Automatic coal-fired boilers for private houses. Alternative to gas: an overview of automatic coal-fired boilers. Features of boilers with automatic feeding

Among the extensive family of heat generators that burn various types of biomass, a special place is occupied by solid fuel boilers with automatic fuel supply. They are becoming more and more in demand, since, unlike traditional wood-fired units, they fully satisfy one of the main requirements of users - ease of maintenance and operation. In this material, we will review existing boilers with automated loading and figure out what types of solid fuels they can use for their work.

Types of automatic boilers

The main disadvantage of a solid fuel heat generator is the frequent loading of wood or coal. To eliminate it, it is necessary to automate the fuel supply, but this is not so simple, a device for loading logs has not yet been invented. But if the fuel has a free-flowing structure, then it is much easier to solve the issue, which was done in the corresponding heating units. According to the types of free-flowing biomass burned, they are divided into the following types:

pellet boilers with automatic fuel supply;
coal automatic heat generators;
aggregates operating on wood chips;
universal boilers.

Let's consider each of the presented types in more detail.

Pellet boilers

Pellets are a versatile biofuel produced in the form of solid cylindrical granules. It is universal because a variety of waste wood and agricultural products are used as raw materials for its production: sawdust, wood chips, sunflower husks, straw and so on. In turn, a pellet boiler is a perfect fully automated unit that requires human attention no more than 1-2 times a week. In addition to this advantage, the heat generator has others:

the highest operating efficiency among all solid fuel boilers - up to 90%;
high degree of automation, including ignition;
complete absence of inertia and the danger of overheating of the coolant. After the supply of fuel and air to the combustion zone stops, the flame goes out almost immediately;
environmental friendliness and cleanliness in the combustion room.

Of the shortcomings, only two significant ones should be noted: the high cost of equipment and service, as well as the need to store the granules in a dry room so that they do not become damp and do not crumble.

All the advantages that a pellet boiler has come from the successful design of the fuel supply system and burner. The unit itself is nothing special - a steel or cast iron combustion chamber with a two- or three-way heat exchanger, surrounded by a water jacket. Various sensors are built into the boiler body, which function in conjunction with the controller and transmit information about the presence of draft, temperature, pressure, water level in the boiler block, and so on.

Note. Units of some foreign manufacturers are designed to work with various types of flare burners. A burner for natural gas, diesel fuel or of your choice can be built into the same housing.

Much more interesting is how the automatic supply of fuel to the combustion chamber of a pellet boiler is arranged. Here, the main element is a screw conveyor that moves the pellets to the combustion zone.

Inside the auger, fuel is poured under its own weight from the feed hopper, and is dosed depending on the temperature of the coolant. It is monitored by the controller with the help of a suitable sensor and regulates the pellet consumption by controlling the electric motor of the auger and the fan - air blower, thereby changing the thermal power of the unit. If the loading hopper is close to emptying, then on the signal of the sensor, the controller informs the homeowner about this, and then stops work.

Many automated pellet feeding systems can be remotely controlled via GSM communication or a mobile application for a smartphone. It depends on whether the controller has the corresponding function.

Automatic boilers for coal and wood chips

The device and principle of operation of these units is not much different from pellet ones. The screw conveyor in the same way supplies coal to the furnace at the command of the control unit, air injection and ignition also work. The difference is in the design of the auger itself, for coal it is made more massive, respectively, the power of the electric motor is increased. In addition, a coal-fired solid fuel boiler with automatic fuel supply requires fuel of a certain quality and moisture content. This is due to the design features of the retort burner used in such heat generators.

Heating units burning wood chips have one additional function in the feeder - wood chopping. After all, the length of the chips can be different and it is impossible to foresee the auger for it. To make the size of the chips the same, a rotary chopping knife is built into the feed pipe between the hopper and the auger. Both the conveyor and the knife are driven by one powerful electric motor. Such products are offered by many European manufacturers, for example, the Austrian automatic solid fuel wood chip boiler FROLING.

A little about universal units. Their convenience is that in the event of a shortage of any type of bulk fuel, you can switch to ordinary firewood at any time. For this, the design provides for an additional combustion chamber for laying wood logs. Of course, the efficiency in this case is significantly reduced (from 90 to 80%), since the heater operates in the mode of a simple solid fuel boiler. One more circumstance should be noted: each manufacturer of automatic boilers is trying to expand the range of fuel burned by modernizing the supply system. Therefore, some products, in addition to pellets, can use coal dust, eco peas and even seed husks. An example of this is the Polish universal boilers DEFRO DUO UNI.

Conclusion

We are already accustomed to the idea that the operation of a solid fuel boiler requires constant supervision, frequent loading and maintenance. But progress does not stand still, every year new samples of automatic units appear at exhibitions and on the market, relieving us of the duties of a home stoker.

Content

Automatic boiler "Yamal" long burning
Coal-fired boiler "Barin" with automatic feed
Solid fuel automatic boiler "Karborobot"

Introduction

The problem of organizing an automatic supply of solid fuel has always worried the developers of solid fuel boilers. If in the case of firewood it is rather problematic to organize it, then when using coal and pellets the situation looks more real. Today in our review we will consider the most popular automatic coal-fired boilers, and how they implement the mechanism for delivering fuel to the combustion zone.

