Types of one-piece sentences with examples. One-component sentences: examples, types. One-part impersonal sentence: examples

The contrast of two-part and one-part sentences is related to the number of members included in the grammatical basis.

Two-part offers contain two main members - subject and predicate.

The boy is running; The earth is round.

One-piece sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).

Evening; It’s getting party.

Types of one-piece sentences

Main Member Expression Form	Examples	Relative constructions double sentences
1. Offers with one main member - TALKED
1.1. Certainly personal offers
The verb is predicate in the form of the 1st or 2nd person (there are no past tense forms or conditional mood, since in these forms the verb does not have a face).	I love the storm in early May. Run after me!	I AM I love the storm in early May. You Run after me!
1.2. Uncertain personal offers
Verb-predicate in the form of the plural of the third person (in the past tense and conditional mood verb-predicate in the plural).	Knock on the door. There was a knock on the door.	Someone knocking on the door. Someone knocked in the door.
1.3. Generalized personal offers
They do not have their own specific form of expression. In form - certain personal or indefinite personal. Stand out by value. Two main types of value: A) an action can be attributed to any person; B) the action of a specific person (speaker) is familiar, repeating or presented in the form of a generalized judgment (the verb-predicate stands in the form of the 2nd person singular, although we are talking about the speaker, that is, the 1st person).	You can’t take fish out of the pond without labor (the form is definitely personal). Do not count your chickens before they are hatched (in form - indefinitely personal). You cannot get rid of the spoken word. Have a bite to eat and then go again.	Any ( any) can’t easily take fish out of the pond. All do not count your chickens before they are hatched . Any ( any) counts chickens in the fall. From the spoken word any will not untie. I AM I’ll have a bite to eat and then go again.
1.4. Impersonal offer
1) The verb-predicate in an impersonal form (coincides with the singular, third person or neuter gender).	and) Getting light; It was light; I'm lucky; b) Melts; in) To me (date. case) not sleeping; d) By the wind (creative case) tore off the roof.	b) Snow melts; in) I am not sleeping; d) The wind tore off the roof.
2) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	and) It's cold outside ; b) I'm cold; in) I'm sad ;	a) there are no correlative constructions; b) I'm cold; in) I'm sad.
3) A compound verb predicate, the auxiliary part of which is a compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	and) To me sorry to leave with you; b) To me need to go .	and) I AM don't want to leave with you; b) I have to go.
4) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - a brief passive participle of the past tense in the form of a singular, neuter gender.	Closed . Well said, Father Varlaam. The room is smoked.	The store is closed . Father Barlaam said foldingly. Someone smoked in the room.
5) The predicate no or a verb in an impersonal form with a negative particle is not + an addition in the genitive case (negative impersonal sentences).	No money . There was no money. There is no money left. Not enough money.
6) The said no or the verb in an impersonal form with a negative particle is not + the addition in the genitive case with the amplifying particle is neither (negative impersonal sentences).	There is not a cloud in the sky. There was not a cloud in the sky. I don’t have a dime. I didn’t have a dime.	The sky is cloudless. The sky was cloudless. I don't have a dime. I didn’t have a dime.
1.5. Infinitive sentences
The predicate is an independent infinitive.	Keep silence for everyone! Be a thunderstorm! Go to the sea! To forgive a person, you need to understand him.	Keep silence. There will be a thunderstorm. I would go to the sea. To you could forgive a personyou have to understand him.
2. Offers with one main member - RELIABLE
Nominative (nominative) sentences
Subject - name in the nominative case (in the sentence there can be no circumstances or additions that would relate to the predicate).	The night. Spring .	Usually there are no correlative constructions.

Notes.

1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There is not a cloud in the sky) are monolithic only when expressing negation. If the design is made affirmative, the sentence becomes two-part: the form of the genitive case will change to the nominative case form (cf .: No money. - Have money ; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).

