is still necessary to purchase pressure gauges, locking valves and other control devices. In order to maintain the work of the heating system, the presence of specialists is necessary.
Water heating is two types on the principle of the device: one-pipe and two-pipe.
In the first type, the water temperature cannot be adjusted. Since all heating radiators are set sequentially. And turn off only one device is not possible.
In a two-pipe system, you can adjust the temperature. You can do this using thermostats that are installed on the radiators in parallel.
The heat source in the water system is the heating boiler. Boilers are separated by type of fuel: solid fuel, gas, electric, liquid and combined. If the production room has a small area, then you can prize the oven with water contour.
The type of boiler should be chosen from desires and opportunities. Not everyone has the ability to connect gas, so the gas boiler will not use. Many choose solid fuel or diesel heating boilers.
Electric boilers are used often, but in small rooms. Since heating with electricity is not a cheap pleasure.
There are often unexpected situations. And there may be any accident in power supply or gas supply. Therefore, it is desirable to have a spare version of the heating system.
Combined heating boilers are more expensive. Such devices can have several types of burners: gas-diesel, gas-wood and gas-electricity-diesel.
Infrared heating
You can divide infrared heating into two types: light and dark heaters.
In the first form, the gas is burned with the help of a burner. And its surface temperature can be 900 ° C. Required radiation comes from a hot burner.
The second type of heater is emitters with reflectors. They are intended to direct radial energy into the necessary zones. Dark infrared devices can not be heated as light. The maximum heating temperature is 500 ° C. Such heaters are distinguished by radiation, it is not so tough. Therefore, tubular heaters have a large scope.
The most convenient and economical heating is the suspended emitting panels. Such panels work with an intermediate coolant. It consists of steam and water. Water can be heated in the device to 60-120 ° C, and steam heat up to 100-200.
Consider what is the benefits of radiant heating:
- In unheated premises, you can create warm zones;
- Fast room heating. Depending on the area, the approximate heating time is from 15 to 20 minutes;
- Since it is not necessary to check or repair the pumps, replace filters and other elements that are in other heating systems, this factor can significantly save;
- No thermal loss;
- Paul also heats up, so it is an additional source of heating;
- Comfortable microclimate. The air is not overcame
Such heaters cannot be installed indoors: with ceiling height less than 4m, in production, where radiation may affect the quality of products, as well as in rooms that have a fire category A and B.
The infrared heating system is easy to use and saving the air system. Infrared heaters do not spread dust, do not drown air and create thermal areas in the room. But in those rooms where it is impossible to use radiant heating, the optimal option will be the air system.
"How to choose optimal heating"? - This question is asked the owners of industrial premises, shops and warehouses. The large sizes of buildings in combination with the harsh climatic conditions of Russia frighten young entrepreneurs. In this review we will talk about the "optimal" heating. To begin with, we will understand what is meant by the word "optimal." Usually under this word understand the appropriate ratio for the "Cost / Reliability / Convenience" building.
The selection and creation of the heating scheme of large rooms is not an easy task. Each building is universally - size, height, purpose. Equipment for production is often an obstacle to laying pipes. But without heating nowhere. A competently built heating system protects equipment from supercooling (often it is precisely this factor leads to a breakdown of equipment), creates favorable working conditions for workers. In addition, without the desired temperature, some products will spill at times faster. That's why it is so important to choose a reliable system of premises heating.
Select the heating system for production buildings
Almost every warehouse needs heating. Typically use centralized heating systems. They are:
- Water;
- Air.
When choosing heating, the following characteristics should be taken into account:
- The area and the height of the building;
- The amount of heat is required to maintain the desired temperature;
- Ease of equipment for heating in the technical plan, its wear resistance.
Central water heating
The main thermal resource is the central heating system or boiler room. Water heating includes:
- Boiler;
- Heating devices;
- Pipeline.
The principle of operation is simple. The liquid heats up in the boiler and goes through the pipes, giving heat.
Types of water heating:
- One-tube (regulate water temperature is impossible);
- Two-pipe (temperature control is possible. It is carried out using thermostats on radiators).
The central element of heating is the boiler. Today there are quite a lot of types of boilers: liquid-fuel, solid-fuel, gas, electrical and mixed. Choose the boiler should, given the opportunity. The gas boiler is convenient when you can connect to the gas source. It should be borne in mind that the price of this resource is growing every year. Gas supply interruptions will lead to sad consequences.