Automatic pellet feeding is most often done using a soft or hard auger. It is possible to deliver coal to the furnace with a screw conveyor only if its fractions are sufficiently small and homogeneous, and most often this is not the case. Today we will consider several coal-fired boilers, in which the mechanism for automatic fuel supply from the bunker to the combustion chamber is implemented in different ways.

Everyone who has heated their home with coal knows about the main problem of this fuel, which prevents it from being automatically fed into a solid fuel boiler. Usually its fractions differ in size, hence the automation of feeding in the form in which it is implemented, for example, in pellet boilers becomes impossible. The developers of the Yamal automatic coal-fired boiler have solved this problem by using a completely new method of feeding, capable of efficiently working even with fractions of different sizes.

Photo 1: Household coal-fired boiler "Yamal" with automatic feed

The essence of this method, like everything ingenious, is extremely simple. Inside the bunker with inclined walls, a conveyor is installed that picks up pieces of coal and lifts them higher and higher. At the highest point there is a gear crusher, which passes fractions of suitable size, and those that are larger either split on its teeth or fall back into the hopper. As you can see, the mechanism does not contain complex structures, and even if it fails, anyone can adjust its work with their own hands.

Photo 2: Automatic loading of coal into the furnace of the Yamal boiler

The operation of the Yamal boiler is fully automated. Fuel supply, ignition, slag discharge, power regulation - all these processes take place automatically under the supervision of an electronic control unit. When the fuel tank is completely filled and the diesel burner is filled, the coal boiler is able to independently heat the room for 20 days.

The manufacturer produces three Yamal models of different capacities. Below are their main technical data:

Taking into account the fact that pellets have not yet become widespread in our country, a robotic coal heater is perhaps the only available way to organize an autonomous solid fuel heating system in our country. We talked in more detail about the Yamal automatic long-burning coal-fired boiler in one of our previous reviews.

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In the "Barin" solid fuel boiler, automatic feeding is organized in a slightly different way. Here the hopper is located above the boiler, and the coal is lowered by gravity into the combustion chamber. Its caking on the walls of the fuel tank is prevented by the collapsing system.

After passing through the shaft connecting the furnace and the bunker, surrounded by a water jacket, the coal enters the water-filled grate, where it is burned. The design of the mine makes it possible to pre-dry the fuel, for its more efficient combustion in the furnace of the Barin boiler. Hollow grates are filled with a coolant both to increase the heat removal area and to prevent coal from burning to their surface. The first section of the ash pan is located directly below them, in which mainly fine ash accumulates.

Photo 3: Automatic solid fuel boiler "Barin"

The burnt coal is pushed into the second compartment of the ash pan by means of the shredding mechanism. On the way of flue gases, still containing unburned fuel particles, there is a secondary combustion chamber lined with fireclay bricks. Here, high-temperature afterburning of gases takes place, after which they, having passed through the system of a tubular heat exchanger, are discharged into the environment through the chimney.

The boiler is controlled and monitored by an automatic control system. It maintains the combustion process at the required level, controls temperature and pressure, and also performs many other functions. The owner's task is to set the necessary operating parameters once, and then only add coal to the bunker and periodically clean the ash pans.

Below in the table are some technical characteristics of the automatic boiler "Barin":

You can learn more about the device, operation, advantages and disadvantages of the automatic heating boiler on coal "Barin" from a special review on our website kotlydlyadoma.ru dedicated to this model.

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Coal-fired boilers "Karborobot" are produced in two modifications: Classic and Classic Bio. The first is intended for burning exclusively brown coal, and in the second, it is also possible to use various biomass, such as wood chips, pellets, husk.

Structurally, this unit is a main body with a firebox and a heat exchanger, on top of which a fuel bunker is fixed. Inside, the steel case is divided into two parts by a partition, in which there is an opening through which hot gases from the front part enter the rear.

Photo 4: Long-burning coal-fired boiler "Karborobot"

The first compartment of the Karborobot boiler is located directly under the bunker and is a combustion chamber and a spacious ash pan. The fuel combustion process takes place on a rotating cast-iron drum, and the resulting ash falls into the ash box.

In the second compartment, located behind the first, there is a tubular heat exchanger. Passing through it, the flue gases give up their energy to the coolant and then are discharged into the atmosphere.

The whole process of boiler operation is electronically controlled by means of several motors. At her command, the stepper motor turns the grate drum, dumping the burned-out fuel into the ash pan and feeding a new portion from the hopper. The smoke exhauster engine creates forced draft, directing the hot gases into the chimney through the heat exchanger.

In one of the recent reviews on our website, we examined the Russian coal-fired boiler "Prometheus" with an automatic feed, which is like two drops of water similar to the "Carborobot" both in terms of its internal structure and externally.

The table below shows the technical characteristics of household boilers "Karborobot" Classic:

In addition to the above, watch a short video about the "Karborobot" coal-fired boiler:

Back to the table of contents Conclusion

Having analyzed several models of automatic boilers, we can draw some conclusions. Most of the models are demanding on the size of the coal fractions and are able to operate autonomously for a long time only when loaded with fuel of the required quality. Therefore, if you have a reliable supplier of fine-grained coal, you can safely buy a coal vending machine to heat your home.