2) A number of researchers form the genitive in negative impersonal sentences ( No money ; There is not a cloud in the sky) considers part of the predicate. In school textbooks, this form is usually dismantled as an addition.

3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be a thunderstorm!) a number of researchers attribute to impersonal. They are also considered in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal ones in meaning. The bulk of impersonal sentences denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the actor. In infinitive sentences, the person is prompted to take action ( Be silent!); the inevitability or desirability of an active action is noted ( Be a thunderstorm! Go to the sea!).

4) Many researchers attribute nouns (nominative) sentences to the category of two-part sentences with zero connective.

Note!

1) In negative impersonal sentences with the addition in the form of a genitive case with an amplifying particle ni ( There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a dime) the predicate is often omitted (cf .: The sky is clear; I don't have a dime).

In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with the omitted predicate).

2) The main meaning of the nominative (nominative) sentences ( Night) is the statement of being (presence, existence) of objects and phenomena. These designs are possible only when correlating the phenomenon with the present. When the time or mood changes, the sentence becomes two-part with the predicate to be.

Wed: It was night ; It will be night; Let it be night; It would be night.

3) Nominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain circumstances, since this minor term usually corresponds to the predicate (and the predicate is not in the pronounced (nominative) sentences). If the proposal contains subject and circumstance ( Pharmacy - (where?) around the corner; I AM - (where?) to the window), then it is more expedient to sort such sentences as two-part incomplete - with the omitted predicate.

Wed: The pharmacy is / is located around the corner; I rushed / ran to the window.

4) Nominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain additions correlated with the predicate. If there are such additions in the proposal ( I AM - (for whom?) for you), then it is more expedient to analyze these sentences as two-part incomplete - with the omitted predicate.

Wed: I am coming / following you.

Single-sentence proposal plan

Determine the type of one-part sentence.
Indicate those grammatical features of the main term that allow us to attribute the sentence to this particular type of mono-compound sentences.

Parse pattern

Show off, city of Petrov (Pushkin).

The sentence is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by the verb in the second person of the imperative mood.

In the kitchen lit a fire (Sholokhov).

The sentence is one-part (indefinite-personal). Predicate lit expressed by the verb in the plural of past tense.

You will melt a stone with a kind word (proverb).

The offer is one-piece. In form - definitely personal: predicate melt expressed by a verb in the second person of the future tense; by value - generalized-personal: the action of a verb-predicate applies to any character (cf .: With a sweet word, a stone will melt any / every).

It smelled wonderful fish (Kuprin).

The sentence is one-part (impersonal). Predicate it smelled expressed by the verb in an impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter gender).

Soft moonlight (The Warden).

The sentence is one-part (call). Principal Member - Subject shine - expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

The contrast of two-part and one-part sentences is related to the number of members included in the grammatical basis.

Two-part offers contain two main members - subject and predicate.

The boy is running; The earth is round.

One-piece sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).

Evening; It’s getting party.

