Tetracycline or erythromycin ointment. Erythromycin eye ointment: instructions for use. Which ointment is better tetracycline or erythromycin. Is the appointment of Levomekol ointment effective?

For the treatment of infectious and purulent diseases of the eyes and skin, special external agents are used containing as an active ingredient antibiotics... They fight infectious agents. The most effective drugs are erythromycin and tetracycline ointments, and many patients wonder - which of these drugs is better and more effective?

An antibiotic for external use, used to treat eye infections and inflammatory diseases.

The main active ingredient of the drug is erythromycin... 1 g of the drug contains 10,000 units of erythromycin... Also in the composition are: lanolin, petroleum jelly and sodium disulfite.

Indications for use:

• Conjunctivitis (including blepharoconjunctivitis).
• Bacterial blepharitis.
• Meibomite (barley).
• Keratitis.
• Ophthalmia of newborns.
• Chlamydial eye infection.
• Trachoma.

Contraindications:

• Allergy to the components of the drug.
• Severe liver disease.

It is worth using the medication during pregnancy and lactation and for the treatment of infants only if the risk of side effects is lower than the expected benefit. Erythromycin passes into the placenta and breast milk.

Side effects: the occurrence of allergic reactions (redness, itching, burning, tissue swelling, increased lacrimation). With prolonged use, the agent may develop a secondary infection (as a result of addiction of microorganisms to the active substance).

A broad-spectrum antibiotic from the tetracyclines group with bacteriostatic action... It is used to treat infectious external diseases. It destroys the bond between tRNA and the ribosome in the bacterial cell, which leads to suppression of protein synthesis.

The main active ingredient of the drug is tetracycline (tetracycline hydrochloride). Available in two forms - 1% (10,000 units) and 3% (30,000 units).

Indications for use:

The medication cannot be used in case of individual intolerance to the components of the drug and at the age of under 11 years (for 3% of the form).

During pregnancy and lactation, the drug can be used provided that the risk of side effects is lower than the expected benefit.

Side effects: allergic reactions (burning, itching, swelling and redness of tissues, increased lacrimation).

Manufactured in Russia. Available without a prescription.

Similarities

Both medicines are antibiotics and are intended to treat pus-producing eye infections. They have a bacteriostatic effect - they suppress the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

The funds are available in the form of an ointment and contain the same base - petroleum jelly, lanolin, sodium disulfite.

Erythromycin and tetracycline have the same indications for use - various types of conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, barley and trachoma. They can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but only for strict indications and provided that the expected benefit is higher than the risk of side effects in the fetus and baby.

The side effects of the funds are also the same - they can cause burning and itching of the skin, swelling and hyperemia of tissues.

Both drugs are manufactured in Russia and sold without a prescription.

Differences

Despite the strong similarity, erythromycin and tetracycline ointments have some differences:

1. The main difference between the funds lies in the main active ingredient. Erythromycin ointment contains erythromycin, and tetracycline -.
2. Tetracycline ointment is available in two forms - 1% and 3%. The three percent form is used to treat infections of the skin and mucous membranes.
3. Erythromycin can be used at any age, including children. 3% tetracycline ointment is contraindicated in patients under 11 years of age.
4. The drug containing erythromycin should not be used for severe liver pathologies. It should also be used with extreme caution in kidney pathologies.

What to choose

For infectious eye lesions, both drugs can be used, since they are equally effective. But if long-term treatment is required, then a drug with tetracycline should be chosen, since it causes less resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics.

Tetracycline and erythromycin penetrate the placenta and breast milk, so they should be used very carefully during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

If a medication is required to treat skin lesions, then only 3% tetracycline ointment will do. It should also be used to eliminate acne and rosacea, but with these diseases it is better to use other means aimed at combating acne.

In pediatrics, both drugs are used, they are prescribed even to infants. For the treatment of ophthalmia in newborns, it is preferable to use erythromycin ointment.

It must be remembered that the use of drugs without first consulting a doctor is fraught with complications and side effects. If therapy is required by a pregnant woman or a small child, then only a doctor should prescribe a medication.

Source: vchemraznica.ru

Zinc ointment

This is petroleum jelly plus zinc oxide, which, by the way, is widely used in the treatment of diaper rash under a diaper. It soothes and protects irritated skin, helps speed up healing, dries up excess sebum and decreases sebum production. Scientific research confirms that people with acne have lower levels of zinc in their bodies compared to people with clear skin.

It is recommended to wash the affected area with a mild detergent before applying the product. Then apply on top of acne areas. For the medicine to start working, it is best to leave it on for a few hours. Better at night, and wash off in the morning, as zinc oxide preparations create a white film on the face.

Most of all, this ointment is suitable when the face hurts from subcutaneous acne - the inflammation goes away faster and leaves fewer marks.

Ichthyol ointment

Its components are resin distillation products, it has a black color and a specific smell of tar. Not very nice, but worth it! It penetrates into the deep layers of the epidermis and draws out pus, has antiseptic properties, dissolves comedones. Among other things, the ointment helps to fight post-acne - spots after acne, only if they are shallow.

Apply "ichthyolka" pointwise, do not rinse it off for 1.5-2 hours. You can dab it on a cotton ball or gauze and cover it with a patch, especially if the pimple is deep and painful.

It is best to carry out the procedure at night, then in the morning you will see that the pus has come out. Keep in mind that the product dyes your clothes and pillowcase, be careful.

It is a proven antibiotic (macrolide type) for moderate to severe acne. It works by slowing the growth of bacteria that cause acne. It may take 5 to 7 days before you start to see improvement.

On previously cleansed skin, apply a thin layer and rub in gently twice a day, or as directed by your doctor. Wash your hands after use. Avoid contact with eyes, nose or mouth. If this happens, rinse thoroughly with water.

It makes no sense to use the product longer than 3 weeks, as it becomes addictive. It is contraindicated if:

• you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding;
• there is an allergy to the components of the drug;
• with diseases of the liver and kidneys.

Salicylic ointment

The medicine consists of petroleum jelly and salicylic acid, which is obtained from willow bark. It has long been proven to be effective in treating acne, relieving inflammation and reducing oily skin.

Apply the product with a cotton swab to problem areas of the face. The course of treatment should not exceed 3 weeks. People with dry and sensitive skin should keep in mind that it has a strong drying effect.

Sulfuric ointment

Sulfur has been considered a popular treatment for inflammatory skin conditions for centuries. As early as 5000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians used it to treat acne and eczema, and traditional Chinese medicine used it until the reign of the Yellow Emperor, about 2200 years ago.

The disadvantage is the smell, so it is better to stay at home during the treatment. Do not apply the product in a thick layer, otherwise allergic reactions may occur.

It is a thick, mustard-colored paste from the antibiotic group. It has an antimicrobial effect by reducing the proliferation of propionic bacteria. The recommended course should last at least 4 weeks.

Avoid applying the drug to damaged or irritated skin. In order not to stain the bedding, it is better to put a bandage on top.

Retinoic ointment

The main active ingredient is retinol (vitamin A). What are its medicinal properties?

• cell renewal is stimulated;
• pores are narrowed;
• heals acne sores well;
• the amount of sebum produced is reduced;
• the scarring process is accelerated;
• collagen production increases.

During the course of treatment, apply a pea-sized ointment in the morning 1 time in 20-30 minutes after washing. Despite its popularity, this drug has a number of contraindications, including pregnancy and lactation.

Judging by the reviews, it is not suitable for people with oily skin, since petroleum jelly clogs pores and blackheads form. For a while, you will have to give up wearing contact lenses and switch to glasses. And you should also stop taking medications containing vitamin A because of the ability to accumulate in the body and cause negative consequences.

Topical remedies for treating skin problems are important, but if in doubt, it is best to see a doctor. It is likely that not everything was mentioned on my list. I wonder what remedies have helped you?

See you, see you soon!

Source: gemelos-feliz.ru

What is barley in the eye?

Barley is a disease in which a dense, small abscess forms at the edge of the eyelid.

This occurs due to the ingress of pathogenic microflora into the ciliary follicles, which, developing and multiplying, and leads to the formation of an abscess.

Usually disease proceeds in an acute form and within a week the abscess opens itself(In rare cases, this may require surgery).

For the treatment of barley, it is necessary to use antiseptic preparations and ointments with antibiotics, since in the absence of such treatment, the development of purulent-septic lesions is possible.

The effectiveness of treatment of barley ointments

Ophthalmic ointments are the most effective treatment for barley in the eye.

Such drugs kill pathogenic microflora, and pathogens do not spread in the affected tissues.

As a result, the abscess matures on its own and bursts after five to seven days.

At the same time, the drugs do not allow the purulent contents, which contain bacteria and toxic products of their vital activity, to spread over the surface of the eyeball.

Such funds are potent drugs, which, with their effectiveness, have a number of contraindications: a predisposition to allergies to the components of the drug, fungal or viral eye diseases and intolerance to the active ingredients.

Not all ointments may be effective for barley, and there are no universal preparations.

For successful treatment, it is necessary to use only the funds prescribed by the attending physician..

At the same time, neither an overdose, nor an insufficient amount of the agent is undesirable: it is necessary to apply the agent in the dosage indicated in the instructions for use.

Treatment at different stages

It is recommended to use these drugs at any stage of barley manifestation.

It is optimal to start using such funds from the first days of the development of pathology, which can be determined by the following features:

• swelling of the eyelids;
• redness;
• an increase in the density of the skin of the eyelids;
• itching and burning;
• painful sensations;
• in some cases - temperature increase body.

In the early stages of pathology, with the help of ointments, painful sensations can be stopped.

Ointments for adults

For the treatment of barley in adults, the following ointments can be used:

Ointments for children

When treating children, adult eye ointment may not work (except for tetracycline ointment).

Hydrocortisone

It is better to use products with fewer side effects, such as hydrocortisone ointment.

The medicine is rubbed into the affected eyelid from the outside two to four times a day.

In case of severe inflammation, it is recommended to apply an eye patch on the treated skin area for a while to limit exposure to moisture and air and enhance the effect of the medication. The drug costs about 30 rubles per tube.

Levomycetinova

Less dangerous, in terms of side effects, is chloramphenicol ointment, which can be applied up to five times a day.

Depending on the volume of the tube and the pharmacy network, the cost may vary between 60-140 rubles.

Levomekol

A good barley remedy is a combined antibacterial drug levomekol.

It is effective against staphylococcus, E.coli and many gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

It is better to apply the product on sterile wipes or cotton pads, which are then attached to the affected eye for one hour (this procedure can be performed twice a day). One tube of the medicine costs about 120 rubles.

Antibiotic products

Among the most common drugs in this group are:

Such drugs temporarily worsen the quality of vision after laying, therefore it is better to use them at night.

But if during the day you do not need to perform any actions related to the need to focus your vision, you can use medications during the day.

How to apply correctly?

The procedures must be performed before opening the abscess, after which, for prophylaxis, the use of the medicine can be continued for a couple of days.

Reviews

« Recently I got barley after I was blown away.I decided not to follow the advice of my relatives who spoke of the traditional method of heating with a boiled egg.

It seems to me that in our age it is more expedient to use medications, and it is better only those that the doctor prescribes.

to me the doctor advised treating the barley with tetracycline ointment.

The effect was visible the very next day: the abscess turned not so red as it was on the first day, and even seems to have decreased in size, and after four days it burst altogether. "

Evgeny Drozdov, Samara.

“I am always worried about any disease son, and even such a harmless disease as barley, caused me concern.

I decided not to wait and even more not to use herbal tinctures, which some treat such diseases.

When visiting The pediatrician was advised to smear the child's eyelid with Levomekol ointment.

The effect was not immediately noticeable, but it was still: tumor that appeared on the first day, sleeping, a son stopped complaining about pain.

In addition, I decided to use tetracycline ointment, but the doctor convinced me that this is unnecessary and that the abscess will open up in the next few days. "

Svetlana Savinkova, Irkutsk.

Source: zrenie1.com

Effectiveness of zinc ointment

One of the oldest time-tested remedies is zinc ointment. In its composition there is nothing but zinc oxide and medical petroleum jelly, so it cannot harm the skin. Zinc ointment perfectly relieves inflammation, has a disinfecting and drying effect.