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Types and features of automatic solid fuel boilers

The absence of a gas pipe in a suburban village is the reason that the heating system of houses will be based on other types of fuel: electricity, solid fuel or liquid. Traditionally, consumers choose solid fuel boilers, considering them more reliable, and the fuel used in them is available and cheap. True, such boilers have two drawbacks: you have to monitor the loading of the furnace all the time and turn off the unit if you leave the house for several days. Both problems are serious enough, but they can be solved by using automatic solid fuel boilers.

The one who invented the design of this unit must have suffered for a long time himself, using a solid fuel boiler in his own house. The novelty took root on the market immediately. First, the economic side of the matter was fully respected. Secondly, this type of boiler works very efficiently. Thirdly, the issue of manual labor has finally been resolved.

A variety of automatic solid fuel boilers

Traditional type. These are ordinary solid fuel boilers, the automation of which is manually adjusted. The air supply to the combustion chamber is regulated by a gate, the same can be said for the fuel supply, the temperature regime is set manually. These boilers have a big plus - they can operate on any type of solid fuel.
Combined option. In this design, various devices are installed that support the combustion mode of one or another type of fuel. In some models, a separate combustion chamber is installed for each type of fuel, in others, the furnace will have to be modified. For example, install a burner.
Pyrolysis heating devices are a unique design that uses the technology of extracting heat energy not only from fuel combustion, but also from the gas that is removed during combustion. In fact, these are automatic solid fuel boilers for long burning, where solid fuel does not burn, but smolders. These are by far the most expensive, but highly demanded heating devices. They have a fairly high efficiency - 90%. The only thing that sometimes repels consumers is the energy dependence of the boiler. But its functionality is at the highest level, all processes are carried out automatically. We can say that pyrolysis boilers are a modern approach to solving problems associated with heating a private house by automating the control and regulation of combustion processes.

Mono boiler with built-in hopper

Attention! The functioning of the pyrolysis boiler in the set mode can vary from one day to a whole month. But in this case, the setting of a certain mode does not depend on the design of the boiler itself and not on its functions, but on the volume of the bunker into which the solid fuel is poured.

Currently, in specialized stores, consumers can choose units of different power. This figure varies between 10-250 kW. The same can be said for the variety of fuels. There are pellets, coal granules of various sizes, sawdust, and a torch, and so on.

Boiler working principle

An automatic solid fuel boiler is the same ordinary boiler with a small addition in the form of a bunker, which is a kind of warehouse, from where, in automatic mode, fuel is supplied to the furnace of the heating unit. Therefore, experts pay special attention to the installation process of all parts. Full and exact compliance is required, due to the instructions. If the installation process is carried out at the highest level, then we can talk about high-quality long-term operation of an automatic solid fuel boiler. Principle of operation

It goes without saying that only granular solid fuels can be fed into the combustion chamber through the hopper. It will obviously be impossible to use firewood here. But this is not a problem either. Wood pellets are inexpensive, you can find them today in almost all stores. Although in many models of automatic solid fuel boilers, small wood waste in the form of chips or sawdust can be used. But be careful, the product passport indicates whether they can be used or not. Because manufacturers have their own specific requirements for each model.

Why are the requirements different? The thing is that the size of the supplied fuel particles, as well as their technical characteristics (humidity, density), play a special role. Some automatic models easily accept even the smallest pieces of wood, in some you can use medium sizes. This is an important part of the efficient and long-term operation of the boilers.

Fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber by means of an auger, which is rotated by a small electric motor. The bunker can be located as a free-standing unit, or be integrated in the same body with the boiler. The most common unit at the present time is a solid fuel pellet boiler.

What are pellets

These are fuel pellets made from wood waste, peat, agricultural products (straw, corn cobs, chicken droppings, etc.). These are the crushed materials described above, which are pressed into cylindrical granules of a certain size. The size of the pellets determines the ability to pass them through the screw hole into the boiler furnace.

Pellets

By the way, for information: in order to produce one ton of granular pellets, it is necessary to process from 2.3 to 2.6 m³ of wood. Plus, the production process itself requires thermal energy, which is released by burning another cubic meter of sawdust. Pellets are packed in paper bags, the volume of bags can vary from 2 to 20 kg.

How are pellets different from ordinary firewood? Their moisture content is 8-12%, for firewood it is at least 15%. The density is one and a half times higher. All this ensures high heat transfer of the fuel, even if it does not burn, but smolders.

Solid fuel boiler device

Automation

In automatic solid fuel boilers, the automation system performs several very important functions:

The temperature is set and controlled regardless of the weather conditions outside.
The ignition in most models is also automatic.
Pellet supply depending on the set boiler operating mode.

But cleaning and cleaning the combustion chamber will have to be done manually. This is not difficult, especially since the process itself is carried out once a week.

Pyrolysis boiler

Currently, manufacturers of automatic solid fuel boilers offer different types of automatic systems that can:

Manage all processes from a distance.
Set the temperature regime for several days, weekly, hourly, and so on. The smaller the step of setting the mode, the more modern automation is used in the boiler, the more expensive the unit itself.

Requirements for the organization of work of solid fuel boilers

A separate room for the boiler room, which meets all fire safety requirements.
A well-functioning ventilation system.
The boiler is installed on a solid foundation (foundation or plinth).
The surrounding structures of a solid fuel boiler must be built of non-combustible materials or be sheathed with them.
Correctly install the chimney under certain standards that the model of the unit requires.