Liquid fuel boilers need a separate indoor room and storage capacity. In addition, it will be necessary to constantly replenish the stocks of fuel, which means additional hands are needed for transportation and unloading. And these are additional costs.
Boilers working on solid fuel will not suit the heating of large industrial premises. Care of solid fuel boiler is a difficult task (fuel loading, chimney and firebox cleaning). In the modern market, you can find partially automated models with the possibility of machine-based fuel boot. Other components (firing, chimney) require human care for them. The role of fuel is sawdust, pellets, chips, etc. despite the fact that the operation of such boilers is a laborious process, but these models are the cheapest on the market.
Electric boilers are not the most suitable option for heating large rooms (up to 70 square meters). Used electricity expensive will cost the owner. It should be borne in mind that the planned and unscheduled disconnection of electricity - adversely affects the system.
Combined boilers can be called universal samples.
The water heating system is a stable and efficient heating of the room. Despite the fact that the combined boilers cost more of their fellow, but with him you will not depend on external troubles (different interruptions in gas and electrical systems). Combined boiler samples have two or more warms for different types of fuel. Thanks to the built-in types of burners, boilers are divided into:
- Gas-wood-wood - are not afraid of interruptions in the gas supply system and the rise in price of fuel)
- Gas-diesel - perfectly warm up a large room)
- Gas diesel-firewood is a functional boiler with low efficiency and low power)
- Gas diesel-firewood-electricity - almost a universal unit, which is completely independent of external problems
The situation with boilers is clarified. Now you need to know whether the water type of heating under the previously described criteria is like. It is worth noting that the heat capacity of water is thousands of times higher than the heat capacity. This means that the water will be needed thousands of times less than air. Avenue: The water heating system will allow you to install the desired temperature at different times. For example, with duty heating of production, the temperature will be +10 s, and during working hours you can put a higher temperature.
Air heating
Aerial view of heating people use long ago. The system is effective and popular. It has the following advantages:
- Instead of radiators and pipes, air ducts are installed.
- Air heating of the efficiency is higher in comparison with the water system
- Heated air is evenly distributed over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
- The air system is conveniently connected to ventilation and air conditioning (you can get clean air, instead of warm)
- The permanent change of air has a positive effect on the well-being workers; The efficiency of work increases.
If you want to save finances, it is better to choose a mixed air production heating. It consists of natural and mechanical air support.
- "Natural" motivation - taking the warm air of their atmosphere at any temperature.
- Mechanical motivation - the taking of cold air air duct for its subsequent warming and submission to the room.
It is believed that the heating air system is the best option of heating large industrial premises.
Infrared heating
It is possible to drop the production premises with unconventional ways. Infrared heaters are the modern invention of engineers. The principle of their action is as follows: Emitters produce energy over the heating zone and give heat to objects heating air. The functionality of such heaters is compared with the Sun. It also heats the surface of the earth with infrared waves, and then air heats up from heat exchange. Thanks to this principle, the heated air will not accumulate under the ceiling, evenly distributed through the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
There are many types of IR heaters differing in the following characteristics:
- Installation location (floor, portable floor, wall, ceiling);
- Type of radiated waves (short-wave, middle-wave and light);
- Type of energy consumed (diesel, gas, electrical).
Gas and diesel infrared models of heaters are the most profitable. Their efficiency is often higher than 90%. But for them, the combustion of air and the change in its humidity characteristics is characteristic.
- The type of heating element (halogen - not very strong models; carbon - fragile model, but consumes a smaller amount of energy; ceramic - heating device is assembled from ceramic tiles. Inside it is a mixture that heats the environment).
IR - heaters are used for heating industrial buildings, different structures, workshops, greenhouses, greenhouses, farms and apartments.
Benefits of infrared heating
IR Heating can carry out point heating, that is, in different parts of the building there may be different temperatures. Infrared heaters are not in contact with air, heating surfaces, items, organisms. So, there will be less drafts in the room. IK Heating economically. High efficiency and low electricity consumption - just a dream. Long operational deadlines, ease of mounting, low weight, the possibility of local effective heating is only the main positive aspects of IR heaters.
In this extensive article, we reviewed popular types of premises heating. What type the most optimal is to solve you. We hope that this article was useful and informative.
2.3. Heating of industrial premises. (Local, Central; Specific heating characteristics)
Heating is intended to maintain the normalized air temperature in industrial premises during the cold season. In addition, it contributes to the best preservation of buildings and equipment, as it simultaneously allows you to adjust and humidity. For this purpose, various heating systems build.
In the cold and transitional periods of the year, all buildings and structures should be made in which the time of people's stay exceeds 2 hours, as well as premises in which temperature maintenance is necessary according to technological conditions.
The following sanitary and hygienic requirements are imposed on heating systems: uniform air heating of rooms; the ability to regulate the amount of heat released and combined heating and ventilation processes; lack of air pollution of premises with harmful discharge and unpleasant odors; fire and explosion safety; Ease of use and repair.
The heating of industrial premises for a radius of action is local and central.
Local heating is arranged in one or more adjacent rooms with an area of \u200b\u200bless than 500 m 2. In systems of such heating, the heat generator, heating devices and heat transfer surfaces are constructively combined in one device. The air in these systems is most often heated due to the use of heat of burning in fuel in the furnaces (firewood, coal, peat, etc.). Significantly less often, floors or wall panels with built-in electric heating elements are used as peculiar heating devices, and sometimes electrical radiators. There are also air (main element - calorifer) and gas (when burning gas in heating devices) of the system of local heating.
Central heating according to the type of coolant used can be water, steam, air and combined. The central heating systems include heat generator, heating appliances, heat transfer facilities (pipelines) and health facilities (shut-off valves, safety valves, pressure gauges, etc.). As a rule, in such heat systems is produced outside of heated premises.
The heating systems should compensate for heat loss through construction fences, the heat consumption for the heating of the injected cold air, coming from the outside of raw materials, machinery, equipment and technological needs.
In the absence of accurate data on the construction material, fences, the thickness of the layer of materials of the enclosing structures and due to the impossibility of determining the thermal resistance of walls, ceilings, floors, windows and other elements, heat consumption is approximately determined using specific characteristics.
Consumption of heat through external fences of buildings, kW
where 
- The specific heating characteristic of the building, which is a flow of heat, losing 1 m 3 of the volume of the building along the outer organization per unit of time, with the difference in the temperature of the internal and outer air in 1 K, W / (m 3 ∙ K): depending on the volume and destination of the building 
\u003d 0.105 ... 0.7 W / (m 3 ∙ K); V n - the volume of the building without the basement on the outer vehicle, m 3; T B - the average estimated temperature of the internal air of the main premises of the building, K; T n - Calculated winter outdoor temperature for designing heating systems, K: for Volgograd 248 K, Kirov 242 K, Moscow 247 K, St. Petersburg 249 K, Ulyanovsk 244 K, Chelyabinsk 241K.
Consumption of heat for ventilation of industrial buildings, kW
where 
- Specific ventilation characteristics, i.e. Consumption of heat for ventilation 1 m 3 of buildings in the difference in the inner and outer temperatures in 1 K, W / (m 3 ∙ K): depending on the volume and destination of the building 
\u003d 0.17 ... 1.396 W / (m 3 ∙ K); 
- the calculated value of the outdoor temperature for the design of ventilation systems, to: for Volgograd 259 K, Vyatka 254 K, Moscow 258 K, St. Petersburg 261 K, Ulyanovsk 255 K, Chelyabinsk 252 K.
The amount of heat absorbed by imported in the room materials, machinery and equipment, kW
,
where 
-Mass heat capacity of materials or equipment, KJ / (kg ∙ K): for water 4.19, grains 2,1 ... 2.5, iron 0.48, brick 0.92, straw 2.3; 
- Massage imported into the room raw materials or equipment, kg; 
-The complex imported into the room of materials, raw materials or equipment, to: for metals 
=
for incompatible materials 
=
+10, bulk materials 
=
+20;
- Immediately heating materials, machinery or equipment to room temperature, h.
The amount of heat consumed on technological needs, kW is determined through hot water or steam
,
where 
Source on the technological needs of water or steam, kg / h: for repair shops 100 ... 120, per cow 0,625, on a calf 0.083, etc.; 
-The-treat water or steam at the outlet of the boiler, KJ / kg; 
-caffefficient of condensate or hot water returns in the range of 0 ... 0.7: in the calculations usually take 
=0,7;
-Production of condensate or water returned to the boiler, KJ / kg: in the calculations can be taken equal to 270 ... 295 kJ / kg.
Thermal power of the boiler installation P K, taking into account the consumption of heat for its own needs of the boiler room and losses in the heating networks is taken at 10 ... 15% more than the total heat consumption
According to the obtained value P to select the type and brand of the boiler. It is recommended to install the same type boiler aggregates with the same thermal power. The number of steel aggregates should be at least two and no more than four, pig-iron - no more than six. It should be borne in mind that when a single boiler fails, the remaining should provide at least 75-80% of the calculated thermal power of the boiler installation.
For direct heating of premises, heating devices of various types and structures are used: radiators, cast-iron ribbed pipes, convectors, etc.
The total surface area of \u200b\u200bheating devices, m 2, is determined by the formula
,
where 
- The heat transfer coefficient of the walls of the heating devices, W / (m 2 ∙ K): for cast iron 7.4, for steel 8.3; 
- water temperature or steam at the entrance to the heating device, K; For water radiators of low pressure 338 ... 348, high pressure 393 ... 398; for steam radiators 383 ... 388; 
- The temperature of water at the outlet of the heating device, to: for low pressure water radiators 338 ... 348, for steam and water radiators of high pressure 368.
According to a known value f, the required number of sections of heating devices are found.
,
where 
-Contact the one section of the heating device, m 2, depending on its type: 0.254 in radiators M-140; 0.299 at M-140-JSC; 0.64 at m3-500-1; 0.73 in the convector of the plinth type 15kp-1; 1 In a cast iron ribbed pipe with a diameter of 500 mm.
The uninterrupted work of the boilers is possible only with sufficient fuel reserve for them. In addition, knowing the required amount of alternative fuel materials, it is possible to determine the optimal type of fuel using economic indicators.
The need for fuel, kg, on the heating period of the year can be estimated by the formula
,
where 
\u003d 1.1 ... 1,2-stock coefficient on unrecorded heat losses; 
- Period of conditional fuel consumption to increase the temperature of 1 m 3 of air of heated building for 1 K, kg / (m 3 ∙ K): 0.32 for the building with 
m 3; 0.245 Ply 
; 0.215 ads 0.2 when 
\u003e 10000 m 3.
Conditional is considered to be fuel, the heat of combustion of 1 kg of which is equal to 29.3 mJ, or 7000 kcal. To transfer conventional fuel to natural, correction coefficients are used: for anthracite 0.97, brown coal 2.33, firewood 5.32, fuel oil 0.7, peat 2.6.
| Prices for fan heaters | |
|---|---|
| Twue-0.1 (firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke, blowing fan, shu) | 321 300 rubles. |
| Twue-0.1K (firebox, heat exchanger, smoke, blowing fan, shu) | 321 300 rubles. |
| Twue 0.2T (firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke, blowing fan, shu) | 552 700 rub. |
| Twue 0.2C (firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke, blowing fan, shu) | 514 100 rubles. |
| Twue 0.2K (firebox, heat exchanger, smoke, blowing fan, shu) | 552 700 rub. |
| Twue 0.4M (complete with a bunker, circulating fan and smoke) | 1 240 200 rubles. |
| Twue 0.4C (firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke, blowing fan, shu) | 1,028 300 rubles. |
| Twue-0.4 (firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke, blowing fan, shu) | 1,028 300 rubles. |
| Twue-1,2 (complete with bunker, fans blowing and circulating, smoke) | 1,928 300 rubles. |
The heating of industrial premises is a time consuming task that requires competent design of the heating system and calculating optimal capacities.
As a rule, one of three types of heating is most often used in the workshops and other industrial premises.
- Centralized. Traditional method, as a coolant - water.
- Infrared. Heating technology with infrared rays.
- Air. The modern method is optimal for most industrial premises.
More and more entrepreneurs choose a warehouse or workshop air heating system, as it has a number of obvious advantages.
6 reasons to choose air heating
- The air heating system can perform the ventilation function, which makes it economical.
- The air heating system has an efficiency to 93%.
- The absence of an intermediate coolant allows you to quickly and effectively warm the air in a heated room.
- No installation of radiators, calorifers, gasket and pipeline installation are required.
- Fan heating with air heating of industrial premises can only work in those periods when there is a need for heating (there is no need for 24-hour and daily operation).
- The cost of heat obtained from a solid fuel heater is at times lower than the cost of heat from the water-heating boiler room.
Principle of operation and scope
The air is heated in the heat exchanger through the metal wall, without direct contact with smoke gases. The maximum temperature of heated air can reach 200 C. The specificity of the process provides the possibility of using fan heaters in different branches of production:
- drying sawn timber, opiled, chips, firewood;
- parish concrete;
- drying sand and other building materials;
- drying of agricultural products (grain, rice, seeds, vegetables, fruits, etc.);
- warming up soil during construction;
- the workshop where there is a need to quickly and at high costs to get a large amount of hot air (emergency, repair, construction work).
The air heating system of industrial premises, warehouses and workshops is economical and highly efficient equipment that will minimize the costs of finance and time for launching and further maintenance. Contact our managers to get advice or leave a request.
Since every day competition is growing in the domestic market, manufacturers are forced to pay attention to all items of costs. If you look at this list, then the far-off position will occupy the flow rate on the heating of various industrial premises. Since the cost of energy carriers increased, their percentage of cost increased.
Air heating of industrial premises
If earlier such a question, as the choice of the most economical option, was not so acute, now it is positioned in the category of the most relevant. Air heating of production premises in a similar situation is often considered as the most efficient and at the same time the most economical option.
Operating principle
Air heating of the production room is arranged from the heat generator and the TRAS, according to which the masses of hot air are transported. These tracks lead to such premises as workshops, cabins, warehouses and others. Hot air, which takes place on thermal tracks, is under high pressure. Air discharge is achieved by means of fans that are installed in front of the thermal generator. In addition to the heat mains, the air also extends to individual highways.
This takes place due to mechanical dampers or distribution mechanisms operating automatically. It often happens that the heating of industrial premises is represented as a mobile device. Such devices are called thermal guns - one of the ways from the category of heating of industrial premises.
Through heat guns, it is possible to warm up any production room in the shortest possible time, be it the air heating of the workshop. Air heating has its advantages, as it allows to solve the problem of recycling air flows.
Pluses of air heating
Among the advantages that the air heating of industrial buildings are distinguished, such as:
- The efficiency coefficient that reaches such a value as 93%. In order to organize air heating of industrial premises and enterprises, there is no need for intermediate devices for heating.
- Such systems can be easily integrated with systems such as ventilation. Thanks to this, it is possible to maintain that temperature that is required.
- Air heating is minimal in air heating. The room temperature will begin to grow as soon as the equipment will be powered.
- Due to the fact that such a heating of the room is most effective, it is possible to increase the economic indicators of production.
- The cost of products is somewhat reduced.
Design system
In order to organize air heating, it is necessary to make all the necessary project documents. It is best to entrust this to professionals in this area. Otherwise, the wrong organization is fraught with the fact that the noise level will be increased or there will be an imbalance of thermal modes.
The organization of such a question as heating and ventilation of industrial premises should solve the following questions:
- Release the preliminary level of those heat losses that will be characteristic of a certain room.
- Calculate the power of the thermal generator, taking into account the unproductive thermal expenses.
- Calculate what the amount of heated air will be, as well as the required temperature mode.
- To identify the size of the diameter of those channels for which air flows, as well as to identify possible pressure losses from negative trunk characteristics.
After the calculation of the heating system of an industrial building is manufactured, and such a project is drawn up, you can purchase the necessary equipment.
Installation work on the installation of the system Air heating of warehouses can be made both by employees of the enterprise, and seek help from specialized firms. Ordering the equipment to make the air heating of the warehouse or other room, you will receive from the manufacturer of dampers, air ducts, sings and other standard components.
Additionally need to buy materials such as:
- aluminum Scotch;
- flexible type highway;
- tape for mounting and insulation.
Some areas are extremely important to insulate, as this will prevent the formation of condensate in problem places. To do this, on the walls of pipelines, you can put the layer of the insulation of the foil. The thickness of such self-adhesive insulation can vary, however, the most used foil is considered to be in thickness from 3 to 5 mm.
The highways can be both rigid and flexible, it all depends on the geometry of the room or from the project plan. Between themselves, some parts of the highways can be connected by means of reinforced tape and plastic or metal clamps.
In order to carry out installation work on the organization of the system air heating of industrial premises, you will need the following actions:
- installing highways by which hot air is supplied;
- installation of switchgear;
- installing an aggregate that generates heat;
- laying layer for thermal insulation;
- installing additional devices and equipment.
In the premises of the production or warehouse nature of the system of heating of industrial premises are full and highly efficient, they provide a heat heat. No wonder this kind of system is applied to organize the heating of shopping centers, the number of which is now growing day after day. The main advantages of such a system are the maximum efficiency and efficiency. Also used and gas infrared heating of industrial premises is also a fairly effective option.