It is best to apply the ointment to previously cleansed skin in a thin layer. To achieve the best effect, this procedure should be repeated regularly, 5-6 times a day. The disadvantages of this tool include the fact that it cannot be applied under makeup, therefore, zinc ointment can be used only at night and on weekends.

Can I deal with acne with ichthyol ointment?

The ointment, the main component of which is ichthyol, has a complex effect. It perfectly disinfects and relieves inflammation. Thanks to these properties, it can be used to treat acne. In addition, this ointment is able to draw out the resulting pus from the wound, so it is effective even in the treatment of deep acne.

Ichthyol ointment has a thick consistency and is poorly absorbed into the skin, so you can only use it when you do not need to go outside. It must be applied to previously cleansed skin. It is possible to remove the remnants of the ointment from the face only after an hour. Its use can cause allergic reactions in some people.

The use of Vishnevsky ointment for the treatment of acne

This tool appeared more than half a century ago. It has been used to treat various skin conditions. Today, the effectiveness of Vishnevsky's ointment has also been proven in the fight against acne. It has a softening, drying, anti-inflammatory and disinfecting effect. In addition, it perfectly stimulates the regeneration process and relieves swelling.

To get rid of the pimple that appears, you need to bandage it. To do this, take a sterile bandage, put a small amount of Vishnevsky's ointment on it, apply it to the pimple and fix it with an adhesive plaster. This is best done at night before bed. In the morning, you can remove the bandage and wipe the skin with any alcohol-containing solution. This procedure must be repeated until the problem is completely eliminated.

Salicylic ointment for acne treatment

With the help of salicylic ointment, you can quickly deal with acne that appears. It has anti-inflammatory and disinfectant effects. After applying the ointment, the skin will become less oily and cleaner.

Salicylic ointment should be used with caution. The course of treatment should not be more than twenty days. Otherwise, the skin can become very dry and it will be problematic to restore its health. It is best to apply the ointment to previously cleansed skin with a cotton swab. Moreover, only the affected areas should be processed.

Using sulfuric ointment to fight acne

Sulfur ointment has long been famous for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect. It perfectly degreases the skin. That is why its use in the fight against acne is quite effective. Sulfur ointment has an unpleasant odor, so you can use it only if you do not plan to leave the house after that.

It is necessary to apply the ointment in a thin layer, otherwise the skin may become irritated. To obtain the best result, treatment must be supplemented with the use of vitamin complexes.

The effectiveness of synthomycin ointment in the fight against acne

This ointment is an excellent broad-spectrum antibiotic. It fights bacteria in the skin that can cause acne. In addition, it contains castor oil, due to which it also has an anti-inflammatory effect.

It is necessary to apply the ointment on previously cleansed skin and only with clean hands. If a very small area of ​​the skin is affected, then it is necessary to apply the medicine only on it. The duration of treatment is best determined after consulting a dermatologist. Remember that synthomycin ointment cannot be used concurrently with other medicines.

Retinoic Acne Ointment

Regular use of retinoic ointment significantly reduces the oily skin. In addition, it has an antibacterial effect. Thanks to this, with its help, you can quite successfully cope with acne.

The ointment should be applied in a small layer to the affected skin twice during the day. Try to avoid the area around the eyes and the corners of the mouth. Remember to store the ointment in the refrigerator. The general course of treatment should be four to six weeks. If necessary, after consulting a doctor, the course can be repeated.

Tetracycline ointment should only be used to treat severe acne. Apply the ointment in a thin layer to the affected skin. If you have one large pimple jumped up, then you can apply a bandage with tetracycline ointment on it. To do this, take a small piece of sterile bandage or gauze, lubricate it with ointment and apply to the pimple. You can fix the bandage with an adhesive plaster. You need to change it every 12 hours. The result will be obvious in a couple of days.

Will pits ointment help fight acne?

The composition of the yam ointment includes such components as tar, sulfur, zinc oxide, lysol, salicylic and carbolic acids, petrolatum and lanolin. It has acaricidal and fungicidal effects. Therefore, it is mainly prescribed for the treatment of skin lesions caused by the action of subcutaneous mites. Applying the pits ointment gives a good result in the fight against acne.

Stir thoroughly before using the ointment, as it may exfoliate during storage. Then it is applied to the affected area of ​​the skin, which must first be cleaned of impurities. The ointment should be gently rubbed in with light massage movements. On the first day of treatment, it is necessary to leave the ointment for exposure no longer than five minutes. Then it must be removed with cotton wool soaked in oil. On the following days, the exposure time of the ointment can be increased by another five minutes.

Erythromycin ointment will also help get rid of acne.

Erythromycin Ointment is a powerful antibiotic. Its action is aimed at combating bacteria and microbes that provoke the appearance of acne and other skin diseases.

The product can only be applied to a thoroughly cleansed face. Erythromycin ointment should be applied in a thin layer over the entire face. It is best to do the treatment before going to bed and leave the ointment on overnight for best results. An excellent result is obtained by treating acne with a mixture of erythromycin and zinc ointments. The course of treatment is selected individually, depending on the severity of the disease. But it is not recommended to use the ointment for more than three weeks.

The use of levomekol ointment in the fight against acne

In order to get rid of acne, it is necessary to relieve the inflammation. An excellent assistant in this is Levomekol ointment. It is able to remove even those bacteria that have penetrated deep into the skin. In addition, this ointment promotes cell regeneration and makes the complexion more even and healthy.

To get rid of a pimple, it is enough to lubricate a cotton swab with ointment and apply to it for 20 minutes. The positive effect will become evident the very next day. This ointment differs from all others precisely in the speed of action. In some people, the ointment can cause an allergic reaction. In this case, the treatment will need to be stopped.

The effectiveness of streptocidal ointment

Streptocide ointment has excellent antibacterial properties. Thanks to this, it fights acne perfectly. It is necessary to apply the ointment exclusively to the affected areas. The duration of treatment should not be more than two weeks. If, after applying the ointment, irritation occurs on the skin, then the treatment must be discontinued.

Heparin ointment for acne treatment

With the help of heparin ointment, you can not only get rid of acne, but also prevent their appearance in the future. Before applying the ointment, you must thoroughly wash your face and wipe it with any alcohol-containing solution. The ointment should be applied at least twice a day in a thin layer. During the course of treatment, it is better to refuse to use decorative cosmetics.

The use of metrogil ointment in the fight against acne

Thanks to the metronidazole, which is part of the composition, this ointment effectively fights inflammation and has antibacterial properties. It is necessary to apply the ointment regularly twice a day. Before using the product, it is best to thoroughly cleanse the face and dry it with a towel. In some cases, to achieve the effect, it is necessary to combine metrogil with other medicinal or cosmetic preparations.

Will baneocin help with acne?

Another quite effective ointment is baneocin. It has excellent antibacterial properties. It is colorless and odorless; after application, it is practically invisible on the skin. Baneocin does not cause skin irritation and any manifestations of allergic reactions.

It is best to apply the ointment at bedtime. If a small area of ​​the skin is affected, then you can apply the ointment only on it. As a rule, three procedures are sufficient for a complete cure.

Calendula ointment

Calendula has long been famous for its antimicrobial properties. That is why the ointment, which contains its extract, is an excellent remedy for fighting acne. The ointment also promotes rapid skin regeneration and rapid wound healing.

The ointment doesn't absorb very well, so it's best to use it when you're not going to leave the house. It should be applied to thoroughly cleansed skin with a thin layer. You should not rub it in. Calendula ointment is contraindicated for people who have hypersensitivity to plants that belong to the Asteraceae family.

Zenerite

Zinerit is a complete medicine that can effectively get rid of acne. The packaging of the product consists of jars of powder and solvent, which must be mixed until a homogeneous solution is obtained. Zinerite contains a completely harmless, but at the same time quite strong antibiotic erythromycin. And thanks to the presence of zinc in it, the skin becomes less oily.

The product is applied in a thin layer to previously cleansed skin using a special applicator that comes with the kit. This procedure must be carried out twice a day.

Baziron AS

Today in any pharmacy you can buy Baziron AS. This gel perfectly suppresses the growth of pathogenic bacteria on the skin, absorbs sebum, helps to exfoliate dead skin particles, and also moisturizes the skin. It is thanks to these properties that it helps to get rid of acne.

The gel is applied to the affected skin once a day. It is possible to completely get rid of acne on the face, as a rule, after a month of its regular use.

Can aciclovir be used to treat acne?

Acyclovir ointment has strong antiviral properties. It is used to treat serious skin conditions such as herpes, shingles, or mononucleosis. But in some cases, it can be used to fight acne as well. But it should only be used in extreme cases, as the ointment can cause side effects in many people. It is not recommended to use acyclovir if you suffer from allergies.

Comparative characteristics of tetracycline and erythromycin ointments:

1. They contain antibiotics of different groups. Tetracycline - a group of tetracyclines, Erythromycin - a group of macrolides.
2. When administered to children and pregnant women. Tetracycline ointment is used with caution for children, pregnant women cannot, Erythromycin is allowed for children from birth and pregnant women.
3. The manifestation of undesirable reactions in Tetracycline ointment is much higher
4. Tetracycline is used in the treatment of large-area, extensive eye infections.
5. Tetracycline copes with both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Erythromycin manifests itself in the acute stage.
6. The cost is much higher than that of erythromycin.

Operating principle

Release form

Indications

• Dysentery
• Meningitis
• Endocarditis

Contraindications

• Leukopenia
• Pregnancy and lactation

Dosage and method of administration

Side effects

• Loss of appetite

Storage

Price and country of origin

By composition

By action

By release form

Contraindications

By price and country to manufacturer

It is a thick, mustard-colored paste from the antibiotic group. It has an antimicrobial effect by reducing the proliferation of propionic bacteria. The recommended course should last at least 4 weeks.

Avoid applying the drug to damaged or irritated skin. In order not to stain the bedding, it is better to put a bandage on top.

Causes of eye inflammation and redness

Another cause of redness and inflammation of the eyes is anterior, posterior and purulent scleritis.

And in a neglected state, abscesses are not excluded and, as a result, irreversible loss of vision (complete or partial).

Ointments for eye inflammation in children

This is a drug that is quite safe for the human body among antibiotic-containing ones. The use of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is permissible during pregnancy, during breastfeeding and for the treatment of newborns and children.

However, you should consult your doctor about the rules for taking, the need to use erythromycin.

Therefore, erythromycin should not be used in the first half of pregnancy.

It is not recommended to use the drug during lactation. The antibiotic passes into breast milk. For women with infants, it is wiser to choose other drugs for the treatment of eye diseases with a doctor.

For children, erythromycin ointment is almost allowed for birth. An important circumstance will be the availability of a medical permit. The erythromycin drug is permissible for the treatment of eye inflammations in infants.

The actions rendered to them help in getting rid of infections received at the time of the baby's passage through the birth canal. But! Erythromycin - for topical use - is not prescribed for children with jaundice.

Medical experts say that it is permissible to use medications only when the risk of a possible complication from the drug is lower than the risk of the consequences of the disease.

For the treatment of inflammatory processes and redness of the eyes in children, not all ointments recommended for adult patients can be used.

In case of allergic manifestations of inflammatory processes, treatment must be approached with caution and use only drugs, the possibility of using which for children is noted in the instructions for use.

Before using such funds, you should read the instructions for use in order to avoid the development of side effects.

Erythromycin ointment for children is allowed for treatment from the first days of life (if indicated and necessary). Erythromycin ointment for infants is prescribed for the treatment of skin and eye inflammations. It is used in the treatment of birth infections, when the baby is infected while passing through the birth canal. Often, an infection of the birth canal spreads to the skin of the face and mucous membranes of the eyes (causes conjunctivitis). For its treatment, erythromycin ointment is prescribed.

Use during pregnancy, lactation and children

Erythromycin ointment during pregnancy is used only as directed by a doctor. It is important to understand that this antibiotic crosses the placenta and passes into breast milk. Therefore, the appointment and use of this drug must be competent.