Correct installation

By the way, special attention must be paid to the chimney. It is his competently carried out installation that guarantees that the automatic solid fuel boiler will work efficiently, correctly and for a long time. That's why:

The chimney must be made of a heat-resistant material that can withstand metal corrosion.
Optimal dimensions: diameter - 180 mm, length 4.0 m.
The chimney must be insulated.
Mandatory arrangement of revision holes. The thing is that when solid fuel is burned on the chimney, soot is deposited in large quantities, which reduces the cross-section of the pipe. And this is the reason for the decrease in thrust. So you have to manually clean the chimney from time to time. This process is unpleasant, but very necessary.

Types and features of automation for solid fuel boilers

Any heating technology associated with heating living quarters cannot be imagined without automation. Equipping heating devices with certain mechanisms, devices and fixtures not only increase the efficiency of the boiler equipment, but also ensure the safety of the boiler equipment. A solid fuel heating boiler, although today is a high-tech device, just like other types of heating devices, it needs to be equipped with automation.

In comparison with classic solid fuel boilers, heating units produced today are the most automated devices. Automatic solid fuel boilers cope with their tasks without human intervention. In the periods between fuel inserts, the entire system is completely autonomous and independent, giving an optimal temperature regime in the house and hot water supply at the exit. Let's take a closer look at what automation is for solid fuel heating units.

The main functions assigned to automation

Before installing a solid fuel boiler, you should carefully study the principle of its operation and control mechanisms. Studying the processes of the operating cycle of the heating device will allow you to understand how the devices and mechanisms that control the heating system work. What is automation for solid fuel boilers today, and what are its main functions.

The following functional tasks are assigned to automation:

ensuring optimal temperature conditions in the heating circuit;
performing a controlling function for the operation of the pump and the three-way valve in the mixing circuit;
ensuring control over the operation of the circulation pump on the main heating circuit;
control of the temperature of water heating in the DHW system;
provide switching on / off of the three-way valve;
boiler equipment automation is a set of equipment together with a room thermostat.

The diagram shows the usual piping of an autonomous heating system with installed automation.

Automation of many processes during the operation of solid fuel heating devices allows to achieve significant savings in fuel resources and free the inhabitants of the house from the function of a stoker. Today, automation is a set of complex and energy-intensive devices, each of which solves a certain range of problems and issues.

An automatic boiler is a unit that is capable of operating completely and completely autonomously, starting with fuel loading and ending with heating temperature control.

For your reference: All processes, starting with fuel filling, ignition and control over switching on and off, are done in automatic mode. Without your participation. The presence of sensors and controllers allows the system to react on its own to a changing situation. Based on the parameters you have set, the boiler operates in the set modes.

What are the types of automation

The capabilities of modern electronic devices included in the set of equipment for monitoring the operation of the heater are wide enough, allowing you to configure the devices in accordance with your own priorities and desires. In most cases, a set of modern complex heating devices includes:

a computer that controls the heating device;
fan or air turbine.

Today, it is possible to equip ordinary semi-automatic solid-fuel units of almost any kind with an automatic Comfort Eco-type control unit. A semi-automatic solid fuel boiler equipped with such a kit can already carry out most of the processes independently. The sensors regulate the temperature of the heating agent, the state of the draft. All information goes to the screen. A conventional pyrolysis boiler or a long-burning unit with automation becomes an order of magnitude more convenient and safer to operate.

If everything is more or less clear with electronics, then the mechanical part should be dealt with in more detail. There is a classification of automation in terms of autonomy. In this case, it is customary to distinguish between:

automatics, volatile - powered by electricity;
automation, non-volatile, which does not require connection to the mains.

In the first case, the operability of the main devices is feasible only when the devices are connected to the power supply. To increase the safety of such devices, the autonomous heating system is equipped with a UPS. The first option looks preferable, since network-powered automation has more functionality.

The second case is focused on greater autonomy. Such options are very convenient in situations where power outages are frequent, and the heating device is configured to work independently without unnecessary electronics.

Important! If your boiler is configured properly and operates autonomously, without additional means of monitoring and recording temperature, you need to visit the boiler room more often.

The advantages of boiler equipment on which the automation is installed

The first thing that any owner of heating equipment draws attention to is the ability of the heating device to independently regulate the heating temperature of the main heating circuit. Previously, everything was done by hand. He pushed in the damper, the temperature began to drop and vice versa, he opened the blower, the boiler began to work more intensively, the temperature rises.

Modern automatic solid fuel boilers for long burning are capable of working without human intervention for a long time (up to 48 hours), independently regulating all processes. It is only important for you to set the required temperature regime inside the dwelling. Thermal sensors react to changes in room temperature by sending a signal to the central control panel. From there, a command is sent to turn on special blower fans, which provide the combustion process with air.

The next important advantage that automation gives solid fuel boilers is the independence of the heating device in operation. Now there is no need to turn off the boiler when leaving and wait for it to cool down completely, the heating system must be drained so that it does not defrost.

At the moment, the situation has changed radically. With the help of automation, you can adjust the operation of the heating unit in the minimum (maintenance) mode. In other words: you set your boiler to a certain temperature regime. While you are not at home, the boiler works in order to maintain the minimum temperature indicators in the system. In order for the heating device to start at maximum speed, it is enough to set a timer. You come, and your house is warm.

