Technological map for the installation of a wet facade. Scope of the technological map for penoplex. Video: Is it worth using penoplex on the facade

The walls of houses built of bricks, various wall blocks, and even more so - representing a reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for regulatory thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building envelope.

There are many different approaches to . But if the owners prefer the exterior finish of their house, made of decorative plaster, in a “pure” form or with the use of facade paints, then the wet facade insulation technology becomes the best choice. In this publication, it will be considered how difficult such work is, what is required to carry it out, and how all this can be done on our own.

What is meant by "wet facade" insulation system?

First of all, it is necessary to understand the terminology - what is the “wet facade” technology, and how does it differ from, say, ordinary wall cladding with insulating materials with further decorative sheathing with wall panels (siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using building compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is the plastering of already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary ones covered with decorative plaster. As a result, two most important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate scheme of insulation using the "wet facade" technology is shown in the figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation using the "wet facade" technology

1 - insulated facade wall of the building.

2 - a layer of building adhesive mixture.

3 - insulation boards of synthetic (of one type or another) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 - additional mechanical fastening of the thermal insulation layer - dowel-"fungus".

5 - protective and leveling plaster layer, reinforced with mesh (pos. 6).

Such a system of complete thermal insulation and facade finishing has a number of significant advantages:

It does not require a very material-intensive installation of a frame structure.
The system is quite easy. And it can be successfully used on most facade walls.
The frameless system predetermines the almost complete absence of "cold bridges" - the insulation layer turns out to be monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
Facade walls receive, in addition to insulation, an excellent soundproof barrier, which helps to reduce both airborne and impact noise.
With the correct calculation of the insulation layer, the “dew point” is completely removed from the wall structure and taken out. It excludes the possibility of wetting the wall and the appearance of colonies of mold or fungus in it.
The outer plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical stress, to atmospheric action.
In principle, the technology is simple, and with strict adherence to the rules, any homeowner can handle it.

With high-quality performance of work, such an insulated facade will not require repairs for at least 20 years. However, if there is a desire to update the finish, then this can be easily done without violating the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

Seasonality of work - they can only be carried out at positive (at least + 5 ° C) temperatures, and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over + 30 ° C) air temperatures, on the sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
Increased demands on the high quality of materials, and on the exact observance of technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even detachment of large fragments of insulation and trim.

As a heater, as already mentioned, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still, for a “wet facade”, high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values of thermal conductivity, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess free moisture will find its way out of the premises through the wall structure and evaporate into the atmosphere. It is more difficult with expanded polystyrene - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it generally tends to zero. Thus, the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulation layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures, cracking and even “shooting off” of large areas of insulation along with finishing layers occur.

There are special topics for expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is resolved to a certain extent. But basalt wool has another important advantage - absolute incombustibility, which polystyrene foam cannot boast of in any way. And for facade walls, this is a serious issue. And in this article, the best option will be considered - the “wet facade” insulation technology using mineral wool.

How to choose a heater?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a "wet facade"?

As is already clear from the “wet facade” schematic diagram, the insulation must, on one side, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other, it must withstand a considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density, in terms of the ability to withstand loads - both for crushing (compression) and for breaking their fiber structure (separation).

Naturally, not any insulation that belongs to the category of mineral wool is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs of basalt fibers produced using a special technology are applicable - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of insulation based on basalt fibers in their product line provide for the production of boards specially designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent finishing with plaster, that is, for a “wet facade”. The characteristics of several of the most popular types are shown in the table below:

Name of parameters	"ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS"	"Baswool Facade"	"Izovol F-120"	"TechnoNIKOL Technofas"
Illustration
Material density, kg/m³	130	135-175	120	136-159
Tensile strength, kPa, not less than
- for compression at 10% deformation	45	45	42	45
- for stratification	15	15	17	15
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m×°С):
- calculated at t = 10 °C	0,037	0,038	0,034	0,037
- calculated at t = 25 °С	0,039	0,040	0,036	0,038
- operational under conditions "A"	0,040	0,045	0,038	0,040
- operational under conditions "B"	0,042	0,048	0,040	0,042
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG	NG
Fire safety class	KM0	-	-	-
Vapor permeability (mg/(m×h×Pa), not less than	0,3	0,31	0,3	0,3
Moisture absorption by volume at partial immersion	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%
Plate dimensions, mm
- length and width	1000x600	1200×600	1000×600	1000×500 1200×600
- plate thickness	25, 30 to 180	from 40 to 160	from 40 to 200	from 40 to 150

Experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool is not worth it, since such a “wet facade” will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for the "wet facade", from 25 to 200 mm, usually in 10 mm increments.

What thickness to choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the “wet facade” system being created should provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness is an extra cost, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful in terms of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually, specialists calculate the optimal thickness of insulation. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, the insulated wall must have a total resistance to heat transfer not lower than the standard value determined for the given region. This parameter is tabular, it is in the directories, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the map below.

A wall is a multilayer structure, each layer of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If the thickness and material of each layer, already existing or planned (the wall itself, interior and exterior finishes, etc.), is known, then it is easy to calculate their total resistance, compare it with the standard value in order to get the difference that needs to be “covered” by additional thermal insulation.

It will not bore the reader with formulas, but we will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator that will quickly and with a minimum error calculate the required thickness of insulation with basalt wool intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of the insulation of the "wet facade" system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

Determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls from the map-scheme for your region (purple numbers).
Specify the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
Decide on the thickness and material of the interior walls.

The thickness of the external plaster finish of the walls is already taken into account in the calculator, and it will not be required to make it.

Enter the requested values and get the result. It can be rounded up to the standard thickness of manufactured insulation boards.

If a negative value is suddenly obtained, wall insulation is not required.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

State educational institution of higher professional education

"ROSTOV STATE CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY"

Department of Construction Technology

course project

according to the technology of building production

"Development of a technological map for the insulation of the facade surfaces of the walls of operated buildings with the installation of a protective and finishing coating of reinforced plasters"

Completed:

student group EUN -320

Emelyanova O. A.

Accepted by teacher:

Associate Professor, Candidate of Technical Sciences Dukhanin P.V.

Rostov-on-Don

2 Organization and technology of the construction process 6

2.1 Preparation of the object and requirements for the readiness of previous work 6

2.5 Working methods and techniques of workers 17

2.5.1 Inspection and surface preparation 17

Installers using a rail and a plumb line determine the deviation of the base from the vertical and indicate the direction of the slopes. 17

2.5.2 Preparing the workplace 17

2.6 Duration of storage and stock of materials and structures 17

Dowels and other fasteners are located in the utility room. Thermal insulation boards are brought in and stored in the utility room. It is necessary to provide a supply of materials for 2 days. 17

2.7 Features of processing openings, corners and other junctions 17

2.7.1 Basement of building 17

2.7.2 Corner edges 18

2.7.3 Adjacency to parapets, cornices 18

2.7.4 Machining openings 19

3. Quality control of work 19

4. Material and technical resources 21

4.1 Need for materials and products 21

4.2 Machinery, fixtures, inventory, tools 22

5.1 Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1) 25

5.2 Safety requirements for the use of electrical appliances (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1) 33

6.4.1 The device and operation of electrical installations must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for the installation of electrical installations, intersectoral labor protection rules for the operation of electrical installations of consumers, the rules for the operation of electrical installations of consumers.

6.4.2 The installation and maintenance of temporary and permanent electrical networks in the production area should be carried out by electrical personnel with the appropriate qualification group for electrical safety.

6.4.3 The wiring of temporary power networks with voltage up to 1000 V used in the power supply of construction sites must be made with insulated wires or cables on supports or structures designed for mechanical strength when laying wires and cables over them, at a height above ground level, flooring of at least , m:

3.5 - over the aisles;

6.0 - over driveways;

2.5 - over jobs.

6.4.4 Lamps for general lighting with a voltage of 127 and 220 V must be installed at a height of at least 2.5 m from the level of the ground, floor, decking.
With a suspension height of less than 2.5 m, it is necessary to use lamps of a special design or use a voltage not higher than 42 V. The supply of lamps with voltage up to 42 V must be carried out from step-down transformers, machine converters, batteries.
It is forbidden to use autotransformers, chokes and rheostats for these purposes. Cases of step-down transformers and their secondary windings must be grounded.
It is forbidden to use stationary lamps as hand lamps. Only commercially manufactured hand lamps should be used.

6.4.5 Switches, circuit breakers and other electrical switching devices used outdoors or in wet shops must be protected in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

6.4.6 All electric starting devices must be placed so that the possibility of starting machines, mechanisms and equipment by unauthorized persons is excluded. It is forbidden to turn on several pantographs with one starting device.
Switchboards and circuit breakers must have locking devices.

6.4.7 Plug sockets for rated currents up to 20 A, located outdoors, as well as similar plug sockets located indoors, but intended to power portable electrical equipment and hand tools used outdoors, must be protected by residual current devices (RCD) with operation current not more than 30 mA, or each socket must be powered by an individual isolating transformer with a secondary winding voltage of not more than 42 V.

6.4.8 Sockets and plugs used in networks with voltage up to 42 V must have a design different from the design of sockets and plugs with voltage over 42 V.

6.4.9 Metal scaffolding, metal fencing of the work site, shelves and trays for laying cables and wires, rail tracks of cranes and vehicles with electric drive, equipment cases, machines and mechanisms with electric drive must be grounded (zeroed) in accordance with applicable standards immediately after they are installed in place, before any work begins.

6.4.10 Current-carrying parts of electrical installations must be isolated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to accidental contact with them.

6.4.11 Protection of electrical networks and electrical installations in the production area from overcurrents should be ensured by means of fuses with calibrated fuses or circuit breakers in accordance with the rules for electrical installations.

6.4.12 The admission of personnel of construction and installation organizations to work in existing installations and a security power line must be carried out in accordance with intersectoral rules on labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations.

The preparation of the workplace and the admission to work of seconded personnel are carried out in all cases by the electrical personnel of the operating organization.
34

1 area of use

1.1 Characteristics of the building and its structures

The technological map was developed for the performance of work on the insulation of the outer walls of a 7-storey residential building with dimensions in terms of 32.1 * 11 and a height of 27.5 m. The work is carried out in cramped conditions without resettling the residents of the house. The project provides for the location of thermal insulation on the outside without an air gap. URSA XPS N-V-L boards are used as a heat-insulating material, the protective and finishing coating is made of Sertolit facade plaster and TiM 43 putty.

1.2 Scope of work covered by the map

The scope of work covered in the map includes:

Inventory fencing device from ready-made links

Installation of inventory frame scaffolding

Lifting a manual winch to the 7th floor

Installation of lifting and transport equipment of a manual winch

Cleaning the surface from protruding cement-sand mortar, dust and dirt with electric brushes with compressed air blowing.

Lifting of thermal insulation boards
Lifting the mesh and fasteners
Drilling holes in the wall with a hammer drill for setting anchors
Installation of thermal insulation boards
Reinforcing mesh installation
Installation of anchors
Preparation of plaster
Lifting mortar
Putty preparation
Surface putty
Removing the hand winch
Scaffolding
Dismantling of the temporary fence.

Removing the winch is carried out by a link of two riggers, together with them a link of installers dismantle the scaffolding. The dismantling of the temporary fence is carried out by a team of carpenters of three people. All works are linked in time, which is reflected in the work schedule (the work schedule is shown in the drawing).

1.3 Characteristics of the conditions for the production of work

Work on the insulation of the facade surfaces of the walls of the building is carried out on the basis of working drawings (terms of reference) in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work on the installation of insulating and finishing coatings (SNiP 3.04.01-87) and safety regulations in construction (SNiP 12-03- 2001, 12-04-2002).

Works are carried out in the summer season at an average outdoor temperature of +20°C in one shift.

2 Organization and technology of the construction process

2.1 Preparation of the object and requirements for the readiness of previous work

Before the start of insulation work, the following types of work must be performed: installation of temporary fences and canopies over the entrances to the building, cleaning the territory ( bushes, trees, etc..), the necessary building materials and products and their storage, installation of scaffolding (scaffolding), installation of lifting and transport equipment must be delivered to the work area.

2.2 Organization and technology of work performance

The production of external thermal insulation should be started only after the survey and collection of information about the building, the development of design estimates and the execution of the appropriate work permit signed by the customer and the organization performing thermal insulation work.

The device of each subsequent element of the heat-insulating layer should be carried out after checking the quality of the performance of the corresponding underlying element and drawing up an act of examination of hidden works.

2.3 Labor costing

Before calculating labor costs, it is necessary to calculate the volume of work.

Calculation of the scope of work

Dimensions of the building: Residential building with plan dimensions of 45.1 * 10.8 m and a height of 20.5 m.

1 Definition of working area:

Ok 2 1.2 × 0.6 S ok 2 \u003d 1.2 × 0.6 \u003d 0.72 m 2

Ok 3 1.8 × 1.8 S ok 3 \u003d 1.8 × 1.8 \u003d 3.24 m 2

Ok 4 1.2 × 1.5 S ok 4 \u003d l.2 × l.5 \u003d 1.8 m 2

Ok 5 1.5 × 1.5 S ok 5 \u003d 1.5 × 1.5 \u003d 2.25 m 2

Ok 6 1.5 × 0.9 S ok 6 \u003d 1.5 × 0.9 \u003d 1.35 m 2

Door 2.2 × 1.2 S dv = 2.2 × 1.2 = 2.64 m 2

Scaffolding installation is defined as the area of all facades.

The area of one facade of the building with openings and a plinth:

S A (1) \u003d 32.1 × 27.5 \u003d 882.75 m 2

The area of the second facade with openings and a plinth:

S A (2) \u003d S A (1) \u003d 882.75 m 2

The area of the end facade with openings and a plinth:

S (B1) \u003d 11 × 27.5 \u003d 302.5 m 2

S (B2) \u003d S (B1) \u003d 302.5 m 2

Total area of all facades with openings and plinth:

S \u003d S A (1) + S A (2) + S (B1) + S (B2) \u003d 2 * (882.75 + 302.5) \u003d 2370.5 m 2 - scaffolding installation area

Base area:

S C (A) \u003d 32.1 * 1.2 \u003d 38.52 m 2

S C (B) \u003d 11 * 1.2 \u003d 13.2 m 2

Façade surface cleaning = total area without openings and plinth:

Facade A (1) \u003d 882.75 - (2.64 + 4.32 + 15.75 + 12.6 + 22.68 + 22.68) -38.52 \u003d 763.56 m 2

Facade A (2) \u003d 882.75 - (22.68 + 12.6 + 22.68 + 15.75) -38.52 \u003d 770.52 m 2

Facade B (1) \u003d 302.5 - (5.4 + 5.4) - 13.2 \u003d 278.5 m 2

Facade B (2) \u003d 302.5 - (5.4 + 5.4) - 13.2 \u003d 278.5 m 2

We add the resulting values 763.56 + 770.52 + 278.5 + 278.5 = 2091.08 m²

Insulation area - 2091.08 m²

fence perimeter:

P \u003d (a + b) * 2 \u003d (32.1 + 11 + 7.95 * 4) * 2 \u003d 149.8 - gate (4.5 m) \u003d 145.3 m.

Determining the number of plates: S plates \u003d 0.6 * 1.2 \u003d 0.72

(2091.08 m 2 / 0.72) × 1.1 \u003d 3196 pcs.

Determining the number of fasteners:

The number of dowels for 1 heat-insulating plate - 6 pieces

N dub \u003d 6 * 3196 \u003d 19176 pcs.

The number of anchors is equal to the number of dowels: N anchor = 19176 pcs.

inventory fencing:

The size of the danger zone (with a building height of 27.5 m) in accordance with SNiP 12.03-20011 H=5.2 (the minimum height of the load when falling according to RD 11-06-2007). Therefore, the size of the danger zone is 6.7 m.

The calculation of labor costs is given in table 1.

Table 1 - Calculation of labor costs.
Justification according to ENiR	Naming works	Units	Scope of work	Norm of time	Labor costs in man*h	Labor costs in person*d	The composition of the link according to ENiR
	1. Installation of the fence
	a) with a visor
	b) without a visor
	2. Dismantling the fence						Carpenters of the 1st category - 1 person; Carpenters II category - 1 person; Utility 1 person I category.
	a) with a visor
	b) without a visor
	3. Installation of scaffolding
	4. Scaffolding						Installer IV category - 1 person; Installer III category - 2 people; Installer II category - 1 person;
ESN 26-01-045-01	5. Preparation of the base, installation of insulation, installation of reinforcing mesh, application of plaster and application of a decorative layer						Medium rank 4.4

2.4 Methods and sequence of work

Works on the insulation of the facade surfaces of the walls of buildings in operation with the installation of a protective and finishing coating of reinforced plasters should be carried out in the warm season.

Works are carried out by grips, in-line method. The size of the grip is selected depending on the scaffolding used. On the gripper, the execution of technological processes is carried out according to a horizontally descending scheme.

Work on the insulation of facade surfaces of the walls of buildings in operation can be divided into preparatory and main.

To preparatory works include: the installation of temporary fences and canopies over the entrances to the building; pruning trees; delivery of building materials and structures to the construction site and their storage; installation of scaffolding means; installation of handling equipment; cleaning of facades from dust and dirt.

Scaffolding means are selected depending on the size of the building and the permissible load. With a building height of up to 5 floors, self-propelled and attached scaffolding and suspended cradles can be used, for 5-9 floors -

attached scaffolding and suspended cradles, and with a building height of more than 9 floors - suspended cradles or combined scaffolding. The labor intensity of installation from self-propelled scaffolding and hanging cradles is 30-40% lower than from attached scaffolding. The maximum front and intensity of work is achieved when using attached scaffolding shown in figure 1.

Picture 1 - Attached frame scaffolding

2.4.1 Scaffold installation

We used light attached frame scaffolding. The main characteristics of these forests are presented below in table 2.

Table 2 - Main characteristics of frame scaffolding

Dismantling and erection of scaffolding must be carried out under the supervision of a responsible foreman who must:
a) study the design of scaffolding;
b) draw up a scheme for the installation of scaffolding for a specific object;
c) make a list of necessary elements;
d) to accept a set of scaffolding from the warehouse in accordance with
list with the rejection of damaged items.
The workers who mount the scaffolding must first be familiar with the design and instructed about the installation procedure and methods for attaching the scaffolding to the wall (an example of attaching the scaffolding to the display wall on figure 2).

Figure 2 - Scheme of fastening scaffolding to the wall

(X - attachment point)

Scaffolding must be mounted on a planned and compacted site, from which water drainage must be provided. The platform for scaffolding must be horizontal in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Lifting and lowering of scaffold elements must be carried out by lifts or other lifting mechanisms.

Scaffolding is erected in tiers for the entire length of the scaffold section to be mounted, according to the mounting scheme:

Stage 1:
On the prepared site, install wooden linings and shoes, if necessary, install screw supports. The supporting surfaces of the scaffolding frames must be strictly in the same horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 - Installation of scaffolding at stage 1

Install two adjacent frames of the first tier into the shoes, and connect them with horizontal and diagonal ties, as shown in figure 4. After a step of 3 meters, install two adjacent frames and also connect them with ties and repeat this operation to set the required length of the scaffolding. Install fencing frames along the edges of the required length of the scaffolding, and the next frame should be with a ladder.

Picture 4 - Installation of scaffolding at stage 2

Install the frames of the second tier, connect them with ties, and arrange the diagonal ties in such a way that they are installed in a checkerboard pattern (shown in figure 5). For installation, you need to use crossbars, on which wooden flooring is laid.

Figure 5 - Installation of scaffolding at stage 3

For the ascent and descent of people, the scaffolding is equipped with inclined ladders (shown in figure 6), which are installed in the places reserved for hatches.

Figure 6 - Installation of scaffolding at stage 4

5th stage:
Fastening the scaffolding to the wall with plugs or using hooks with bushings through brackets or clamps fixed to the racks of the scaffolding frames (see anchoring elements on figure 7), after 4m in a checkerboard pattern.

Figure 7 - Anchoring elements

with hook and sleevewith cork

6th stage:
By repeating steps 3,4,5, gain the required height of the scaffolding. Fences, intermediate elements and diagonals must be installed according to the general scaffold assembly scheme.
7th stage:
On the working and safety tiers of the scaffolding, install end and longitudinal braces of the fences. In places where workers rise to the working tier, where diagonal braces are not installed, install longitudinal braces of the fences. Fix two adjacent frames vertically with an M8x55 bolt or a pin (at the request of the customer).

Install scaffolding frames plumb. Installation of frames and fixing scaffolding to the wall should be carried out simultaneously with the installation of scaffolding. Laying of decking and installation of fence connections should be done simultaneously. Dismantling of scaffolding is allowed only after cleaning the remnants of materials, inventory and tools from the decking. Prior to the dismantling of scaffolding, the foreman is obliged to inspect them and instruct the workers on the sequence and methods of dismantling, as well as on measures to ensure the safety of work. Dismantling of scaffolding should be started from the upper tier, in the reverse order of installation. Before transportation, sort the dismantled elements, tie large-sized elements into bags, and put small-sized and standard products in boxes.

Main work is performed in the following sequence:

1. Lifting of thermal insulation boards

2. Lifting mesh and fasteners

3. Drilling holes in the wall with a puncher for setting anchors

4. Installation of thermal insulation boards

5. Installation of reinforcing mesh

6. Installation of anchors

7. Preparation of plaster

8. Raising the plaster

Plastering with 5 mm thick façade plaster by hand

grouting the wall surface by hand

Putty preparation

Surface putty

Dismantling and moving the scaffolding to the next grip.

Plastering is carried out with facade cement-lime plaster "Sertolit". This is a special dry mix of improved composition. Differs in good coupling with the basis and plasticity. It is used to perform traditional plasters on brick, concrete, aerated concrete, masonry, DSP, primed surfaces. When preparing foundations on gypsum and concrete, it is recommended to apply grooves in the form of an “oblique grid” with a sharp chisel.

Preparing the mixture:

Add water to the dry mixture at the rate of 0.2–0.22 liters per 1 kg of the mixture and mix thoroughly. Leave for 10-15 minutes and mix for 1 minute, if necessary, add water to the desired consistency.

For putty, putty Tim No. 43 is used. All components that make up the mixture are environmentally friendly. The mixture is fire and explosion proof. It is used for external and internal works.

The field of application is: leveling of plastered facades, external surfaces of wall panels or monolithic walls, as well as sealing cracks and damage in structures made of heavy and light concrete, brick and asbestos cement. The base for puttying must be flat and dust-free.

Preparing the mixture:

Add the dry mixture to the water at the rate of 0.24-0.26 liters of water per 1 kg of the mixture (6-6.5 liters per bag), mix with an electric drill with a mixer nozzle until smooth (mixing time 2-4 minutes). Mixing manually with high intensity is allowed. After 10-12 minutes, mix again for 2-3 minutes, after which the mixture is ready for use.

The increased plasticity of the solution allows it to be applied to the base with a layer 0.8-3 mm thick. The solution is applied with a spatula in one or more layers. The second layer is applied if necessary after sufficient hardening of the previous one. If necessary, the applied putty layer can be smoothed out with a damp sponge, or sanded after its initial hardening. Water-based painting can be done after 1-2 days, other types of painting - not earlier than 5 days after applying the putty, depending on the temperature and humidity conditions and the type of paint.

Consumption: per 1 sq. m. surface requires 1 - 3.75 kg of dry mix with a layer thickness of 0.8 - 3 mm, respectively.

Putty from low-shrink compositions with polymer additives must be leveled immediately after application with grinding of individual sections; when applying other types of putty compositions, the surface of the putty should be sanded after it dries. The putty coating after drying should be even, without bubbles, cracks and mechanical inclusions.

2.5 Working methods and techniques

2.5.1 Inspection and surface preparation

Installers using a rail and a plumb line determine the deviation of the base from the vertical and indicate the direction of the slopes.

2.5.2 Workplace preparation

Installers check the reliability of scaffolding. Pick up the required material.

2.6 Duration of storage and stock of materials and structures

Dowels and other fasteners are located in the utility room. Thermal insulation boards are brought in and stored in the utility room. It is necessary to provide a supply of materials for 2 days.

2.7 Features of processing openings, corners and other junctions

2.7.1 Basement of the building

External thermal insulation of the building usually begins at a height of 65-70 cm from the ground. If it is also necessary to insulate the lower part of the wall and its recessed part, you should: apply the same insulation as for the entire system, waterproof the basement of the building, for example, on the basis of a bitumen emulsion without the presence of polystyrene solvents.

2.7.2 Corner edges

To protect the edges of the corners from chipping, they are protected by installing a perforated corner profile made of aluminum or galvanized steel.

The corners are planted on the adhesive composition directly on the insulation along the entire height of the wall (except for the lower part). In the lower part of the wall, the corners should be seated on the adhesive over the reinforced reinforcement, after which they are overlapped with conventional reinforcement. Fastening corners to the wall surface with dowels (nails) is not allowed. In places where the insulation is adjacent to the structural elements of the building, its vertical and horizontal edges are protected from the side by perforated profiles made in the form of a channel. This profile is pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. Insulation plates are inserted into the fixed profile. All other technological operations are carried out according to the standard scheme. The perforated profile into which the insulation boards are inserted is also used as a support at the bottom of the wall or on balconies. It is installed so that the lower edge of the insulation is 10-15 cm from the floor. This gap is covered with a protective plate (ceramic plate) glued to the surface after finishing the insulation layer.

2.7.3 Adjacency to parapets, cornices

The upper part of the heat-insulating coating and its adjoining to the parapets and cornices should be carried out according to the following schemes. The upper edge of the insulation on the pediment, made according to the usual technology, is either covered with a metal protective visor fixed to the wall with screws with sealing washers, or protected by edge tiles. In the presence of a cornice, the upper edge of the insulation at the junction is protected by perforated profiles, which are previously attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. The gap between the cornice and the insulation is filled with waterproof mastic.

2.7.4 Machining openings

The processing of openings (windows, doors) is one of the most important operations and must be performed before starting work on the installation of the main thermal insulation coating. The most common way to arrange a window opening is the “with a quarter” option. Before proceeding with the insulation sticker, the window opening around the perimeter is framed with a metal box. To do this, the upper and two side metal L-shaped profiles are installed in the opening, which form a frame for the insulation. The window block remains in the same place. Insulation plates are inserted into the metal profile when affixed. In the case of windows opening outward, metal profiles should not interfere with their opening.

These processes are carried out with such tools as: puncher and metalwork hammer, drill.

3. Quality control of work

Quality control is given below in table 3.

Table 3 - Quality control of wall insulation

Controlled	Requirements		Ways and means of control	Who and when controls	Who is involved to control
parameter

Cleaning the surface from dust and dirt
Surface preparation	No dust and exfoliated finishing coatings		Visually	foreman, master, producer	Inspector,
					representative
					customer

Humidity mate	No more than 8%		visually, moisture meter	Master, laboratory assistant
rial wall
Flatness			plumb line, cord,	foreman,
surfaces
Fastening of thermal insulation material
Fixing parts to the wall of the building	By project		Visually.	Master, manufacturer	Inspector,
			measurement,		representative
					customer
Number and location of dowels	Center (between rails), every 600 mm		Measurements, tape measure, meter.
Deviation from the vertical surface of the plates	1 mm per 1 m, but not more than 5 mm for the entire height of the wall		Plumb, rail, theodolite, level
The difference between two adjacent plates	Not more than 1 mm		Measurements, ruler, meter, probe
The presence of gaps between the heat-insulating plates	no more than 3 mm
Grid installation
Table 3 continued
Attaching the grid to the surface		By project	Visually
Grid cell dimensions and its diameter			visual, measurement, ruler
Roll overlap
		Surface plastering
Layer thickness
Surface evenness		No more than two bumps 3 mm deep	Rule 2m, probe	Master, work maker	Inspector, representative customer
Surface verticality		Deviation 1 mm per 1 m of height, but not more than 10 mm for the entire height	Plumb. rail, level
Surface putty
Layer thickness		By project	Visually
		Not allowed
Surface coloring
Humidity of the wall surface			Sampling, visual
The presence of spots, stripes, swelling, cracks		Not allowed	Visually
Table 3 continued
Contamination of non-paintable surfaces

4. Material and technical resources

4.1 Need for materials and products

The need for materials and products is given below in table 4.

Table 4 - Need for materials and products

Name of material, brand (GOST)	measurements	Need for materials
Thermal insulation material URSA XPS N-V-L
Steel anchor d=100 mm

Reinforcing mesh
inventory fencing
Facade plaster "Sertolit"

The main characteristics of Sertolit plaster are presented below in table 5.

Table 5 - Main technical characteristics of Sertolit plaster

Characteristic	Meaning
Layer thickness (mm)
Application temperature (deg. C)
Water consumption (kg/l)
Pot life (h)
Curing time (days)
Table 5 continued
Consumption (kg/sq.m/mm)
Filler fraction (mm)
Name
Mobility brand
Compressive strength grade

4.2 Machinery, fixtures, inventory, tools

The main machines, fixtures, inventory, tools used during facade insulation are given in table 6.

Table 6 - Main machines, fixtures, inventory, tools

Name	Brand, technical characteristics	Qty	Purpose
	Frame LRSP-40		Carrying out work at height
			Lifting and lowering loads to a height
Perforator			Drilling holes in the wall for the anchor
Bench hammer	GOST 2310-77		Driving insulation dowels
Respirator			Work safety
			Work safety
Gloves			Work safety
Construction helmet	GOST 12.4.087-84		Work safety
	10 - meter		Measuring the distance between framing elements
			Surface leveling
			Applying plaster to the surface
Drill with nozzle	Bosch GSR-12 SD		Preparation of plaster mortar; wall surface cleaning
mixer and steel

5 Occupational safety in construction

The organization and performance of work in the construction industry must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 12-04.2002 "Labor safety in construction" Part 2 "Construction production" and other regulatory legal acts, as well as these rules and regulations.

On the site where installation work is being carried out, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.

It is not allowed to find people under the mounted elements of structures and equipment until they are installed in the design position.

If it is necessary to find workers under the mounted equipment (structures), special measures must be taken to ensure the safety of workers.

To protect the worker's head from mechanical damage from objects falling from above or from collisions with structural and other elements, to protect against water, electric shock when working at height on construction, installation, dismantling, repair, adjustment and other work, helmets must be used that comply with requirements of GOST 12.4.087 - 84.

At work sites, in rooms where insulation work is being carried out, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.

Workplaces for finishing work at height must be equipped with scaffolding and ladders for climbing them that meet the requirements of SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction Part 2 "Construction production",

During dry cleaning of surfaces and other works associated with the release of dust and gases, it is necessary to use respirators and goggles.

When performing thermal insulation work, it is necessary to provide for measures to prevent exposure of workers to the following hazardous and harmful production factors related to the nature of work:

increased dust and gas content in the air of the working area;

increased or decreased temperature of surfaces of equipment, materials and air of the working area; location of the workplace near a height difference of 1.3 m or more;

sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of equipment, materials.

In the presence of hazardous and harmful production factors mentioned above, the safety of insulation work must be ensured on the basis of

implementation of the following decisions on labor protection contained in the organizational and technological documentation:

organization of workplaces with indication of methods and means for providing ventilation, fire extinguishing, protection against thermal burns, lighting, performance of work at height; o special security measures when working in closed

premises, apparatus and containers; o safety measures in the preparation and transportation of hot mastics and materials.

At work sites where insulation work is carried out with the release of harmful and flammable substances, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.

Workplaces for performing insulation work at height must be equipped with scaffolding with fences and ladders for climbing them that meet the requirements of SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction Part 2 "Construction production".

5.1 Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1)

Before starting work, personnel operating mechanization equipment, equipment, devices and manual machines must be trained in safe methods and methods of work with their use in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions and labor protection instructions.

7.4.6 The surface of the soil, on which the scaffolding means are installed, must be planned (leveled and compacted) to ensure the removal of surface water from it. In cases where it is impossible to meet these requirements, the scaffolding means must be equipped with adjustable supports (jacks) to ensure the horizontal installation or temporary support structures are installed to ensure the horizontal installation of the scaffolding.