Types of one-piece sentences

Main Member Expression Form	Examples	Relative constructions double sentences
1. Offers with one main member - TALKED
1.1. Certainly personal offers
The verb is predicate in the form of the 1st or 2nd person (there are no past tense forms or conditional mood, since in these forms the verb does not have a face).	I love the storm in early May. Run after me!	I AM I love the storm in early May. You Run after me!
1.2. Uncertain personal offers
Verb-predicate in the form of the plural of the third person (in the past tense and conditional mood verb-predicate in the plural).	Knock on the door. There was a knock on the door.	Someone knocking on the door. Someone knocked in the door.
1.3. Generalized personal offers
They do not have their own specific form of expression. In form - certain personal or indefinite personal. Stand out by value. Two main types of value: A) an action can be attributed to any person; B) the action of a specific person (speaker) is familiar, repeating or presented in the form of a generalized judgment (the verb-predicate stands in the form of the 2nd person singular, although we are talking about the speaker, that is, the 1st person).	You can’t take fish out of the pond without labor (the form is definitely personal). Do not count your chickens before they are hatched (in form - indefinitely personal). You cannot get rid of the spoken word. Have a bite to eat and then go again.	Any ( any) can’t easily take fish out of the pond. All do not count your chickens before they are hatched . Any ( any) counts chickens in the fall. From the spoken word any will not untie. I AM I’ll have a bite to eat and then go again.
1.4. Impersonal offer
1) The verb-predicate in an impersonal form (coincides with the singular, third person or neuter gender).	and) Getting light; It was light; I'm lucky; b) Melts; in) To me (date. case) not sleeping; d) By the wind (creative case) tore off the roof.	b) Snow melts; in) I am not sleeping; d) The wind tore off the roof.
2) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	and) It's cold outside ; b) I'm cold; in) I'm sad ;	a) there are no correlative constructions; b) I'm cold; in) I'm sad.
3) A compound verb predicate, the auxiliary part of which is a compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	and) To me sorry to leave with you; b) To me need to go .	and) I AM don't want to leave with you; b) I have to go.
4) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - a brief passive participle of the past tense in the form of a singular, neuter gender.	Closed . Well said, Father Varlaam. The room is smoked.	The store is closed . Father Barlaam said foldingly. Someone smoked in the room.
5) The predicate no or a verb in an impersonal form with a negative particle is not + an addition in the genitive case (negative impersonal sentences).	No money . There was no money. There is no money left. Not enough money.
6) The said no or the verb in an impersonal form with a negative particle is not + the addition in the genitive case with the amplifying particle is neither (negative impersonal sentences).	There is not a cloud in the sky. There was not a cloud in the sky. I don’t have a dime. I didn’t have a dime.	The sky is cloudless. The sky was cloudless. I don't have a dime. I didn’t have a dime.
1.5. Infinitive sentences
The predicate is an independent infinitive.	Keep silence for everyone! Be a thunderstorm! Go to the sea! To forgive a person, you need to understand him.	Keep silence. There will be a thunderstorm. I would go to the sea. To you could forgive a personyou have to understand him.
2. Offers with one main member - RELIABLE
Nominative (nominative) sentences
Subject - name in the nominative case (in the sentence there can be no circumstances or additions that would relate to the predicate).	The night. Spring .	Usually there are no correlative constructions.

Notes.

4) Many researchers attribute nouns (nominative) sentences to the category of two-part sentences with zero connective.

Note!

In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with the omitted predicate).

Wed: It was night ; It will be night; Let it be night; It would be night.

Wed: The pharmacy is / is located around the corner; I rushed / ran to the window.

Wed: I am coming / following you.

Single-sentence proposal plan

Determine the type of one-part sentence.
Indicate those grammatical features of the main term that allow us to attribute the sentence to this particular type of mono-compound sentences.

Parse pattern

Show off, city of Petrov (Pushkin).

The sentence is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by the verb in the second person of the imperative mood.

In the kitchen lit a fire (Sholokhov).

The sentence is one-part (indefinite-personal). Predicate lit expressed by the verb in the plural of past tense.

You will melt a stone with a kind word (proverb).

It smelled wonderful fish (Kuprin).

The sentence is one-part (impersonal). Predicate it smelled expressed by the verb in an impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter gender).

Soft moonlight (The Warden).

The sentence is one-part (call). Principal Member - Subject shine - expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

Offers are divided into two-partwhose grammatical basis consists of two main members - the subject and the predicate, and one-partwhose grammatical basis consists of only one main member: the subject or predicate.

Single-component sentences, as well as two-component ones, can be widespread and not widespread.

Single-component sentences are divided into two groups:

with the main member - subject,
with the main member - the predicate.

Example:

« Silence». « Night". "What night!» « Smoke bonfire. "

« Is partying". "Chickens in the fall think"(Proverb). " Open a door!"

- subject

Nominative (nominative) sentences are those one-compound sentences in which the main member, the subject, is usually expressed by the noun in the nominative case or a combination of the numeral with the noun. These proposals show that events, phenomena, objects, called the main member, exist.

Example:

« First of september». « School". "Solemn ruler».

Nickname sentences with particles here, they have indicative meaning.

Example:

“Here is mine village;

Here is my house dear "... (I. Surikov)

One-part offers with the main member- predicate

Single-component sentences with the main member - the predicate are not identical in the structure of the predicate. Three types are distinguished:

1. Certainly personal offers.
2. Uncertain personal offers.
3. Impersonal sentences.

1. Certainly personal offers

Certainly personal sentences refer to the action performed by the person: the speaker or the interlocutor.

These are one-part sentences with the main member - the predicate, which is expressed by the personal form of the verb in the form of the 1st or 2nd person of the indicative mood or the verb in the imperative mood. In such sentences, the verb in its form indicates a very specific person.

Example:

« I'm going (I am), look on both sides". " Keep (you) a thief! ”

2. Uncertain personal offers

Indefinite personal sentences refer to an action performed by some indefinite person.

These are one-part sentences with the main member - the predicate, which is expressed by the verb in the form of the 3rd l. many hours present or future tense, or in the form of plural. hours past tense, or a verb of conditional mood.

Example:

"Cautiously at the door knocked (etc.). " " Are calling (present, 3rd l.) "! " Would be allowed (conv. nakl.) I get behind the wheel "...

3. Impersonal sentences

Impersonal sentences refer to an action or condition that is performed without the participation of the actor. In impersonal sentences there is no and cannot be subject.

Example:

« Is partying». « Boring, mum". "About it need to know to everyone. ”

Ways of expressing the predicate in an impersonal sentence

Impersonal verb; impersonal verb + infinitive	*Getting light* . To me not sleeping. To me i do not want to eat.
Personal verb in an impersonal sense	Terpko smells* wormwood. On the street melted away.*
Words of condition; words were, became + a word of status	*Dark* and fearfully. To me became sad.
There is no word, no; short communion	In the class not* no one. In the office smoked.*
Infinitive; words necessary, possible, impossible ... + infinitive	Us not forget* such battles ... (M. Lermontov) need to hurry.*

Some scholars distinguish the fourth type of single-component sentences - generalized-personal. These proposals call such an action that applies to a wide range of individuals.

Example:

"Past years you will not return"(I. Surkov).

"Late Autumn Days scolding usually ... "(A. Pushkin)

“To someone else’s mouth you will not throw handkerchief ”(Proverb).

To generalized-personal sentences include proverbs, sayings, aphorisms, winged expressions.

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Preparation for exams in Russian:

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Simple sentences are sentences that have one grammatical basis and express a simple message, for example: In moments of sad music, I imagine a yellow reach, and the woman’s voice is farewell, and the noise of gusty birches.

Simple sentences are divided into two-part and one-part. Two-part - a sentence in which there is both subject and predicate: At night the lamp stood on the window.If the subject includes minor members, then it forms a group of the subject, if to the predicate, then the group of the predicate.

Let's talk about a simple two-part sentence

A two-part simple sentence consists of a subject and a predicate.

Let's start with the subject:

The subject is the main member of the two-part sentence, which denotes the subject of speech and answers questions who? what?

Predicate:

The predicate is the main member of the two-part sentence, which characterizes the subject and is grammatically dependent only on it.

The predicate denotes the action, sign, state of the subject of speech and answers the questions what does the subject do? what is the subject? what is the subject.

Distinguish between verbal and nominal predicate.

The verb predicate answers the question, what does the subject do ?, and the nominal predicate what is the subject? what is he like By structure, the verb predicate is simple (one verb component) and compound (infinitive in combination with an auxiliary verb); nominal - compound (the name in combination with the verb connective or without it).

The predicate is a simple verb, if it includes:

particles;
combinations of the same verb in the infinitive and in the conjugated form are not;
the combination of two cognates of a verb with a particle not in expressing the meaning of impossibility;
repeating predicates to indicate long-term action;
repeating conjugated forms: with a particle like that;
combinations of two different verbs in the same conjugated form.

Compound verb predicate it is formed analytically - from the auxiliary verb, which expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the infinitive.

Compound nominal predicate - this is a predicate in which there is a verb-connective expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate and the nominal part.

Let's move on to a simple one-piece sentence.

A one-part sentence is a simple sentence, the grammatical basis of which is represented either by a subject or a predicate, for example:

The city and people seemed to be replaced.
Money cannot be bought with the mind.

Single-compound sentences are divided into verbal and nominal.

Among monosyllabic verbs emit certain personal, indefinite personal, impersonal. Among registered- call letters.

Definitely personal - sentences in which the main term is expressed by the verbs of the 1st and 2nd person singular and plural of present and future tense, as well as the imperative mood.
Indefinitely personal - these are sentences in which the main member is the verb of the 3rd person plural n.v. and B.V.
Impersonal - these are sentences in which there is no subject.
Nouns - these are sentences in which the main member acts as a nominative case of a noun.

Sentences whose grammatical basis consists of two main members (subject and predicate) are called two-part.

Sentences whose grammatical basis consists of one main member are called monosyllabic. One-piecethe proposals have a complete meaning, and therefore the second main term is sometimes unnecessary or impossible.

For example: In the summer I will go to the sea. Dark. It's time to go. Magical night.

Unicomponent sentences, as opposed to incomplete, are understood out of context.

There are several types of one-piece sentences:

Definitely personal
vaguely personal
generalized personal
impersonal
vernacular (nominative).

Each of the types of one-component sentences is distinguished by features of meaning and the form of expression of the main term.

Certainly personal offers - These are one-part sentences with the main predicate member, conveying the actions of a certain person (speaker or interlocutor).

In certain personal offers the main term is expressed by a verb in the form of 1 and 2 persons singular and plural indicative (present and future tense), and imperative ; the producer of the action is defined and can be called personal pronouns 1 and 2 of the person i am , you , we , you .

For example: I lovethunderstorm in early may(Tyutchev); Will beendure trials patiently (Chekhov); Go, bow downfish (Pushkin).

In definitely personal offers the predicate cannot be expressed by the 3rd person singular verb and the past tense verb. In such cases, the proposal does not indicate a specific person and the proposal itself is incomplete.

Compare: Do you know Greek too? - I studied a little(Ostrovsky).

Uncertain personal offers - these are single-component sentences with the main predicate member, conveying the actions of an indefinite subject.

In vaguely personal sentences the main term is expressed by a verb in the form of a 3 person plural (present and future tense in the indicative and imperative), the plural form of the past tense of the indicative mood and the similar form of the conditional mood of the verb.

The producer of the action in these offers is unknown or unimportant.

For example: In home poundedstove doors (A. Tolstoy); On the streets somewhere far shoot (Bulgakov); Would give to man relaxin front of the road (Sholokhov).

General-personal offers

General-personal offers - these are single-component sentences with the main predicate member, conveying the actions of a generalized subject (the action is attributed to each and everyone separately).

The main member in a generalized-personal sentence may have the same ways of expression as in definitely-personal and indefinite-personal sentences, but most often expressed by the verb of the 2nd person singular and plural of the present and future tense or the verb of the 3rd person plural.

For example: Good for bad don't change (proverb); Not very senior today respect (Ostrovsky); what sowthen reap (proverb).

Generalized-personal sentences are usually presented in proverbs, sayings, catchphrases, aphorisms.

To generalized-personal are proposals that contain an author’s generalization. The speaker uses the 2nd person verb instead of the 1st person verb to give a generalized meaning.

For example: Come outsometimes outside and are surprisedtransparency of air.

Impersonal sentences

Impersonal sentences - these are single-component sentences with the main predicate member, conveying actions or conditions that arise regardless of the producer of the action.

In such offers impossible to substitute .

The main member of an impersonal sentence may be similar in structure to a simple verb predicate and expressed:

1) an impersonal verb, the only syntactic function of which is to be the main member of impersonal single-compound sentences:

For example: It's getting cold / it was getting cold / will get cold .

2) a personal verb in an impersonal form:

For example: Getting dark .

3) the verb to be and the word no in negative sentences:

For example: Wind did not have / not .

The main term, similar in structure to a compound verb predicate , may have the following expression:

1) a modal or phase verb in an impersonal form + infinitive:
For example: Outside the window it was getting dark .

2) the verb-connective to be in impersonal form (in the present tense in zero form) + adverb + infinitive:
For example: It's a pity / it was a pity to part with friends.
It's time to pack upon the road.

The main member, similar in structure to a compound nominal predicate expressed:

1) the verb-bunch in impersonal form + adverb:
For example: It was a pity old man.

On the street. becamefreshly.

2) the verb-bunch in impersonal form + a short passive participle:

For example: In the room was smoked .

A special group of impersonal sentences is formed by infinitive sentences. .

The main member of a one-part sentence can be expressed as an infinitive that does not depend on any other member of the sentence and denotes an action possible or impossible, necessary, inevitable. Such sentences are called infinitive.

For example: Him tomorrow on duty. To everyone get up! Would goto Moscow!

Infinitive sentences have various modal meanings: obligation, necessity, possibility or impossibility, inevitability of action; as well as the impulse to action, command, order.

Infinitive sentences are divided into unconditional (Be silent!) and conditionally desirable (to read).

Nominative (nominative) sentences - these are single-component sentences that convey the meaning of being (existence, existence) of the subject of speech (thought).

The main term in the nominative sentence can be expressed by a noun in the nominative case and a quantitative-nominal combination .

For example: Night, the outside, lamp, pharmacy . Meaningless and dull shine (Block); Three wars, threehungry poreswhat century has awarded (Soloukhin).

Naming sentences may include pointing particles out , here , and to introduce an emotional assessment - exclamation particles welland , which , like this :

For example: Which weather! Well rain! Like this storm!

Distributors of a nasal proposal can be agreed and inconsistent definitions:
For example: Late fall .

If the distributor is the circumstance of the place, time, then such proposals can be interpreted as two-part incomplete:
For example: Soon fall . (Compare: Soon autumn will come .)
On the street rain . (Compare: On the street it's raining .)

Nominative (nominative) sentences can have the following subspecies:

1) Self-existential sentences expressing the idea of \u200b\u200bthe existence of a phenomenon, object, time.
For example: April22. Blue. The snow has melted.

2) Indicative and existential sentences. The basic meaning of beingness is complicated by the meaning of instruction.
For example: Here mill.

3) Estimated-existential (Dominance of valuation).
For example: Well day! Oh yes ...! And already character! + particles well, then, also to me, and also.

The main member can be an estimated noun ( beauty . Nonsense .)

4) desirable-existential (particles only, if only).
For example: If only health. Not only death. If happiness.

5) incentive (incentive-desirable: Attention ! good day ! and incentive-imperative: Fire ! etc.).

It is necessary to distinguish from the nominative proposals of the design, in the form of coinciding with them.

Nominative case in the role of a simple name (name, inscription). They can be called proper-named - the meaning of beingness is absolutely absent.
For example: "War and Peace".

The nominative case in the predicate function of a two-part sentence ( Who is he? Familiar.)

The nominative case of the topic can be attributed to isolated nominative ones, but in substance they do not have the meaning of beingness, do not perform a communicative function, form a syntactic unity only in combination with the subsequent construction.
For example: Moscow. How much in this sound for the heart of the Russian merged ... Fall. This time of year I especially love.