In the case of setting fire to solid fuel, the situation is generally simplified. A person is absolutely not needed for this. At the set time, the electric ignition will work and the boiler will start working.

The main emphasis in the latest models is placed on achieving the safest possible mode of operation. Solid fuel units equipped with automatic control devices are capable of regularly conducting self-diagnostics, detecting malfunctions of one or another element. For a solid fuel boiler, fast response is important. The faster the devices and the system react to an emergency situation, an increase in pressure in the system, a sharp jump in temperature, the faster the system will stop in automatic mode.

Solid fuel boilers with automatic feeding

It is especially worth dwelling on that category of solid fuel heating devices, which are equipped with devices and mechanisms that facilitate the work of the stoker. We are talking about such a type of boiler equipment as a solid fuel boiler equipped with an automatic fuel supply mechanism. A number of current heating units are equipped with special devices, with the help of which fuel is constantly loaded into the combustion chamber. Such devices are called pellet devices, because pellets - small, easily combustible granules made on the basis of wood waste - go into the firebox.

Boilers with automatic fuel supply are considered one of the most efficient. The efficiency in such a device reaches 80-85%, due to the most complete combustion of fuel and the automation of the process itself. This technique provides the necessary comfort, cleanliness and coziness in the house during operation. Solid fuel is carefully poured into the bunker and from there it is fed by a screw mechanism into the combustion chamber.

Note: in pellet aggregates, the automation regulates not only the intensity of air supply to the burner, but also the amount of pellets entering the furnace. There are pellets on the burner, the unit is running, there are no pellets, the heater is turned off.

Solid fuel heating boilers, in addition to automatic fuel supply, are also equipped with a device that allows you to clean the ash pan without putting human hands on it.

Installation of automation

If you can install a boiler and lay a pipeline for an autonomous heating system yourself, then when equipping a heating device with control and automation devices, you will need the services of a specialist. Automation for solid fuel boilers requires careful and precise adjustment. The process of installing and setting up the equipment itself is complex and painstaking. Therefore, saving in this case is not worth it.

The first thing that specialists pay attention to when starting the installation of equipment is the installation of a ventilation system, the basis of which is a fan. The equipment is installed in the lower part of the heating device, in the place where the usual damper is located. The fan is fastened firmly enough so that it would not be ripped from its place during operation. The next step is to install the controller. For a wood-fired boiler, such a device will be a real godsend. Typically, the controller is a control unit for the heating unit, which automatically contains various operating algorithms. The main thing here is to correctly place the sensors and make the settings. After setting, the system is connected to the power supply, the first test run of the heater is done.

In custody

Recently, more and more the market for solid fuel boiler equipment has been replenished with sophisticated instruments and control systems. Not only foreign models of boilers, but also most of domestic manufacturers are now betting on equipping heating devices with automation.

The control unit, which has a liquid crystal display, does an excellent job with the tasks assigned to it. Now, heating devices are not only easy to control, they practically do not need to be controlled. Precise adjustment of all elements of the control system will allow the heating equipment to respond with high accuracy to the slightest changes in temperature conditions. Now your unit is not afraid of overheating or defrosting.

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Defro long-burning coal-fired boilers: an overview of the characteristics

Every owner of a solid fuel heater is always looking for an opportunity to save on fuel and automate its loading. Solid fuel boilers are usually very demanding on the quality and size of raw materials, and they have to be loaded manually several times a day. Taking into account all these shortcomings, the designers from Poland have designed a model of a heating boiler operating on the lowest grade coal, which is also fed into the furnace automatically. In this article we will look at Defro automatic boilers, their advantages, characteristics and design features.

Defro has been manufacturing solid fuel heating boilers for almost 50 years. Today it is the leader in the production of heating equipment in Poland, occupying 70% of the market. Its line includes both classic boilers without automation and fully automatic complexes that can function autonomously for a long time. In our review, we will not touch upon traditional devices, but consider only models with automatic feeding.

The main problem when heating with wood or coal is that it is necessary to constantly throw new portions of fuel into the boiler as it burns out. It is not possible to organize an automatic supply of firewood due to their different caliber and large sizes. With coal, the situation seems simpler, but the same heterogeneity of coal fractions hinders the organization of autonomous operation.

Photo 1: Coal fired boiler with automatic feed "Defro AKM"

The only possible option is to use fine-grained "pea" coal or low-quality coal pellets. It was on this type of fuel that Defro was guided in the production of coal-fired boilers.

To supply coal from the bunker to the furnace, a special piston mechanism was developed, pushing it along the connecting channel. After passing through the supply system, a portion of the fuel falls on a heat-resistant steel plate, over the entire area of which there are openings for air supply. The air mixture is blown under the plate by a fan located at the rear of the boiler.

Photo 2: Polish solid fuel heating boiler "Defro AKM Duo"

In the upper part of the combustion chamber there is a ceramic plate that provides afterburning of gases. After that, having passed the complex labyrinth of a steel heat exchanger and having given maximum energy to the coolant, the exhaust gases are discharged into the chimney through the chimney pipe.

Defro hot water boilers can operate in the following modes:

All processes occurring in the boiler are controlled by the controller. It regulates power, fuel supply, water temperature and pressure in the heating circuit, as well as many other parameters.