7.4.7 Scaffolding - scaffolding that does not have its own design stability must be attached to the building by the methods specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturer (for inventory scaffolding) or in the organizational and technological documentation for the work.

Attachment points are indicated in the organizational and technological documentation. In the absence of special instructions in the project or the manufacturer's instructions, the scaffolding should be fixed to the walls of buildings at least through one tier for the extreme racks, through two spans for the upper tier and one fastening for every 50 m 2 of the projection of the scaffolding surface onto the facade of the building.

It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to parapets, cornices, balconies and other protruding parts of buildings and structures.

7.4.8 Scaffolding facilities located near the passages of vehicles must be fenced with fenders so that they are at a distance not closer than 0.6 m from the dimensions of the vehicles.

7.4.9 The impact of loads on the scaffolding during the production of works should not exceed the calculated ones for the project or technical conditions. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolds and scaffolds (from machines for lifting materials, lifting platforms, etc.), their design must be checked for these loads.

7.4.10 In places where people climb onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters should be placed indicating the layout and values of permissible loads, as well as the scheme for evacuating workers in the event of an emergency.

For the ascent and descent of people, the means of scaffolding must be equipped with ladders.

7.4.11 The means of scaffolding must have smooth working platforms with a gap between the boards of not more than 5 mm, and when the flooring is located at a height of 1.3 m or more, fences and side elements.

The height of the fence should be at least 1.1 m, the side element - at least 0.15 m, the distance between the horizontal elements of the fence - no more than 0.5 m.

7.4.12 Scaffolding used in plastering or painting work, in places under which other work is being carried out or there is a passage, must have flooring without gaps.

7.4.13 Overlapping of decking boards is allowed only along their length, and the ends of the joined elements must be located on the support and overlap it by at least 0.2 m in each direction.

7.4.14 Scaffolding and scaffolding up to 4 m high are allowed to be used only after they are accepted by the manufacturer of works or foreman and registered in the work log, and above 4 m - after acceptance by the commission appointed by the person responsible for ensuring labor protection in the organization and registration by an act.

When accepting scaffolding and scaffolding, the following should be checked: the presence of ties and fasteners that ensure stability, the attachment points of individual elements, working platforms and fences, the verticality of the racks, the reliability of the support platforms and grounding (for metal scaffolding).

7.4.15 When performing work from scaffolding with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two decks: working (upper) and protective (lower), and each workplace on the scaffolds adjacent to a building or structure must, in addition, be protected from above by a deck, located at a height distance of not more than 2 m from the working platform.

In cases where the performance of work, the movement of people or vehicles under and near scaffolding is not provided, the installation of a protective (lower) flooring is optional.

7.4.16 When organizing a mass passage of people in the immediate vicinity of the scaffolding, the places for the passage of people must be equipped with a continuous protective canopy, and the facade of the scaffolding is covered with a protective mesh with a mesh size of not more than 5 × 5 mm.

7.4.17 Scaffolding during operation must be inspected by a foreman or foreman at least every 10 days with an entry in the work log.

Scaffolding means, from which work has not been carried out for a month or more, before resuming work, should be taken in the manner provided for in clause 7.4.14.

Additional inspection is subject to scaffolding after rain, wind, thaw, earthquake, which can affect the bearing capacity of the base under them, as well as the deformation of its supporting elements. If violations are found regarding the bearing capacity of the base or deformation of the scaffolding, these violations must be eliminated and the scaffolding means should be re-accepted in the manner prescribed by clause 7.4.14.

7.4.18 During the dismantling of scaffolding adjacent to the building, all doorways of the first floor and exits to the balconies of all floors (within the area being dismantled) must be closed.

7.4.19 When operating mobile scaffolding, the following requirements must be met:

the slope of the surface along which the scaffolding means are moved in the transverse and longitudinal directions should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the passport and the manufacturer's instructions for operating a particular type of scaffolding means;

the movement of scaffolding means with wind speeds of more than 10 m/s is not allowed;

before moving, the scaffolding means must be freed from materials and containers and there must be no people on them;

the doors in the scaffold enclosure must open inwards and have a double-acting locking device that prevents them from opening spontaneously.

7.4.20 Suspended scaffolding and scaffolding after their installation can be allowed for operation only after they pass the test for 1 hour with a static load exceeding the standard by 20%.

Lifting scaffolds, in addition, must be tested for a dynamic load exceeding the standard by 10%.

The results of tests of suspended scaffolding and scaffolding must be reflected in the act of acceptance or in the general work log.

In cases of repeated use of suspended scaffolds or scaffolds, they can be allowed for operation after their examination without testing, provided that the structure on which the scaffolding (scaffolding) is suspended has been checked for a load that is at least twice the calculated one, and the scaffolding has been fixed typical units (devices) that have passed the necessary tests.

7.4.21 Suspended ladders and platforms used for working on structures must be equipped with special hooks that ensure their strong fastening to the structure. Install and fix them on the mounted structures should be before lifting the latter.

7.4.22 The design of lifting scaffolds (cradles) used during construction and installation work must comply with the requirements of the relevant state standards.

7.4.23 Lifting scaffolds must be lowered to the ground during work breaks. Passing from the lifting platform to the building or structure and back is not allowed.

7.4.24 Non-inventory scaffolding (stairs, ladders, ladders and bridges) must be made of metal or softwood lumber of the 1st and 2nd grades.

7.4.25 The length of wooden ladders must be no more than 5 m. The construction of ladders must comply with the requirements of the relevant state standards.

7.4.26 The slope of the stairs when climbing the scaffolding must not exceed 60°.

7.4.27 Before operation, the stairs must be tested with a static load of 1200 N (120 kgf) applied to one of the steps in the middle of the flight of the stairs, which is in the operational position.

During operation, wooden stairs must be tested every six months, and metal stairs once a year.

7.4.28 Ladders without working platforms may be used only for transition between individual tiers of a building under construction and for performing work that does not require the contractor to rest on the building structures of the building.

Ladders and ladders must be equipped with devices that prevent them from shifting and overturning during operation. At the lower ends of ladders and step-ladders, there should be fittings with sharp tips for installation on the ground, and when using ladders on smooth surfaces (parquet, metal, tile, concrete, etc.), they should have shoes made of non-slip material.

7.4.29 The dimensions of the ladder should provide the worker with the opportunity to work in a standing position on a step located at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder.

When working from a ladder at a height of more than 1.3 m, a safety belt attached to the structure of the structure or to the ladder, provided it is fixed to the building structure, should be used.

7.4.30 Places for the installation of ladders in the areas of movement of vehicles or people must be fenced or guarded for the duration of the work.

7.4.31 It is not allowed to perform work:

on portable ladders and ladders near and above rotating working machines, conveyors;

using manual machines and gunpowder tools;

gas and electric welding;

tensioning wires and holding heavy parts aloft.

To perform such work, scaffolding, scaffolding and stairs with platforms fenced with railings should be used.

Tools used in construction, the building materials industry and the building industry must be inspected at least once every 10 days, and immediately before use. A defective tool that does not meet safety requirements must be removed.

When carrying or transporting the tool, its sharp parts should be covered with covers. The handles of axes, hammers, picks and other percussion instruments must be made of hard and tough wood (young oak, hornbeam, maple, ash, beech, mountain ash, dogwood, etc.) and have the shape of an oval section with a thickening towards the free end. The end of the handle, on which the percussion instrument is mounted, must be wedged.

Equipment, machinery, small-scale mechanization, hand tools (mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electric) used when working at height must:

a) meet the safety requirements in terms of their technical parameters, and newly acquired ones must have a certificate of compliance with safety requirements;

c) be used for its intended purpose (for the types of work for which they are intended). Use other than the main purpose must be authorized by a competent person (responsible worker);

d) be used by employees who have the appropriate training and permission to work with them;

e) be equipped with protective devices (guards, covers, etc.).

Requirements for the safe operation of equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, hand tools should be contained in the instructions for labor protection.

Machinery and equipment with a mechanical drive must have spontaneous start interlocks, easily accessible and clearly recognizable to the operator, emergency stop devices. Hazardous moving parts must be guarded.

Equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, hand tools, having a variable speed of rotation of the working body, when turned on, must be started at the minimum rotation speed

Equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, manual mechanized and other tools used when performing work at heights must be used with security measures that prevent them from falling (fastening, slinging, placing at a sufficient distance from the height difference boundary or securing through halyards to a safety worker's belt, etc.).

After completing work at height, equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, hand tools must be removed from a height.

5.2 Safety requirements for the use of electrical appliances (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1)

6.4.1 The device and operation of electrical installations must be carried out in accordance with the requirements rules for the installation of electrical installations, intersectoral rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations of consumers, rules for the operation of electrical installations of consumers.

3.5 - over the aisles;

6.0 - over driveways;

2.5 - over jobs.

6.4.5 Switches, circuit breakers and other electrical switching devices used outdoors or in wet shops must be protected in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

6.4.8 Sockets and plugs used in networks with voltage up to 42 V must have a design different from the design of sockets and plugs with voltage over 42 V.

6.4.10 Current-carrying parts of electrical installations must be isolated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to accidental contact with them.

The preparation of the workplace and the admission to work of seconded personnel are carried out in all cases by the electrical personnel of the operating organization.

List of used literature

1. SNiP 03/12/2001 part 1 (Section 6.4 - Ensuring electrical safety, section 7.4 - Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding, equipment, hand-held machines and tools)

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

THERMAL INSULATION OF THE FACADE OF THE BUILDING WITH MINERAL COTTON PLATES "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D"

I. SCOPE

1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor for the implementation of a technological process and determining the composition of production operations using the most modern means of mechanization and methods for performing work according to a specific given technology. TTK is intended for use in the development of the Project for the Production of Works (PPR) by construction departments and is its integral part in accordance with MDS 12-81.2007.

Fig.1. Wall insulation scheme

1 - insulated brick wall; 2 - insulation plate; 3 - dowel plate type; 4 - base plaster layer; 5 - reinforcing fiberglass mesh; 6 - primer layer; 7 - finishing plaster; 8 - base rail with special dowels

1.2. This TTC provides instructions on the organization and technology of work on the thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D", determines the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are:

- standard drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and specifications (TU);

- norms and prices for construction and installation works (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production norms for the consumption of materials (NPRM);

- local progressive norms and prices, labor costs norms, material and technical resources consumption norms.

1.4. The purpose of the creation of the TC is to describe the solutions for the organization and technology of work on the thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D", time in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

- cost reduction of works;

- reduction of construction time;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organization of rhythmic work;

- rational use of labor resources and machines;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTC, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Execution Project), Working Flow Charts (RTC) are developed for the performance of certain types of work on the thermal insulation of the facade of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" building.

The design features of their implementation are decided in each case by the Working Design. The composition and level of detail of materials developed in the RTC are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and scope of work performed.

RTK are considered and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contractor Construction Organization.

1.6. TTK can be tied to a specific object and construction conditions. This process consists in clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTK to local conditions:

- consideration of map materials and selection of the desired option;

- verification of the compliance of the initial data (volumes of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of the worker link) to the accepted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of costing, technical and economic indicators, the need for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- design of the graphic part with a specific binding of mechanisms, equipment and fixtures in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A typical flow chart has been developed for engineering and technical workers (foremen, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the III temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for performing work on the thermal insulation of the facade of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" building ", using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and materials, methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scopes of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map was developed for a set of works on thermal insulation of the facade of the IVP building "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D".

2.2. Works on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" are carried out in one shift, the working hours during the shift are:

Where - the duration of the work shift without a lunch break;

Coefficient of output reduction;

- conversion factor.

In calculating the norms of time and duration of work, a one-shift mode of operation was adopted with a working shift of 10 hours with a five-day working week. The net working time during the shift is taken, taking into account the coefficient of output reduction due to the increase in the duration of the shift compared to the 8-hour working shift, equal to 0,05 and conversion factor 1,25 total time for a 5-day working week ("Methodological recommendations for the organization of the rotational method of work in construction, M-2007").

where - preparatory and final time, 0.24 hours, incl.

Breaks related to the organization and technology of the process include the following breaks:

Getting the job at the beginning of the shift and handing over the work at the end 10 min=0.16 hour.

Preparation of the workplace, tools, etc. 5 min=0.08 hour.

2.3. The scope of work performed during the thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" includes:

- geodetic marking of the facade of the building;

- preparation of the building base;

- priming the base of the facade with an adhesive primer;

- installation of a basement ebb;

- installation of ebb window block;

- installation of external side frames of the window block;

- installation of a socle profile for installation of a heater;

- gluing heat-insulating plates to the base of the facade;

- mechanical fastening of heat-insulating plates to the facade;

- installation of reinforcing elements and profiles;

- creation of a protective reinforced plaster layer;

- anti-vandal protection measures;

- priming of the protective reinforced layer;

- application of a protective and decorative layer of facade plaster;

- priming of the decorative layer;

- Painting walls and slopes of the facade with acrylic paint.

2.4. For thermal insulation of the facade of the building, the following materials are used as the main materials: cement-lime mortar С22 (СЦС) according to GOST 7473-2010; deep penetrating primer "Weber.Рrim Contact"; adhesive composition "Weber.therm S 100"; reinforcing fiberglass mesh alkali-resistant (cell 5x5, 160 g/m); mineral wool boards ROCKWOOL Facade Butts D (size 1200x500x150 mm); primer acrylic tinting Weber.Pas UNI; silicate-silicone plaster Weber.Pas Extra Clean; acrylic facade paint Weber.Ton Akrylat; acrylic frost-resistant sealant MAKROFLEX FA131; sloping metal panels; aluminum plinth profile AL-150 (150x0.8x2500 mm); polyurethane foam MAKROFLEX; plate-type polymer anchor with a drive-in element (8/60x165 mm); PVC corner (20x20 mm) with fiberglass mesh (100x150 mm); PVC corner with dripper MAT D/05; PVC corner adjoining window, self-adhesive with reinforcing fiberglass mesh.

2.5. The technological map provides for the performance of work by an integrated mechanized unit consisting of: perforator RH2551 "STURM" (weight 2.8 kg, power 500 W, drilling 20 mm); drill driver Metabo Se 2800 (power 400 W); forced mortar mixer SO-46B (power 1.5 kW, loading volume 80 l); electric hand mixer ZMR-1350E-2 (weight 6.3 kg, power 1.35 kW); membrane spray gun electric Wagner DP-6830 (weight 30 kg, power 1.5 kW); Vacuum cleaner Karcher NT 14/1 and diesel power plant Atlas Copco QAS 125 (maximum power 111 kW) as a driving mechanism.

Fig.2. Diesel power plant Atlas Copco QAS 125

Fig.3. Airbrush Wagner DP-6830

Fig.4. Mortar mixer SO-46B

Fig.5. Perforator RH2551 "STURM"

Fig.6. Drill driver Metabo Se 2800

Fig.7. Hand mixer ZMR-1350E-2

Fig.8. Vacuum cleaner Karcher NT 14/1

2.6. Work on the installation of an insulated facade should be carried out, guided by the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition";

- SNiP 3.01.03-84. Geodetic works in construction;

- Manual to SNiP 3.01.03-84. Production of geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.03.01-87. Bearing and enclosing structures;

- SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings;

- SNiP 3.04.03-85. Protection of building structures against corrosion;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011. Organization of construction production. General provisions;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011. Organization of construction production. Preparation and production of construction and installation works;

- STO NOSTROY 2.14.7-2011. Facade heat-insulating composite systems with external plaster layers. Rules for the production of works. Requirements for the results and the system for monitoring the work performed;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- PB 10-14-92*. Rules for the construction and safe operation of cranes;
________________
* PB 10-14-92 are not valid. Instead, the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety dated November 12, 2013 N 533 apply hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.

- VSN 274-88. Safety regulations for the operation of self-propelled jib cranes;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining as-built documentation during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities and the requirements for certificates of examination of work, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special journal for recording the performance of work during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2001 "SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction. Updated edition" prior to the commencement of construction and installation works at the facility, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer, in the prescribed manner, project documentation and permission to perform construction and installation works. Work without permission is prohibited.

3.2. Prior to the start of work on the installation of thermal insulation of the facade of the building, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- develop RTK or PPR for thermal insulation of the facade of the building;

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of performance;

- briefing the members of the safety team;

- establish temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, inventory, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- provide the site with working documentation approved for the production of work;

- prepare machines, mechanisms and equipment for the production of work and deliver them to the facility;

- provide workers with manual machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and signaling equipment;

- prepare places for storing building materials, products and structures;

- fence the construction site and put up warning signs illuminated at night;

- provide communication for operational and dispatching control of the production of works;

- deliver to the work area the necessary materials, fixtures, inventory, tools and means for the safe performance of work;

- check quality certificates, passports for reinforcing steel, lumber, plywood;

- to test construction machines, means of mechanization of work and equipment according to the nomenclature provided for by the RTK or PPR;

- draw up an act of readiness of the object for the production of work;

- obtain permission from the technical supervision of the Customer to start work (clause 4.1.3.2 of RD 08-296-99*).
________________
* RD 08-296-99 is not valid. - Database manufacturer's note.

3.4. Prior to the start of work on the installation of insulation of the facade of the building, the preparatory work provided for by the TTC must be completed, including:

- accepted from the customer facade for finishing;

- roofing, cornice overhangs and canopies over the entrances were installed;

- installation of window and door blocks is completed;

- completed work on the installation of all floor structures, balconies and loggias;

- installed, tested for strength and accepted by the commission scaffolding mounted facade lift;

- around the building the blind area is made;

- installed all the fastenings of drainpipes and fire escapes;

- Passages for pedestrians are fenced.

3.4.1. For the installation of insulation, the facade of the building is transferred by the General Contractor / Customer to the Subcontractor Construction Organization, according to the Acceptance and Transfer Certificate of the facade for finishing, in accordance with Appendix A, STO NOSTROY 2.14.7-2011.

3.4.2. The technology of work on the installation of roofing, window and door blocks, the performance of internal finishing works are considered in separate technological maps.

3.4.3. Geodetic marking of the facade of the building (vertical and horizontal axes under the structure) is carried out by a link of surveyors in the following sequence:

- checking the geometric parameters of buildings for compliance with their design values;

- drawing up a three-dimensional digital model of facades in the 3D AutoCAD environment;

- marking of horizontal and vertical axes of fastening of facade cladding structures;

- drawing up an executive drawing on the vertical planes of the building;

- drawing markup marks on the drawing of the facade of the building.

3.4.4. The work performed must be presented to the representative of the Customer's technical supervision for inspection and documentation by signing the Certificate of breakdown of the axes of the capital construction object on the ground in accordance with Appendix 2, RD 11-02-2006 and obtain permission to work on the installation of facade wall insulation.

3.4.5. The act of laying out the axes must be accompanied by an Executive scheme for setting out (laying out) the horizontal and vertical axes of fastening of the facade cladding structures in the accepted system of coordinates and heights.

3.4.6. The completion of the preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007) and must be accepted according to the Act on the implementation of labor safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix I, SNiP 12-03-2001.

3.5. Preparation of the building base

3.5.1. Surfaces before cladding must be cleaned of mortar, dirt and concrete, the plinth - from construction debris. Separate irregularities of more than 15 mm, as well as general deviations of the surface to be lined from the vertical of more than 15 mm, must be corrected by cutting down the bulges on the surface and applying a leveling layer of cement mortar, which is applied without smoothing and grouting. At the end of the leveling, the surfaces are checked for the building level, plumb line and rule. All cracks are cut and rubbed with cement-sand mortar.

3.5.2. Next, mechanized cleaning of wall surfaces contaminated with greases, oils and anti-adhesive agents is carried out using water, with the addition of detergents using industrial vacuum cleaner for dry and wet cleaning Karcher NT14/1 Eco Te Advanced.

3.5.3. The marking of the surface of the facade of the building is carried out in the following sequence:

- the verticality of the wall is checked with a plumb line along the flat part after 2-3 m, as well as at the break points of the facade;

- the position of the horizontal seams of the cladding is marked with paint along the cord or slats are installed - orders;

- the outer surface of the cladding is marked with a horizontal cord at the height of its first row;

- after hanging the wall, it is marked out for making holes for anchors.

3.5.4. Drilling holes with a diameter of 8 mm for dowels using a manual perforator RH2551 "STURM" . Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) by blowing with compressed air or washing with water under pressure.

3.5.5. Driving screws 45 mm long with a manual drill driver Metabo Se 2800.

3.5.6. Leveling screw heads.

3.5.7. Installing plastic fasteners on screws.

3.5.8. Installation in fastenings of metal beacons.

3.5.9. Stretching the cord between the beacons.

Fig.9. Scheme for installing beacons for marking the wall

3.6. Priming the base of the facade with an adhesive primer

3.6.1. Preparation of cement-lime mortar in forced mortar mixer SO-46B.

3.6.2. Sealing of local damages and cracks of the surface of the facade, leveling of individual places with lime-cement mortar.

3.6.3. Preparation of the primer by mixing manual electric mixer ZMR-1350E-2.

3.6.4. Base processing deep penetration primer "Weber.prim contact" to eliminate the leakage of the surface of the walls.

3.6.5. Rust removal and treatment with an anti-corrosion primer for metal parts covered with a thermal insulation system.

3.6.6. The completed work on the priming of the facade must be presented to the representative of the technical supervision of the Customer for inspection, and documenting by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Hidden Works, in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006.

3.7. Installation of steel, galvanized, socle flashing

3.7.1. Drilling holes with a diameter of 8 mm for the support brackets using a manual perforator RH2551 "STURM"

3.7.2. Fastening of support brackets to the slope with fiberglass dowels at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the slope.

3.7.3. Installation of a plaster screed with a hydraulic tape with a slope from the wall of the building.

3.7.4. Mounting plinth flashing with powder coating according to RAL on the support brackets.

3.7.5. Fastening the ebb with dowel-nails using washers to the wall through a thermal break, inserting them into the prepared hole and knocking them out with a mounting hammer.

3.7.6. Establishment of overlays along the edges of the ebb, preventing the flow of water on the sides of the ebb.

3.7.7. The completed work on the installation of the basement ebb must be presented to the representative of the technical supervision of the Customer for inspection, and documenting by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Critical Structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig.10. Scheme of installation of a basement ebb

1 - basement ebb; 2 - base; 3 - polyurethane foam; 4 - sealant, sealant; 5 - house wall

3.8. Installation of a steel, galvanized window frame

3.8.1. Drilling holes with a diameter of 8 mm for the support brackets using a manual perforator RH2551 "STURM" . Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) by blowing with compressed air or washing with water under pressure.

3.8.2. Fastening of support brackets to the slope with fiberglass dowels at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the slope.

3.8.3. Laying a plaster screed with a hydraulic tape with a slope from the wall of the building.

3.8.4. Preliminary measurement of the width and depth of the opening.

3.8.5. Cut the ebb to a certain size using electric jigsaw Bosch PST 900 PEL.

3.8.6. Mounting the tide on the support brackets.

3.8.7. Fixing the tide to the window frame exactly along the edge with a step of 15 cm, with flat-head self-tapping screws using manual drill driver Metabo Se 2800 . Screw the self-tapping screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually controlling the fit of the corner to the frame, and close the cap with a decorative cap.

3.8.8. Establishment of overlays along the edges of the ebb, preventing the flow of water on the sides of the ebb.

3.8.9. Lubrication of the lower joint of the ebb with the wall with liquid sealant.

3.8.10. The completed work on the installation of window sills must be presented to the representative of the technical supervision of the Customer for inspection and documentation by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Critical Structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig.11. Scheme of installation of the ebb with a bracket on a cement screed

1 - casting pad; 2 - window tide; 3 - support bracket; 4 - window box; 5 - galvanized screw; 6 - window sill; 7 - polyurethane foam; 8 - cement mortar; 9 - dowel; 10 - house wall

3.9. Installation of external steel, galvanized side frames of the window unit with powder coating according to RAL

3.9.1. Clearing the gaps between the installed PVC window unit and the wall, removing brown dry mounting foam.

3.9.2. Filling the gaps with acrylic sealant and leveling it with a spatula flush with the slope using foam gun "STANDARD" .

3.9.3. Preliminary measurement of the height (), width () and depth () of the opening.

3.9.4. Cutting sloping corners according to certain sizes (-2 pcs., - 1 pc.) using electric jigsaw Bosch PST 900 PEL .

3.9.5. Drilling holes in the wall of the opening 6 mm, 50 mm, two on top and two on the sides, at an angle and at a distance of 30 mm from the edge of the wall using a manual perforator RH2551 "STURM" .

3.9.6. Driving into the holes of plastic dowels.

3.9.7. Application of mounting adhesive to the reverse side of the sloping corners (panels).

3.9.8. Installation of the upper corner with size B, close to the upper quarter (the narrow shelf of the profile should face the windows, the wide one should face the wall of the opening).

3.9.9. Fastening the upper corner to the wall with dowels, and to the window frame exactly along the edge with a step of 15 cm with flat-head self-tapping screws using manual drill driver Metabo Se 2800 . Screw the screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually controlling the fit of the corner to the frame, and close the cap with a decorative cap and self-tapping screws.

3.9.10. Filling the gap between the corner and the slope with acrylic sealant, followed by leveling it with a spatula flush with the slope.

3.9.11. Cutting the lower ends of the side corners (panels) at an angle of inclination of the ebb.

3.9.12. By fastening the side corners to the window frame exactly along the edge with a step of 15 cm, using self-tapping screws with a flat head (screw the self-tapping screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually controlling the tightness of the corner to the frame), close the head with a decorative cap and self-tapping screws to the wall in dowels.

3.9.13. Lubrication of the upper joints of the corners with the wall and the lower joints of the corners with a low tide with liquid sealant.

3.9.14. The completed work on the installation of side window frames must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Certificate of Inspection of Critical Structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig.12. Scheme of installation of window frames

3.10. Installation of a basement profile for the installation of insulation

3.10.1. Fixing the aluminum plinth profile AL150 to the base of the facade with dowels at a height of 0.40 m strictly horizontally, ensuring its tight connection to the base of the facade, using special washers of appropriate thickness, leaving a gap between adjacent profiles of 2-3 mm for joining with plastic connecting elements. The distance between the dowels during installation should not exceed 300 mm.

3.10.2. Connecting the base profile with connecting elements. It is forbidden to connect the plinth profile when installing with an overlap.

3.10.3. Installation of compensators for leveling the base profile in the plane. In places where the plinth profile is attached, it is necessary to ensure its tight adjacency to the base of the facade, using special washers of appropriate thickness.

3.10.4. Formation of a basement profile at the corners of the facade of the building by means of two oblique cuts of the protruding horizontal profile and its subsequent bend.

Fig.13. Installation diagram of the base profile with connecting elements

3.10.5. Stabilization of the profile crate with fiberglass with a width of at least 0.3 m by gluing it to the wall with glue "Weber.therm S 100" with access to the basement profile.

Fig.14. Stabilization of the plinth profile with fiberglass

58653 1

Before considering the issue on the merits, it is necessary to understand the terminology. The fact is that many articles give fundamentally incorrect definitions of a wet facade, which causes confusion among inexperienced developers. Amateurs call a wet facade such insulation, for the installation of which water-based glue is used. Since this material is “wet”, then the facade, respectively, is also “wet”. For persuasiveness, they talk about the dew point (it, they say, in this case is taken out of the wall) and the information takes on a “scientific” look. What is real?

According to current building regulations, all buildings must meet the requirements for heat saving. It is impossible to achieve this without the use of heaters. For example, even wooden walls in the central zone of our country must have a thickness of at least 60 cm, only such parameters guarantee the necessary thermal conductivity.

If the walls are made of brick, then their thickness increases to 120 cm or more. Of course, no one puts up such houses, and to improve the heat saving indicators, effective heaters are used, most often mineral wool or polystyrene.

Warming can be done both internal and external surfaces of facade walls. Let's dwell on the outer surfaces, they are insulated in two ways.

As for the dew point, in all cases, without exception, it is taken out of the premises. The only exception is that the walls of the house are so thin that the rooms are cooled to the dew point. Such cases happen in old panel Khrushchevs.

We specifically took your time to explain the terminology, only knowing this, you can correctly understand the process of facade insulation using various technologies.

Technically correct, such facades should be called a heat-insulating composite system for insulating facade walls with external plaster layers. As heaters, slabs of foam or pressed mineral wool are used, the thickness is selected taking into account the climatic zone and the initial characteristics of the thermal conductivity of the facade walls. But in most cases, you need at least ten centimeters. Pressed mineral wool is used very rarely and only special types. The reason is insufficient indicators of physical strength, partial shrinkage during operation. What layers does the wet facade consist of?

The base is a facade wall. It can be brick, wood, foam blocks, monolithic concrete or OSB sheets. Requirement - the surface must be flat. Otherwise, air will circulate between the wall surface and the foam boards, because of this phenomenon, the insulation efficiency decreases significantly.
Thermal insulation layer. Expanded polystyrene of facade grades (non-combustible). It is fixed with glue and dish-shaped dowels.
Fiberglass. It is advisable to purchase nets that are resistant to alkalis.
Ordinary for painting or decorative plaster. It is allowed to finish the finish with light facing facade slabs.

Before proceeding to the description of the wet facade installation technology, we want to dwell on the requirements for facade plaster in more detail. The quality in this case is directly proportional to the number of years during which the following will be preserved in their original form:

facade integrity;
its novelty.

So, it is best to opt for elastic facade plasters. Silicone compounds are ideal, for example, the new generation bark beetle plaster. Consider the main advantages of this facade coating.

Elasticity. Due to the presence of silicone in the composition, "Bark beetle" is flexible and elastic. Such properties of the coating prevent the formation of microscopic cracks on the dried plaster. This is an important quality, because any building after the completion of construction work is subjected to:

vibrations affecting the structure during shrinkage;
expansion and contraction of the materials from which the building is made, with changes in temperature.

All of these circumstances lead to the formation of small and frequent cracks on ordinary plaster. The elastic silicone composition can protect your facade from this trouble.

The texture of silicone plaster "Bark beetle", grain 2 mm

Moisture resistance. Another unique feature of the Farbe bark beetle plaster is its 100% resistance to moisture and full vapor permeability. For this, again, you can thank the unusual composition of the mixture. The finished plaster adheres tightly to every unevenness of the covered wall, and creates a protection through which water cannot seep through.

Long-term color retention. Farbe plaster contains silicone resins, which give the following effects:

the surface does not burn out - protection from ultraviolet rays is provided;
prevents the effect of any other phenomena that affect the loss of brightness of the facade.

If, as a result of mechanical action, the plaster was scratched or rubbed somewhere, you will not even notice it. The entire mass of plaster is tinted in color and no scratches or abrasions are visible on it.

Self cleaning. Thanks to the "clean facade" technology, the facing plaster "Bark beetle" is independently cleaned. This happens due to the following factors:

during distribution and solidification, the elastic composition forms a smooth, solid film;
in the presence of even a little rain, the dust that has settled on the facade is easily washed off from it without outside help.

In other words, if you are too lazy to independently monitor the appearance of the dwelling, and would like it to be “itself”, the Bark beetle plaster from the Farbe factory is your option.

Record service life. The service life of Bark beetle is on average five times higher than for similar products on the market today. If using ordinary plaster, you renew the facade coating every 5 years, with "Bark beetle" this should be done every quarter of a century.

Tinting. According to the manufacturer, the Bark beetle silicone plaster you are interested in is tinted in about 2,500 different shades. This diversity is due to the use of computer tinting and pigments from the world's leading manufacturers.

Variants of shades of silicone plaster "Korooed" Farbe

Little expense. Dry plasters imply material consumption during cladding, equal to approximately 5 kilograms per 1 m². However, the product of the Farbe factory, due to the quality and high density of the composition, suggests using no more than 3 kilograms per unit area, which is enough to form an ideal coating.

The production of the considered silicone plaster for facades is certified according to the international standard. By purchasing silicone plaster, you provide the walls of your own home with reliable protection.

Styrofoam prices

Styrofoam

Video - How to apply silicone plaster "Bark beetle"

Prices for various types of decorative bark beetle plaster

Plaster decorative bark beetle

Wet facade installation technology

Count the amount of building materials with a margin of about 10%, prepare the tools. As a heater, we recommend using foam boards, this is the cheapest and very effective option. The disadvantage of polystyrene is the complete impermeability of moisture, but this will have to be put up with. Moreover, brick or concrete surfaces hardly breathe anyway.

To finish the facades, you will need scaffolding, it is better to use metal ones. If not, make your own from lumber. Pay great attention to safety, install them on stable surfaces. Check the position by level, if the building has more than two floors, then you need to tie the vertical posts to the facade walls with special metal hooks.

Important. During the installation of scaffolding, leave a gap between them and the wall, the size of the gap should ensure comfortable hand operation during plastering or painting the insulation layer. Otherwise, the scaffolding will have to be dismantled and re-installed, and this is an extra waste of time and money.

Step 1. Check the surfaces of the facade walls, irregularities of more than 1 cm must be cut down, all the rest can be trimmed with glue. Do not be afraid that the cost of work will increase. If you calculate the time for additional wall plastering, the price of materials, then the use of glue as a leveling mortar will be much more profitable.

Step 2 Beat off the lower horizontal line with a special rope with blue, do it in a strictly horizontal position. If you are afraid that the first row of foam plates will slide down, then you need to fix a flat wooden or metal rail along the line. Fasten it with dowels or nails, it all depends on the material of the facade wall.

Practical advice. Dish-shaped dowels must match the base, they have differences for wooden, foam block and brick walls, keep this in mind when buying materials. Dowels can be screwed into a tree or driven into a prepared hole. The length of the dowel should be equal to the thickness of the foam sheet and the adhesive, plus approximately 60 mm to fix it in the wall.

Step 3 Porous surfaces should be primed, use a deep penetration primer. Apply the solution liberally for maximum impregnation of porous substrates. On smooth cement or brick facade walls, spray with cement laitance. Such operations will increase the coefficient of adhesion of the adhesive to the surfaces.

Step 4 Measure the amount of deviation from the horizontal corners of the house and check the plane of the walls. This can be done with a plumb line and a rope.

In the corners of the house, install plumb lines along the entire height of the wall. At the top and bottom, tie the rope to specially installed metal bars, pull it well.
Attach a horizontal cord to the stretched ropes, do not tighten the knots.
Gradually pull the horizontal cord up along the vertical ropes and measure the distance between it and the wall.

These data will make it possible to assess the condition of the wall. If deviations exceed a centimeter, then they will have to be repaired.

Step 5 Prepare the adhesive mixture according to the manufacturer's instructions. The amount depends on your productivity. During the preparation of the mixture, pour water into the container, and then pour in the dry ingredients.

Practical advice. If the walls of the facade are covered with old paint, then do not rush to remove it, it is long and difficult. First, check the strength of adhesion to the base. To do this, cut a grid of grooves about 1 × 1 cm in size in the paint, stick masking tape to the surface and tear it off. If the paint remains on the wall - excellent, the insulation of the facade can be done on it. If not, you will have to remove it from the surface of the walls.

Step 6 Glue must be applied to the surface of the foam. If the wall is even (roughnesses do not exceed 5 mm), use a comb. But this happens very rarely. In most cases, the solution will have to be applied with a trowel or spatula using the beacon method. On one sheet, you need up to eight beacons up to two centimeters high around the perimeter and in the center, with a diameter of about 10 cm. Due to this height, foam boards are easy to level. Glue must be applied at an angle along the edges of the slab to prevent it from getting into the seams.

Important. After one or two rows, eliminate the possibility of natural air convection between the insulation and the facade wall, otherwise natural draft will appear and the insulation will be ineffective. Not just bad, but inefficient, keep that in mind. To eliminate draft, the solution on these plates must be continuous along one line, the gap between the plates should be completely absent.

Step 7 Immediately after spreading, apply the plate to the surface. Press and level the foam with a long wooden trowel or rail, control the position with a level.

Important. Inexperienced builders can deviate vertically, it is difficult for them to control the position with a level. We recommend making a rope pattern for yourself. Stretch them at the desired distance from the wall and fix. Ropes will need to be installed at a distance of about 2-3 meters. Such simple devices will allow you to constantly monitor the position of all foam sheets along the height of the facade wall.

The difference in height of the planes of two adjacent plates cannot exceed two millimeters. If deviations are found, then after the glue has cooled, the protrusions must be carefully cut off with a very sharp knife and the transition made invisible. If wide joints are obtained between the ends of the plates - it's okay, they will then be blown out with mounting foam. The second and subsequent rows are recommended to start from the inner corners and move to the outer ones, it is more difficult to adjust the inner ones.

Step 8 To increase the fire resistance of buildings between each floor, it is necessary to make fire jumpers. This requirement of the new legislation is aimed at improving the safety and fire resistance of buildings. Fire cuts are made from pressed mineral wool of the same thickness as the foam boards. The width of the cuts is not less than twenty centimeters. Jumpers are installed around the entire perimeter of buildings and at window and door openings.

Step 9 Finishing window and door openings. Measure the slopes, cut out the slabs along them. Do not rush, all joints should be as even as possible. It is better to use mineral wool as a heater, but the choice is yours. If the finish is relatively massive, then take the foam. The insulation should cover the frame of the window and door, due to this, heat losses are reduced and the appearance of the facade wall is improved.

Important. In the place where the window tide will be installed, the foam must be cut at an angle to ensure an unobstructed stack of water. One more thing. The seams of the slabs should not be a continuation of the slopes. In these places, you need to use whole slabs and make appropriate cutouts in them to fit the size of the window. This method eliminates the accidental ingress of water into the gap between the facade wall and the foam. The minimum allowable distance from the seam to the slopes is 15 cm.

No glue is applied to the part of the plate adjacent to the window block. In the future, the gap is foamed with construction foam.

Seal all the cracks with mounting foam, after it cools, carefully cut off the remnants. Fill the voids with foam to the full thickness of the plates; it is recommended to moisten the surfaces before foaming.

Step 10 After the final hardening of the adhesive, increase the fixation strength with special dowels with large heads. They need to be installed at the junction of corners and in the center of each sheet. We have already mentioned that no technology recommends mounting insulation boards without dowels, no most expensive adhesive gives such a reliable fixation as dowels. There must be at least four pieces for each square meter of the slab.

This completes the insulation process, you can proceed to further finishing.

Insulation plastering

A very important process, not only the appearance of the facade wall, but also the durability of the entire finish depends on the quality of its execution. To increase the adhesion strength and protect the foam sheets from mechanical damage, it is necessary to use a plastic mesh, the mesh size is approximately 5 mm. Before starting work, check the surface of the wall with a long rule or rail.

First you need to trim the corners. Perforated metal profiles are used to strengthen the corners. Cut out strips of mesh about 30–40 cm wide. Apply glue to the corners of buildings of the same width, sink the reinforcing mesh into it, level it. Install a metal profile in the corners and again drown it in the solution. Level the surface. From above, the corners will be closed with a new mesh already during the finishing of the facade walls.

Step 1. With a smooth metal float or a wide spatula, apply a layer of mortar approximately 2-3 mm thick over the plates, level it immediately. There is no need to try very hard, the main thing is that it sticks well to the surface of the foam. Fiberglass mesh is easier to lay from top to bottom, the overlap must be done at least ten centimeters.

Important. Never apply the mesh to a dry wall, and then cover it with glue, only outright hacks do this. The fact is that this method of finishing significantly reduces the strength of gluing materials; in the future, cracks will certainly appear on the plaster. Pay attention to ready-made houses, many of them have this drawback - the consequences of the work of unscrupulous craftsmen.

Step 2 Carefully level the surface of the mesh, the fibers must be completely covered with glue. Check the plane of the wall with a long rail and smooth out any irregularities. To do this, carefully attach a flat rail to the wall and immediately take it away. The footprint will show areas that need alignment.

The surface must be as flat as possible.

Step 3 If the facade is planned to be painted, then a second layer of plaster should be applied, the thickness is within 2-3 mm. The main condition is the maximum alignment of the walls. The technology is the same, do not be discouraged if traces remain after the spatula, then they can be gently rubbed with an ordinary grater. If decorative plaster is chosen for finishing, then it can be applied over the first layer. The same applies to gluing thin facade panels.

If the basement is insulated, then here it is necessary to adhere to the recommended technologies to the maximum extent. The surface of the plinth must be plastered, before gluing the boards, impregnate several times with a waterproofing solution. The fact is that concrete absorbs a lot of moisture, it will fall on the glue. And the foam eliminates the possibility of evaporation, water accumulates under it, expands during freezing and the plates fall off, they will only be held on dowels. If the base is then lined with rather heavy finishing materials, then with their weight they deform the foam plates. At best, the surfaces will become uneven, at worst, you will have to remove materials and repeat the insulation of the house from the beginning.

In the absence of experience in performing such work, it is difficult to find out whether the foam is firmly glued. We recommend doing a test patch. Apply the mortar around the perimeter and in the center, place the sheet against the facade wall and align its position. Remove the styrofoam immediately and look for traces of glue on the wall. They should be uniform over the entire area, and the total area should be at least 40% of the sheet size. Such a simple test will make it possible in the future to focus on the amount and place of application of glue. In addition, you will feel with what force the foam sheet should be pressed against the facade wall.

Always start the installation of a row from the corner and from the whole slab. If a whole slab does not fit at the opposite corner, then it must be cut to size and used as the penultimate one, and the last one must be intact. In extreme cases, the area of gluing the foam should be twice the area of \u200b\u200bthe part protruding around the corner of the house. Do not forget that the slab should protrude beyond the corner of the building by its thickness, in this place the insulation from the two walls should overlap. It is better to make a ledge with a margin, the excess will then be cut off. The solution must not get on the protruding part of the plate. The next rows of foam on the previous ones are installed in gearing. The tighter they fit, the more secure the mount. In the outer corners, the biggest load, and you can’t insure yourself with dowels, remember this and carefully perform all operations. The plates on the wall should be placed apart, it is forbidden to match the vertical seams on the wall.

Especially carefully check the position of the first row, it is he who sets the level for the entire wall. It is recommended to lay subsequent rows only after the adhesive has completely cured on the first and fixed with dowels.

Do not allow glue to get into the joints between the plates. Why? Cement mixtures have high thermal conductivity and form cold bridges. They will become noticeable on the facade walls in the form of wet stripes. There are cases when such flaws cannot be hidden even with decorative plaster. The stripes are not permanent, appearing or disappearing depending on climatic conditions.

The main task of the reinforcing mesh is to protect the foam from mechanical damage. Experienced builders know that it is impossible to clean the foam from dried high-quality glue without damaging the surface. This means that the role of the grid in holding the plaster is minimal. If the mass falls off, then repairs still cannot be avoided, the plaster will sag on the grid. Hence the conclusion - reinforcement must be done in those sections of the facade wall that can be damaged by mechanical stress, as a rule, not higher than 1.5 m from the base. Anything above is up to you.

You can cut foam boards with a hacksaw with fine teeth. But this is not the best option. A much smoother cut is obtained after cutting with a heated nichrome wire. It can be bought in specialized stores, the length of the wire depends on the diameter. Stretch the wire in a convenient place and connect to the outlet. Uneven cut edges after a hacksaw can be polished with a special grater.

Video - Styrofoam cutting device

Extruded polystyrene foam has very low adhesion with adhesives. Before use, be sure to clean it on both sides with a grater until shallow furrows appear.

Video - Preparing polystyrene foam for gluing

Do not use this material as the main thermal insulation, it can only be used to finish the basement. And then only in those cases when the finishing of these surfaces is done with heavy materials.

Video - Wet facade installation technology

The building has a plan size of 25.2 × 37.2. The height of the insulated walls is 6m. There are 28 windows on the facade. 1.2 x 2.4 and 2 doors size 2.2 x 1.8

1 GENERAL PART. SCOPE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SHEET

Expanded polystyrene blocks are used to insulate external enclosing structures during the construction of new ones, reconstruction and overhaul of existing buildings and structures, followed by the production of work on its plastering using the “wet facade” technology.

live. The main elements of insulation are:

The map provides for the insulation of the facade with polystyrene blocks during the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures.

2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

The scope of work considered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of scaffolding, installation of the PSB.

Table. Work Counting Sheet

Works are performed in 1 shift. 5 units of installers work per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each unit.

		Labor costing
NN	Rationale	Name of works	Unit.	Scope of work	N. vr per unit	Even composition	N time for the entire volume
Prof.	res.	Col
	GESN 09-O4-10-3	Arrangement and dismantling of scaffolding	m2		0,4	fitter
	GESN 26-01-041 01	Installation and fixing of insulation	1m 3		18,7	fitter		1234,2
		Fixing horizon elements	100 pieces.	2,10	36,34	fitter

GESN 26-01-041 01. Insulation of cold surfaces with foam products

Meter: 1 m3 insulation

Scope of work in the norm:

01. Preparation of the insulated surface. 02. Sawing boards. 03. Installation of frame rails with fastening. 04. Solution preparation. 05. Coating the surface to be insulated with glue. 06. Laying of heat-insulating materials with fitting and fastening.

Psb installation

1234/8=154 person/day

154/5*2=15.4 working days

Before starting installation work, the following preparatory work must be carried out:

According to the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001, the working area (as well as approaches to it and nearby territories) is exempt from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction debris - from the building wall to the border of the zone dangerous for people to find when operating facade lifts;

It is necessary to store sheets of composite material at the construction site on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on level ground, with a step of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for a period of more than 1 month, the sheets should be shifted with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

The marking of the installation points of the bearing and supporting brackets on the wall of the building is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

MAIN WORKS

When organizing the production of installation work, the area of \u200b\u200bthe facade of the building is divided into vertical grips, within which work is performed by different parts of the installers from the first or second facade lifts (Fig. The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working platform of the facade lift cradle (5 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building.

The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

Installation of a ventilated facade starts from the basement of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical grips at the same time. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Direction of work

Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

1. Fixing the base profile;

2. Applying an adhesive solution to the surface of the insulation;

3. Bonding insulation to the wall surface;

4. Fastening the insulation to the wall with plastic dowels;

5. Leveling the surface of glued boards;

The lower part of the insulation layer is protected from mechanical damage by means of a plinth profile (see Fig.). These profiles, in addition to protective functions, hold the first row of insulating plates, and a dripper profiled on the lower part of the profile eliminates water leaks along the basement wall from rain, which may appear after rain. Plinth profiles are suitable in size for different thicknesses of thermal insulation. The insulation must fit exactly into the basement profile without gaps.

Rice. Fixing to the wall of the plinth profile

Insulation mount

To fix the insulation boards to the surface, a cement-based adhesive mixture is used for indoor and outdoor use. Mixture consumption - 2.2-2.9 kg / m2.

Gluing insulation produce at a temperature not lower than +50C and no rain. Insulation plates are glued to the base with an adhesive mixture. The adhesive solution is prepared on the construction site manually using an electric mixer:

To the measured amount of water (5-5.5 liters), you need to slowly pour out the contents of the bag (25 kg) and mix thoroughly with a drill with a stirrer at low speed. After obtaining a homogeneous consistency, set aside for 10 minutes, and then stir again. The solution prepared in this way retains its properties for 4 hours. The mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass free of lumps. Then, it is re-mixed after 5 minutes.

Apply the adhesive mass to the edges of the insulation board in strips 3-4 cm wide at a distance of about 3 cm from the edge so that during gluing the mass is not squeezed out beyond the edges of the expanded polystyrene. In the central part of the insulation board, apply about 6-8 cakes, 3-4 cm thick. The amount of mortar should be selected so that at least 50% of the board surface is in contact with the substrate through the adhesive.

After applying the adhesive solution, immediately attach the slab to the wall in the designated place, fixing it with blows with a long wooden trowel. At the same time, control the position of the plate both in the vertical and horizontal planes using a level. If the adhesive is squeezed out of the contour of the plate, it should be removed. Do not press the insulation boards again or move them after a few minutes. If the slab is not glued correctly, tear it off, remove the adhesive solution from the wall, and then re-apply the adhesive mass to the slab and press the slab to the wall surface. Lay the slabs in a horizontal pattern, maintaining a staggered order of seams, and at the corners "overlapping" The width of the vertical and horizontal slots should not exceed 2 mm. If there is a wider gap, it cannot be filled with an adhesive solution. A narrow strip of insulation should be inserted into such a gap and pressed in without using an adhesive solution. Before insulating the openings, it is necessary to glue strips of reinforced mesh in them of such a width that they can later be turned out with a margin of 15 cm for polystyrene foam and on the wall. Attach the mesh to the walls with an adhesive solution. The vertical position of the styrofoam board is controlled by a leveling bar

For warming window and door slopes insulation boards with a thickness of at least 3 cm should be used. Bring the insulation through the slopes up to the frames (boxes). Glue insulation boards (min. 3 cm thick) to the surface of the upper and vertical slopes, cutting them so that the boards glued to the wall plane exactly adjoin the boards that insulate the slopes. After applying the polystyrene foam to the base, you need to carefully press it with a grater. Laying the adhesive on a notched trowel guarantees a clean joint between the boards. Cut the expanded polystyrene plate to a width 5 mm less than the width of the slope, or, before gluing, cut a wedge 8-10 mm wide from the plate and fill the gap formed between the expanded polystyrene and the window frame with silicone mastic. After laying the insulation boards, but before applying the main reinforcing layer, reinforce the corners of the openings by gluing pieces of reinforcing mesh 20x35 in size, the rectangles of which are sunk into the adhesive solution with a smooth float. It is impossible not to perform this operation, as cracks may form, expanding from the corner.

The corners of window and door openings must be sanded with a grater and sandpaper. This will allow you to get even sharp corners. If there are gaps between the glued insulation boards, fill them with fitted strips of insulation. In the case of small gaps into which it is difficult to insert the insulation, it is recommended to expand them and insert the insulation with force without an adhesive solution. Do not fill gaps with glue.

Alignment of the surface of the insulation boards

Any surface irregularities of the glued insulation boards should be sanded with abrasive paper fixed to a hard trowel. This operation can be carried out after the adhesive that holds the insulation has hardened (min. 48 hours after gluing the board). This is a very important operation, as thin layers of finish will not be able to hide even small irregularities.

Fastening insulation boards with dowels

After 48 - 60 hours after gluing the boards, the mechanical fastening of the boards to the base should be started using special plate-type dowels.

The number and placement of dowels depends primarily on the following factors:

material of the insulated wall;

Type of heat-insulating structure (primarily on its weight, together with the adhesive composition, reinforcing mesh, leveling and decorative layers);

The height of the insulated building;

For walls made of solid brick, stone - 50 mm;

For walls made of hollow bricks, lightweight and porous concrete - 80-90 mm.

The depth of the hole for the driven part of the dowel should be 10 - 15 mm more than the established anchoring depth of the dowel

After fixing the dowels, you need to drive in spacer tips into them.

If the tip is difficult to hammer in to the end, you need to pull out the dowel, deepen the hole and hammer the tip again. It is not allowed to cut off incompletely driven spacers.

With properly fastened plastic dowels, their heads should be in the same plane with the polystyrene foam. This can be checked by applying a long rail to the wall. The protruding dowel heads above the surface of the Styrofoam will be visible after the final finishing of the wall.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

The quality of the facade insulation is ensured by the current control of the technological processes of preparatory and installation work, as well as during the acceptance of work. According to the results of the current control of technological processes, certificates of examination of hidden works are drawn up.

In preparation installation work check:

Readiness of the working surface of the facade of the building, structural elements of the facade, means of mechanization and tools for installation work;

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

The quality of the insulation (the dimensions of the plates, the absence of gaps, dents and other defects).

In the process of installation work check for compliance with the project:

Facade marking accuracy;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening to the wall of insulation boards;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for the unevenness of the wall;

The accuracy of the installation of load-bearing profiles and, in particular, the gaps at the points of their joining.

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Need for materials

Ground 132 kg

PSB-S 25 1000*1000*100 66 m3

Dowel for fastening thermal insulation 10 * 160 with a metal nail 330pcs

Glue bag 25 kg (per 10 m2) 66 bags

Grid plaster 50 m2

Base plate 125 m

Profile for corners 100 pm

Dowel-nails 1000 pcs

Machines, fixtures, inventory

6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

7 WORK SCHEDULE

8 SAFETY, HEALTH AND FIRE FIGHTING

1. The work must be carried out by specially trained workers under the guidance and control of engineering and technical workers.

2. Devices designed to ensure the safety of workers and the convenience of work (cradles, scaffolding) must meet the requirements of GOST 28347-89 fog, in the absence of the necessary lighting.

3. Installation, storage, loading and unloading of long metal structures (cladding panels) should be carried out in gloves. High-altitude work with slinging and helmets.

4. Means of small-scale mechanization with voltage over 42 V must be grounded

5. The performance of cladding and insulation works using combustible materials simultaneously with welding and other works using open fire is prohibited.

6. If a fire or signs of burning are detected, inform the fire department, take all possible measures.

7. In each shift, constant technical supervision must be provided by foremen, foremen, foremen and other persons responsible for the safe conduct of work.