You can not use this remedy in the first half of pregnancy (local application of a bacteriostatic substance is able to carry it into the general bloodstream and across the placenta). Due to the fact that there are no systemic studies and a sufficient amount of data on the effect of erythromycin on the fetus, the drug is used with great caution. Even in the second half of pregnancy, erythromycin ointment is prescribed only when urgently needed, when this remedy cannot be dispensed with.

Using erythromycin ointment to treat eyes

The use of erythromycin ointment for acne is due to its anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effect. This remedy helps with stable use (leads to the death of all pathogenic bacteria). Therefore, one should not hope for a quick effect, it is necessary to smear acne, acne with ointment for one to two months.

In addition to acne, an antibacterial ointment can be used for other skin inflammations with abscesses and boils. The ointment is not used in the treatment of non-infectious inflammations (diaper rash, dermatitis), as well as for the treatment of a skin rash of viral origin (chickenpox, herpes, rubella).

Erythromycin ointment for dermatitis can be used if a bacterial infection has joined the skin inflammation. A similar situation is with the treatment of burns and frostbite. They should be treated with erythromycin ointment, if an infection has joined, pus has appeared. In other cases, when there is no infection, you should not use a "weapon of mass destruction" - an ointment with an antibacterial composition (erythromycin).

Conjunctivitis in most cases is caused by various bacteria, viruses, fungi. The disease is characterized by very unpleasant symptoms, and without treatment leads to various negative consequences for vision.

To stop the reproduction of pathogens and remove them from the conjunctiva is possible only through the use of antibacterial drugs - drops or ointments.

One of the most effective medications in the treatment of eye inflammation is considered by ophthalmologists Erythromycin ointment - a time-tested remedy with a pronounced therapeutic effect.

Has a wide spectrum of action, including both gram-positive (staphylococci, producing and not producing penicillinase; streptococci, pneumococci, clostridia, Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae), and gram-negative microorganisms (gonococci, hemophilus influenzae, and pertussis) , spirochetes, rickettsia.

Indications:
Bacterial infections: diphtheria (including diphtheria carriage), whooping cough (including prevention of the disease in sensitive individuals at risk of infection), trachoma, brucellosis, Legionnaires' disease, scarlet fever, amoebic dysentery, gonorrhea; conjunctivitis of newborns, pneumonia in children and genitourinary infections in pregnant women caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; primary syphilis (in patients allergic to penicillins), uncomplicated.
pathogens specific to the drug; prevention of exacerbations of streptococcal infection (tonsillitis, pharyngitis) in patients with rheumatism, infectious complications during dental procedures in patients with heart defects. It is a reserve antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by strains of gram-positive pathogens (in particular staphylococci) that are resistant to penicillin. In severe forms of infectious diseases, when ingestion of the drug is ineffective or impossible, resort to intravenous administration of a soluble form of erythromycin - erythromycin phosphate. Erythromycin in suppositories is prescribed in cases where ingestion is difficult.

Rp.:Erythromycini 0.25

D.t.d. N.20 in tab.

Within 14 days

With legionellosis.

Azithromycin(sumamed)

In high concentrations, it has a bactericidal effect in relation to the gram-positive.
oniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Treponema pallidum, Borrelia burgdoferi.

Indications:

Infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs caused by sensitive microflora: tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media; scarlet fever; lower respiratory tract infections: bacterial and atypical pneumonia, bronchitis; infections of the skin and soft tissues: erysipelas, impetigo, secondarily infected dermatoses; infections of the urogenital tract: gonorrheal and non-gonorrheal urethritis and / or cervicitis; Lyme disease (borreliosis).

Rp.:Azithromycini 0.25

D.t.d. N.10 in caps.

S. On the first day, 1 capsule

morning and evening, from 2nd to

5th day 1 capsule 1 time

in a day. With infections

upper and lower sections

respiratory tract.

Roxithromycin(rulid)

Indications:

Treatment of drug-sensitive infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues, urinary tract (including sexually transmitted infections, except for gonorrhea), infections in odontology (bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, otitis media, sinusitis, diphtheria, whooping cough, trachoma, brucellosis, legionnaires' disease, etc.). Prevention of meningococcal meningitis in persons who have been in contact with the sick.

Rp.:Tab. Roxithromycini 0.15 N.20

D.S. 1 tablet 2 times

day, morning and evening before

food.

Instructions for the use of Tetracycline

Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent. The drug is often prescribed for the treatment of infectious ailments of the respiratory system.

Operating principle

Tetracycline is a bacteriostatic drug of the tetracyclines group that has a wide spectrum of action. Once in the body, the antibiotic disrupts the complex between the transport RNA and ribosomes, which further stops the synthesis of protein by pathogenic cells. Tetracycline has a detrimental effect on a number of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, enterobacteria, the causative agent of lymphogarnuloma (venereal and inguinal).

Release form

The antibiotic of the tetracyclines group is available in tablets with a dosage of 100 mg, suspensions for oral administration, 1% and 3% ointments for external use.

Indications

The drug of the tetracycline group is indicated for use in such cases:

• Respiratory diseases (pneumonia, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pleurisy)
• Dysentery
• Meningitis
• Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system
• Endocarditis
• Infectious diseases of the digestive tract (typhoid, scarlet fever, cholera, etc.)
• Pustular skin lesions, burns
• Ophthalmic diseases of infectious origin.

Tetracycline can be used in the complex treatment of septic ailments.

Contraindications

• Leukopenia
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Excessive susceptibility to drugs of the tetracyclines group
• Violation of the kidneys and liver.

Tetracycline is contraindicated in children under 8 years of age.

Dosage and method of administration

The suspension should be taken three or four times a day in a volume of 2 drops after meals. A single dose of syrup is from 15 to 18 ml (three times a day). The syrup must be diluted before taking it in a small amount of water (no more than 50 ml). The drug must be drunk immediately after a meal.

Antibacterial ointment is applied to the skin of the chest in an even layer or to another affected area. Then you need to gently rub it in until it is completely absorbed.

Side effects

While taking Tetracycline, the following adverse reactions may occur:

• Loss of appetite
• Attacks of nausea and urge to vomit after eating
• Dizziness along with headache
• Disruption of bowel function (increased gas production, diarrhea, proctitis)
• Exacerbation of existing ailments of the genitourinary system
• Inflammatory processes localized in the stomach.

Storage

Tetracycline must be stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C in a dry place protected from direct sunlight. The antibiotic can be used for 2 years from the date of manufacture.

Price and country of origin

The antibiotic of the tetracycline group is produced in Russia. The price of Tetracycline varies depending on the dosage form and ranges from 11 to 120 rubles.

Instructions for the use of Erythromycin

Erythromycin belongs to the antibacterial agents of the microlide group, which is synthesized by Streptomyces erythreus.

You can read the full instructions here.

Operating principle

The action of the antibiotic is based on the disruption of the peptide bond between the amino acids of pathogenic cells, which leads to a blockade of protein synthesis.

The antibacterial effect of the drug is similar to the drugs of the penicillin series. Erythromycin is active against gram-positive and harmonic flora (including rickettsia, trachoma, brucella, syphilis pathogens). The destructive effect of the drug does not apply to mycobacteria, fungal flora, as well as a number of viruses.

After taking a therapeutic dose, the bacteriostatic effect of Erythromycin is observed.

Release form

An antibiotic based on erythromycin is available in the form of tablets (dosage 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg), ointment for external use, ophthalmic ointment, lyophilisate for the manufacture of an injection solution.

Indications

The wide spectrum of action of Erythromycin makes it possible to use it for the treatment of infectious diseases of bacterial genesis:

• Trachoma
• Brucellosis
• Whooping cough
• Listeriosis
• Erythrasma
• Legionnaires' disease
• Erythrasma
• Syphilis (primary form)
• Chlamydia uncomplicated
• ENT diseases
• Cholecystitis
• Acne lesions of the skin.

An antibacterial agent can be used to prevent the development of streptococcal infection in a number of patients with rheumatism.

Contraindications

Erythromycin is contraindicated for use in such cases:

• Excessive susceptibility to drugs of a number of microlides
• Simultaneous administration of the drug Terfenadine or Astemizole
• Hearing impairment
• Pregnancy and lactation.

Dosage and method of administration

The antibiotic should be taken best one hour before a meal, with the required amount of liquid.

Adults are usually given a dose of 200-400 mg every 6 hours before meals. The highest daily dosage of Erythromycin should not exceed 4 g.

For children, the dose is calculated taking into account the ratio of 40 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The drug must be taken in 4 doses one hour before meals or two hours after meals. The duration of therapy is 7 to 10 days. After completing the course of treatment, you must consult a doctor.

The ointment is applied to the affected area of ​​the skin up to three times a day. For the treatment of burns, it is recommended to use the ointment up to 3 times a week. The drug can be used to treat newborns. The course of treatment with Erythromycin in the form of an ointment is 1.5-2 months.

Side effects

Adverse reactions during antibiotic treatment are quite rare and often disrupt the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Long-term treatment with Erythromycin can cause liver dysfunction, namely jaundice. It is possible to develop excessive sensitivity to the drug in the form of an ointment and the appearance of allergies.

With prolonged use of the drug, the resistance of the pathogenic bacterial flora can develop.

Storage

Erythromycin should be stored at room temperature.

The shelf life is no more than 3 years.

Price and country of origin

Erythromycin is manufactured in Russia. The cost of the medicine is 8-157 rubles.

Comparison of antibacterial drugs Tetracycline and Erythromycin

The presented characteristics of the antibacterial drug make it possible to carry out their comparative analysis.

By composition

The composition of Tetracycline and Erythromycin includes various active ingredients. They can be used instead of penicillin drugs.

By action

The mechanism of these drugs is similar, since each of the antibiotics is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Both Tetracycline and Erythromycin have a broad spectrum of action.

By release form

Antibiotics are available in similar dosage forms, the only difference is that Erythromycin can be administered intravenously.

Contraindications

Antibiotics are not prescribed for pregnant or lactating women. And also with excessive sensitivity to their components. Tetracycline is not recommended for use in serious kidney and liver pathologies, the possibility of treatment with this drug is determined after consultation with a specialist.

By price and country to manufacturer

The price of antibiotics Tetracycline and Erythromycin is practically the same, since both drugs are manufactured by a domestic manufacturer.

For kids

11. CLINICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBIOTICS OF THE MACROLIDE GROUP

Macrolide antibiotics are a group of antimicrobial drugs of natural and semi-synthetic origin, united by the presence of a macrolide lactone ring in their structure.

Mechanism of action of macrolides

Bacterial ribosomes are composed of 2 subunits: a small 30S and a large 50S. The mechanism of action of macrolides is to inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis by reversible binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms. Inhibition of protein synthesis leads to disruption

growth and reproduction of bacteria and indicates that macrolides are predominantly bacteriostatic antibiotics. In some cases, with high bacterial sensitivity and high antibiotic concentration, they

may exhibit bactericidal action. In addition to antibacterial action, macrolides have immunomodulatory and moderate anti-inflammatory activity.

Macrolide classifications

Macrolides are classified according to:

- By chemical structure (the number of carbon atoms in the macrolide lactone ring and the method of production (Table 1).

- By the duration of action (Table 2).

- By generations, macrolides are subdivided into I, II, III generations and ketolides (Table 3).

Table 1

Classification of macrolides by chemical structure

table 2

Classification of macrolides by duration of action

The only representative of the third generation is azithromycin. It is also assigned to the subgroup of azalides, since a nitrogen atom is introduced into the lactone ring. Due to the fact that antibiotic resistance of some pathogens to macrolides has been observed in recent years, macrolides were synthesized on the basis of the 14-membered lactone ring, in which

keto group - the so-called ketolides, which do not belong to any of the generations of macrolides and are considered separately.

Table 3

Classification of macrolides by generation

Pharmacokinetics

Macrolides belong to tissue antibiotics, since their concentrations in blood serum are much lower than in tissues. This is due to their ability penetrate cells!!! and create high concentrations of the substance there. Macrolides poorly penetrate the blood-brain and blood-ophthalmic barriers, but well penetrate the placenta and into breast milk, and therefore potentially embryotoxic and are limited to breastfeeding.