In this case, the controller only takes on the task of monitoring the intensity of combustion and the state of the heating system. Fuel supply is carried out manually. In this case, it is possible to use different-sized coal or firewood.

The controller is completely disabled. The air supply is manually controlled by a mechanical damper. The owner also has to control the rest of the parameters of the heating system. Typically, this mode is used only when there is a short-term power failure.

Technical characteristics of Defro AKM automatic heating boilers:

Size 15 22 30 40 50 75

power, kWt	15	22	30	40	50	75
Heated area (up to), m2	130	180	260	360	450	720
Hopper capacity, kg	89	117	130	200	262	282
Efficiency,%	87 - 88
Chimney section, mm	160	165	190	215	230	290
Price, rub	207 920	240 925	261 110	315 845	369 220	467 850

As you can see, the Defro hot water boiler is not just a solid fuel heater, but an intelligent system that can function almost autonomously. It already has little resemblance to a traditional heating device, such as, for example, a domestic Dakon coal-fired boiler.

In addition to the flagship Defro AKM line, several varieties are also available:

Consists of two combustion chambers, located one above the other and separated by water-filled grates. The upper chamber is used to burn coal or wood in manual mode, and the lower one is equipped with a burner for automatic operation.

A series of low-power automatic coal-fired boilers. Available in 5 standard sizes, with power from 11 to 27 kW. Structurally, they consist of two chambers: for automatic and manual operation.

Universal model with new burner. In addition to coal, it is also able to work effectively on pellets, husks and other waste from woodworking and agriculture.

Photo 3: "Defro AKM Uni" universal boiler with a solid fuel water circuit

In the design of the Defro AKM hot water boiler, many innovative solutions have been applied. Let's consider their advantages over classic direct combustion boilers:

A complex-shaped heat exchanger made of high-quality heat-resistant steel ensures maximum heat removal;
The use of high-tech devices at the stage of combustion and heat removal makes it possible to achieve efficiency up to 87%;
Effective emergency extinguishing system that does not require power supply;
The large combustion chamber is equipped with cast iron grates for manual operation, for example when the power supply is cut off;
A modern control system can monitor and control the operation of not only the boiler itself, but also underfloor heating, hot water supply, radiators;
A reliable fuel delivery system performs its task stably and quietly;

In one of our previous reviews, we considered an automatic hot water boiler on coal "Prometheus". However, the Polish "Defro" is a more advanced system with a wide range of possibilities and adjustments.

We talked about the design, capabilities and advantages of Defro long-burning boilers. Now let's find out what the owners think of them, who have already managed to evaluate the capabilities of these devices in real conditions:

When planning a heating system for my country cottage, I looked at several models of automatic heating boilers and ended up settling on Defro AKM DUO. At the moment, I use crushed fine-grained coal in it, the burner burns it normally, there are no cakes. The only thing is that the coal needs dry. If you use a wet one, then the heat transfer is significantly reduced. I tried to use firewood in manual mode: a full furnace of birch firewood burns out in 3 hours, although there is a high inertia.

Ivan Sergeevich, Omsk
Photo 4: Small low-power coal-fired boiler with a bunker "Defro AKM Mini"

I bought Defro AKM into my private house quite recently, while I just installed and tied it up, I started small firing. As for the boiler, I want to say the following, it is made very high quality, it looks attractive. A lot of settings and modes, it's hard to figure it out right away. As a fuel, I use grade D coal with fractions of 0-30 mm. According to first impressions, it burns very well, the combustion interval between feeds was chosen to be the optimal one equal to 3 minutes, and the blowing was set at 40%. The temperature in the heating system rises quickly. The main feature of the Defro burner is that it does not bake the cakes - the output is just ash.

Oleg Viktorovich, St. Petersburg
Photo 5: Installation and connection of the automatic boiler "Defro" in the boiler room

For a long time choosing between coal and pellets, I came across a boiler with a Defro AKM Uni universal burner. I tried to heat with coal, but after stopping the floor of the bunker, I could not find the optimal settings so that there were no cakes. I tried to mix charcoal with pellets 50/50, no cakes - normal ash. In short, I will understand, configure. It is convenient to clean, everything is available. It is better to do this with a special vacuum cleaner, the procedure is much faster.

Valery Pavlovich, Moscow

For more information about boilers of the Defro brand, see the following video:

Defro boilers with automatic coal supply are a new generation of solid fuel heating devices. In our country, they are not yet particularly popular, mainly due to their high cost. Prices for some models exceed half a million rubles. Agree, not everyone can buy such a device. And in most cases, for many country country houses, so common in our country, a simple and inexpensive model is suitable, such as a steel heating boiler with a hob "Siberia Hephaestus".

In some cases, the use of coal is the most economical. But modern users are accustomed to convenience, so they are not satisfied with the need for self-supply of fuel. These and other difficulties will be eliminated if the advanced capabilities of modern heating systems are used correctly. Let's take a closer look at what advantages automatic coal-fired boilers can provide, or rather, modifications intended for domestic use.

How to increase the duration of the autonomous operation of boilers

To reduce the frequency of fuel delivery, you can simply load a larger volume of coal into the furnace. But household appliances cannot be too large. It is also desirable that the combustion takes place gradually. They solve the designated tasks using long-term combustion systems.

