To reduce the level of heat loss in heating systems that occur during the cold period, pipes are insulated. Heat-insulating materials help to maintain the required temperature in the network, eliminating the formation of condensation on the pipeline surface and insulation. The use of these types of agents prevents icing of water during stagnation, and slows down the corrosion process that forms over time on pipeline components that are made of metal, extending their service life.
When choosing a heater, it is necessary to initially determine the place where it will be used, outside or inside the house. The choice of heat-insulating material is influenced by:
- the diameter of the pipes located;
- heating temperature of the heat carrier;
- the conditions under which the heating system is operated.
The types of insulation used differ depending on the diameter of the pipes available. Manufacturing companies offer semi-cylinders, soft roll insulation and cylinders with a certain form of rigid execution.
For pipelines with a small diameter, half-cylinders and cylinders with characteristic stiffness are suitable. This type of execution has grooves that greatly simplify installation work. This material has an excellent level of resistance to relatively high temperatures with minimal water absorption. A rigid heat insulator constantly maintains its primary shape, providing additional safety from possible mechanical damage.
When choosing, you need to pay attention to the following characteristics of the heat insulator:
- flammability class, especially should be taken into account during further placement inside residential and industrial structures;
- the level of water absorption, on which the service life of the material directly depends, because with a high level of moisture absorption, the insulation lends itself to decay, starting to decompose, subsequently not representing any efficiency;
- the degree of resistance to ultraviolet light, because a material with a low index that is located outside the house will begin to succumb to destruction by means of sunlight;
- the level of thermal conductivity should be as low as possible, because with a low index, the heat insulator saves heat better, allowing the use of insulation with a smaller layer thickness.
Varieties of insulation materials
Thermal insulation of heating pipes is carried out after purchasing the material, but until this moment it is necessary to learn about the characteristics and advantages of the insulation, as well as its scope. After this data, it will be possible to select the most suitable and effective option.
This insulation consists of ribs and walls, which form a solid structure of a solid shape. It creates a heat-insulating shell, which has a high level of strength, while retaining heat quite effectively inside the heating network. Polyurethane foam has the following positive qualities:
- odorless and non-toxic;
- does not give in to decay;
- it is environmentally friendly to the human body;
- has excellent dielectric properties;
- the material is resistant to various types of climatic influences, favorably suited for outdoor use;
- sufficiently strong insulation, excluding the possibility of pipeline breakdowns under the influence of mechanical loads from the outside.
Its only noticeable drawback is its high cost.
Minvata
Possessing a significant level of efficiency, it is quite popular among heat insulators. It consists of mineral wool, and has a number of its own characteristics:
- cotton wool has low moisture absorption due to processing with special compounds during the manufacturing process;
- a high degree of thermal stability, which, when heated, ensures the preservation of thermal insulation and mechanical parameters at the primary level;
- is environmentally friendly, does not contain toxic substances;
- she is not afraid of the effects of acids, solvents and other chemical solutions.
Mineral wool is excellent for use as a heat insulator for heating pipes. It is quite often installed on pipelines that are subjected to continuous heating of great force.
Foamed polyethylene
Does not harm the human body. It is not afraid of significant temperature changes and is resistant to moisture. Insulation is quite popular among buyers. It is in the form of a tube with a specific thickness in which an incision is made. It is used as a heat-insulating material for pipes of a heating network, as well as for insulation of warm and cold water pipes.
It preserves its properties when used in conjunction with other building materials, including concrete, lime and others.
This insulation for heating pipes appeared on the market quite recently, being a reflective heat insulator, which consists of aluminum foil and cellular polyethylene. Thanks to the 2 layers, the material has excellent thermal performance, which is why it is quite in demand among buyers. Folgoizol has a number of features:
- fairly easy installation that does not require special protective equipment;
- it is environmentally friendly, does not emit toxic substances;
- has a long service life;
- has a wide range of uses, suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.
Penofol is distributed in rolls with various levels of density of the polyethylene layer. The choice of thickness should be based on the future conditions of use of the thermal insulator. The double layer helps to retain heat in an enclosed space, achieving maximum efficiency. 
Stages of thermal insulation of heating pipes
Mineral wool
Processes for warming the heating pipeline with mineral wool must be carried out with gloves on.
- First of all, the material is cut in accordance with the required dimensions.
- Winding on the pipe is carried out, while it is not necessary to tighten it too much.
- At intervals, they should stop, fixing with electrical tape, wire or solid rope.
- Having finished covering the pipeline with mineral wool, it is necessary to prepare a protective sheathing, which is made of roofing material or corrugated foil, which is pre-cut into pieces.
- Having installed a shell made of foil or roofing material, it is secured with plastic ties or ropes.
Polyurethane foam shell
With a small diameter, you can use a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical shell shape.
- Heat-insulating material is put on the pipeline.
- It is fixed with glue, tape, wire or self-adhesive tape.
If the pipe has a large diameter, then it is necessary to pick up the shell, which consists of several parts. This type of material is fixed according to the groove-thorn principle.
Having made high-quality insulation of heating networks, it will be possible to save a significant amount of heat inside the room. Therefore, the choice of insulation should be approached responsibly, having weighed all the advantages of thermal insulation building materials available on the market before making a purchase.
When carrying out work on equipment and installation of pipelines, it is necessary to comply with SNiP standards. What is SNiP? These are building codes and regulations for the organization of construction production, for compliance with standards, specifications and regulatory departmental acts.
Basic rules and regulations for thermal insulation
Heat networks are one of the main elements of district heating. It is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules and regulations when drawing up a project for thermal insulation of pipelines. Subject to SNiP, the thermal insulation of the pipelines will be carried out with high quality without violating the standards. Thermal insulation of pipelines SNiP is provided for linear sections of pipelines, heating networks, compensators and pipe supports. Insulation of pipelines in residential buildings, industrial buildings requires strict compliance with design standards and the fire safety system.
The quality of materials must comply with SNiP, thermal insulation of pipelines should be aimed at reducing heat loss.
The main tasks of thermal insulation, features of the choice of materials
The main purpose of thermal insulation is to reduce heat loss in heating systems or hot water pipelines. The main function of the insulation is to prevent condensation. Condensation can form both on the pipe surface and in the insulating layer. In addition, according to safety standards, the insulation of pipelines must ensure a certain temperature on the surface of the insulation, and in case of stagnant water, protect it from freezing and icing in winter.
Thermal insulation of pipelines also increases the service life of pipes.
According to the SNiP norms, the thermal insulation of pipelines is used both for centralized heating and also reduces heat loss in in-house heating networks. What you need to consider when choosing thermal insulation:
- Pipe diameter. It depends on it what type of insulator will be used. The pipes can be cylindrical, half-cylinders or soft mats in rolls. Insulation of small-diameter pipes is mainly carried out using cylinders and half-cylinders.
- Coolant temperature.
- The conditions in which the pipes will be used.
Types of heaters
Consider the most popular and frequently used materials for thermal insulation:
- Fiberglass. Glass fiber materials are often used for overhead pipelines as they have a long service life. Fiberglass has a low application temperature and low density. High-quality fiberglass has high vibration, chemical and biological resistance.
- Mineral wool. Thermal insulation of pipelines with mineral wool is a very effective heat insulator. This insulating material is used in various conditions. Unlike fiberglass, which has a low application temperature (up to 180 ° C), mineral wool can withstand temperatures up to 650 ° C. At the same time, its heat-insulating and mechanical properties are preserved. Mineral wool does not lose its shape, has a high resistance to chemical attack, acid. This material is non-toxic and has a low degree of moisture absorption.
In turn, mineral wool comes in two forms: stone and glass.
Thermal insulation of pipelines with mineral wool is used mainly in residential buildings, public and domestic premises, as well as to protect surfaces that are exposed to heat.
- Polyurethane foam has a wide range of applications, but it is a rather expensive material. According to SNiP, thermal insulation of pipelines is environmentally friendly and does not affect human health. Polyurethane foam is resistant to external factors, non-toxic and quite durable.
- Expanded polystyrene. In some areas of the industry, foam is an indispensable material, as it has low thermal conductivity and moisture absorption rates and a long service life. Expanded polystyrene is hardly flammable and is an excellent sound insulator.
- In addition to the above materials, pipelines can be insulated with the help of other less well-known, but no less practical insulation materials, such as foam glass and penoizol. These materials are durable, safe and closely related to foam.
Heat-insulating paint can also provide protection against corrosion and high thermal insulation of pipes.
This is a relatively new material, the main advantage of which is that it penetrates into hard-to-reach places and is able to withstand high temperature drops.
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Features of thermal insulation of pipelines for heating networks: standards, materials, technology
When laying pipelines, a prerequisite is the performance of work on the thermal insulation of the networks. This applies to all pipelines - not only water supply, but also sewerage systems. The need for this is due to the fact that in winter, the water passing through the pipes can freeze. And if a coolant circulates through the communications, then this leads to a decrease in its temperature. In order to minimize heat loss, when laying pipelines and resorting to the device of a heat-insulating layer. What materials and methods can be used for thermal insulation of networks - this will be discussed in this article.
Thermal insulation of pipelines: ways to solve the problem
It is possible to provide effective protection for piping systems from environmental factors, mainly from the outside temperature, if the following measures are taken:
Since the latter method is most often used, it makes sense to talk about it in more detail.
Standards for thermal insulation of pipelines
Requirements for thermal insulation of equipment pipelines are formulated in SNiP. The regulatory documents contain detailed information about the materials, 
which can be used for thermal insulation of pipelines, and besides this, methods of work. In addition, the regulatory documents indicate standards for thermal insulation circuits, which are often used to insulate pipelines.
- regardless of what temperature the coolant has, any pipeline system must be insulated;
- both ready-made and prefabricated structures can be used to create a heat-insulating layer;
- corrosion protection must be provided for the metal parts of the pipelines.
It is desirable to use a multilayer loop structure for pipe insulation. It must include the following layers:
- insulation;
- vapor barrier;
- protection made of dense polymer, non-woven fabric or metal.
In some cases, a reinforcement can be built that eliminates the collapse of materials, and in addition, prevents deformation of the pipes.
It should be noted that most of the requirements contained in regulatory documents relate to the isolation of high-capacity main pipelines. But even in the case of installing household systems, it will be useful to get acquainted with them and take them into account when installing water supply systems for sewerage on your own.
Materials for thermal insulation of pipelines
At the moment, the market offers a large selection of materials that can be used to insulate pipelines. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as application features. To choose the right heat insulator, you need to know all this.
Polymer heaters
When the task is to create an effective system for thermal insulation of pipelines, most often attention is paid to foamed polymers. A large assortment allows you to choose the right material, thanks to which you can provide effective protection from the external environment and eliminate heat loss.
If we talk in more detail about polymer materials, then the following can be distinguished from those available on the market.
Polyethylene foam.
The main characteristic of the material is its low density. Moreover, it is porous and has a high mechanical strength. This insulation is used to make cut cylinders. Their installation can be performed even by people far from the sphere of thermal insulation of pipelines. However, this material has one drawback: structures made of polyethylene foam exhibit rapid wear and tear and, in addition, have poor heat resistance.
If polyethylene foam cylinders are chosen for thermal insulation of pipelines, then special attention should be paid to their diameter. It must match the diameter of the collector. Taking this rule into account when choosing a design of insulation, it is possible to exclude spontaneous removal of covers from polyethylene foam.
Expanded polystyrene.
The main feature of this material is elasticity. It is also characterized by high strength indicators. Protective products for thermal insulation of pipelines from this material are produced in the form of segments, which in their appearance resembles a shell. Special locks are used to connect parts. They have spikes and grooves, thanks to which the quick installation of these products is ensured. The use of a polystyrene foam shell with technical locks excludes the occurrence of "cold bridges" after installation. In addition, there is no need for additional fasteners during installation.
Polyurethane foam.
This material is used mainly for pre-installed thermal insulation of heating network pipelines. However, it can also be used to insulate household piping systems. This material is available in the form of a foam or shell, which consists of two or four segments. Spray insulation provides reliable thermal insulation with a high degree of tightness. The use of such insulation is most suitable for communication systems with complex configurations.
Using polyurethane foam in the form of foam for thermal insulation of pipelines of heating networks, it is necessary to know that it is destroyed under the influence of ultraviolet rays. Therefore, in order for the insulating layer to serve for a long time, it is necessary to ensure its protection. For this, a layer of paint is applied over the foam or a non-woven fabric with good permeability is laid.
Fibrous materials
Heaters of this type are mainly represented by mineral wool and its varieties. At the moment, they are the most popular among consumers as a heater. Materials of this type are in good demand as well as polymeric materials.
Thermal insulation made with fiber insulation has certain advantages. These include the following:
- insignificant coefficient of thermal conductivity;
- the resistance of the heat-insulating material to the effects of aggressive substances such as acids, alkalis, oil;
- the material is able to maintain a given shape without an additional frame;
- the cost of the insulation is quite acceptable and affordable for most consumers.
Please note that during work on the thermal insulation of pipelines with such materials, it is necessary to exclude the compression of the fiber when laying the insulation. It is also important to protect the material from moisture.
Products made of polymer and mineral wool insulation for thermal insulation in some cases can be covered with aluminum or steel foil. The use of such screens will reduce heat dissipation.
Multilayer structures for pipeline protection
Often, pipe-in-pipe insulation is used to insulate pipelines. Using this diagram, a heat shield is installed. The main task of the specialists installing such a circuit is to correctly connect all the parts into a single structure.
Upon completion of the work, a structure is obtained that looks like this:
- a pipe made of metal or polymer material acts as the basis of the heat-shielding circuit. She is the supporting element of the entire device;
- heat-insulating layers of the structure are made of foamed polyurethane foam. The application of the material is carried out according to the pouring technology, a specially created formwork is filled with the molten mass;
- protective cover. Galvanized steel or polyethylene pipes are used for its manufacture. The former are used for laying networks in an open space. The latter are used in cases where pipeline systems are laid in the ground using channelless technology. In addition, often when creating this type of protective casing, copper conductors are laid in the insulation based on polyurethane foam, the main purpose of which is to remotely monitor the state of the pipeline, including the integrity of the thermal insulation layer;
- if the pipes are delivered to the installation site assembled, then the welding method is used to connect them. Specialists use special heat-shrink sleeves to assemble a heat-shielding circuit. Alternatively, overhead couplings made of mineral wool, which are covered with a layer of foil, can be used.
Diy thermal insulation device for pipelines
There are a number of factors on which the technology of creating a heat-insulating layer on pipelines may depend. One of the most important is how the collector is laid - from the outside or its installation is carried out in the ground.
Insulation of underground networks
To solve the problem of ensuring thermal protection of buried utilities, insulation work is carried out in the following order:
Thermal insulation of the external pipeline
In accordance with existing regulations, pipelines located on the surface of the earth are thermally insulated as follows:
- insulation work begins with the fact that all parts are cleaned of rust;
- then the pipes are treated with an anticorrosive compound. After that, they proceed to the installation of a polymer shell, followed by wrapping the pipes with a roll of mineral wool insulation;
- Please note that you can use a layer of polyurethane foam to cover the structure, or you can cover the structure with several layers of heat-insulating paint;
- the next step is to wrap the pipe as in the previous version.
Along with fiberglass, other materials can be used, for example, foil film with polymer reinforcement. When this work is completed, the structures are fastened using steel or plastic clamps.
Thermal insulation of pipelines is an important task that must be carried out when laying communications. There are many materials and technologies for its implementation. Having chosen a suitable method of thermal insulation, it is necessary to adhere to the work technology. In this case, heat loss will be minimal, and in addition, protection of the pipeline structure from various factors will be ensured, which will have a positive effect on their service life.
kotel.guru
Today, thermal insulation of pipelines is necessary both to reduce heat losses of the corresponding systems, and to lower the temperature of communications for their safe use. In addition, without it, it is difficult to ensure the normal operation of networks in winter, since the likelihood of freezing and failure of pipes is quite high and, moreover, dangerous.
According to the existing norms, as well as the rules for the safe operation of steam and hot water supply pipes, for pipeline elements with a wall temperature of more than 55 degrees and at the same time they are in accessible places, it is recommended to use additional thermal insulation, so as to reduce their heating. In view of this, during the calculation of the thickness of the protective coating laid in the room, the norms of the heat flux density are taken as a basis. In some cases, the temperature of the outer part of the insulation itself is also taken into account.
How to calculate insulation?
The choice of the required insulation is carried out on the basis of mathematical calculations, from which it is clear which material is better to take, its thickness, composition and other characteristics. If everything is done correctly, then it is quite possible to significantly reduce heat losses, as well as make the operation of systems reliable and absolutely safe.
Figure # 1. Thermal insulation of pipes with foam
What you should pay attention to during the calculation:
- - the difference in ambient temperatures where communications are used;
- - the value of the surface temperature that is supposed to be insulated;
- - possible loads on pipes;
- - mechanical influences from external influences, be it pressure, vibration, etc.
- - the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation used;
- - impact and corresponding magnitude from transport and soil;
- - the ability of the insulator to resist all kinds of deformation.
It should be noted that SNiP 41-03-2003 is considered the main document on the basis of which materials for insulation are selected, their thickness, according to specific operational conditions. In the same SNiP it is said that for networks in which the operating temperature of the pipes is less than 12 degrees, it is necessary to additionally lay a vapor barrier during surface treatment.
Thermal insulation of pipes can be calculated in two ways, and each option can be called reliable and convenient for specific conditions. We are talking about the engineering (formulaic) and online version.
In the first case, the actual thickness of the optimal insulation layer is determined by a technical and economic calculation, in which the main parameter is temperature resistance. The corresponding value should be within 0.86ºC m² / W in the case of pipes with a diameter of up to 25mm, and at least 1.22ºC m² / W - from 25mm and above. SNiP provides for special formulas according to which the total temperature resistance of the insulation composition of cylindrical pipes is calculated.
Please note that in case of any doubts about the correctness of the calculation, it is better to seek help and advice from specialists who will carry out the work reliably and efficiently, especially since the prices for their services are quite acceptable. Otherwise, a situation may arise when the volume of certain actions may turn out to be more expensive in terms of money than doing everything from scratch.
When performing work on your own, it should be understood that all calculations of the thickness of pipe insulation are made under certain operating conditions, which take into account the materials themselves, and temperature differences, and humidity.
The second method is realized through online calculators, of which there are countless numbers today. Such an assistant is usually free, simple and convenient. Often, it also takes into account all the norms and requirements of SNiP, according to which professionals perform the calculation. All calculations are performed quickly and accurately. It will be easy to figure out how to use the calculator.
Initially, the required task is selected:
- 1. Prevention of freezing of liquid in the pipeline of engineering networks.
- 2. Ensuring a constant working temperature of the protective insulation.
- 3. Insulation of communications of water heating networks of two-pipe underground channel gaskets.
- 4. Protection of the pipeline from the formation of condensation on the insulator.
Then you need to enter the main parameters, through which the calculation is carried out:
- 1. Outside diameter of the pipe.
- 2. Preferred insulating component.
- 3. The time during which crystallization of water occurs in an inert state.
- 4. Temperature index of the surface to be insulated.
- 5. The value of the temperature of the coolant.
- 6. The type of coating used (metal or non-metal).
After entering all the data, the result of calculations appears, which can be taken as a basis for subsequent construction and the selection of materials.
Figure # 2. Thermal insulation of central heating pipes
The right choice of insulation
The main reason for pipes freezing is the low circulation rate of working fluids in them. A negative factor is the freezing process, which can lead to irreversible and catastrophic consequences. That is why the thermal insulation of the networks is extremely necessary.
In particular, you need to pay attention to the above aspect in pipelines that operate periodically, whether it is water supply from a well or country water heating. In order not to have to subsequently restore the working systems, it is better, after all, to perform their timely thermal insulation.
Until recently, insulation work was carried out using a single technology, while fiberglass was used as a protective element. At the present time, a huge selection of all kinds of heat insulators is offered, designed for a certain type of pipes, having different technical characteristics and composition.
In view of their application direction, it will be wrong to compare materials and say that one is better than the other. For this reason, below we will reveal the insulators that exist today.
By component presentation option:
- - sheet;
- - roll;
- - filling
- - casing;
- - combined.
By area of use:
- - for water drainage and sewerage;
- - for steam, heating, hot and cold water supply networks;
- - for ventilation pipelines and freezing units.
Any thermal insulation is characterized by its resistance to fire and its thermal conductivity.
- 1. Shell. Its advantage is ease of installation, optimal performance and high quality of workmanship. Differs in low thermal conductivity, fire resistance, minimum level of moisture absorption. Suitable for the protection of heating networks and water supply systems.
Figure №3. Insulation for pipes shell
- 2. Mineral wool. It is usually supplied in rolls and is used for the treatment of pipes with a very high heat transfer medium. This option is advisable only for small processing areas, since mineral wool is a rather expensive material. Its laying is carried out by wrapping communications with fixation in a given position with stainless steel wire or twine. In addition, it is recommended to carry out waterproofing, since cotton wool easily absorbs moisture.
Figure №4. Insulation mineral wool cylinder
- 3. Expanded polystyrene. The design of thermal insulation of this type is more like two halves, or an shell, whereby the pipeline is insulated. The option can be safely called high-quality and convenient in terms of installation. Due to the minimum moisture absorption and low thermal conductivity, high fire resistance, minimum thickness, expanded polystyrene is excellent for protecting heating networks and water supply.
Figure №5. Insulation foam
- 4. Penoizol. Thermal insulation has similar parameters to expanded polystyrene, albeit with a significant difference in installation. Application is carried out by means of an appropriate spray gun, since the material is in a liquid state. After complete drying, the entire treated pipe surface acquires a dense and strong sealed structure, which reliably maintains the temperature of the coolant. A significant advantage is the absence of the need to use additional fasteners to fix the material. The downside is, perhaps, its high cost.
Figure 6. Insulation of pipes with penoizol
- 5. Penofol with a foil base. An innovative product that is becoming more and more popular every day. It consists of polyethylene foam and aluminum foil. The two-layer design allows both to maintain the temperature of the networks and to heat the space, since the foil is capable of reflecting and accumulating heat. We especially pay attention to the low burning ability, high environmental data, the ability to withstand high humidity and significant temperature changes.
Figure №7. Pipe insulated with foil foam
- 6. Foamed polyethylene. Thermal insulation of this type is very common, while it is often found on water mains. A feature is the simplicity of laying, for which it is enough to cut off the required size of the material and wrap the technological line with it, fixing it with tape. Often, polyethylene foam is supplied in the form of a wrapper for a pipe of a certain diameter with a technological cut, which are put on the desired section of the system.
Figure №8. Foamed polyethylene
It is important to know that when insulating pipelines, all heaters, except for penoizol, require the additional use of waterproofing and adhesive tape for fixing.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that there are a lot of pipe processing options, and the choice is very large. Experts advise paying attention to the conditions in which each material will be used, its characteristics and installation method. Naturally, a competent thermal insulation calculation also plays an important role, which will allow you to be confident in the work performed.
Video # 1. Thermal insulation of pipes. Installation example
Methods for thermal insulation of pipelines
SNiP specifications and many professionals recommend guided by the following options for protecting trunk lines:
- 1. Air insulation. Typically, communication systems running in the ground are protected by thermal insulation of a certain thickness. However, the factor that the freezing of the ground goes from the top point to the bottom is often not taken into account, while the heat flux from the pipes tends to the top. Since the pipeline is protected from all sides by a component of minimum thickness, the rising heat is also insulated. It is more rational in this case to install a heater over the upper part of the line, so that a thermal layer is formed.
- 2. Use of insulation and heating element. Great as an alternative to traditional options. In this case, the moment that the protection of the lines is seasonal is taken into account, and it is not rational to lay them in the ground for financial reasons, as well as to use a large thickness of the insulator. According to the rules of SNiP and the instructions of the manufacturers, the cable can be located both inside the pipes and outside them.
- 3. Laying the pipe in the pipe. Here, separate pipes are additionally installed in the polypropylene pipes. A feature of the method is that it is practically always possible to warm up the systems, including using the principle of suction of warm air masses. In addition, if necessary, an emergency hose can easily be laid in the existing gap.
Conclusion
Summarizing all of the above, we can say that there are many important points and nuances for processing and protecting the pipeline. In any situation, it is always better to start by calculating the required insulation, choosing its type, thickness and cost. Not the least role is played by the option of its installation, since the most problematic conditions will require additional significant cash injections into the construction of the necessary systems.
A perfect approach to the choice of thermal insulation, in the end, can lead to minimal costs and a decrease in the complexity of the work performed. A high-quality selection of the required insulation components will effectively maintain the temperature of the coolant in the pipes, as well as significantly increase their service life.
Video number 2. Universal thermal insulation for pipes
Thermal insulation of pipelines is a method that is actively used to reduce heat losses of certain systems, to lower the temperature of communications, aimed at safe daily operation. It is quite problematic to guarantee uninterrupted operation of networks in winter without the use of this technology, since the risk of freezing and, as a result, failure of pipes is extremely high.
Thermal insulation of pipes provides for a number of technical regulatory documents, the observance of which is mandatory in the design, installation and operation of engineering systems of residential and public buildings, and other facilities for various purposes.
More information can be found on the website:
It should be noted that industrial thermal insulation refers to the thermal insulation of pipelines, tanks, as well as equipment and tanks.
Thermal insulation is carried out to prevent cooling of the liquid present in the pipes or to avoid the formation of condensate on the equipment. If heat loss is not so important, then this technological process is necessary to comply with safety standards.
Different versions of insulators are being considered for insulating pipes used to transport gas.
The thermal insulation of the gas pipeline is carried out by means of a special varnish or paint, but usually they resort to modern protective materials that meet all the requirements for this, namely:
- an insulator for a gas pipeline must be endowed with the potential of a monolithic, uniform device on the pipe;
- the material for the thermal insulation of the pipeline must be characterized by a low coefficient of water absorption and have high waterproofing qualities;
- protect the structure from destructive ultra-radiation.
Insulation of underground networks
Thermal insulation is a prerequisite for laying both water supply systems and sewerage systems. Insulation of pipelines will help to avoid freezing in winter and eliminate heat loss.
All insulation work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements clearly formulated and spelled out in SNiP.
Thermal insulation requirements
The regulatory documents contain detailed information on the materials and methods of work. It also indicates the standards applied to the contours of thermal insulation, and provides certain recommendations.
Types of thermal insulation materials
Thermal insulation is subdivided into types with certain properties and is produced in the following forms:
- senments;
- cylinders;
- mats;
- half-cylinders;
- rolls.
Types of insulation:
The list above is not limited to this, the market is regularly updated with new options in this area.
Thermal insulation with mineral wool
Mineral wool of all types of insulation presented today is characterized by the lowest cost, and the advantage is the ease of installation of insulation. Thermal insulation of pipelines with mineral wool - process:
- a roll of cotton wool is cut into strips 200 mm thick (across) and they are then wrapped around the pipes, first with a layer of mineral wool (100 mm thick), on top - tightly with a layer of fiberglass;
- mineral wool should be laid evenly, it should not wrinkle.
Mineral wool is considered as thermal insulation of pipelines of significant diameter, applicable for heating routes of urban networks and for sewerage systems, for sewerage systems of small diameter and for water supply pipes - not practiced.
Thermal insulation of external pipelines
The choice of thermal insulation materials for the external laying of heating pipes is quite large and are offered in the form of roll-type mats. 
The pliability of the material allows you to give them a figured shape for ease of installation, heaters are offered, applied in a liquid form, their further qualities are manifested after solidification.
Removable thermal insulation in a galvanized casing is widely used in linear pipeline sections.
Foam rubber in the form of tubes or rolls, depending on the diameter of the pipes, is used as thermal insulation for pipes and parts of technological pipelines, installed in several layers, depending on the required thickness of thermal insulation.
An interesting method for thermal insulation is considered to be a cover layer, the types of which can be really familiarized with on the website:
Thermal insulating materials used on pipelines laid in the open air and directly on the surface of the earth will allow hot water not to cool down on the way to the consumer, and all types of pipes are insulated:
- plastic;
- metal;
- polymer;
- metal-plastic;
- composite.
Moreover, with independent thermal insulation of communications in a private house, it is easier to work with pre-insulated pipes and self-adhesive insulation, and it is recommended to use an additional winding, for example, aluminum tape, as an assistant to eliminate defects.
Calculation of heat loss. The methodology for calculating possible heat losses by a pipeline, taking into account the actual temperatures of the coolant and the air surrounding the system, the properties and thickness of thermal insulation, can be found here:
Thermal insulation materials for pipelines, including polyurethane foam and glass wool, are highly effective insulating materials in all their qualities.
Polyurethane foam as a pipeline insulation is an environmentally friendly and efficient insulation. It is characterized by a neutral odor, is not susceptible to fungus, endowed with increased resistance to harmful environments, does not collapse, is completely harmless to humans and the environment. 
Directly for large-diameter pipes, a spraying method is used, as a result of which a seamless continuous insulation is formed, a peak reduction in heat loss is guaranteed. Spraying is carried out at the place of work, using special equipment for thermal insulation of pipelines, the simplicity and speed of the procedure is a clear advantage. For work on pipes of small diameter, shells based on polyurethane foam are considered, which provide a high level of thermal insulation, this method is affordable at its cost.
Thermal insulation with glass wool meets all the requirements for thermal insulation materials. 
The material is offered in the form of rolls, mats, boards of various thicknesses, sizes and densities. Glass wool during installation is somewhat inconvenient and needs additional insulation and sealing, which increases the cost of work and their duration.
Drawing up estimates for pipeline insulation
Work on the thermal insulation of pipelines is impossible without drawing up a preliminary estimate, where the entire sequence of work performed is spelled out "step by step", on the basis of which the cost of the work is formed.
You can familiarize yourself with the rules for drawing up an estimate on the website:
How is the work on the insulation of pipelines carried out
Thermal insulation must be carried out in accordance with applicable rules and regulations, which guarantees effective energy savings and an increase in the duration of the useful life
.The installation of thermal insulation of pipelines, based on the article, can really be done using various materials, but taking into account certain factors and, above all, from the direct purpose of the future laid system.
For example, thermal insulation of pipelines with a high temperature of the medium transported through it is best done using cylinder insulation (polyurethane foam shell), additionally lined with foil cardboard or foil.
Brief device for thermal insulation of pipelines
Preliminary stage:
- complete completion of installation work (locksmith, welding);
- cleaning with steel shields (manually) or using sandblasting machines of the surface and joints of the pipeline, degreasing;
- testing the strength and tightness of welded seams (visual inspection, pressure testing, control (if necessary) using special equipment));
- application of special compositions - epoxy primers (as an example).
It is interesting to get acquainted visually with the installation process:
In many houses (from buildings that have been standing for more than a dozen years, and up to recently erected cottages), people overpay considerable sums for heating only because the heat supply system wastes a significant part of its energy (in particular, those networks that pass along the street).
Very often this happens due to mistakes made during the installation of pipelines of heating networks - while losses can reach 40-60%, which, of course, is a lot.
Moreover, this situation not only increases your costs, but in addition also reduces the service life of heat supply network equipment, which would have worked longer at lower loads.
For this reason, thermal insulation of pipelines of heating networks is a fairly relevant solution that should not be neglected. Consider how the heating pipelines are insulated, what material is used and how exactly a similar procedure is performed.
Why insulate pipelines?
To begin with, we will figure out in more detail whether it is necessary to use the material for insulation of heating pipes or for thermal insulation of heating networks, and if necessary, then why and where exactly.
The heating system of any building is arranged as follows: the air inside the room heats the coolant (water) circulating through the pipelines to the radiators.
Giving its heat through the walls of the pipes, the water returns back to the boiler, which heats it up again. This is - if in general terms.
However, heat transfer is not necessary along the entire length of the pipe. For example, if the boiler room in your house is located far from living quarters (or even in a separate building on the street) that need heating.
During transportation from the boiler to the area requiring heating, the water will lose some of the heat. As a result, more energy (fuel) will have to be spent on heating the air for living rooms, which means more money.
Often, boiler rooms are located in basements, where the temperature is noticeably lower than for a living room. So the Energoflex insulation for heating pipes in the basement will give a serious result for saving fuel.
But thermal insulation for heating pipes for an apartment is no longer so important and irreplaceable. The only caveat is that the insulation of the heating pipes is relevant: in this case, more heat will get to the battery.
In addition, the pipeline also needs mechanical protection against possible damage. First of all, this applies to areas running along the street - it is about their isolation that you need to think about first of all.
How to isolate?
Now let's consider how to insulate pipes of heating networks most efficiently. There are several options (according to the method of application):
- Roll materials.
- "Shell".
- Liquid (sprayed) insulation.
Alternatively (by the way, the most successful and convenient) - you can buy pre-insulated heating pipes. It is most convenient to use pre-insulated pipes, because it saves time: you are installing the networks of a system that is already insulated.
The disadvantages of this solution are the following nuances:
- working with segments is not always convenient (we are talking about laying pipes through hard-to-reach places);
- the joints of the segments will be unprotected - which means that they will still have to be insulated (and this will be a small piece of pipe, for which it is unlikely that it will be possible to choose a standard size insulator);
- the price of pre-insulated pipes for heating is 15-50% higher than the price of the same products without insulation (depending on the insulating material and its thickness).
Now let's take a closer look at the aforementioned variations.
The simplest, but ineffective option. It is good when you do not need to obtain significant savings in heat, or (which is better) when combined with any other insulator.
Material for insulation of heating networks of this type is represented by the following products:
- Butacryl is a heat-saving paint. The price for it is $ 5 per 1 kg.
- Liquid ceramic insulation. Brands - "Akterm", "Korund", "Teplomett". It costs about $ 3.5-5 per 1 kg.
- Heat-insulating paint "Bronya". Compositionally similar to the aforementioned ceramic products. It costs about the same.
The advantage of using such materials is the simplicity and speed of application. The material is applied to the surface, hardens, forming a dense crust - which will retain heat.
Roll materials
Roll insulating material for heating networks began to be used more than a decade ago - for industry and for housing and communal services. The most common material is rock wool.
The pipeline was simply wrapped in rolls of this material, after which it was tied with wire on top, and a galvanized casing on top. The resulting design retained heat and, in addition, was not "afraid" of mechanical damage.
This solution is still widespread today due to its low cost.
However, there is an important nuance: for thin pipes (which are used in houses), such material is not suitable - there are more successful and convenient solutions on sale.
In addition, the mineral wool material does not tolerate moisture very well - condensation makes the structure heavier and promotes caking of the material.
So the thermal insulation of heating pipelines in the basement (if it is humid there) or on the street is not a very good solution (if you do not worry about additional protection - such as galvanizing or fiberglass casing).
Such an insulator costs an average of $ 1.5 (with a thickness of 5 cm) per 1 "square".
"Shell"
Among modern solutions for household insulation, this is certainly the most successful option.
The product is made in the form of a cylinder, which is put on the pipe from above - this, in principle, is the whole process of insulation. However, this option is only possible when creating a pipeline system.
But to insulate the existing structure, you can use another option - a cylinder cut into 2 parts. In this case, the segments are put on the pipe and connected together (how exactly - we will analyze below).
"Shell" can be made of several materials:
Now we will mention specific manufacturers.
Mineral wool products are currently presented in the largest quantities on the market. This is insulation for heating pipes "Energoflex", "Technonikol", "Ursa", "Knauf", "Rockwool".
On average, you can buy thermal insulation for heating pipes from the above manufacturers in the region of $ 1.5-2 per meter (for a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 50 mm).
The products of the presented brands are produced both in the usual form (i.e. only a mineral wool cylinder), and with additional protection - from galvanized, fiberglass or foil.
Protected options are relevant when waterproofing of heating pipes is also needed - since the mineral wool itself, as mentioned above, does not tolerate moisture well.
By the way, with their help, noise insulation of the heating riser is also carried out.
Now let's mention the producers of polyurethane foam - "shell". In this category, you should know about the following brands: "Termoplex", "TIS".
The price of insulation for heating pipes in this case will be slightly higher than the above figures - about $ 2 will have to be paid for 1 meter of a product suitable for a pipe with a diameter of 22 mm.
"Shell" for insulation with foil
The thickness of the insulation will be 40 mm. However, it should be borne in mind that polyurethane foam is an order of magnitude more effective than mineral wool and foam, which means that it can be used with a smaller insulator thickness.
In addition to the advantages, resistance to moisture should also be attributed - due to which thermal insulation of pipelines of heating networks in the basement or on the street with the help of polyurethane foam can be done without problems.
Liquid insulation
For "home" insulation, this option is not suitable - the application is carried out using special expensive installations, but for thin pipes (which are used in apartments or houses) the method is not very convenient.
Most often it is used in industry, less often in utilities (for insulating large-diameter pipelines).
The process consists in spraying a composition (liquid polyurethane foam) on the pipe surface, which solidifies on it in a matter of seconds.
The advantage of the technique is that in this way a pipe section of any complexity is insulated without problems - regardless of the angle of rotation. Prices for the insulation of heating pipes of this type are from $ 3-4 per meter (depending on the complexity of the work and the diameter).
About isolation methods (video)
The nuances of mounting the shell
How much you can buy insulation for heating pipes - we figured it out. Now we will describe the procedure for assembling the "shell" (of two segments) - as the most successful option for independent work.
The stages are as follows:
- The edges of one segment are coated with glue - for better adhesion.
- The shell segment is put on the pipe.
- The second is applied from above and pressed - so that the glue "seizes".
- You can use tape or wire on top - to increase reliability or in order to press the insulation more tightly to the pipe.
In order to reduce heat loss and protect the above-ground pipelines from freezing, the project provides for the laying of pipelines in thermal insulation with electric heating. Insulation volumes see item 6.6.2, table 19.
The design of thermal insulation was carried out in accordance with SP 61.13330.2012 (updated edition of SNiP 41-03-2003) "Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines". The project uses insulating materials characterized as non-combustible according to SNiP 21-01-97 *.
Insulation of pipelines is carried out after testing them and eliminating all defects found in this case.
The design, material, thickness of thermal insulation and cover layer are shown below (Table 21).
Construction of thermal insulation of overhead pipelines
| Diameter | Heat insulating material | Covering | Fastening integumentary | Coloration surface pipeline before applying the thermal insulation layer |
| 22,32,57,108 | Heat-insulating cylinders made of mineral wool on synthetic knitting grade 150 GOST 23208-2003 | GOST 14918-80 * | Bandage made of cold-rolled tape made of low-carbon steel OM-0.5x20 Bandage buckles TU 36.16.22-64-92 | |
| Enamel KO-811's | ||||
| thickness - 60 mm | thickness - 0.5 mm | GOST 23122-78 * | ||
| (three layers) | ||||
| 159,219,273 | Thermal insulation mats | Galvanized steel grade OCB-PN-NO GOST 19904-90 / ON-KR-2 GOST 14918-80 * | ||
| stitched | ||||
| mineral wool | ||||
| stamps 125 | ||||
| GOST 21880-2011 | ||||
| thickness - 80 mm | thickness - 0.5 mm | |||
Thermal insulation of underground pipelines is made of heat-insulating semi-cylinders from extruded polystyrene foam. Waterproofing is made with a protective wrap Polylen-OB "according to TU 2245-004-01297859-99. The thermal insulation design is shown below (Table 22).
Construction of thermal insulation of underground pipelines
| Pipe diameter, mm | Heat insulating material | Anti-corrosion insulation before applying the thermal insulation layer | Covering layer |
| Semi-cylinders "Penoplex 45" | Primer NK-50 | Protective wrap "Polylen-OB" TU 2245-004-01297859-66 |
|
| TU 5767-001-01297858-02 (or similar) | TU 5775-001-0129-7859 * -95 | ||
| 89, 108 | thickness - 50 mm | Film "Polylen 40-LI-63" | |
| Penoplex 45 segments TU 5767-001-01297858-02 (or similar) | TU 2245-003-01297859-99 | ||
| Protective wrap | |||
| thickness - 50 mm | "Polylen-OB" | ||
| TU 2245-004-01297859-66 |
Fittings, flange connections, pipeline parts are thermally insulated with the same materials as pipelines. Removable heat-insulating structures are provided for fittings, flange connections, as well as at the points of measuring and checking the condition of pipelines.
Anticorrosive insulation of pipelines
The project provides for external corrosion protection of steel process pipelines.
Non-insulated pipelines of aboveground laying (T11, T21 - diethylene glycol pipeline) shall be covered with PF-115 GOST 6465-76 * enamel in two layers on the GF-0119 GOST 23343-78 * primer in one layer.
To cover pipelines laid in thermal insulation with electric heating with KO-811 enamel in accordance with GOST 23122-78 * (three layers).
To protect underground pipelines from corrosion, cover the outer surface of the pipes with anticorrosive insulation in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 51164-98 and RD 39-132-94, the insulation thickness is at least 2 mm.
To protect pipelines and fittings from soil corrosion during underground laying, a protective film coating of a reinforced type is adopted, and ECP means are also used.
During the transition from above-ground to underground, insulating flange connections are installed that provide electrical isolation of the cathode-protected object from the cathode-unprotected one and can significantly reduce the risk of corrosion caused by stray currents.
The project provides for the following construction of an insulating film coating:
- primer "NK-50" according to TU 5775-001-01297859-95;
- film "Polylen 40-LI-63" according to TU 2245-003-01297859-99 in two layers;
- protective wrap "Polylen-0B" according to TU 2245-004-0127859-99 in one layer.
At the transition of pipelines from underground to aboveground laying, overlapping of protective coatings is provided with an overlap of at least 0.5 m in both directions.
Insulation should be applied to a previously prepared surface. Prepare parts and pipelines before applying anti-corrosion coatings according to scheme No. 2 of Table 3 or according to Table B.1 (Appendix B) GOST 9.402-2004. In the absence of grease contamination and marking paints, degreasing before machining is not performed. Mechanical cleaning of the surface from oxides is carried out in accordance with table 9 of GOST 9.402-2004 to the 2nd degree.
Corrosion rate monitoring must be carried out in conjunction with in-service monitoring of pipelines and equipment by non-destructive methods (pipeline inspection, technical examination of equipment).