The degree of binding of macrolides to blood plasma proteins varies: the highest degree of binding is observed in roxithromycin (more than 90%), the lowest in spiramycin (less than 20%).

Macrolides are metabolized in the liver with the participation of the cytochrome P-450 microsomal system, metabolites excreted mainly with bile ; with cirrhosis of the liver, a significant increase in the half-life of erythromycin and josamycin is possible. Renal excretion is 5-10%. The half-life of drugs ranges from 1 hour (josamycin) to 55 hours (azithromycin).

The pharmacokinetic parameters of macrolides depend on the classification. 14-membered macrolides (especially erythromycin) have a stimulating effect on gastrointestinal motility, which can lead to dyspeptic disorders. 14-membered macrolides are destroyed in the liver with the formation of hepatotoxic nitrosoalkane forms, while they are not formed during the metabolism of 16-membered macrolides, which causes the absence of hepatotoxic effect when taking 16-membered macrolides.

14-membered macrolides inhibit the activity of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver, which leads to an increased risk of drug interactions, while 16-membered drugs have little effect on the activity of cytochrome P-450 and have a minimal number of drug interactions.

Azithromycin has the greatest activity against gram-negative pathogens, clarithromycin - against Helicobacter pylori, spiramycin - against Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium. 16-membered macrolides retain

activity against a number of strains of staphylococci and streptococci resistant to 14- and 15-membered macrolides.

Erythromycin

Not completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability varies from 30 to 65%, and is significantly reduced in the presence of food. It penetrates well into bronchial secretions and bile. Poorly passes through the blood-brain, blood-ophthalmic barrier. It is excreted mainly through the gastrointestinal tract.

Roxithromycin

Differences from erythromycin: stable bioavailability up to 50%, which practically does not depend on food; high concentrations in blood and tissues; long half-life; better portability; less likely drug interactions.

Clarithromycin

Differences from erythromycin: it has an active metabolite - 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, due to which it has increased activity against H. influenzae; the most active of all macrolides in relation to Helicobacter pylori; acts on atypical mycobacteria ( M. avium and others) that cause opportunistic infections in AIDS. Also, clarithromycin is characterized by high acid resistance and

bioavailability 50–55%, independent of food intake; high tissue concentrations; long half-life; better portability.

Azithromycin

Differences from erythromycin: active against H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae and H. pylori; bioavailability of about 40%, not dependent on food; high tissue concentrations (the highest among macrolides); has a significantly longer half-life, which allows prescribing the drug once a day and using short courses (1-3-5 days) while maintaining the therapeutic effect for 5-7 days

after cancellation; better portability; less likely drug interactions.

Spiramycin

Differences from erythromycin: active against some pneumococci and beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A, resistant to 14- and 15-membered macrolides; acts on toxoplasma and cryptosporidium; bioavailability 30–40%, independent of food intake; creates high concentrations in tissues; better tolerated.

Josamycin

Differences from erythromycin: less active against most erythromycin-sensitive microorganisms; acts on a number of staphylococci, pneumococci and beta-hemolytic group A streptococci resistant to 14- and 15-membered macrolides; more acid resistant, bioavailability does not depend on food; rarely causes adverse reactions from the gastrointestinal tract.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of macrolides is due to their bacteriostatic, and in high doses bactericidal action (against Streptococcus pneumoniae and B-hemolytic Streptococcus group A), as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Do not affect the intestinal flora!

1. Antimicrobial effects

The spectrum of action of macrolides is wide enough and includes a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms ( Haemophilus influenzae, moraxella, pneumococcus, gonococcus, meningococcus, Helicobacter, legionella and etc.). Macrolides are very effective for infections caused by intracellular pathogens.

lyami ( chlamydia, mycoplasma and others), have high activity against the main causative agents of community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract. Macrolides are somewhat less active in relation to anaerobes. All macrolides are characterized by a post-antibiotic effect, i.e., the preservation of the antimicrobial effect of the drug after it is removed from the environment. This is due to irreversible changes

ribosomes of the pathogen under the influence of macrolides.

2. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects

It has been proven that macrolides are able to accumulate in neutrophils and macrophages and be transported together with them to the inflammation focus. The interaction of macrolide antibiotics with macrophages manifests itself in the form of a decrease in the activity of free radical oxidation, a decrease in the release of inflammatory and an increase in the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, activation of chemotaxis and phagocytosis, an improvement in mucociliary clearance, and a decrease in mucus secretion. The use of macrolides leads to a decrease in the concentration of immune complexes in the blood serum, accelerates apoptosis of neutrophils, weakens the antigen-antibody reaction, inhibits the secretion of IL-1-5, tumor necrosis factors, inhibits the production and release of nitric oxide by alveolar macrophages and enhances the production of endogenous cortisol. These features, together with the activity against Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, were the basis for studying the effectiveness of these drugs in bronchial asthma, brochiolitis, atherosclerosis and mucviscidosis.

Spectrum of action of macrolides includes many clinically significant pathogens, some of which are listed below:

- Gram-positive aerobes: Enterococcus faecalis (including vancomycin-resistant strains), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae (only penicillin-sensitive); Streptococcus pyogenes.

- Gram-negative aerobes: Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis.

- Gram-positive anaerobes: Clostridium perfringens.

- Gram-negative anaerobes: Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp.

- Others: Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum; Campylobacter; Chlamydia trachomatis

Do not affect the intestinal flora!

Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to macrolides

There are two main mechanisms of bacterial resistance to macrolides.

1. Modification of the target of action

occurs due to the production of methylase by bacteria. Under the action of methylase, macrolides lose their ability to bind to ribosomes.

2. Efflux or M-phenotype

Another mechanism - the M-phenotype - is associated with the active elimination of the drug from the cell (efflux), as a result of which bacterial resistance to 14- and 15-membered macrolides is formed.

Indications and principles for the use of macrolides in therapeutic

practice

Macrolides are the drugs of choice:

ARF with penicillin allergy;

- in patients with community-acquired pneumonia as monotherapy

(azithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, spiramycin) and as part of combination therapy.

Parenteral forms of macrolides in monotherapy or in combination with other antibiotics are used for infectious diseases of the small pelvis(limited peritonitis, endometritis, etc.).

Other indications for taking macrolides:

- infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (tonsilopharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, laryngitis) in case of allergy to penicillins;

- urogenital infections caused by C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, Mycoplasma spp .;

- venereal diseases (with intolerance to b-lactam antibiotics) - syphilis, gonorrhea, blenorrhea, chancre, lymphogranulomatosis venereal;

- infections of the skin and soft tissues (wound infection, mastitis, acne, furunculosis, folliculitis, erysipelas, erythrasma);

- some contagious infections (scarlet fever, whooping cough, diphtheria, legionnaires disease, psittacosis, trachoma , listeriosis, meningococcal carriage);

- Orodental infections (periodontitis, periostitis);

- eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer;

- atypical mycobacteriosis (tuberculosis, leprosy);

- intestinal infections caused Campylobacter spp.;

- cryptosporidiosis;

- annual prevention of rheumatism in case of allergy to penicillin.

Daily doses and frequency of intake of macrolides

The pharmacokinetics of parenteral macrolides practically does not differ from oral forms, as a result of which injectable drugs should be used as monotherapy according to indications (severe pneumonia, infectious diseases of the small pelvis) or in cases where the use of oral antibiotics for various reasons is impossible.

Daily doses of macrolides

Macrolide	Dosage form	Dosage regimen
Clarithromycin	Tab. 0.25 g and 0.5 g. Por. d / suspension 0.125 g / 5 ml. Por. d / in. 0.5 g per bottle.	Adults: 0.25-0.5 g every 12 hours. Children: over 6 months 15 mg / kg / day. in 2 steps. Adults: 0.5 g every 12 hours Before intravenous administration, a single dose is diluted in 250 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, injected into within 45-60 minutes.
Azithromycin	Caps. 0.25 g. Tab. 0.125 g; 0.5 g Por. d / suspension 0.2 g / 5 ml in a bottle. 15 ml each and 0.1 g / 5 ml in a bottle. 20 ml each. Syrup 100 mg / 5 ml; Lyophilisate for prigot. solution for inf. 500 mg	Adults: 0.5 g / day. within 3 days, or within 1st day 0.5 g, 2-5 days - 0.25 g in one Children: 10 mg / kg / day. within 3 days or in the 1st day - 10 mg / kg, 2-5th days - 5 mg / kg in one IV infusion or drip. Nota bene! Sumamed cannot be administered IV jet or i / m! For infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, 500 mg is prescribed 1 time / day within 2 days. After graduation azithromycin orally at a dose of 250 mg to complete completion of the 7-day general course of treatment.

Side effect

Macrolides are one of the safest groups of antimicrobial drugs. other than erythromycin! The most common side effect of macrolhydra is associated with the use of erythromycin (highlighted). However, despite the relative safety of macrolides, all members of this group are capable of causing adverse reactions.

Pain and inflammation at the injection site;

Dizziness / vertigo, headache, drowsiness, convulsions;

Nausea, vomiting, frequent loose stools, abdominal pain and cramps.

Uncommon (> 1/1000–

Paresthesia, asthenia, insomnia, hyperexcitability, fainting, aggressiveness, anxiety, nervousness;

Palpitations, arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia, an increase in the QT interval, a decrease in blood pressure;

Diarrhea, flatulence, digestive disorders, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, changes in the values ​​of laboratory tests of liver function, constipation, discoloration of the tongue;

Noise in ears, reversible hearing impairment to deafness(when taken in high doses for a long time, reversible ototoxicity), visual impairment, impaired taste and

Leukopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia;

Skin rashes, itching, urticaria.

Very rare (≥ 1 / 100,000–

Nephritis, acute renal failure;

Angioedema, photosensitivity, and naphylactic reaction;

Pseudomembranous colitis, pancreatitis, liver necrosis, liver failure; pyloric stenosis in children.

Contraindications to the use of macrolides

- History of immediate hypersensitivity to any of the macrolides.

- Pregnancy - midecamycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin (you can: erythromycin for chlamydial urogenital infection, spiramycin-toxoplasmosis in pregnant women).

- Children's age: up to 2 months - roxithromycin, up to 6 months - clarithromycin, up to 14 years - dirithromycin, up to 16 years - azithromycin, since their safety at these ages has not been established.

- Breastfeeding - azithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin.

- Severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance -

- Severe liver dysfunction - azithromycin, erythromycin,

roxithromycin, midecamycin, clarithromycin.

- Arrhythmias or predisposition to arrhythmias and prolongation of the QT interval - azithromycin, erythromycin.

- Significant hearing loss - erythromycin.

- Hereditary lactase deficiency, galactosemia or glucose and galactose malabsorption syndrome - clarithromycin.

Interaction of macrolides with other drugs

Consideration should be given to the possibility of inhibition of the CYP3A4 isoenzyme by azithromycin when taken together with cyclosporine, terfenadine, ergot alkaloids, cisapride, pimozide, quinidine, astemizole and other drugs whose metabolism occurs with the participation of this isoenzyme.

Indications for use

The main active ingredient of the drug

• magnesium stearate;
• milk sugar monohydrate;
• microcrystalline cellulose;
• aerosil;
• povidone.

The antibiotic Azithromycin is prescribed for infection of the respiratory tract, skin, soft tissues with harmful microbes. It can be used to treat infectious diseases of the ENT organs and the genitourinary system.

This antibiotic reduces the translation process to complete elimination, due to which microorganisms stop growing and multiplying. The bactericidal action of the drug is aimed at the destruction of intracellular and extracellular pathogenic bacteria.

When swallowed, the drug is rapidly absorbed from the digestive organ, since the digestive juice does not negatively affect it. Further, the drug enters the tissues through the barriers of cell membranes. The drug leaves the body through the intestines and kidneys in the same form. The antibacterial effect of the drug lasts about 5 - 7 days after its use.

Similar means

Pharmacy chains provide a large selection of products containing the active substance of the drug Azithromycin. Their difference lies solely in the concentration of the active component, the form of release, name, pricing policy.

The most popular of them are the following drugs:

• Sumamox;
• "Zitrocin";
• Sumamed;
• Azivok;
• "Hemomycin";
• Azitrox.

The dosage form in which they are produced is different. The drugs have less effect on the liver and digestive system.

When choosing, for example, the drugs Azithromycin or Azitrox, it should be noted that one drug is a budget substitute for the second. There are other analogs of the antibiotic: Sumametsin, Azicid, Zetamax retard, Zitromax. These drugs are even more effective on painful cells, faster penetrating through their hermetic membranes. These medicines are considered the best gernics.

Other substitutes for Azithromycin are antibiotics: Defens, Zit, Sumatrolide Solutab, Klabaks, Sumazil, Ketek, Fromilid, Starket, Erythromycin, Aziklar, Clarithromycin " and many others. Each drug is accompanied by instructions for use, in which you can find out all the features of the drug.

Their application is carried out in a similar way. It is advisable to take the medicine on a lean stomach (one hour before or 2 hours after a meal). For the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs, one tablet (500 mg) of Azithromycin or its analogue is taken per day for three days. In case of skin diseases, the initial intake reaches 1000 mg, and then the patient needs to switch to 500 mg.

The duration of therapy is determined by the severity of the disease, the general well-being of the patient and some physiological factors. The use of a potent drug involves the mandatory simultaneous use of a probiotic. This medication maintains the normal state of the intestinal microflora, which prevents the appearance of dysbiosis.

Colds

Penicillin antibiotics (Azithromycin, Augmentin

or Amoxiclav and their substitutes) effectively resist bacteria that cause inflammation of the respiratory tract. Respiratory infections, like pneumonia, are caused by many microbes, most of which are resistant to penicillin. In this situation, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin will have the most effective effect.

The class of cephalosporins is represented by the following antibiotics: Suprax, Zinacef, Zinnat. They can help:

• with pneumonia;
• with inflammation of the pleura - the outer membrane of the lungs;
• with inflammation of the bronchial mucosa.

As for atypical pneumonia, the causative agents of which are chlamydia, mycoplasma, it is better to resort to the help of a group of macrolides (Hemomycin or Sumamed).

Advantages and disadvantages

Azithromycin, in comparison with its counterparts, has the following advantages:

• affordable price (it is more profitable to use Azithromycin - an analogue of Sumamed);
• the half-life is quite long in comparison with other similar agents;
• the presence of a small number of adverse reactions that are extremely rare.

The disadvantages include:

• the level of bioavailability of the drug is lower than that of other antibiotics;
• the form of release of the drug in the form of a solution for injection and for children does not exist.

The difference between Azithromycin and Sumamed

The most famous and frequently prescribed substitute for Azithromycin is Sumamed. In fact, the drug Azithromycin is the first analogue of Sumamed. Therefore, they differ only in value and name. Moreover, Sumamed was subject to clinical and laboratory research. Azithromycin has not been tested, since it does not require the release of substitutes. In fact, the action of both drugs is the same.

Instructions for use states that Sumamed is prescribed for the treatment of all pathologies of the respiratory tract, urinary tract infections, skin diseases, etc. Prescribe a medication to eliminate peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach. Prescribe medicine for women with sexually transmitted diseases.

In this case, the use of an antibiotic is possible in pregnant women. Sumamed is also used to treat childhood diseases (suspension). Adults are prescribed a solid dosage form.

It has the fact that the antibiotic is taken once a day. The therapeutic course does not last long (maximum 5 days).

The difference between Azithromycin and Amoxicillin

The effect of Amoxicillin is aimed at curing inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, frontal sinus, pharyngeal mucosa. Azithromycin is used to treat inflammation of the paranasal sinuses of the nose, ear, and pharyngitis. The effectiveness of the two drugs is quite high. Only the attending physician on an individual basis can make a choice between Azithromycin and Amoxicillin in favor of one of them.

Restrictions on use

The instructions for use indicate that the main limitation to the use of the drug Azithromycin and its substitutes is the individual intolerance of the active component. Contraindications for use: kidney and liver diseases, heart rhythm disturbances.

It is forbidden to take an antibiotic while taking the following drugs:

• "Digoxin";
• "Warfarin";
• Teldan.

The suspension is prohibited for use by patients under six months of age. Women during the period of bearing a child can use the drug only as directed and under the strict supervision of the attending physician. Women during the period of breastfeeding from the influence of the drug must be abandoned.

Adverse Reactions

The drug Azithromycin and its substitutes can negatively affect the body in the form of the following reactions:

• vertigo, sleep disorder, skin sensitivity disorder, diarrhea, excess gas in the intestines, abdominal pain;
• tachycardia, chest pain;
• extremely rare: Botkin's disease, disruption of the intestines, discoloration of the tongue, inflammation of the kidneys, hepatic encephalopathy.

In case of an overdose, the instructions for use strongly recommend gastric lavage and symptomatic treatment.

parazitycheloveka.ru

1 Macrolides: erythromycin, oleandomycin, azithromycin (sumamed), clarithromycin, roxithromycin (rulid);

2. Tetracyclines: tetracycline, oxytetracycline, metacycline, doxycycline.

3 Levomycetins: chloramphenicol stearate, chloramphenicol succinate, corticomycetin;

4 Antibiotics of different groups: ristomycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, fuzidin ..

The principles of chemotherapy and the rationale for combination antibiotic therapy.

Characterization of the interaction of antibiotics. The influence of individual factors on the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics (age-related, pharmacogenetic, etc.).

Create tables indicating the spectrum of antimicrobial activity, clinical efficacy and safety of the drugs: erythromycin, azithromycin, rulid, tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, clindamycin.

Group of drugs	Spectrum of antimicrobial activity	Indications for use	Drugs
Macrolides	Has a wide spectrum of action, including both gram-positive (staphylococci, producing and not producing penicillinase; streptococci, pneumococci, clostridia, Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae), and gram-negative microorganisms (gonococci, hemophilus influenzae, and pertussis) , spirochetes, rickettsia. Gram-negative bacilli are resistant to erythromycin: intestinal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as Shigella, Salmonella, etc.		Erythromycin
	In high concentrations, it has a bactericidal effect against gram-positive cocci: Streptococcus pneumoniae, S.pyogenes, S.agalactiae, streptococci of groups C, F and G, S.viridans, Staphylococcus aureus; gram-negative bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, Legionella pneumophila, H. ducrei, Campylobacter jejuni, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Gardnerella vaginalis; some anaerobic microorganisms: Bacteroides bivius, Clostridium perfringens, Peptostreptococcus spp; as well as Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Treponema pallidum, Borrelia burgdoferi. Not active against erythromycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria.		Azithromycin (sumamed)
	Sensitive to the drug: Streptococcii groups A and B, incl. Str. pyogenes, Str. agalactiae, Str. mitis, saunguis, viridans, Streptococcus pneumoniae; Neisseria meningitidis; Branhamellacatarrhalis; Vordetella pertussis; Listeria monocytogenes; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Clostridium; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pasteurella multocida; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Clamydia trachomatis, pneumoniae and psittaci; Legionella pneumophila; Campylobacter; Gardnerella vaginalis. Inconsistently sensitive: Haemophilus influenzae; Bacteroides fragilis and Vibrio cholerae. Resistant: Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.		Roxithromycin (rulid)
Tetracyclines	It has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, is active against Escherichia coli, dysentery bacteria, typhoid bacillus and other types of Salmonella, acts on staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, pneumococci, meningococci, a number of Proteus strains, on some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; active against rickettsia, spirochetes, leptospira, the causative agent of trachoma and other chlamydosis. The drug has no effect on tubercle bacillus, pathogenic protozoa and fungi. Levomycetin is active against strains of bacteria resistant to penicillin, tetracyclines, sulfonamides. Microorganisms can develop drug resistance to chloramphenicol, however, compared to other antibiotics and sulfonamides, resistance to chloramphenicol develops much more slowly. Levomycetin has a bacteriostatic effect on the microbial cell, inhibits its growth and reproduction, disrupting the process of protein synthesis in the microbial cell.		Levomycetin
	Different	Lincomycin has a weak effect on microorganisms in the resting phase. The drug is active against gram-positive cocci (staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci); Haemophilus influenzae; Bacillus anthracis, mycoplasma, bacteroids, diphtheria bacillus, causative agents of gas gangrene and tetanus. Unlike erythromycin, lincomycin does not act on enterococci; inferior to him in activity against spore-forming anaerobes, neisseria, corynebacteria. Gram-negative microorganisms, fungi, viruses, protozoa are resistant to lincomycin. Lincomycin is active against strains of staphylococci that are resistant to penicillin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, cephalosporins, and therefore lincomycin can be considered as a reserve drug.		Lincomycin
Has a broad spectrum of action, bacteriostatic, inhibits protein synthesis in a microbial cell. In relation to a number of gram-positive cocci, a bactericidal effect is possible. It is active against staphylococci (including St. epidermalis, producing penicillinase), streptococci (excluding enterococci), pneumococci, anaerobic and microaerophilic gram-positive cocci (including peptococci and peptostreptococci), bacilli bacilli and coli bacillus, gaseous bacteria (including Bact.fragilis and Bact.melaningenicus), anaerobic gram-negative bacilli (including Fusobacterium), nomycetes and clostridia, anaerobic gram-positive non-spore-forming bacilli (including propionibacterium, eubacterium and actinomycetes). Most strains of Clostridium perfringens are susceptible to clindamycin, however, since other types of Clostridia (Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tertium) are resistant to the action of clindamycin, then in infections caused by Clostridia, it is recommended to determine the antibiogram. Cross-resistance exists between clindamycin and lincomycin. Effective in the treatment of asymptomatic diphtheria carriage (weekly course of therapy, oral).		Bacterial infections caused by sensitive microorganisms: pneumonia, lung abscess, pleural empyema, fibrosing alveolitis, osteomyelitis, joint infections; purulent infections of the skin and soft tissues (infected wounds, abscesses; acute and chronic osteomyelitis; septicemia (primarily anaerobic); infections of the pelvic organs and intraperitoneal infections (subject to the simultaneous use of drugs active against gram-negative aerobic microbes), gynecological diseases (endometritis, adnexitis); sepsis; endocarditis.	Clindamycin

Safety characteristics of the use of drugs

				Contraindications to the appointment
Erythromycin
Azithromycin (sumamed)			Liver damage
Roxithromycin (rulid)
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Levomycetin
Lincomycin
Clindamycin

Be able to choose group and specific drug, its dosage form, dose, route of administration, dosage regimen for the treatment of infectious diseases and write in prescriptions: erythromycin, azithromycin, rulid, tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, ristomycin.

№	Recipe	Indication for the use of the drug
1	Rp.:Erythromycini 0.25 D.t.d. N.20 in tab. S. 2 tablets 4 times a day. Within 14 days With legionellosis.	Bacterial infections: diphtheria (including diphtheria carriage), whooping cough (including prevention of the disease in sensitive individuals at risk of infection), trachoma, brucellosis, Legionnaires' disease, scarlet fever, amoebic dysentery, gonorrhea; conjunctivitis of newborns, pneumonia in children and genitourinary infections in pregnant women caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; primary syphilis (in patients with allergy to penicillins), uncomplicated chlamydia in adults (localized in the lower urinary tract and rectum) with intolerance or ineffectiveness of tetracyclines, etc. ENT infections (tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis), biliary tract infections (cholecystitis), upper and lower respiratory tract infections (tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia), skin and soft tissue infections, pustular skin diseases, infected wounds, bedsores, burns II and III stage, trophic ulcers, infections of the mucous membrane of the eyes - caused by pathogens sensitive to the drug; prevention of exacerbations of streptococcal infection (tonsillitis, pharyngitis) in patients with rheumatism, infectious complications during dental procedures in patients with heart defects. It is a reserve antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by strains of gram-positive pathogens (in particular staphylococci) that are resistant to penicillin. In severe forms of infectious diseases, when ingestion of the drug is ineffective or impossible, resort to intravenous administration of a soluble form of erythromycin - erythromycin phosphate. Erythromycin in suppositories is prescribed in cases where ingestion is difficult.
2	Rp.:Azithromycini 0.25 D.t.d. N.10 in caps. S. On the first day, 1 capsule morning and evening, from 2nd to 5th day 1 capsule 1 time in a day. With infections upper and lower sections respiratory tract.	Infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs caused by sensitive microflora: tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media; scarlet fever; lower respiratory tract infections: bacterial and atypical pneumonia, bronchitis; infections of the skin and soft tissues: erysipelas, impetigo, secondarily infected dermatoses; infections of the urogenital tract: gonorrheal and non-gonorrheal urethritis and / or cervicitis; Lyme disease (borreliosis).
3	Rp.:Tab. Roxithromycini 0.15 N.20 D.S. 1 tablet 2 times day, morning and evening before	Treatment of drug-sensitive infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues, urinary tract (including sexually transmitted infections, except for gonorrhea), infections in odontology (bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, otitis media, sinusitis, diphtheria, whooping cough, trachoma, brucellosis, legionnaires' disease, etc.). Prevention of meningococcal meningitis in persons who have been in contact with the sick.
4	Rp.:Tetracyclini hydrochloridi 0.1 S. Dissolve the contents of the vial in 25 ml of 1% novocaine solution and injected intramuscularly 3 times in day for 5 days.	Bacterial infections: pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural empyema, tonsillitis, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, intestinal infections, whooping cough, endocarditis, endometritis, prostatitis, syphilis, gonorrhea, whooping cough, brucellosis, rickettsioses, purulent infections of soft tissues, osteomyelitis caused by sensitive and others. the drug with microorganisms. Prevention of postoperative infections.
5	Rp.:Doxycyclini hydrochloridi 0.1 D.t.d. N.30 in caps. S. 1 capsule every 12 hours. For chronic infections urinary system. Within 5 days	Bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, bronchitis, pleural empyema, tonsillitis, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, endometritis, prostatitis, urethritis, syphilis, gonorrhea, whooping cough, brucellosis, rickettsioses, purulent infections of soft tissues, osteomyelitis, eye cystitis, infectious diseases , tracheitis, purulent skin diseases - furunculosis, abscesses, infected wounds.
6	Rp.:Tab. Laevomycetini 0.5 S. 2 tablets 4 times a day	Treatment of infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to it, including strains of bacteria that are resistant to other drugs. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever, salmonellosis (mainly generalized forms), dysentery, brucellosis, tularemia, gonorrhea, whooping cough, meningococcal infection, typhus and other rickettsioses, trachoma, chlamydia. The drug is used to treat various forms of purulent infection caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: urinary tract infections, purulent wound infection, bacterial pneumonia, purulent peritonitis, biliary tract infections, purulent otitis media, conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, purulent processes of other localizations. Levomycetin is prescribed for moderate and severe forms of infectious diseases, mainly in cases where the use of other chemotherapeutic drugs is ineffective.
7	Rp.:Lincomycini hydrochloridi 0.25 D.t.d. N.20 in caps.gelat. S. 2 capsules 3 times a day every other every 8 hours 1 hour before meals	Lincomycin hydrochloride is used for diseases caused by strains of microorganisms that are resistant to other antibiotics: with septicemia, subacute septic endocarditis, acute and exacerbations of chronic pneumonia, pleural empyema, pleurisy, osteomyelitis, postoperative purulent complications, pyoderma infection and soft tissue ).
8	Rp.:Ristomycini sulfatis 250,000 ED S. Contents of the bottle Immediately before use, dissolve in 125 ml of sterile NaCl solution (at the rate of 0.5 ml of solvent per 2000ED antibiotic). Inject 125 ml 2 times a day only intravenously drip (child 5 years old). At the end of the infusion, without removing the needle, inject 20 ml of isotonic NaCl solution (to flush the vein and prevent the development of phlebitis). The course is 7 days. With pneumonia.	Septic diseases caused by gram-positive microorganisms, especially staphylococci that are resistant to the action of other antibiotics: septic endocarditis, staphylococcal, streptococcal and pneumococcal sepsis, hematogenous osteomyelitis, purulent meningitis, and other severe coccal infections that cannot be treated with other antibiotics.

Classroom work

1. Complete test tasks
2. All of the following complications are characteristic of chloramphenicol, with the exception of:

A. Blood damage A. Dermatitis B. Acute productive psychosis D. Myocarditis D. Osteoporosis

1. Which of the following drugs do not belong to macrolide antibiotics:

A. oleandomycin B. erythromycin C. vancomycin D. nystatin

1. The safest drugs from the tetracyclines group for renal failure:

A. Oxytetracycline B. Doxycycline B. Chlortetracycline

1. The drug of choice for treating Brucella infections is:

A. Tetracycline B. Ampicillin C. Gentamicin D. Sulfonamides

1. Select a drug for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia:

A. Penicillin B. Tetracycline C. Vancomycin D. Gentamicin

2.1. Specify the binding site of tetracycline

Aminoacyl-tRNA

Aminoacil

tRNA

mRNA

DNA Super Helix

DNA gyrase

Despiralized DNA

Peptidyl -

transferase

Peptide chain formation

Peptide elongation

1. 3 ... Solve tasks

Problem number 1

Patient K., 63 years old, Suffering from diabetes mellitus, moderate course for 6 years. He constantly takes maninil, bukarban. In the last 3 months, furunculosis was detected. Was admitted to the department with complaints of cough with scanty mucous sputum, fever up to 37.2. On the 2nd day of the disease, a cough appeared, pain in the right half of the chest when breathing. Examination revealed physical signs of right-sided lower lobe pneumonia, confirmed by X-ray.

Determine the antibiotic of first choice:

1. Levomycetin 2. Benzylpenicillin 3. Gentamicin 4. Erythromycin 5. Cefazolin

Problem number 2

The child was admitted to the infectious diseases hospital with a diagnosis of whooping cough. A history of hypochromic iron deficiency anemia. The child was injected with benzylpenicillin, which caused a skin rash. Penicillin was canceled.

Select drugs that can be prescribed for your child:

1. Erythromycin 2. Penicillin 3. Tetracycline 4. Levomycetin

Problem number 3

A mother with a 2-year-old child consulted a dentist. The child's teeth erupted on time, but the enamel is yellow, the teeth are affected by caries. From the anamnesis it was established that the mother received an antibiotic for the disease during pregnancy.

What antibiotic did the mother receive?

1. Penicillin 2. Streptomycin 3. Tetracycline 4. Cefazolin 5. Chloramphenicol

Problem number 4

A 6-month-old child suffered from an infectious disease (enterocolitis). Received intensive therapy, including an antibiotic.

On examination, pronounced pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, pastiness, large belly, weight loss, hypochromic anemia, reticulocytosis. Complaints about poor sleep, decreased appetite.

What antibiotic did the child receive?

1. Penicillin 2. Streptomycin 3. Tetracycline 4. Cefazolin 5. Levomycetin 6. Lincomycin

Tetracycline, erythromycin, oleandomycin cannot be recommended for the treatment of tonsillitis (Yu. I. Leshchenko, 1970; II Bondarenko, 1976), since in usually used doses they do not always create a bacteriostatic concentration even in the blood, and even more so in the tissue of the tonsils.

They can be used to treat sore throat caused by streptococcus only in cases where the patient does not tolerate penicillin drugs, and it is necessary to increase single doses and frequency of administration. So, the therapeutic concentration of macroliths in the blood and tissue of the tonsils is created only with repeated administration - at least 4 times a day in a single dose of 6000 μg / kg of erythromycin and 7000 μg / kg of oleandomycin (Yu. I. Lyashchenko, 1970). The concentration of tetracycline in the blood serum of patients with angina is several times lower than that of healthy people, and in 2/3 does not reach -1 μg / ml both in the blood serum and in the tissue of the tonsils (Yu.I. Leshchenko, 1976), therefore, often there is no possibility to create a bacteriostatic concentration in the breeding sites of β-hemolytic streptococcus.

In addition, not all strains of β-hemolytic streptococcus (60 - 80%) are sensitive even to relatively high concentrations (1 - 3 μg / ml) of tetracycline. In recent years, staphylococcus aureus plays an increasing role in the etiology of angina, especially sporadic, which should not be called in the etiotropic therapy of patients with angina. The tactics of treatment should be as follows: first, prescribe anti-streptococcal drugs (benzylpenicillin is best), but if no improvement is observed after 1 - 2 days, antistaphylococcal drugs.

Of these, oxacillin is the most effective - within an hour after administration in a single dose of 0.5 g, a concentration in the blood serum of 1.1 - 5.5 μg / ml is created, in the mucus from the surface of the tonsils 0.88 - 8.5 μg / ml and in the tissue of the tonsils 0.24 - 0.51 μg / ml, then gradually decreases and after 6 hours is not detected in any of these media. It is important to emphasize that 15-30 minutes after the intramuscular administration of the same dose, approximately the same concentrations are created in the blood, mucus and tonsil tissue (respectively 3.5 - 5.3; 0.86 - 1.24 and 0.31 - 0 , 44 μg / ml).

Due to the fact that all strains of β-hemolytic streptococcus are sensitive to the concentration of oxacillin 0.01 - 0.4 μg / ml and most staphylococci are also sensitive to it, this drug has an advantage over many other etiotropic agents (Yu. I. Lyashchenko, 1975).

Metacillin can also be successfully used to treat angina patients: intramuscularly, 0.5 g every 6 hours, which creates a bactericidal concentration in all three media (blood, mucus from the surface of the tonsils, tonsil tissue) and ensures the cleansing of the tonsils from the pathogen. Unfortunately, it is not yet known how long and in what form the causative agents of sore throat in general and group A streptococcus in particular persist in the lymph nodes regional to the tonsils. With a complication of angina with paratonsillitis, conservative therapy is performed, and in the case of the formation of a paratopzillar abscess, the latter is opened by a laryngologist.

"Guide to airborne infections", I.K. Musabaev

The eyelids are protective to the eyes. They reduce the likelihood of the eyeball drying out, provide protection from adverse environmental factors, and help the optic muscles and nerves function. Medical statistics show that about 10% of eye diseases occur in the eyelids. Consider in this article what diseases of the eyelids exist and how to deal with them.

Types of diseases of inflammation of the eyelids

Inflammation of the eyelid is a process that has a different etiology and affects the upper or lower eyelids of one or both eyes.

The main symptoms of eyelid inflammation:

• redness;
• swelling.

Normally, the skin of the eyelids should be pale pink, thin, delicate. The slightest change in the color, structure of the skin of the eyelids indicates the presence of inflammation.

What could it be?

Edema

A slight swelling of the eyelid may appear as a result of excess water in the body. This case occurs infrequently and is not a disease.

But swelling can happen for other reasons: inflammation, injury, or an allergic reaction. In the first case, it is inflammatory and may be accompanied by hyperemia, fever, and pain.

If the cause is an allergic reaction, then itching, induration, redness (or blanching) of the skin will appear at the site of the edema.

Edema can still occur against the background of chronic diseases. In this case, it is bilateral in nature and is accompanied by dropsy and edema of the legs. The skin of the eyelids will be pale, and the temperature may not be there. Another reason could be.

Abscess

When an infection enters the wound surface of the eyelid skin, it produces an abscess called an abscess. Sometimes this inflammation of the eyelid is a consequence of barley.

Inflammation of the glands and edges of the eyelids

Such diseases include:

• blepharitis;
• herpes;
• barley;
• chalazion.

• weakening of the protective functions of the body;
• chronic infections;
• demodicosis of the eyelids;
• pathology of the gastrointestinal tract;
• sanitary and hygienic conditions of human life;
• vitamin deficiency;
• purulent inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Symptoms of inflammation of the edge of the eyelid:

• burning;
• redness;
• lacrimation;
• the appearance of a liquid that sticks together eyelashes;
• feeling of a foreign body in the eye;
• frothy or purulent discharge.

There are several types of blepharitis: simple, scaly, ulcerative. Each of these forms in a recurrent form is very dangerous to human health.

Demodecosis

Demodectic mange of the eyelids is a very common and extremely unpleasant disease of the organs of vision. Patients with this ailment complain of severe itching, swelling of the eyelids, redness of the eyes, and loss of eyelashes.

Scales and crusts may appear on the edges of the eyelids, causing discomfort. Demodectic mange affects the mucous membrane of the eye, dries it up, as a result of which the eye muscles quickly get tired. At the first symptoms, you should immediately consult a specialist and. The disease is recurrent.

Conjunctivitis

Treatment methods

With inflammation of the eyelid, treatment is aimed mainly at eliminating the causes of the development of the process. In most cases, symptomatic treatment is prescribed to patients.

Hygiene is key in treating inflammation of the eyelids.

To suppress the inflammatory process, the doctor prescribes local antibiotics: ointments, drops. With ulcerative, scaly blepharitis, treatment is more complicated: regular treatment of the affected areas of the eyelid is necessary to eliminate scales and purulent discharge.

Types of ointments

Treatment for eyelid inflammation usually involves the use of ointments. What ointments are most common for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the eyelid?

• Actovegin- a medicinal ointment that helps in the treatment of various skin lesions, including inflammatory processes that have arisen in the area of ​​the eyelids.

Price: about 150 rubles.

If it is necessary to treat a bacterial infection, the question arises: which antibiotic group is better to choose? In order to choose the right drug for a particular infectious disease, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the properties, characteristics and features of the use of each drug. So which drug to give preference to Tetracycline or Erythromycin?

Instructions for the use of Tetracycline

Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent. The drug is often prescribed for the treatment of infectious ailments of the respiratory system.

Operating principle

Tetracycline is a bacteriostatic drug of the tetracyclines group that has a wide spectrum of action. Once in the body, the antibiotic disrupts the complex between the transport RNA and ribosomes, which further stops the synthesis of protein by pathogenic cells. Tetracycline has a detrimental effect on a number of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, enterobacteria, the causative agent of lymphogarnuloma (venereal and inguinal).

Release form

The antibiotic of the tetracyclines group is available in tablets with a dosage of 100 mg, suspensions for oral administration, 1% and 3% ointments for external use.

Indications

The drug of the tetracycline group is indicated for use in such cases:

• Respiratory diseases (pneumonia, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pleurisy)
• Dysentery
• Meningitis
• Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system
• Endocarditis
• Infectious diseases of the digestive tract (typhoid, scarlet fever, cholera, etc.)
• Pustular skin lesions, burns
• Ophthalmic diseases of infectious origin.

Tetracycline can be used in the complex treatment of septic ailments.

Contraindications

• Leukopenia
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Excessive susceptibility to drugs of the tetracyclines group
• Violation of the kidneys and liver.

Tetracycline is contraindicated in children under 8 years of age.

The suspension should be taken three or four times a day in a volume of 2 drops after meals. A single dose of syrup is from 15 to 18 ml (three times a day). The syrup must be diluted before taking it in a small amount of water (no more than 50 ml). The drug must be drunk immediately after a meal.

Antibacterial ointment is applied to the skin of the chest in an even layer or to another affected area. Then you need to gently rub it in until it is completely absorbed.

Side effects

While taking Tetracycline, the following adverse reactions may occur:

• Loss of appetite
• Attacks of nausea and urge to vomit after eating
• Dizziness along with headache
• Disruption of bowel function (increased gas production, diarrhea, proctitis)
• Exacerbation of existing ailments of the genitourinary system
• Inflammatory processes localized in the stomach.

Storage

Tetracycline must be stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C in a dry place protected from direct sunlight. The antibiotic can be used for 2 years from the date of manufacture.

Price and country of origin

The antibiotic of the tetracycline group is produced in Russia. The price of Tetracycline varies depending on the dosage form and ranges from 11 to 120 rubles.

Instructions for the use of Erythromycin

Erythromycin belongs to the antibacterial agents of the microlide group, which is synthesized by Streptomyces erythreus.

You can read the full instructions

Operating principle

The action of the antibiotic is based on the disruption of the peptide bond between the amino acids of pathogenic cells, which leads to a blockade of protein synthesis.

The antibacterial effect of the drug is similar to the drugs of the penicillin series. Erythromycin is active against gram-positive and harmonic flora (including rickettsia, trachoma, brucella, syphilis pathogens). The destructive effect of the drug does not apply to mycobacteria, fungal flora, as well as a number of viruses.

After taking a therapeutic dose, the bacteriostatic effect of Erythromycin is observed.

Release form

An antibiotic based on erythromycin is available in the form of tablets (dosage 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg), ointment for external use, ophthalmic ointment, lyophilisate for the manufacture of an injection solution.

Indications

The wide spectrum of action of Erythromycin makes it possible to use it for the treatment of infectious diseases of bacterial genesis:

• Trachoma
• Brucellosis
• Whooping cough
• Listeriosis
• Erythrasma
• Legionnaires' disease
• Erythrasma
• Syphilis (primary form)
• Chlamydia uncomplicated
• ENT diseases
• Cholecystitis
• Acne lesions of the skin.

An antibacterial agent can be used to prevent the development of streptococcal infection in a number of patients with rheumatism.

Contraindications

Erythromycin is contraindicated for use in such cases:

• Excessive susceptibility to drugs of a number of microlides
• Simultaneous administration of the drug Terfenadine or Astemizole
• Hearing impairment
• Pregnancy and lactation.

Dosage and method of administration

The antibiotic should be taken best one hour before a meal, with the required amount of liquid.

Adults are usually given a dose of 200-400 mg every 6 hours before meals. The highest daily dosage of Erythromycin should not exceed 4 g.

For children, the dose is calculated taking into account the ratio of 40 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The drug must be taken in 4 doses one hour before meals or two hours after meals. The duration of therapy is 7 to 10 days. After completing the course of treatment, you must consult a doctor.

The ointment is applied to the affected area of ​​the skin up to three times a day. For the treatment of burns, it is recommended to use the ointment up to 3 times a week. The drug can be used to treat newborns. The course of treatment with Erythromycin in the form of an ointment is 1.5-2 months.

Side effects

Adverse reactions during antibiotic treatment are quite rare and often disrupt the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Long-term treatment with Erythromycin can cause liver dysfunction, namely jaundice. It is possible to develop excessive sensitivity to the drug in the form of an ointment and the appearance of allergies.

With prolonged use of the drug, the resistance of the pathogenic bacterial flora can develop.

Storage

Erythromycin should be stored at room temperature.

The shelf life is no more than 3 years.

Price and country of origin

Erythromycin is manufactured in Russia. The cost of the medicine is 8-157 rubles.

Comparison of antibacterial drugs Tetracycline and Erythromycin

The presented characteristics of the antibacterial drug make it possible to carry out their comparative analysis.

By composition

The composition of Tetracycline and Erythromycin includes various active ingredients. They can be used instead of penicillin drugs.

By action

The mechanism of these drugs is similar, since each of the antibiotics is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Both Tetracycline and Erythromycin have a broad spectrum of action.

By release form

Antibiotics are available in similar dosage forms, the only difference is that Erythromycin can be administered intravenously.

Contraindications

Antibiotics are not prescribed for pregnant or lactating women. And also with excessive sensitivity to their components. Tetracycline is not recommended for use in serious kidney and liver pathologies, the possibility of treatment with this drug is determined after consultation with a specialist.

By price and country to manufacturer

The price of antibiotics Tetracycline and Erythromycin is practically the same, since both drugs are manufactured by a domestic manufacturer.

For kids

Eyes are an important human organ, without which life becomes much more complicated.

With the development of infectious diseases, doctors prescribe antibacterial treatment.

The most budgetary ointments include Tetracycline and Erythromycin.

They fight the pathogens that cause eye diseases... An increasing number of patients are asking questions: what is the difference between drugs, what to buy?

Tetracycline

It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is used in the treatment of trachoma, conjunctivitis and infectious eye diseases.It has a wide list of adverse reactions, but no cases of overdose have been reported. The activity of the drug is aimed at suppressing protein synthesis in the cells of the pathogen, which causes tetracycline.

Erythromycin

The active ingredient is erythromycin. The antibiotic blocks the further multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. Some gram-negative bacteria are resistant to it.

It is allowed to use from the first days of a child's life. It is prescribed if the pathogen is resistant to other similar drugs.

Comparison of drugs

The mechanism is similar, since each is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The release form is the same - ointments.

Both are contraindicated during gestation and lactation, individual intolerance to certain components.

Erythromycin ointment is approved for use in pediatric practice, since it rarely causes side effects. The second medication is prohibited until the age of 8, it affects the growth and formation of bones with teeth.

What's better

Erythromycin has fewer contraindications and the risk of adverse reactions is minimal. If the infection is chronic, buy another. Since the first is used in the acute stage of the disease.

Simultaneous use of tetracycline and erythromycin

Use at the same time to enhance the effect. The result of drug interactions is not always predictable. It depends on the severity of the condition and other means used.

The drugs add up to the total. The effect of the combination is greater than the action of each component, but less than the effect of the sum. In other words, the simultaneous use of medications is permitted.

Conjunctivitis can develop as a result of allergies, fungal, viral, or bacterial infections. The most common cause of this pathology is bacteria, and even if the cause of conjunctivitis lies elsewhere, quite often a bacterial infection joins the pathological process. Therefore, antibacterial drugs are often prescribed to treat the disease. What antibiotics can be used, how to do it correctly, in which cases you can do without them, and many other questions will be discussed in this article.

Class

send

Drop

Description of the disease

Is an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the eye, which covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the scleral surface of the eyeball - its protein part. This disease is included in the group of polyetiological diseases, therefore, it can have a different etymology and is subdivided into types, which will be described below.

To better understand what conjunctivitis is and what threatens it, you need to take what the conjunctiva is and what functions it performs. The conjunctiva is a transparent tissue that covers the cornea and the lining of the eyelids. It plays an important role in the functioning of the visual apparatus and protects the eyeball.

The conjunctiva provides the necessary level of lacrimation and distributes the tear fluid over the surface of the eye, thanks to which the eyes are moistened and do not dry out. In addition, this connective membrane cleans the eyes from infections that cause various ophthalmic diseases.

Causes

The causes of conjunctivitis can be infectious and non-infectious.

The disease can be caused by:

• opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms - bacteria - staphylococci, streptococci, meningococci, gonococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and others;
• chlamydia;
• adenoviruses and herpes viruses;
• fungi - candida, spirotrichella, aspergillus, actinomycetes;
• allergens;
• more professionally harmful - gases, work in dusty conditions.

Infection mostly occurs through dirty hands, with which a person rubs his eyes, but not infrequently there is also an airborne pathway of infection, as, for example, in the case of viruses, allergens. In some cases, pathogenic microorganisms can enter the organs of vision along the ascending pathways from the ENT organs.

Kinds

Conjunctivitis is divided into acute and chronic, in addition, it differs for the reason that provoked it:

• bacterial;
• chlamydial;
• fungal;
• allergic;
• dystrophic.

Depending on the morphology and nature of the symptoms of conjunctivitis, it is divided into:

• purulent - there is a purulent discharge;
• catarrhal - there is no pus, but profuse mucus is present;
• papillary - seals are formed in the form of small grains, most often this is a manifestation of an allergy;
• - the mucous membrane is covered with follicles;
• hemorrhagic - there are hemorrhages;
• membranous - develops as a complication after ARVI.

Reference! Each form of conjunctivitis has specific symptoms and typical signs.

Bacterial inflammation symptoms

The acute form of bacterial conjunctivitis develops rapidly. After an infectious agent has entered the eye area, only 1-2 days pass before the onset of symptoms.

The clinical picture is characterized by swelling, redness, infiltration. The patient complains of a sensation of sand or a foreign body in the eye, a burning sensation and pain. Discharge of pus or mucopurulent fluid is observed from the conjunctival sac. On closer examination, one can see vascular congestion and punctate hemorrhages.

On the surface, papillae or follicles may be observed. If the inflammation is very strong and there is significant swelling, chemosis is possible - during the closing of the eyelids, the conjunctiva is pinched in the palpebral fissure.

Reference! Most often, conjunctivitis first affects one eye, but if adequate treatment is not started, the disease affects the other.

In some cases, the acute form of bacterial conjunctivitis is accompanied by a rise in temperature, insomnia, headache, and general malaise.

The separated secret dries up at the edges of the eyelids, crusts are formed that stick together the eyelashes, and the patient cannot open the eyelids after sleep.

Somehow it is quite difficult to independently distinguish viral conjunctivitis from bacterial, since their symptoms are very similar. Therefore, it is necessary to contact an ophthalmologist and undergo laboratory tests.

But there are several signs that distinguish viral from bacterial conjunctivitis:

1. Viral conjunctivitis affects only one eye and rarely spreads to the other.
2. The viral form of the disease is accompanied by severe tearing and redness. In the bacterial form, these symptoms are not so pronounced.
3. Sticking eyelashes after sleep indicates the bacterial nature of the disease, with a viral form, pus is absent - mucus is released from the eyes.

Treatment

It is clear that for the treatment of different forms of conjunctivitis, various groups of drugs are used, in particular, for the bacterial form, the following are prescribed:

• Albucid;
• Tobrex;
• Levomycetin drops;
• Tetracycline or Erythromycin ointment.

With viral conjunctivitis, local antiviral drugs are prescribed:

• Ophthalmoferon;
• Oftan Idu;
• Aktipol.

Allergic conjunctivitis is treated with antihistamines, both in the form of drops and in tablet form:

• Suprastin;
• Zyrtec;
• Claritin;
• tear substitutes - Inox, Oftolik;
• with an advanced form, corticosteroid drops are prescribed - Hydrocortisol, Dexamethasone.

When are antibiotics needed?

As already mentioned, antibiotics are prescribed for the bacterial form of conjunctivitis, as well as for other forms of pathology, if there is a bacterial infection.

Useful video

Conjunctivitis - causes and manifestations:

Can you do without antibacterial drugs?

It is possible to do without antibacterial drugs for conjunctivitis in some cases. Antibiotics will be useless for pathologies of viral, fungal or allergic origin. In addition, antibiotics are not prescribed at the initial stage of catarrhal conjunctivitis, when there is no purulent discharge, and the disease is mild. In this case, therapy is carried out using antiseptics, such as Chlorhexiin, Vitabakt, Miramistin.

Rules for the use of drugs for adults

The most important thing is to choose the right drug, and only a competent specialist can do this. The dosage and dosage regimen of the medication is also prescribed by the doctor. There are a number of rules to follow when using antibiotics:

1. Antibacterial drops should be used during the day, and ointments should be applied at night. This way you can achieve a greater effect.
2. It is forbidden to apply bandages on the eyes, in this case favorable conditions are created for the reproduction of bacteria.
3. It is not recommended to use different antibacterial agents at the same time; at least half an hour should pass between their use.
4. Even if the symptoms of pathology have disappeared, the course of treatment cannot be stopped, otherwise a relapse is possible.
5. It is not only impractical to prescribe and use antibacterial drugs on your own, but also dangerous.

Use in children

For the treatment of childhood conjunctivitis, tablets can be used, as well as local ointments containing penicillin and tetracycline. The most effective ointments are:

1. Tetracycline- allowed to use after 6 years. It is placed in the eyelid 4-5 times a day. It is important to know that this ointment can provoke allergies, manifested in the form of itching and redness of the eye.
2. Erythromycin- the natural composition of the ointment allows you to use it even for newborns. It should be placed behind the lower eyelid 3 times a day.

Important! Antibiotics have a very strong effect on the body, therefore, in order to avoid undesirable and dangerous consequences, it is necessary to consult an ophthalmologist before using them.

How to choose drugs

An antibiotic is prescribed only after the patient undergoes laboratory tests. The fact is that different bacterial infections react differently to one or another group of antibacterial agents, and sometimes turn out to be resistant to them. Therefore, laboratory research is mandatory; for this, a bacteriological examination of secretions from the eye is used.

If the medication is not chosen correctly, the infection will spread.

In addition, antibiotics are selected according to the following criteria:

1. Convenience. Solutions are easier to use and more hygienic to use,
2. Comfort. When instilling solutions into the eyes, a sensation of cramps, burning and dryness may occur. Ointments do not have such a side effect, but after they are laid, vision becomes cloudy.
3. Application frequency. Drops need to be instilled more often than ointments.
4. Efficiency. The solutions are quite effective, but the liquid is quickly removed from the ocular surface, which cannot be said about the oily ointment.

Forms of medicines

There are several forms of drug release that are used in the treatment of conjunctivitis. More details about them are described below.

Tablets

Rarely appointed. They are prescribed if the causative agent of the disease is chlamydia or gonococcus, if the swelling and redness is very strong, if follicles appear on the mucous membrane, if scars form on the cornea, if the disease has spread to the other eye.

List of antibacterial tablets for the treatment of conjunctivitis:

• Tetracycline;
• Tsiprolet;
• Amoxicillin;
• Levomycetin;
• Clarithromycin;
• Ofloxacin;
• Flemoxin solutab.

Drops

Topical preparations, including drops, are considered the most effective in treating the bacterial form of conjunctivitis. They are prescribed after a comprehensive examination of the patient, and in the absence of contraindications to their use.

Effective drops with antibacterial composition:

• Dancil- the active ingredient is ofloxacin;
• Ciprofloxacin- not recommended for use in relation to pregnant women and babies;
• Lomefloxacin- the active ingredient is fluoroquinolone;
• Levomycetin- drug of the amphenicol group;
• Oftavix- approved for use in childhood, practically has no side effects;
• Torbex- belongs to the group of aminoglycosides;
• Floxal- quinol group;
• Albucid- sulfacetamide solution;
• Azithromycin- the most popular drug for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis;
• Vigamox- fluoroquinol antibacterial drug.

Ointments

Ointments have a longer lasting effect than drops, so it is recommended to put them under the eyelid at night.

The most popular ointments for conjunctivitis:

• Erythromycin- practically has no contraindications;
• Tetracycline- safe antimicrobial agent;
• Eubetal- it contains betamethasone and tetracycline;
• Colibiocin- contains strong components;
• Bivatsin- a combined antibiotic.

Injections

Injection treatment of conjunctivitis with antibacterial drugs is advisable in the acute stage of the disease, as well as in serious cases when the patient must be hospitalized. Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, both intraocular and other injections can be used.

Popular topical preparations

Since there are a lot of topical antibacterial drugs for the treatment of conjunctivitis, only the most frequently prescribed ones will be considered in more detail.

Levomycetin

Levomycetin is an antibacterial drops that inhibit the activity of the most common bacterial agents, including those resistant to streptomycin, sulfamide and penicillin.

It is produced in the form of a solution, poured into plastic or glass bottles. There are special droppers in plastic bottles for more convenient use. The set of drops poured into glass containers includes a special pipette.

The concentration of the active substance can be different - 0.25%, 1% and 3%.

Active substances:

• chloramphenicol;
• boric acid.

The dosage and treatment regimen is prescribed by the attending physician.

Possible side effects:

• visual impairment - blurred vision, turbidity;
• sharp pain in the eyes and eyelids;
• clouding of the white of the eye;
• change in the shape of the pupil - constriction or expansion;
• sensation of a foreign body in the eye, itching, discomfort.

The simultaneous use of Levomycetin and drugs that inhibit hematopoiesis can lead to disruption of metabolic processes in the liver.

The parallel use of Levomycetin and other antibacterial drops impairs the therapeutic effect.

The combined use of Levomycetin and oral hypoglycemic drugs enhances the effect of the latter, and also increases their concentration in plasma.

When treating with Levomycetin drops, contact lenses should not be worn; they can be worn only a day after the end of therapy.

Albucid

Albucid is a sulfonamide derivative that easily penetrates into the tissues of the eye and has a bacteriostatic effect. It begins to act immediately after penetration into the mucous membrane, since it is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the conjunctiva.

Available in sterile 5 and 10 ml vials. For adults, 30% drops are recommended, for children 20% solution.

In the acute stage of the disease, Albucid is used up to 6 times a day, instilling 2-3 drops into the eyes. After the removal of the acute process, the dosage and frequency are reduced.

Albucid is contraindicated in the presence of intolerance to sulfonamides, and should also be used with caution during the period of gestation and during the lactation period.

Possible side effects:

• swelling of the conjunctiva;
• temperature increase;
• skin rash;
• watery eyes and itchy eyes.

Tobrex

The drug is broadly acting, the main component of which is tobramycin. These are 0.3% eye drops, poured into dropper bottles of 5 mm.

With a mild form of conjunctivitis, 1-2 drops are instilled every 4 hours. In severe cases, 2 drops are prescribed every hour.

The use of Tobrex in childhood is allowed from 1 year, the dosage is the same as for adult patients. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor, but the therapeutic course, in any case, should not last more than a week.

Taufon

Eye drops, the active ingredient of which is taurine. It is a colorless liquid, which is poured into dropper bottles of 5 or 10 ml.

In the treatment of conjunctivitis, Taufon gives an excellent effect, thanks to a positive effect on the retina of the eye and the active elimination of disease-causing processes.

Important! Taufon does not have a pronounced antibacterial effect, it only effectively relieves inflammation.

With prolonged use of drops, the following side reactions can be provoked:

• redness of the eyelids;
• nasal congestion;
• development of dry cough;
• lacrimation.

Tsiprolet

Tsiprolet in the form of eye drops is not prescribed for children under 12 years of age. Adult patients should use these drops 1-2 drops every 4-5 hours.

This tool cannot be used when:

• pregnancy and lactation period;
• viral hepatitis;
• hypersensitivity to quinols and ciprofloxacin.

Side effects:

• itching, burning eyes;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• photophobia;
• nausea and vomiting.

Levomekol

An ointment that has an antibacterial effect and relieves inflammation. The ointment is placed under the lower eyelid with a cotton swab. The procedure is performed mainly at night, and antibacterial drops are used during the day.

Before laying the ointment, the eyes should be rinsed with Furacilin solution or pharmacy chamomile infusion. You can use the drug in childhood after 3 years and no more than 3-4 days.

Tetracycline ointment

1 g of tetracycline ointment contains 0.03 g of tetracycline hydrochloride. The healing effect of the ointment is to suppress the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria at the protein level. Acts gently, does not cause burning and other unpleasant sensations in the eye area.

The ointment is stuck under the eyelid 3-4 times a day, and if antibacterial drops are used during the day, the ointment is used at night.

Tetracycline ointment can provoke the following side effects:

• allergic manifestations;
• skin lesions as a result of exposure to light;
• lack of appetite;
• nausea and vomiting.

Erythromycin ointment

The antibiotic erythromycin, which is part of the composition, has a negative effect on gram-positive bacteria. It is used 3 times a day until the pathology is completely cured, but with very long therapy, addiction to the drug may develop, and then the secondary infection will actively multiply.

In the first few minutes after laying the ointment, blurred vision may occur, lacrimation and discharge from gas may increase, but these phenomena pass quickly enough.

Complications with the wrong treatment

With the wrong selection of drugs for the treatment of conjunctivitis, the following complications may develop:

• myopia- poor vision at a distance;
• hyperopia- poor near vision;
• astigmatism- curvature of the cornea;
• strabismus;
• dry eye syndrome- constant burning and tingling in the eyes, sensation of a foreign object, visual disturbances, photosensitivity, lacrimation;
• cataract- pale color vision, double or even triple vision of objects, burning and pain in the eyes;
• glaucoma- visual impairment, darkening of the edges of the visual field, impaired peripheral vision, headache.

The role of drugs in disease prevention

With the help of antibacterial drugs, the prevention of conjunctivitis is not carried out. To avoid this pathology, the following rules must be observed:

1. Do not touch your eyes with dirty hands. During childhood, parents should closely monitor their child and instill in him the habit of good hand hygiene.
2. Use only your own personal hygiene items. If someone in the family is sick with conjunctivitis, you cannot use a shared towel with the sick (even for hands), sleep on the patient's pillow and wear his things.
3. Do not use other people's cosmetics.
4. Timely and correctly treat fungal, viral and bacterial diseases of the ENT organs.

Conclusion

Conjunctivitis is a common condition that, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications. Therefore, at the first symptoms of the disease, you need to go for a consultation with an ophthalmologist, who will prescribe the correct therapy. Antibacterial drugs are not always prescribed for conjunctivitis, and their independent use can only harm.

Ekaterina Belykh

Internet journalist, translator

Articles written

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