The boiler device of this type differs from the classic version. In it, solid fuel is loaded from the top of the furnace in a sufficiently large volume. It is pressed by a special device. As the coal burns, which is ignited at the top, it sinks downward. A telescopic tube installed in the central part is used to supply air to the combustion area.

According to reviews, solid fuel boilers of this type are quite practical. The process of prolonged burning under pressure of oppression is more productive than an open flame. It allows you to more efficiently use heat energy. But even in this case, you have to make a new load at least once a day.

Automated solid fuel supply systems

A modern automatic coal boiler is designed for a longer period of autonomous operation. Let's list the main elements of such a system and their functions:

the screw mechanism is a device designed to eliminate manual feed. It is driven by a sufficiently powerful electric motor and, when switched on, moves coal from the fuel storage tank to the combustion chamber;
burner (retort). In its lower part there is an opening to which a screw-type conveyor is connected;
bunker for coal. As a rule, manufacturers offer a complete set of boilers with their own devices. But if desired, any home owner can create a capacity that meets his needs.

Monitoring and control systems, which are also elements, perform several functions:

ensure timely supply of solid fuel to the furnace;
increase / decrease the rate of intake of fresh air to adjust the intensity of combustion;
turn off the fuel and air supply when the temperature rises above the critical level. In some installations, the combustion area is flooded with water.

The elements listed above are used in different brands of boilers.

Here are other options for the fuel supply device, in addition to the auger mechanism discussed above:

conveyor. This device is installed at the bottom of the hopper at an angle to the horizontal. It is a wide flexible tape with rigid ribs fixed to it. This solution allows you to work with coal in different fractions, up to the size of individual pieces up to 14-16 cm. It is filled up through a special hatch built into the top cover of the boiler. According to consumer reviews, this technique is unpretentious and highly reliable. Solid fuel boilers of this type are produced by several domestic manufacturers using inexpensive components. The renovation will also not be too expensive. The disadvantage of this design is the placement of the coolant only in the side walls, which somewhat reduces the efficiency of the equipment;
it is possible to free the upper part of the furnace to accommodate an effective heat exchange system not only with the help of a screw drive. The same result is obtained using a special grate. It is created in the form of a drum with blades. As it rotates, it adds the required amount of coal to the furnace.

Features of modern household boiler equipment

All of the listed solid-fuel long-burning devices are designed for autonomous operation from several days to a couple of weeks. Of course, in such long periods of time, the absence of the owners of the house cannot be ruled out. In order to ensure the safe operation of the equipment during the heating season, and also not to provoke stressful situations for the owners, appropriate additional equipment can be provided.

It is produced using specialized electronic software units. They are capable of transmitting information using mobile telephone channels or on the Internet. The owner can not only receive important information quickly. If necessary, it will not be difficult for him to give a remote command to change the operating mode of the boiler. So the temperature rises to the desired level before the owners return home and decreases during their absence to save fuel.

The following convenient addition can be used if alternation of different types of raw materials for heating is supposed:

pellets, according to reviews of experts and ordinary users, are well suited for solid fuel boilers for long burning. Their standard dimensions and low weight of individual elements make it possible to use not too powerful electric motors in fuel supply systems;
if it is possible to use chips, then it will be necessary to install special devices that crush the raw materials, mix them in the storage bunker. This will increase the load on the electric drives, therefore more powerful units will be required.

Universal boilers for long burning will work fully not only on coal. In this case, the somewhat overestimated initial investment will pay off later, since the user will be able to choose the most economical fuel option without additional costs for making changes to the design of heating equipment.

The price of automatic long-burning coal-fired boilers is partly dependent on the exchange rate, since many products are imported.

Coal fired boilers with automatic fuel supply

Looking for an automatic coal-fired boiler that can last for more than one year? Then you need only original products from manufacturers responsible for their image. In our online store, there are models that differ in their modifications and functionality. We are talking about both Russian and foreign boilers with automatic coal supply.

The price of an automatic coal boiler in the online store will delight you with its loyalty. Our company is an official dealer of the presented manufacturers, so you will not find unreasonable extra charges with us.

The automatic coal boiler has a lot of advantages, namely:

dosed coal supply;
increased burning time after one load;
automation that turns off the operation of the device in case of overheating;
sophisticated technologies that improve traction and thermal conductivity.

It is also worth noting that boilers of this category do not require any special service. According to experts, one annual routine inspection and cleaning is sufficient to keep the equipment in good condition.

Automatic coal-fired boilers

A detailed description, photo and price of a solid fuel automatic coal-fired boiler are available in the catalog of the online store. If you need additional information about the technical features of a particular boiler, operating conditions or delivery times, call the indicated phone numbers and you will receive quick answers to all your questions.

You can also buy an automatic coal boiler in St. Petersburg and Moscow in the company's stores, where they will not only demonstrate everything visually, but also advise on issues of interest.

Automatic coal boiler is a real alternative to traditional coal, gas and diesel boilers. They are treasured "golden mean »Between ease of boiler maintenance and fuel costs.

A significant advantage of automatic coal-fired boilers is that, unlike simple solid fuel boilers, they do not require constant attention and time-consuming maintenance. Heating costs for a private house or facility are significantly reduced. Cost price1 kW warmth 50-80 kopecks.

Coal consumption in automatic boilers is an order of magnitude less than in traditional ones (on average, 1,5-2 times). The efficiency of the automatic solid fuel boiler is another advantage, their real Efficiency 80-90%, in contrast to traditional coal, where the manufacturer declared Efficiency 80-84% but in practice Efficiency less than 55-60% .

Automatic coal-fired boilers for long burning fractional coal up to 50 mm is used, and when it is burned, a more complete combustion of the fuel occurs, due to which ash is obtained by an order of magnitude less and the need for ash removal occurs every 4-7 days (during fuel filling). It’s hard to believe, but it’s a fact, not an advertisement. You saw how smoke comes from the chimney in an ordinary coal boiler. And in automatic coal boilers, it is invisible, only when firing up.

Types of automatic coal boilers

There are two main designs: boilers of the " CARBOROBOT"and their analogues (with a drum feeder) and Polish boilers" SAS"and their analogues (screw feeder).

Polish automatic coal boilers

In Polish boilers, using a screw mechanism, coal is automatically fed to the burner into the combustion chamber from the bunker as needed. Simultaneously with the supply of coal, there is a forced supply of air necessary for combustion. The amount of coal and air supplied is controlled by a computer.

As the coal is burned on the retort, ash is removed, which falls into the ash box. Depending on the ash content of the coal, ash removal is required once a 4-7 days... The boiler automation fully regulates the fuel combustion process. By analyzing the readings of temperature sensors, the boiler automatically adjusts the amount of fuel and air supplied to the combustion chamber, and can effectively operate from 30% before 100% from the rated power.

Due to the fact that a small amount of coal is burned in the boiler at the same time, the boiler consistently delivers the strictly necessary power, and the risk of the boiler boiling is eliminated even if the power supply is cut off or the circulation pumps fail.

, depending on the model, allow you to burn a variety of fuels. For this, four types of coal supply and combustion systems are used, each of which allows optimal combustion of a certain type of fuel. A very important advantage of automatic boilers of Polish boilers is the ability to heat the boiler manually even in the event of a power outage in the house.

After installation, preparation for operation and the first start-up, the boiler is completely ready for operation. Combustion in the boiler takes place continuously, therefore, the boiler usually needs to be fired up once per heating season. Boiler maintenance is reduced to adding coal to the bunker once every 3-7 days (depending on weather, fuel and required power). The boilers operate in start-stop mode, i.e. can stop themselves (in smoldering mode for up to 5 days) and restart to the required temperature.

A similar operating principle is used in boilers " Thermobot"produced in Novosibirsk and in boilers ZOTA Stakhanov from company ZOTA... Now on the Siberian market there are many options for automatic coal-fired boilers. These are stamps Metal-Fach, Defro, Pereko, Vulkan, Galmet, Heiztechnick... In addition, there are boilers Faci(Italy-Russia) and Termodinamik(Turkey).

In boilers " Carborobot"The supply of coal from the bunker, which hangs over the boiler from above, is carried out without the use of an auger (using a rotating grate). The grate with the help of a drive rotates along its axis, carrying fuel from the bunker into the combustion chamber. After fuel combustion, slag and ash fall to the bottom." ash pan ".

The place of fuel combustion, on the grate, is remote from the vertical fire-tube heat exchanger, that is, when the smoke exhauster is turned off and the fuel is supplied, heat ceases to flow into the coolant through the heat exchanger, the boiler operates in on / off mode, there is no thermal inertia inherent in all solid fuel boilers, while the fuel on the grate continues to smolder slowly and when the feed and the smoke exhauster are turned on, it quickly flares up, the combustion air enters the furnace when the exhauster is turned on only through calibrated holes. Until you run out of coal in the bunker, they do not require human participation, the work is semi-automated. Loading once every 3-5 days .

Now automatic boilers are produced in Siberia: " AUTO-30", "Coal automat", "Barin", "Prometheus". In these boilers, the principle of operation is the same as with" Carborobot".

All these boilers use coal of the size 5-80 mm... The big disadvantage of these boilers is that they are fire hazardous.

In practice, our clients with boilers "Karborobot", "Ugleavtomat", "Barin" had cases of fuel ignition in the bunker. The cost of some Siberian automatic coal-fired boilers is lower than imported ones, but they are significantly inferior to imported boilers, and their quality leaves much to be desired.

very promising for the Siberian region and the demand for them is growing every season. Moreover, now there are no problems with fractional coal, and coal is the cheapest fuel in Siberia.

For those who make a heating system in their home or industrial premises, the question arises - " Which automatic boiler is better? ".

There are a lot of different models on the market now. Each seller praises his own, and says that his cauldron " Best"But buying a boiler is a very responsible matter. Therefore, you need to know the features of various equipment, understand how options are needed, what will happen with further service.

There were cases when some companies opened, sold automatic boilers, and after a couple of years they were not on the market. Therefore, when buying an automatic boiler (sophisticated modern equipment), you need to immediately think about further service.

Our company "Kras-Kotel" was one of the first in Krasnoyarsk to install automatic boilers. Over the years, hundreds of automatic boilers from various manufacturers have been installed. Therefore, we know all the features, all the pros and cons, of various brands on the Krasnoyarsk market. Based on our many years of experience, we have selected the best models of automatic boilers.

In the Kras-Kotel company you can buy automatic boilers of the following brands: