Urethritis to which doctor to go to a man. Urethritis in women. Inflammation of the urethra: preventive measures

Urethritis affects men somewhat less frequently than women, but the inflammation proceeds with more violent symptoms. The development of pathology is facilitated by factors, the significance of which is underestimated. For example, visiting a public toilet, using someone else's hygiene products, allergies to contraceptives. Only a doctor determines the symptoms, treatment of urethritis in men, controls the effectiveness of therapy and, if necessary, corrects it. Relying on traditional medicine is impractical and unsafe.

Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra. It develops in response to irritation of the walls of this organ, which can provoke a wide range of predisposing factors. Depending on the form, it can be acute and chronic. By the nature of the origin - allergic, infectious or non-infectious.

The reasons

For all types of urethritis, a common etiological phenomenon is characteristic - a decrease in immunity. Only against the background of a weak resistance of the body does an inflammatory process develop inside the urethra. An operation, blood transfusion, hypovitaminosis, lack of adequate nutrition can weaken the protective properties. Immunity is reduced by chronic illness, lack of sleep, exhausting physical labor without the possibility of recovery, a stress factor. Urethritis develops due to the ingress of pathogenic microflora into the urethra - bacterial, viral, fungal. Another reason is the movement of infected urine through the urethra, which causes damage to the anatomical region.

It predisposes to the development of inflammation of the urethra:

Promiscuous sex life
Hypothermia
Urolithiasis, in which urine is excreted with an admixture of sand, harmful compounds or crushed stones
Alcohol abuse
Introduction of various solutions into the penis in order to improve erection, increase the size of the organ
Eating excessive amounts of salty, sour, spicy foods, smoked meats, caffeine
Wearing tight underwear

A common cause of urethritis in men is infection with sexually transmitted diseases. Inflammation of the urinary tract occurs against the background of diabetes mellitus. Urethritis is promoted by insufficient adherence to hygiene of the body and intimate area (including untimely change of underwear). Catheterization or other urological manipulations in which the doctor did not follow the rules of asepsis predispose to the development of urethritis in men.

Symptoms

Signs of inflammation of the urethra resemble the course of prostatitis and cystitis (damage to the prostate gland, bladder). Therefore, after clarifying the patient's complaints, the doctor conducts differential diagnostics - excludes the presence of other pathologies.

The main clinical manifestations of urethritis:

Increase in body temperature (sometimes - to subfebrile marks)
Increased urge, with urine flowing drop by drop or in a sluggish stream
Soreness when urinating (especially pronounced at the beginning and end of the act)
Decreased libido, erectile dysfunction
The presence of blood in the urine, discoloration of urine, the appearance of sediment, a sharp, unpleasant odor
Discomfort in the lower back, sacrum, lower abdomen
Difficulty accepting a certain position
The appearance of discharge from the urethral canal. The secretion is characterized by an unpleasant odor, white color, curdled consistency

If the inflammatory process of the urinary tract has developed against the background of a fungal infection, painful cracks and erosion appear on the surface of the head of the penis. Sometimes there are so-called false desires - when urination does not occur. When this condition is accompanied by a sensation of hot air inside the urethra. Other symptoms of lesions of the urethra are weakness, lethargy, apathy, insomnia, problems with concentration. Dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, absence or significant weakening of appetite) are evidence of intoxication.

Non-infectious form

The development of inflammation of the urethra is facilitated by factors that are not associated with the activity of pathogens:

hypothermia
burns
irritation of the urethra with an improper diet (excessive amounts of salty, spicy, acidic foods)
abuse of caffeine, alcohol
congestion (prolonged abstinence from intimacy)

Other factors - allergy to detergents, intolerance to contraceptives, mechanical damage to the urethra. Also, non-infectious urethritis causes the wearing of overly tight synthetic underwear.

Infectious form

Inflammation of the urethra is associated with the penetration of pathogenic microflora into it. Predisposing factors - non-observance of personal hygiene, penetration of pathogens of venereal diseases into the urethra. A man may not be aware of the presence of a sexually transmitted infection. With an infectious lesion of the urethra, often recurring attacks of the disease draw attention. They are characterized by pain in the perineum, above the pubis; an increase in body temperature, an increase in the urge to urinate. The exacerbation of the pathology is due to the fact that the main (venereal) infection - chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis - is not eliminated.

Chronic urethritis

The disease takes a chronic course only in the absence of treatment for urethritis in the acute phase. Prolonged inflammation worsens more often 2 times every six months, negatively affects the state of potency. Erectile dysfunction, weakening of sexual desire destabilizes the psychological state of a man, causes depression. Sperm cells lose their viability, their number is significantly reduced. Since the composition of the ejaculate changes, the male reproductive capacity decreases - infertility occurs.

Which doctor to contact

Urethritis is treated by a urologist - this specialist is competent in eliminating diseases of the urinary system. Initially, it is important to establish the causal relationship of the pathology, to determine the factors that served the development of inflammation. If it turns out that the lesion of the urethra has arisen as a result of sexually transmitted infections, the patient is treated by a venereologist.

The doctor eliminates the underlying (venereal) disease, while stopping the urinary disorder. With a relationship between urethral lesions and digestive disorders (including dysbiosis), the disorder is treated by a gastroenterologist, with the participation of a urologist. With the development of urination disorder against the background of diabetes mellitus, the therapeutic program is drawn up and supervised by an endocrinologist. But the assistance of a urologist is also required - this specialist gives appointments to normalize urination.

The defeat of the urethra, which has arisen against the background of neurological disorders, is treated by a neurologist. In all other cases, the urologist stops the disorder. Depending on the specifics of the medical institution, it is possible that before contacting this doctor, you will need a referral from a therapist. Therefore, a man should initially visit a general practitioner. To voice him the symptoms and factors that preceded their appearance.

In private medical centers, you can immediately make an appointment with a urologist.

Diagnostics

Before treating urethral lesions, the presence of cystitis, prostatitis is excluded (in clinical manifestations, they are similar to inflammation of the urethra).

The following procedures are of diagnostic value:

Poll, inspection. The man lists the symptoms, specifies the events, factors that preceded the deterioration of health.
Laboratory diagnostics. A clinical, biochemical blood test, a general urine test is of value. A smear from the urethra reveals the nature of the pathogenic microflora. Bacteriological examination of urine is also aimed at determining the pathogen.
Hardware diagnostics. Ultrasound, MRI - research methods aimed at determining the spectrum of the inflammatory process.
Instrumental diagnostics. Ureteroscopy is an endoscopic examination of the urethra.

Additional diagnostic methods depend on the underlying disorder or factor against which the urethral lesion occurred. Obligatory stages of examination - blood test for HIV, RW.

Treatment

Elimination of the acute form of urethral inflammation takes up to 10 days (maximum duration - 2 weeks). It is more difficult to stop the chronic process (even with an integrated approach). To completely eliminate lingering urethritis and the complications that it characterizes, it takes up to 1 month. Sometimes longer - depending on the state of the man's urinary system at the time of the start of competent treatment.

The specialist draws up a therapeutic program that includes:

Making adjustments to the daily routine
Compliance with dietary food
Antibiotic therapy
Strengthening immunity

The greatest emphasis in therapy is on prescription drugs. Attempts to treat lesions of the urethra with folk remedies can lead to aggravation of well-being. Therefore, the appropriateness of herbal medicine should be discussed with your doctor. The main medications are presented in the table.

Pharmacological group of the drug	Drug, dosage, frequency of use, duration of the course	Purpose of Prescribing / Medication
Antibiotics	Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone. In each case - 1 g twice a day / m, with the obligatory observance of an interval of 12 hours. The duration of the course is up to 5 days, followed by a possible replacement with another antibiotic.	Elimination of bacterial microflora, relief of pain
Uroseptics	Furazolidone, Furadonin, Furagin (1-2 t. 3 rubles per day). The duration of the course is up to 10 days.	Stopping pathogenic microflora. The drugs of this group stain urine in a bright orange hue, which should not cause concern.
Sulfanilamide preparations	Biseptol, Sulfadimethoxin (2 g 2 rubles / day, with an interval of 12 hours). The duration of the course is up to 2 weeks.	Suppression of microbial activity, normalization of urine outflow
Antimycotics	Nystatin (1 t. 3 r. / Day, 10 days), Fluconazole (150 mg once, but in aggravated cases, an increase in dosage is possible)	Elimination of fungal microflora that causes damage to the genitals, and against the background of these pathologies - urethritis

Food involves the rejection of salty, sour, spicy foods, smoked meats, beer, strong alcoholic drinks, snacks, citrus fruits and canned foods. During treatment, you should observe sexual rest. If the dysfunction of the urethra is caused by sexually transmitted diseases, the partner is also treated at the same time.

Antibiotic therapy

Assumes injection of drugs to which the identified pathogen is sensitive. Possible side effects of antibiotic therapy are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness. Violation of the intestinal microflora leads to the development of diarrhea. In order to prevent indigestion, antibiotics are prescribed along with probiotics.

Antiseptics

The main representatives of this pharmacological group are Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, Miramistin. Any of these drugs are used to flush the urethra (local treatment). The active substances of antiseptics block the viability of pathogenic microflora, regardless of its origin. The duration of the course is 10 days.

Candles and ointments

An additional part of general purposes is the use of local drugs - rectal suppositories. The type of suppositories is prescribed taking into account the pathogenic microflora that caused the disease. Metronidazole has antibacterial properties, Indomethacin - general anti-inflammatory, Acyclovir - antiviral. The standard appointment involves the use of candles twice (morning and evening). Suppositories of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory group (Diclofenac, Meloxicam) relieve pain.

Strengthening the protective properties of the body is the primary task, since inflammation of the urethra develops against the background of a general weakening of the body. Antibiotics do not replace the action of immunomodulators - they are two unrelated groups of drugs. Immunomax, Ismigen, Immunoflazid are the most demanded representatives of this group. Thanks to strong immunity, the body overcomes bacterial, viral, fungal infections. Immunomodulators have a cumulative property, so interrupting the course is contraindicated.

Vitamin therapy

Assign B vitamins - thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, as well as complexes - Neurobeks, Neurobine, Pikovit. Saturation of tissues and blood with useful substances increases immunity, allows you to quickly cope with an infectious state. When a pathogenic process is already present in the body, it is more advisable to use drugs in the form of injections, rather than tablets. An additional source of vitamins is proper nutrition, which includes the use of greens, vegetables, fruits, protein products.

Complementary treatments

For a faster achievement of a positive result, physiotherapy procedures are recommended. Efficiency is characterized by UHF, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis, laser therapy. The duration of the course is up to 10 sessions, with chronic inflammation, 14 procedures can be prescribed. The purpose of physiotherapeutic manipulations is to suppress the infectious process, improve the blood supply to tissues.

Features of therapy

Treatment of the same disorder has several distinctive characteristics - depending on the causative agent of the pathology, the form of its development.

Type of urethritis	Its features	Necessary treatment
Allergic	It develops as a result of damage to allergens. Its function can be performed by a medicine, a product, a personal care product.	It is impossible to stop an allergic reaction without the use of antihistamines. These include Diazolin (½ table, 1 r. Per day), Suprastin (1 t. 3-4 r. / Day; 1 ml / m once). The drugs are responsible for stopping itching, irritation, edema of the walls of the urinary tract.
Rear	It is caused by inflammation of the prostate gland. Clinical manifestations of pathology - pain syndrome, dysuria, increased body temperature. Urine takes on a cloudy hue, often a specific sediment, stained with blood.	Assumes the appointment of antibiotic therapy. Treatment is carried out simultaneously with the elimination of prostatitis.
Herpetic	It is caused by the herpes virus, which is sexually transmitted. The infection comes from the partner.	You cannot get well without taking antiviral drugs. The herpetic process is not treated with antibiotics. Prescribe Acyclovir, immunomodulators. Active vitamin therapy is performed.

If antibiotic therapy is necessary, in no case is a specific drug prescribed until the results of urine culture are obtained.

Possible complications

Almost immediately, urethritis becomes the cause of cystitis - inflammation of the bladder. Especially if the length of the canal is short. The inflammatory process that has engulfed the urethra can move along the ureter to the kidneys, covering this paired organ, causing a number of symptoms. Men are more likely to develop glomerulonephritis. Inflammation of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys is a common cause of renal failure. A less likely complication is pyelonephritis.

Weakening of potency, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction are the consequences of the transition of the inflammatory process on the tissues of the prostate gland. Inflammation of the urethra often causes the transition of the process to the testicles and their epididymis. This leads to the development of orchitis or orchiepididymitis. If the lesion of the urethra is not treated, it takes a protracted course. It becomes a hotbed of infection in the body, worsens the state of immunity, exposes a man to the development of various pathologies.

Prevention

To avoid damage to the urethra by the inflammatory process, men will have to make adjustments to their lifestyle, nutrition, attitude to health. It is necessary:

Monitor hygiene, including the intimate side of it
Timely eliminate diseases, preventing their transition to a chronic form
Periodically undergo a blood test to determine glucose in it. Especially with a hereditary predisposition to the development of diabetes mellitus.
Avoiding long breaks between sexual intercourse
Use contraception when intimate with a new partner
Avoid hypothermia, always dress appropriately for the weather

It is equally important to use hypoallergenic, high-quality personal hygiene products. Such products do not cause dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, prevents the formation of cracks and irritation. A man should stop drinking alcohol, moderate the dosage of caffeine, and take a more thoughtful approach to the issue of nutrition. Reduce the consumption of salty, smoked, spicy, sour foods and foods.

Since urethritis often develops against the background and due to sexually transmitted infections, interruption of the course is not recommended in the treatment of such. Feeling a primary improvement in well-being, men stop taking prescribed medications. Reducing pain does not indicate elimination of inflammation - it means that the prescribed treatment is correct. In the future, interruption of the course becomes the cause of recurrence of urethritis.

Video: How to treat urethritis in men?

Anna Mironova

Reading time: 12 minutes

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A woman who suffers from urethritis can only be pitied. With this disease, life expectancy, of course, does not decrease, but the quality of life decreases so much that a woman does not want anything at all, except for recovery - no sex with her husband, no beautiful clothes, no delicious food. What kind of disease is this - urethritis? How does she manifest herself? And how to deal with it?

What is female urethritis?

This disease is inflammatory process in the urethra , manifests itself with pain and burning. Urethritis is often confused with, although the disease has different symptoms. With urethritis, the urethra can hurt without any connection with urination and constantly, with cystitis, the main symptom is pain in the very lower abdomen when urinating. It should be noted that diseases can occur simultaneously .

Chronic urethritis. Risk group

Such a diagnosis can be made to absolutely any woman. And the more factors conducive to the disease, the higher the chances of getting sick. Key factors:

Periodic or one-time hypothermia.
Violent intercourse, the onset of sexual activity (under certain concomitant conditions).
Wrong. The consequence of irritation of the urethra by substances that enter the urine from sour, salty, etc.
Violation of the microflora of the vagina (gynecological diseases).
Decreased local immunity.
Urolithiasis disease.
Medical interventions (for example, smears from the urethra, cystoscopy, etc.).
Toxic factors.

How does chronic urethritis develop in women?

Conditionally, the disease proceeds in three stages... Each of them can last for a very long time, and it is not a fact that one stage will flow into another.

First step.It is accompanied by periodic exacerbations of the disease, expressed in different ways. Such exacerbations rarely appear, pass quickly and do not bother much. They are removed with light antibiotics.
Second phase. Antibiotics are getting worse, the frequency of exacerbations increases. Pains are relieved only by powerful drugs. Life begins from exacerbation to exacerbation and going to doctors who find anything but urethritis.
Stage three. The woman is feeling worse and worse. Pain is felt constantly, antibiotics not only do not help, but even provoke an exacerbation. Fear of sex, cold and delicious food appears.

Chronic urethritis symptoms

In comparison with men, women have a shorter urethra, as a result of which urethritis manifests itself more weakly. That is why sometimes it is asymptomatic, and special attention is not paid to minor signs at all. The main symptoms are:

Purulent discharge from the urethra.
Itching, burning, and pain during urination.
Pain at rest.
Redness.

The danger of chronic urethritis for women's health, complications

There are not many complications of this disease.

The most serious thing is transition of the inflammatory process to a stage at which no treatment helpse .
The inflammation can spread to the bladder and provoke the development of cystitis which, in turn, can contribute to the development pyelonephritis .
Running urethritis is able to turn around deformation of the urethra and its narrowing.

Treatment of urethritis in a woman should be carried out by specialists such as gynecologist and urologist ... But only with the professionalism of doctors can a cure be achieved. Practice shows that the goals pursued by the two specialists lead to the fact that the disease remains untreated. Therefore, the best option is to visit urogynecologist ... There are few such specialists, but with them there are more chances for successful treatment. What are the main stages of treatment?

Restoration of the functional properties of the wall of the urethra.
Restoration of the natural microflora of the vagina.
Restoration of immunity.

Prevention of chronic urethritis

Based on exclusion (reduction) of factors that affect the violation of the vaginal microflora and reduce immunity:

Hypothermia.
Hormonal shifts.
Stress.
Irregular sex.
Sexual infections.
Disregard for hygiene.
Antibiotics
Chronic constipation.
Improper nutrition.
Sleep disorders.

It is clear that it is almost impossible to exclude these factors. Therefore, the best way out is regular examination and preventive treatment with minor symptoms.

Drugs for the treatment of chronic urethritis

The choice of the drug depends on the causes of the disease: antiseptics - for washing the urethra, treatment of the underlying disease, antibiotics - with urethritis of a non-infectious nature. The drugs are prescribed only by the attending physician.

Folk remedies for the treatment of urethritis in women

In addition to infusions and decoctions of medicinal plants, eat greens and parsley roots, cranberries with lingonberries, beets, celery and carrots.
With exacerbation of urethritis drug fees are taken for at least a month.
With additional courses collection of plants should be alternated with single plants.

Shown drinking plenty of fluids, strict diet , the categorical exclusion of alcohol and spicy foods, intake of methylene blue, antibacterial therapy.

The site warns: self-medication can harm your health! Use all the presented tips only after examination and on the recommendation of a doctor!

The most frequent patients of a urologist are men who seek treatment for urethritis. The disease manifests itself at any age, and passes with severe symptoms.

Severe itching and cramps during urination do not allow a man to wait out a relapse without going to the doctor.

If the acute form of the disease is not treated, then the inflammatory process will spread to the prostate gland and testicles, which will bring with it even more painful processes.

What is urethritis in men?

Urethritis in women and men proceeds differently. If the disease in the female body is almost asymptomatic due to the anatomical features of the urinary tract, then men suffer from this disease more. Male urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra caused by a variety of causes. The most common among them is any sexually transmitted disease that promotes inflammation.

After getting into the urethra of pathogenic microbes, within a few hours there is increased fatigue, weakness, preceding the main symptoms of urethritis. Urethritis also has a non-infectious origin, but rarely. Factors in such cases are allergic reactions, trauma to the genitals, metabolic disorders or poor nutrition.

Urethritis in men can negatively affect reproductive function and lead to a serious violation of the functionality of the genitourinary system. Therefore, the identification of signs that indicate the onset of an inflammatory process in the urethra is an indicator of going to a doctor for advice for an examination and complex treatment.

Symptoms and signs of urethral inflammation

The first symptoms of urethritis in a man appear, depending on the incubation period of the pathogen, from several hours (allergic) to several years (tuberculosis). The most typical of all types of urethritis are the following symptoms:

Burning, itching, pain when urinating.
Purulent discharge.
Frequent urination.

Hyperemia or high fever with urethritis, as a rule, is not observed. Allocations depend on the pathogen and are of a different nature. Often this discharge is green or white with an unpleasant odor, which appears in the morning and forms yellow crusts on the penis. With inflammation of the urethra, redness and adhesion of the external opening, pain in the lower abdomen, cloudy urine can be observed.

Causes of occurrence

Urethritis in a man can be triggered by several reasons. As already mentioned, sexually transmitted diseases are the most common. But inflammation of the urethra can occur if a man ignores the rules of personal hygiene, because dirt quickly collects on the genitals and pathogenic bacteria multiply.

E. coli, which remains on the surface of the intimate zone after bowel movement, very actively increases its population on the skin. When it gets deep into the urethra, signs of urethritis develop immediately. Pathogenic microbes that infect the urethra include:

staphylococci;
streptococci;
colibacillus.

Urolithiasis can also cause urethritis. Kidney stones, under certain conditions, can end up in the man's urethra, causing inflammation. Medical interventions also often cause inflammation, since microscopic abrasions very quickly become infected with an infection in the body, and then become inflamed.

Diagnostics - what tests to take?

The presence of any of the above symptoms is a reason for a visit to a urologist, who must make a diagnosis based on laboratory and clinical data.

During the initial examination, the doctor examines the discharge from the urethra by pressing, examines the swelling and redness of the urethral sponges, feels how painful and thickened the urethra is and whether the inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged.

Each patient with suspected urethritis is examined for HIV infection and syphilis, and is also sent for the following tests:

Urogenital smear.
Culture from the urethra for sensitivity to antibiotics.
PCR studies to identify the causative agents of urethritis.
General urine analysis.
Three-glass urine sample.
Ureteroscopy.
General blood analysis.
Blood biochemistry.
Rheumatic tests, if urethritis appears after a sore throat.

How to treat urethritis in men - drugs

The diet should also be followed, excluding spicy, salty, pickled, fried, spicy foods.

Drinking alcohol is strictly prohibited, and drinking water must be consumed daily at least 2 liters to improve metabolism and speedy recovery.

Antibiotics

It is impossible to cure urethritis without antibiotics. The type of medicine, dosage and treatment regimen for urethritis is determined by the doctor, depending on the causative agent of the disease and on the basis of the type of pathology. General antibiotics for urethritis are not prescribed, since each microorganism has its own sensitivity to drugs.

For the treatment of gonococcal urethritis, antibiotics such as "Azithromycin", "Cefipmaxone" are prescribed.
For the treatment of Trichomonas urethritis, "Trinidazole", "Metronidazole" are more suitable.

Antiseptics

An excellent analgesic effect is given by antiseptic drugs, which are not only prescribed in the form of oral pills.

For example, "Chlorhexidine" for urethritis is prescribed not only for external use, but also for washing the bladder.

Effective antiseptic drugs include: "Miramistin", "Furacilin".

Ointments and candles

In the complex of antibacterial therapy, local preparations are used (ointments and suppositories), which accelerate the healing process.

For example, Acyclovir antiviral ointment will be effective in treating viral urethritis caused by herpes.

Rectal suppositories in their effectiveness are equal to injections, so urologists often prescribe them for the treatment of various types of urethritis in men: Metronidazole, Hexicon, Indomethacin, Tsifran.

Immunomodulators

These are substances that affect the functioning of the human immune system. It is known that the higher the immunity, the faster the recovery will come. Immunomodulators are mandatory drugs for the treatment of urethritis in men. They are prescribed in addition to antibiotics so that they do not suppress the immune system.

Effective drugs of domestic production: Timalin, Mielopid.

Vitamins

During the treatment of urethritis, the deficiency of vitamins in the body needs to be replenished, therefore doctors prescribe multivitamin complexes with vitamins A, E in complex therapy,

C, D and minerals. The correct diet can make up for the lack of some vitamins, but not fully. For example, vitamin A is found in the form of esters in animal products, so with a strict diet, its reserves cannot be replenished at the required rates.

Popular vitamin complexes for urethritis: "Bio-max", "Pikovit Forte".

Treatment of urethritis with folk remedies

It is impossible to cure urethritis by folk methods alone. But decoctions and herbal tinctures will help alleviate the condition. We offer several popular recipes that will help with chronic urethritis and will be an excellent prevention of relapse:

Infusion of black currant leaves... An excellent substitute for a vitamin complex and an antiseptic. Take 30 g. Pour a glass of boiling water over dry leaves, leave for one hour, then strain. Drink three times a day before meals (15 minutes). If possible, eat fresh black currants. The duration of admission is not limited.
Infusion of oak bark... It will help relieve burning sensation and pain when urinating. Brew a tablespoon of oak bark with boiling water (1 glass), leave for three hours. The resulting product should be drunk at 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day before meals in a warm state. Also, the infusion is used for men in the form of baths or lotions.
Infusion of cornflower flowers... Pour boiling water over one teaspoon of dried cornflower flowers, leave for an hour, then use 2 tbsp. l. before meals 3 times / day until the natural microflora is restored and the inflammatory process passes.

Complications

Treatment of the disease urethritis in men is mandatory, because ignoring the inflammatory process can lead to damage not only to the urethra, but also to the scrotum, testicles, and prostate gland. Urethritis is difficult to treat, but diseases of the reproductive system can lead to inability to bear children, and such processes are often irreversible.

In men, a complication of urethritis can lead to: prostatitis, funiculitis, seminal vesicles, the formation of epidirmitis or orchitis.

Chronic desquamative urethritis can lead to keratinization of the epithelium, and staphylococcal pathology to a more complex consequence of urethritis - narrowing of the urethra, which occurs due to scarring of the mucosal tissue. Such a disease leads to a violation of the outflow of urine, throwing it into the kidneys with the formation of renal failure and pyelonephritis.

Types of male urethritis

Male urethritis is classified into several types and types. It can be infectious and non-infectious, primary and secondary, that is, it gets from already infected organs into the urethra. The classification of urethritis in men is also carried out according to its characteristics (types of pathogen).

See also: Oxalate stones and sand in the kidneys: causes of formation, how to remove

Urethritis in men - causes, symptoms and treatment

Urethritis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the urinary tract. It is diagnosed equally in women and men. You can get urethritis at any age. Pathology can be infectious or non-infectious. Urethritis in men must be treated immediately after the onset of negative symptoms in order to avoid dangerous complications.

Classification

According to the characteristics of the course of urethritis in men, there are 2 types:

primary - develops in the urethra;
secondary - the infection enters the urethra from another focus of inflammation.

Depending on the infectious agent, the disease is divided into 2 types:

specific;
non-specific.

Specific urethritis is caused by viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Nonspecific urethritis in men is provoked by streptococci, staphylococci and Escherichia coli. Pathology occurs with disorders of the digestive system or against the background of a cold. Mixed urethritis is caused by a tubercle bacillus.

According to the localization of the inflammatory process in the urethra, urethritis is of 3 types:

front;
rear;
total.

Depending on the type of pathogen, urethritis is of several types:

trichomonas;
candidal;
gonorrheal;
non-gonorrheal;
herpetic.

In rare cases, there are such types of urethritis as torpid, ureaplasma, congestive and desquamative.

Causes of occurrence

Urethritis occurs against the background of the following reasons:

hypothermia of the body;
urolithiasis disease;
cystoscopy;
catheterization;
allergic reactions;
prostatitis;
pyelonephritis;
cystitis;
chronic infectious foci in the body;
congestion in the small pelvis;
non-observance of the rules of personal hygiene;
decreased immunity against the background of stress, unbalanced nutrition, bad habits and vitamin deficiency.

The most common reason for the development of urethritis is considered a frequent change of partners and promiscuous sex life.

With unprotected intercourse, gonococci, herpes virus, ureaplasma, chlamydia, streptococci, gardnerella and papillomas can enter the urethra. The danger of infectious urethritis lies in the fact that the disease has a latent incubation period.

Its duration ranges from 3 days to several weeks. A man does not know about his illness, so he can infect other partners.

Important!The disease becomes chronic with a weakened immune system, the spread of infection to other organs and untreated acute urethritis.

Nonspecific urethritis occurs due to the following reasons:

inflammatory chronic pathologies;
metabolic disorder in the body;
frequent consumption of marinades, salty and spicy foods, alcoholic beverages;
congestive urethritis;
intoxication of the body;
physical and emotional stress.

Symptoms

Acute urethritis in men is characterized by several symptoms:

yellow-green purulent discharge from the urethra;
increased body temperature;
frequent urge to urinate;
itching and burning;
sharp pain;
swelling of the urethra;
blood at the end of urination.

Subacute urethritis is accompanied by a decrease or complete disappearance of discharge. Sometimes they are observed in the morning in the form of crusts from the urethra, gluing the external opening of the urethra.

In chronic urethritis, a man complains of neurotic phenomena. At the same time, discharge from the urethra increases with the use of alcoholic beverages, sexual arousal or hypothermia. Also, the chronic form is characterized by severe pain, burning and itching.

Note!If a man has total urethritis, then the inflammatory process extends to the entire urethra. The symptoms of the disease are similar to the clinical picture of prostatitis.

Trichomonas urethritis in men causes pain in the groin area, itching and burning. In the acute form, the patient is disturbed by bleeding in the semen and frequent nighttime urination.

With a sluggish disease, the patient may notice signs of urethritis after intercourse - mucous discharge and sudden pain in the groin area.

In some cases, patients prone to allergic reactions have a rash on the penis.

With candidal urethritis in men, pain and burning sensation appear when urinating. 10-12 hours after infection, the patient may notice discharge with an unpleasant odor. He also begins to worry about frequent urge to use the toilet. If you do not start treatment for candidal urethritis, then diseases such as cystitis, balanitis and balanoposthitis may join.

Gonorrheal urethritis in men usually appears after 7 days. If the posterior part of the urethra is damaged, the patient's body temperature rises, there is severe pain and burning sensation in the canal. There are purulent formations in the urine, it becomes cloudy. With a prolonged course of the disease, minor bleeding may occur.

Chlamydial urethritis in men is accompanied by pain when urinating, itching of the genitals, edema of the glans penis, and redness. Also, the patient may have pain and swelling of the testicles, white or yellow discharge appears, and urination becomes more frequent.

Diagnostics

To detect urethritis, you should undergo a comprehensive examination, including a general and bacteriological analysis of urine, a blood test and scraping from the urethra. Additionally, an ultrasound examination of the bladder and kidneys may be required. With it, the doctor will be able to detect infections on these organs. In a chronic process, urethrography is necessary.

Effective drugs for urethritis in men

The doctor selects the treatment regimen for urethritis after bacteriological examination. Antibiotics in the form of pills and injections are often included in the course of treatment. They depend on the type of disease:

Nonspecific urethritis - the doctor prescribes antibacterial drugs such as Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Doxycycline and Ceftriaxone.
Specific urethritis - Oletetrin, Rifampicin, Spiramycin and Cefodizim.
Candidal urethritis - Amphotericin, Nystatin and Levorin.
Trichomonas form - Nitazol, Metronidazole and Trichomonasid. The last drug is injected into the patient's urethra. I repeat the procedure regularly for 5-6 days.
Gonorrheal - Metronidazole, Natamycin, Chlorhexidine, Fusidine and Tinidazole.
Chlamydial – Azithromycin, Doxycycline and Levomycetin. If the disease has become chronic, then in combination with antibiotics, bougienage of the urethra is performed.
Mycoplasmosis - Tetracycline.
The herpesvirus form of pathology is Acyclovir, Penciclovir and Ribavirin.

Chronic urethritis requires the introduction of an antibacterial drug into the urethra. Also, the treatment is supplemented with medications containing adrenal hormones: Dexamethasone and Prednisolone.

Outside the stage of exacerbation, it is effective to carry out physiotherapy - laser therapy, electrophoresis, ultrasound exposure and magnetotherapy.

Note! During the treatment of urethritis, you should give up sex and alcohol. You need to eat well and maintain water balance. After eliminating the acute process, it is effective to use antiseptic ointments.

In addition, the patient should limit the consumption of smoked meats, marinades, fatty and spicy foods, carbonated drinks.

How to cure urethritis with folk remedies

In combination with medicines, it is useful to use folk remedies for urethritis. They support the immune system, relieve inflammation and other acute symptoms of the disease. The most popular traditional medicines include the following:

See also: Cholangitis (inflammation of the bile ducts): symptoms and prevention of the disease

Complications

If urethritis is not treated, then it can lead to such serious complications:

kidney inflammation;
cystitis;
prostatitis;
inflammatory process in the testicles;
balanoposthitis.

Prostatitis often causes various pathologies of the reproductive system, provoking sexual dysfunction and infertility. In the absence of treatment for gonococcal urethritis in a man, there is a lesion of the joints, organs of the genitourinary system and irreversible processes in the urethra.

Prevention

To prevent urethritis in men, doctors recommend following a number of rules:

Avoid mechanical damage to the penis and hypothermia.
Do not have promiscuous sex.
Treat inflammatory and infectious diseases in a timely manner.
Use contraceptives with intimate proximity.
Do not tolerate the urge to urinate.
Do not neglect the rules of personal hygiene.
Improve immunity by taking vitamin and mineral complexes.
Get hardened and play sports.
Avoid severe stress and emotional stress.
Stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.
Eat a balanced diet, reducing the intake of spicy and fatty foods.

Urethritis in men - signs of inflammation, how to cure with medication and folk remedies

Men of different ages who are faced with urethritis often turn to the urologist.

This disease is manifested by severe symptoms in the form of cramps and burning sensation during urination, which brings discomfort.

If untreated, the acute form of the disease can turn into a chronic one, which will give serious complications to the male genitourinary system. Learn about the types and principles of treatment for urethritis.

Inflammation of the urethra in men is urethritis. The urethra is understood as the urinary canal in the form of a thin hollow tube with a bend, the length of which is 16-24 cm and the width is up to 8 mm.

Pathogenic microbes, viruses or fungi are able to settle in the walls of this duct and cause an inflammatory process on its mucous membrane.

Pathology is more common in men who are sexually active, neglecting barrier contraceptives.

Due to the special structure of the male urethra, the pathogenic microflora multiplies rapidly. This leads to edema of the mucous membrane, delayed outflow of urine, and complications are acute pain, intoxication. Urethritis is manifested by severe pain, accompanied by the spread of infection up the genitourinary organs in the absence of treatment.

A specific inflammatory process in the urethra is caused by genital infections.It affects young men who often change sexual partners or practice sex without using a condom. The main causative agents of specific urethritis are Trichomonas, Candida fungi, mycoplasma, gonococcus, chlamydia. Other causes of the disease:

severe hypothermia - leads to acute inflammation, exacerbates chronic pathology;
urolithiasis - injury to the mucous membrane of the urethra when moving sand or stones;
catheterization, cystoscopy - diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that can cause complications;
allergic reactions - inflammation against the background of penetration of foreign agents into the body;
cystitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis - inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system of men;
chronic foci of infection in the body;
congestion in the pelvic organs;
Disregard for personal hygiene;
weakening of immunity against the background of stress, psycho-emotional stress, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency or hypovitaminosis, bad habits.

Microbes cause nonspecific urethritis: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus aureus. The disease takes a chronic form as a result of:

weakness of the immune system;
the spread of pathology to other organs;
incorrect or incomplete treatment of acute urethritis.

Types

There are several types of disease classification, depending on various factors. Known species:

According to the infectious agent - specific and nonspecific urethritis in men. The first type is caused by bacterial (including gonorrheal), viral, fungal pathogens. Nonspecific urethritis is a purulent inflammation, the development of which is promoted by staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli. The disease develops against the background of a cold, problems with the gastrointestinal tract. Mixed urethritis can cause tubercle bacillus.
In the course of the disease - chronic and acute urethritis in men. The latter is characterized by sharp pain, severe itching and burning. The chronic process starts with improper treatment or its absence, its symptoms are not pronounced, but it is more dangerous.
According to the characteristics of the course - primary and secondary urethritis. The primary is formed in the urethra, while the secondary infectious agent enters the urethra from another inflammatory focus.
According to the localization of inflammation on the wall of the urethra - total, anterior, posterior.

Signs of urethritis in men differ depending on the nature of the inflammation.In the chronic type of the disease, the swelling of the urethra passes, the discharge becomes smaller in volume.

In the absence of therapy, bacterial strains will penetrate the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, leading to the development of prostatitis, epididymitis, vesiculitis and other complications.

The acute course is characterized by symptoms:

copious purulent discharge from the urethra, yellow-green;
subfebrile condition - persistent increase in body temperature;
increased urge to urinate;
swelling of the urethra;
itching, burning, sharp pain;
bloody discharge at the end of urination.

Diagnostics

Suspecting signs of urethritis in himself, a man should contact a urologist for advice and tests. The doctor takes into account complaints, examines the genitals, studies the causes of the disease.

In laboratory diagnostics, bacterial culture is performed from the urogenital tract. This helps to identify the type of microbes that are causing the disease.

Using the PCR method (polymerase chain reaction), the pathogen is quickly and accurately determined from a urological smear.

A man takes a urine and blood test to determine the level of urinary tract damage, rheumatic tests are taken. Urethral smear microscopy is performed to examine the material at the cellular level.

From instrumental methods, urethroscopy is used, which is carried out after the weakening of the acute process to examine the walls of the urethra. It is possible to carry out ultrasound diagnostics to visualize the bladder, prostate, and kidneys.

In a chronic process, urethrography is performed - an X-ray examination of the urethra after the introduction of a radiopaque substance into it.

Treatment of urethritis in men

Most cases of diseases are successfully treated at home, but a man will have to visit a hospital to undergo some therapeutic procedures. Only severe forms of the disease require hospitalization of the patient. Urethritis treatment principles:

refusal to have sex during therapy;
water balance, drinking plenty of fluids;
refusal from alcohol;
antibiotic therapy;
immunotherapy agents;
local treatment after the acute process subsides (instillation (introduction) of medicines into the urethra itself, the use of ointments);
correction of nutrition: refusal from fatty, fried, spicy, smoked, pickled, salty foods, carbonated drinks;
hypothermia, stress should be avoided.

Medicine for urethritis in men is prescribed only by the attending physician after bacteriological examination and determination of the pathogen. The wrong choice of the drug can cause complications. Antibiotics are often used in the form of tablets, injections, suppositories:

For nonspecific urethritis - Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Tetracycline, Ceftriaxone, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides.
For specific inflammation of the urethra - Spiramycin, Oletetrin, Doxycycline, Cefodizim, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Rifampicin, Spectinomycin.
With gonorrhea - Miramistin, Natamycin, Nitazol, Chlorhexidine, Tinidazole, Tsidipol, Metronidazole, Furazolidone, Cefaclor, Fuzidin, Spiramycin.
For candidal urethritis - Amphotericin, Levorin, Clotrimazole, Nystatin.
With chlamydia - fluoroquinolones, Doxycycline, Levomycetin, Azithromycin.
In Trichomonas form - Metronidazole, Nitazol, Trichomonacid. The last drug is injected into the urethra. A 1% solution is used. The procedure is carried out every day for 5-6 days.
With mycoplasmosis - Tetracycline.
With the herpesvirus form of the disease - Penciclovir, Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Ribavirin.

Chronic gonorrheal urethritis requires the introduction of an antibiotic solution into the urethra. The therapy is supplemented by taking drugs based on adrenal hormones (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone).

The therapy can be supplemented by washing the urethra with antiseptics, prescribing immunostimulants (Timalin, Mielopid), multivitamins (the emphasis is on vitamins A and E).

Physiotherapy is used outside the exacerbation stage - magnetotherapy, electrophoresis, laser exposure, treatment with ultra-high-frequency pulses are carried out.

ethnoscience

To maintain immunity, fight the inflammatory process, and alleviate the acute symptoms of urethritis, you can use some methods of traditional medicine. You can use them after consulting your doctor. The most popular ones are:

It is necessary to chop fresh parsley leaves, pour a tablespoon of raw materials with 500 ml of boiling water, leave for several hours under a lid, filter. In case of exacerbation, it is required to take a mixture of 50 ml every two hours.
For a glass of boiling water, you need to take a teaspoon of crushed yellow zelenchuk (it has antiseptic and antimicrobial properties). It will take 15-20 minutes to infuse the mixture, then they drink it warm instead of tea during the day. Currant leaves are well suited as a replacement for zelenchuk.
Decoction of oak bark. It is used for purulent discharge, edema, itching. It has an astringent and antiseptic effect. A tablespoon of raw materials must be brewed with a glass of boiling water, infused for half an hour, filtered. The tool is used to flush the urethra.
Cornflower infusion will restore the balance of microflora, destroy pathogenic microorganisms. You need to brew a tablespoon of flowers with a glass of boiling water, leave for an hour, strain. You need to take a mixture of 50 ml before each meal.

Complication of male urethritis

If the disease is not treated or is not treated enough, this can lead to further development of the inflammatory process. From the focus of chronic infection, pathogens will enter other organs and tissues, cause:

pyelonferitis (kidney inflammation);
cystitis (inflammation of the bladder);
orchitis (inflammation of the testicles);
prostatitis;
balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans and foreskin of the penis).

Inflammation of the prostate gland (prostatitis) can lead to diseases of the reproductive system, lead to sexual dysfunction and infertility. If you do not treat gonococcal urethritis, accompanied by stagnation in the urethra, this will result in complex damage to the joints, organs of the urinary system, irreversible damage to the urethra.

To minimize the risk of urethritis, men need to follow certain rules. Preventive measures:

avoid injury to the penis;
observe water balance;
avoid frequent change of sexual partners, promiscuous sex;
promptly treat any infectious and inflammatory diseases;
avoid hypothermia;
observe personal hygiene;
use barrier methods of contraception;
do not tolerate the urge to urinate, empty the bladder in time;
improve immunity, play sports, temper;
avoid stress, overexertion;
give up alcohol, smoking;
stick to proper nutrition.

Many patients, especially those with suspicion of gynecological, urological or venereal diseases, are often ashamed to admit to a stranger that they are worried, and they themselves are not able to understand which doctor they should turn to. The registry office of state polyclinics is not the most grateful listeners, and can send a patient with urethritis to any doctor who comes to hand, be it an andrologist, gynecologist or urologist. Which doctor treats urethritis, and which - other diseases, the patient has nowhere to find out. Therefore, in order not to sit for hours in line to the wrong specialist, you should know who is treating what diseases, and in case of urethritis, which doctor to go to.

Urethritis is an inflammatory process (caused by trauma, a virus or microflora) in the urethra, which means that it is treated by the doctor who deals with the urethra. Sounds logical, right? An andrologist treats organs such as the epididymis, penis, urethra, prostate, urethra, bladder, ureter and kidneys in men.

A gynecologist should help a woman with any diseases that may arise in the genital area and affect her health and reproductive abilities in the future?

So what happens? If you have an infection and you are a woman, then you need to contact a gynecologist, and if a man, then an andrologist? What, then, does the urologist do? It is the urologist who is the doctor who treats urethritis. Why is he, and not the previously listed gynecologist and andrologist, because they examine the same organs and systems?

The fact is that a male and female doctor, first of all, examining the genitourinary system, looks for the causes of infertility, sexual dysfunctions, pathologies, STDs, endocrine diseases and signs of malignant tumors. The urologist is interested in inflammation of the internal and external genital organs, urethra, bladder, kidneys, urolithiasis and opportunistic microflora.

Since urethritis is precisely an inflammation of the urethra, then with its manifestations, such as pain and cramps during urination, groin pains, abundant or scanty discharge, not associated with genital infections, you should make an appointment with a urologist.

Now you know which doctor to consult if you suspect urethritis, and you will not get confused between three narrowly specialized specialists.

Discharge with urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra in men and women is called urethritis. This disease has two main manifestations: discharge ...

There are many reasons for the development of urethritis. All pathologies are subdivided into specific and non-specific. The latter are provoked by pathogens of opportunistic flora or pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci.

Specific types of inflammation are caused by a specific, often venereal, pathogen. As the statistics of doctor visits show, most often the infection occurs under the influence of E. coli, gonorrheal diplococci, chlamydia, Trichomonas and other STDs.

The clinic of urethritis in men and women is approximately the same and it is easy to recognize it. However, if you cannot decide which doctor to contact with the existing symptoms, then it is better to go to a generalist - a therapist.

Signs of an inflammatory process in the urethra:

pain during urination;
burning sensation in the urethra;
redness and swelling at the site of the lesion;
itching in the urethra;
increased temperature (more often subfebrile condition);
purulent discharge from the urethra (the specific nature depends on the pathogen).

How to treat urethritis in men - drugs

Before starting treatment, the doctor warns that during the therapy of urethritis, sexual intercourse, oral sex, and masturbation are completely prohibited. If the disease is caused by a genital infection, then the treatment of the sexual partner is mandatory. The diet should also be followed, excluding spicy, salty, pickled, fried, spicy foods. Drinking alcohol is strictly prohibited, and drinking water must be consumed daily at least 2 liters to improve metabolism and speedy recovery.

Antibiotics

For the treatment of gonococcal urethritis, antibiotics such as "Azithromycin", "Cefipmaxone" are prescribed.
For the treatment of Trichomonas urethritis, "Trinidazole", "Metronidazole" are more suitable.

Antiseptics

Effective antiseptic drugs include: "Miramistin", "Furacilin".

Ointments and candles

In the complex of antibacterial therapy, local preparations are used (ointments and suppositories), which accelerate the healing process. For example, Acyclovir antiviral ointment will be effective in treating viral urethritis caused by herpes. Rectal suppositories in their effectiveness are equal to injections, so urologists often prescribe them for the treatment of various types of urethritis in men: Metronidazole, Hexicon, Indomethacin, Tsifran.

Immunomodulators

Effective drugs of domestic production: Timalin, Mielopid.

Vitamins

During the treatment of urethritis, the deficiency of vitamins in the body needs to be replenished, therefore doctors prescribe multivitamin complexes with vitamins A, E in complex therapy,

Popular vitamin complexes for urethritis: "Bio-max", "Pikovit Forte".

Possible complications

Due to the development of urethritis, a woman may experience:

Endometritis (damage to the inner layer of the uterus)
Colpitis (inflammation of the vagina)
Adnexitis (defeat of the uterine appendages)
Cystitis (inflammation of the bladder)
Pyelonephritis (an infectious lesion of the calyx-pelvic system)

Acute urethritis is dangerous by the transition to a chronic form. Then periods of exacerbation occur at least twice a year. Chronic urethritis is the cause of a decrease in the body's immune abilities. With both forms of urethral pathology, sexual function is weakened due to inflammation and a decrease in libido.

Diagnostics

To get adequate treatment, prescribe the right drugs for the treatment of urethritis and prevent the transition of this disease to a more severe form, you will need a full diagnosis. The examination should take place in full: the patient will have to undergo both the laboratory part and the instrumental part. But this event always begins with a survey and inspection. Then the combination of all the listed points will allow you to recreate the exact clinical picture, understand the existing problem, and begin to eliminate the pathology.

1. Interview and inspection. First, a gynecologist, then a urologist. In previous years, this diagnostic procedure was not relevant. According to the current standards of the health care system, a woman's complaints of pain in the pelvic organs or in the lower back require a preliminary assessment by a gynecologist. This tactic is explained by the similarity of the manifestations of the existing pathologies. For example, cystitis can present with the same pain when urinating as gonorrhea, and pain in the genitals is often caused by vulvitis, but not by urethritis. Having received the conclusion of the examination of a female doctor (who, in the presence of urethritis, will exclude the pathology of her profile of activity), the woman is sent to the urologist.

2. Laboratory diagnostics. Tests for urethritis involve the study of a urine sample (general analysis), blood from a vein and a finger. A clinical blood test (preferably a detailed formula) in the presence of urethritis will show leukocytosis - an increased content of white blood cells in the blood. Similar results will be found in a urine sample - leukocytes sometimes occupy the entire field of vision of a laboratory assistant - that is, the inflammation is in an acute stage, which requires immediate therapeutic action. A biochemical blood test will determine the content of urea, sugar, prothrombin index (these indicators are especially important if urethritis has arisen as a result of surgery).

The doctor prescribes other types of laboratory tests in accordance with the assumptions about the development of the disease, the spectrum of its lesion at the time of the patient's admission to the hospital. For example, if a specialist suspects that urethritis has spread to the tissue of the bladder or is involved in the inflammatory process of the kidney (pyelonephritis), then one of the purposes will be a blood test for creatinine, determination of the functional ability of the kidneys thanks to the Zimnitsky test.

It is important to note! Antibiotics for urethritis are not prescribed until data from the bacteriological analysis of urine are obtained. This study helps to determine in a laboratory which pathogenic microorganism caused the development of inflammation. Taking into account the specific pathogen, a medication is prescribed. Otherwise, the prescription of an antimicrobial agent is considered incorrect (if antibiotic therapy was started without prior urine culture).

If the previously indicated diagnostic measures are clear to everyone, then not every woman has encountered a urine culture for bacteriological examination. The procedure is as follows:

1. All actions are carried out by a nurse - the presence or participation of a doctor is not required. All consumables and the necessary tools are prepared in advance: tweezers (or a clamp), a catheter for urination, a sterile jar, a tray, napkins (they are made of gauze), sterile cotton balls, glycerin, an antiseptic solution (usually Chlorhexidine). All stages are carried out in disposable gloves.

2. In the dressing room of the urological department, the patient is placed on a couch (the surface of the equipment is preliminarily covered with a diaper). The woman is located on her back, legs are bent at the knees and spread apart.

3. Despite the fulfillment of the request to come to the procedure after the intimate hygiene, the nurse additionally processes not only the external, but also the internal genital organs with an antiseptic solution. This drug is used to treat the genitals and urethra.

4. After moistening the end of the catheter with glycerin, it is introduced into the woman's urethra.

5. Urine, which will be released immediately after the catheter enters the urethra, is collected in a sterile container and sent to the laboratory for examination.

6. Re-treat the canal and genitals, then the woman can dress.

The research response is received at least three days later (depending on the workload of laboratory technicians).

Also, ultrasound is prescribed - the most informative type of diagnosis, which will determine not only the fact of canal inflammation, but also the spectrum of the lesion. It will establish whether nearby organs and structures are involved in the pathological process.

The reasons

Most often, the disease becomes chronic after incorrect or ineffective treatment of acute urethritis. Cause the problem:

gonocock;
chlamydia;
trichomonas;
ureaplasma ;;
congestion in the small pelvis.

All men are at risk for chronic urethritis.

It is difficult to cope with urethritis on your own. An integrated approach is important, taking into account the causes and symptoms. Chronic urethritis is treated by:

The specialist must determine how common the pathology is, whether there are any associated diseases. To do this, he:

conducts a physical examination;
collects anamnesis;
analyzes complaints;
collects discharge from the urethra and directs the biomaterial for sowing.

If no discharge is observed, then the first portion of urine from a three-glass sample must be passed to the laboratory. You may also need a blood test for STIs, light microscopy of a smear, palpation of the prostate.

In chronic urethritis in men, symptoms largely dictate treatment. First you need to save the patient from discomfort, then act on the main cause of the development of the disease.

Symptoms of urethritis in women

Depending on the nature of the course, the disease may have its own symptoms. Sometimes the ailment can go away without symptoms at all, so the woman does not even suspect that she is sick.

Acute urethritis - features of manifestation

A kind of exacerbation is diagnosed at the very peak of the disease, as soon as the disease began to manifest itself aggressively. It is always accompanied by severe symptoms:

severe pain and burning during urination;
profuse discharge with urethritis;
the mucous membrane turns red and swells;
purulent discharge appears;
frequent urge to urinate;
pain in the urethra;
the level of body temperature rises;
on completion of urination, drops of blood appear.

During such acute manifestations of the disease, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor. If you do not start timely treatment, then urethritis will become chronic.

Subacute urethritis - symptoms

This form of infection is characterized by a decrease in acute symptoms. Painful sensations in the urethra gradually subside. Allocations become scarce, or even stop altogether. In some cases, a woman in the morning can observe specific discharge in the form of crusts. The urine acquires a natural shade, the turbidity disappears, however, purulent filaments are observed.

Chronic urethritis in women and its signs

The chronic form develops if the patient did not undergo any treatment at all, or an inappropriate therapy was selected for him.

Relapse is caused by hypothermia or excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. Under the influence of harmful effects, all the symptoms of acute infection gradually return. Urethritis heals for a very long time, it can take months or even years to recover. If the patient conscientiously fulfills all the doctor's recommendations, then recovery will certainly come.

Urethritis can also develop during pregnancy. This is due to hormonal disruption in the body. At the first sign, you need to see a doctor. The specialist will fully assess the condition of women and select qualified treatment.

How to cure urethritis in pregnant and lactating women?

Therapy for women in position and nursing mothers is selected especially carefully. If there are no urgent indications, then urethritis in this category of patients begins to be treated from 12 weeks pregnant.

Drugs approved for use in pregnant women and during breastfeeding:

Trichopolus. Candles, pills - what to choose, the doctor will decide. Antiviral drug, prescribed in a dosage of 1 tablet twice a day;
Miramistin. Dosage: two "zips" three times a day;
Terzhinan. Combined drug based on Nystatin, Clotrimazole;
Kanephron. A plant-based drug that improves kidney function, reduces inflammation, has an antispasmodic effect. Take 1 tablet three times a day.

IN difficult cases resort to the appointment of antibiotics. Usually it is Metronidazole, Ceftriaxone, Erythromycin.

Treatment

Before prescribing certain drugs for the treatment of urethritis in men, the doctor will draw the patient's attention to the fact that sex must be completely excluded for the entire period of therapy. This applies not only to classic sexual intercourse, but also to oral sex and even masturbation. If an infection that can be transmitted sexually has led to the development of the disease, then the man's partner is also subject to compulsory treatment.

It is also important to follow a specific diet. During this period, spices, marinades, fatty, salty and spicy foods should be completely excluded from their diet. It is forbidden to consume alcoholic beverages. To speed up the healing process, you must follow the drinking regimen during treatment. At the same time, you need to drink at least 2 liters of clean water daily without gas.

Antibiotic therapy

The treatment regimen for urethritis is always based on the use of antibiotics, without which it is impossible to cure the disease. The name of the drug and its dosage should be determined by the doctor based on the test results. Each of the possible pathogens has its own sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, therefore, general antibiotics for urethritis are not suitable for treatment. The doctor may prescribe:

The gonococcal form of the disease responds well to treatment with "Azithromycin" or "Ceftriaxone".
The Trichomonas species are better affected by "Metronidazole" or "Trinidazole".
"Monural" with urethritis is considered the most effective if the disease is of an infectious type or a purulent form of pathology is diagnosed.

Azithromycin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic used for infectious and inflammatory diseases. Price in pharmacies from 32 rubles

Antiseptics

To reduce painful sensations, men are prescribed antiseptic drugs. It can be both medicines in the form of tablets and local remedies such as Furacilin, Chlorhexidine or Miramistin.

Candles and ointments

Local preparations, which are used in combination with antibiotic therapy, help speed up the treatment process. Acyclovir ointment, which is prescribed for the treatment of viral urethritis, has a good antiviral effect.

Rectal suppositories are comparable in effectiveness to injections. Therefore, the course of treatment is often supplemented with suppositories "Hexicon", "Tsifran", "Indomethacin" or "Metronidazole".

Immunomodulators

To restore the body's defenses, the urologist will prescribe immunomodulators to the patient. They are always included in the main course of treatment, since it is the decrease in immunity that is considered one of the main reasons for the development of the disease. They must be taken in addition to antibacterial drugs to support the immune system. The most effective remedies for treatment include: "Mielopid" or "Timalin".

An interesting report by Doctor of Medical Sciences Tatyana Germanovna Fedoskova on the topic "Immunomodulators in clinical practice: their role in anti-infectious therapy and prevention":

Vitamin therapy

During the treatment of urethritis, it is important for a man to eliminate the deficiency of vitamins and minerals. Therefore, the doctor may prescribe medications (multivitamin preparations with a high content of vitamins A, C, D and E ("Pikovit", "Bio-max", etc.). Balanced nutrition and enrichment of the diet with fresh fruits help to replenish the supply of vitamins in the body. and vegetables.

Folk remedies

It is important to understand that it is impossible to completely cure the disease with folk remedies. However, using them along with drug treatment helps to avoid relapse and speed up recovery. For this, decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs can be used, which can be prepared at home:

Infusion made from black currant leaves. Such a remedy has an antiseptic effect and helps to enrich the body with vitamins. For its preparation, 3 tablespoons of dried leaves are poured with 250 ml of boiling water and infused until completely cooled. After that, the infusion is filtered and taken 15 minutes before meals three times a day.
Broth from oak bark. This remedy eliminates the soreness and burning sensation that appear at the time of urination. For its preparation, 1 tablespoon of raw materials, 250 ml of boiling water is poured in and kept in a water bath for about 20 minutes. After cooling, the broth is filtered and taken in 1 tablespoon before each meal. You can also use the broth for sitz baths.
Infusion of cornflower. To prepare the infusion, 1 teaspoon of dried flowers is poured with 250 ml of boiling water and infused for at least 1 hour. After that, the agent is filtered and taken three times a day before meals, 2 tablespoons. The medicine helps to relieve inflammation and normalize microflora.

Watch a video about the treatment of the disease with folk remedies:

Complementary treatments

Along with drug therapy, physiotherapy is prescribed for the treatment of chronic urethritis. According to patient reviews, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis, laser therapy, UHF have a good effect. During the period of exacerbation, they are contraindicated.

Doctors Against Male Urethritis

Men are often afraid to go to the doctor with urethritis - they are frightened off by shame and fear of treatment. You need to overcome yourself and start the correct therapy as soon as possible, otherwise the disease will develop into a chronic form and cause more serious disorders. In advanced cases, male infertility, the development of prostate adenoma, and much more are possible. Thus, men for the treatment of urethritis need to consult doctors such as andrologists and urologists, and sometimes venereologists.

Good andrologists specialize in andrology and urology, and sometimes have an additional specialization in venereology. You will hardly find such doctors in district clinics, so it is better to go to good private medical institutions.

Prevention

To avoid damage to the urethra by the inflammatory process, men will have to make adjustments to their lifestyle, nutrition, attitude to health. It is necessary:

Monitor hygiene, including the intimate side of it
Timely eliminate diseases, preventing their transition to a chronic form
Periodically undergo a blood test to determine glucose in it. Especially with a hereditary predisposition to the development of diabetes mellitus.
Avoiding long breaks between sexual intercourse
Use contraception when intimate with a new partner
Avoid hypothermia, always dress appropriately for the weather

Specific and non-specific symptoms

Urethritis can be specific or non-specific. In the first case, the causative agents of the disease are infectionssexually transmitted diseases. Several types of infection can simultaneously provoke the disease. In this form of the disease, the symptoms depend on the virus.

Causative agent of the disease	Symptoms
Gonorrhea	Pain and cramps during urination, with prolonged abstinence from urination - uncomfortable and painful sensations
Chlamydia	The incubation period lasts about three weeks, during which there are no symptoms. After this time, purulent discharge is observed, itching begins, pain may occur
Trichomonas	In 30% of cases in the first few weeks, there are no obvious symptoms, then itching and burning appear in the urethra
Mycoplasma	Mild itching may occur when urinating
Candidiasis	The first three weeks there are no symptoms, but after 10 days discomfort, burning, itching when urinating is felt, white-pink thick discharge appears

The reason for the occurrence of a nonspecific form is opportunistic microorganisms, which are always present in every person, but under normal circumstances do not have either a negative or a positive effect.

These microorganisms include:

streptococcus;
staphylococcus;
escherichia coli;
gardnerella;
adenoviruses, enterobacteria;
fungus.

Usually, this form of bacterial urethritis in women is observed immediately after sexual intercourse, and it can take only a few hours between contact and the manifestation of symptoms, or months can pass.

With normal immunity, such opportunistic microorganisms that enter the urethra are not dangerous. But if there are any problems with immunity, there is a risk of developing the disease.

In the worst case scenario, specific pathogens can interact with opportunistic pathogens, exacerbating the situation. This form is called "secondary".

The form of the disease and the treatment should be determined by the doctor, who should be consulted at the first symptoms. This is itching, discharge, pain, burning sensation, discomfort, redness in the intimate area. All this may indicate the onset of inflammatory processes.

Other therapies

As additional methods of therapy for inflammation of the urethra are used:

Physiotherapy. She suggests doing daily lotions or sitz baths for the genitals. It is necessary to prepare a decoction of medicinal plants (chamomile, St. John's wort) and add it to the bath. Make lotions with the same solution, applying to the external genitals. In the case when the urethra or bladder is inflamed, physiotherapy procedures are of great benefit and sense in therapy.
Lifestyle changes. It is necessary to give up bad habits (smoking and drinking alcohol) at least for the duration of treatment. Alcohol and nicotine provoke an exacerbation of inflammation and prevent healing: they make medications ineffective and inhibit organ recovery.

Symptoms and signs of urethral inflammation

Burning, itching, pain when urinating.
Purulent discharge.
Frequent urination.

You need to eat in small portionsso as not to overload an already weakened organism. Be sure to follow the rules:

Exclude fatty meats, salted, fried and smoked meats;
Protect yourself from frequent colds and SARS;
Abstinence from sexual activity until the end of therapy;
Maintaining good hygiene.

Be sure to drink enough fluid, at least one liter per day.

Who is at risk

The most susceptible to the development of urethritis are those women who:

has a promiscuous sex life
regularly undergoes bladder catheterization
does not keep the body clean
is engaged in active sports (horseback riding, lifting weights, in which the blood supply to the small pelvis sharply increases)
works outdoors during the cold season
eats chaotically, approaches the composition of the diet ill-considered
abuses alcohol, caffeine
douches unnecessarily often
visits the pool or other public places (bathhouse, sauna)

Individuals with diabetes and digestive disorders are also potentially at risk of developing urethritis. Endocrine disease causes itching, which leads to scratching and damage to the canal. Dysbacteriosis, colitis, a tendency to constipation contribute to the movement of pathogenic microflora into the urogenital tract, inflammation of the urethra. Experimental attitudes towards the choice of personal care products also lead to the development of allergies and subsequent damage to the urethra.

The specificity of symptoms depending on the pathogen

There are many harmful microorganisms that provoke inflammation of the urethra in women. The symptoms of nonspecific urethritis are due to what kind of pathogen provoked it. For example:

Gonococcal infection causes gonorrheal urethritis in women. Gonococcal urethritis is manifested by profuse vaginal discharge.
Trichomoniasis causes severe itching and burning in the vaginal area. Also, there is a separation of mucus of an unnatural color, which has a specific odor.
Mushrooms of the genus Sandida provoke severe itching of the genitals, external and internal burning.
Chlamydia bacteria. Their presence may be asymptomatic.
Koch's bacillus is a mycobacterium that causes an infectious disease - nephrotuberculosis, which provokes the onset of urethritis. It manifests itself as a slight increase in body temperature and general malaise.

Types and forms of the disease

Often this ailment is mistaken for cystitis, but this is not entirely true. Urethritis is divided into two types: infectious and non-infectious. It has several types, it is divided according to the pathogen that hit the body.

Forms urethritis:

Candidal. The people call him a thrush. The reason is Candida fungus. May not manifest itself in any way for a long time;
Bacterial. The wall of the bladder is affected by one of the types of microorganisms: the leader among them is Escherichia coli;
Trichomonas. Sexually transmitted, the culprit of the infection is Trichomonas;
Non-infectious. As a rule, it is associated with a woman's already existing disease: urolithiasis, gynecological problems, etc.
Rear. The inflammation is localized at the back of the urethra;
Gonococcal. This venereal disease is actually gonorrhea. It is caused by pathogens such as gonococcus, chlamydia and others;
Purulent. Severe complication of an existing inflammation;
Viral. Its cause is mainly the herpes virus, which enters the body through sexual contact;
Allergic. It affects the mucous membrane of the urethra (see photo above). It occurs due to a predisposition to certain allergens: food, household.
Urethritis is anterior, that is, does not go beyond the urethra, and total, covering the entire urethra.

Experts also divide the disease into acute and chronic forms.

Diagnostics - what tests to take?

The presence of any of the above symptoms is a reason for a visit to a urologist, who must make a diagnosis based on laboratory and clinical data. During the initial examination, the doctor examines the discharge from the urethra by pressing, examines the swelling and redness of the urethral sponges, feels how painful and thickened the urethra is and whether the inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged.

Each patient with suspected urethritis is examined for HIV infection and syphilis, and is also sent for the following tests:

Urogenital smear.
Culture from the urethra for sensitivity to antibiotics.
PCR studies to identify the causative agents of urethritis.
General urine analysis.
Three-glass urine sample.
Ureteroscopy.
General blood analysis.
Blood biochemistry.
Rheumatic tests, if urethritis appears after a sore throat.

Folk remedies

In the complex therapy of urethritis, in agreement with the attending physician, infusions and decoctions of medicinal plants with a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antispasmodic effect can be used:

infusion of parsley leaves;
mood of yellow zelenchuk grass;
infusion of black currant leaves;
infusion of blue cornflower flowers; and etc.

Medicinal herbal preparations can be used both internally and externally - for example, in the form of medicinal baths.

Urethritis in women often occurs simultaneously with cystitis. This is due to the fact that the urethra in women is short (only 1-2 cm) and wide. Therefore, infectious agents from it easily penetrate into the bladder, causing its inflammation.

How and what to treat: basic drugs

If the pathogen is identified, with urethritis in women a course of antibiotics is prescribed... Depending on the cause, it can be the following drugs (or a combination of these tablets):

Ciprofloxacin;
Amoxiclav;
Azithromycin;
Norfloxacin;
Doxycycline;
Ofloxacin;
Nolitsin and others.

In parallel, symptomatic treatment can be carried outwhich helps relieve pain and itching. These are sitz baths, the use of herbal decoctions, electrophoresis, the introduction of tampons soaked in special ointments.

But all this only relieves the symptoms.rather than eliminating the cause. Along with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin complexes are also prescribed. In case of complications, physiotherapy is prescribed.

During treatment, the properties of the walls of the urethra are restored, then it is required to restore the normal microflora of the vagina... This step allows you to exclude further penetration of pathogenic microbes into the vagina, from where they enter the urethra.

If the balance of microflora is disturbed, it is impossible to defend against such microorganisms, urethritis can become chronic. This is an individual part of the course, and drugs and treatment methods are selected separately.

The final stage is the restoration of immunity, since otherwise successful treatment will have a short-term effect, and the onset of urethritis with a weakened immune system is possible at any time. It also requires an individual approach and a balanced selection of immunomodulators and vitamins.

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Features of therapy

Treatment of the same disorder has several distinctive characteristics - depending on the causative agent of the pathology, the form of its development.

Type of urethritis	Its features	Necessary treatment
Allergic	It develops as a result of damage to allergens. Its function can be performed by a medicine, a product, a personal care product.	It is impossible to stop an allergic reaction without the use of antihistamines. These include Diazolin (½ table, 1 r. Per day), Suprastin (1 t. 3-4 r. / Day; 1 ml / m once). The drugs are responsible for stopping itching, irritation, edema of the walls of the urinary tract.
Rear	It is caused by inflammation of the prostate gland. Clinical manifestations of pathology - pain syndrome, dysuria, increased body temperature. Urine takes on a cloudy hue, often a specific sediment, stained with blood.	Assumes the appointment of antibiotic therapy. Treatment is carried out simultaneously with the elimination of prostatitis.
Herpetic	It is caused by the herpes virus, which is sexually transmitted. The infection comes from the partner.	You cannot get well without taking antiviral drugs. The herpetic process is not treated with antibiotics. Prescribe Acyclovir, immunomodulators. Active vitamin therapy is performed.

If antibiotic therapy is necessary, in no case is a specific drug prescribed until the results of urine culture are obtained.

Chronic urethritis treatment

Chronic urethritis requires long-term and comprehensive treatment, which includes:

antibiotic therapy, taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen;
antiseptic washing of the urethra;
vitamin and mineral therapy.

In chronic urethritis of gonococcal etiology, an antibacterial drug is installed into the urethra. If there are granulations, then collargol and silver solution are installed into the urethra, as well as bougienage and cauterization of the urethra with 10% - 20% silver nitrate solution (with pronounced narrowing).

In chronic Trichomonas urethritis, a 1% solution of Trichomonacide is installed in the urethra.

In chronic chlamydial urethritis, in addition to antibiotics, immunomodulators, interferon preparations, probiotics, enzyme therapy, vitamin therapy, hepatoprotectors, antioxidants are additionally prescribed.

Disease symptoms

Signs of urethritis in women may not appear immediately, but even two months after infection. In women, symptoms are less pronounced than in men. This is explained by the difference in the structure of the urethra.

All manifesting signs depend on the type of pathogen, from what urethritis the woman is ill with.

For example, with gonorrheal urethritis, pain occurs during urination, urinary retention. With candidiasis - burning, discharge from light to pinkish.

Common symptoms are:

Itching and burning when going to the toilet;
Pain radiating to the uterus, aching;
Impurities of blood in the urine;
The urge to urinate becomes more frequent, but they are false. That is, there is a feeling of fullness in the bladder.
Rarely, with acute urethritis, a woman notes an increase in temperature to subfebrile levels, weakness and even chills. Basically, such signs are felt by the fair sex with a weakened immune system.

Causes of occurrence

staphylococci;
streptococci;
colibacillus.

Which doctor to contact

Urethritis in women is treated by a urologist. But initially you need to contact a therapist - to explain the events and actions that preceded the deterioration of well-being. Then list the troubling symptoms. The therapist will conduct an initial examination, write out a referral to a urologist. This doctor directs the patient to undergo diagnostic measures in order to differentiate the pathology. If, on the basis of the examination, a relationship is established between urethritis and digestive disorders, the treatment is carried out by a gastroenterologist. When the pathology is due to the presence of a genital infection, the therapeutic program is made by a venereologist.

Inflammation of the urethra against the background of a gynecological disease requires the urgent elimination of such. When the inflammatory process is caused by banal hypothermia, malnutrition or allergy to detergents, the treatment is carried out by a urologist. Also, a specialist of this profile draws up and supervises therapy if inflammation of the urethra is caused by pyelonephritis, calculi.

Urethritis in children

Urethral inflammation is not limited to adults. Urethritis in children is no less common. Both infectious and non-infectious factors can lead to its appearance. It is customary to refer to infectious bacteria, viruses, gonococci, Trichomonas, mycoplasma, ureaplasma into the urethra. Among the non-infectious factors, trauma (passage of stones through the urethra or medical manipulations), allergic reactions and congestion in the pelvic area predominate. In addition, narrowing of the urethra can lead to its appearance.

Read Trichomonas bacteria in men.

Symptoms in children are always gender related. For boys, a burning sensation during urination, itching of the genitals, discharge (white or mixed with mucus) and the presence of traces of blood in the urine are more characteristic. In girls, the disease is manifested by an increased urge to urinate and pain in the lower abdomen.

Normal indicators of bacteriological analysis of urine

For diagnostics, bacterioscopic and bacteriological analyzes of urine and discharge from the urethra are used. If the doctor suspects a chronic form of the disease, the child will undergo ureteroscopy.

Treatment is carried out depending on the form of the disease. In the case of the acute phase of urethritis, antibiotics are used that are suitable for a particular age group. In the case of diagnosing a chronic form, in addition to the use of antibiotics, the patient is prescribed drugs to maintain immunity and the introduction of drugs into the urethra.

After the end of treatment, the child must undergo a second examination. Along with drug treatment, the child needs a special diet (excluding smoked, spicy and salty) and adherence to the drinking regime.

If untreated at the initial stage of the disease, urethritis in a child can become chronic, when it becomes much more difficult to cure it.

Urethritis in girls

In girls, the inflammatory process from the urethra quickly spreads to the bladder, leading to the development of cystitis. Therefore, in pediatric urology, inflammation of the urethra in girls is usually called urethral syndrome, since in most cases it is not possible to accurately determine the localization of the inflammation focus.

The following factors can lead to the development of urethritis in childhood:

synechia of the labia minora;
irregular urination;
urolithiasis disease;
hypothermia;
abuse of salty or spicy foods;
violation of hygiene rules.

One of the main symptoms of urethritis in young girls is urinary retention. Because of the expectation of pain, little patients refuse to sit on the potty or go to the toilet, and cry when urinating. With uncomplicated urethritis, the general condition of the girls does not suffer. The development of complications can be accompanied by fever and the appearance of symptoms of intoxication.

Causes of urethritis

In medical practice, the most common infectious urethritis, that is, caused by exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. For example, staphylococci, Escherichia coli.

Non-infectious species urethritis is less common and may be caused by:

Stones in the kidneys. Passing through the canal, they irritate the mucous membrane, causing an illness;
Injuries. For example, when conducting diagnostic studies or surgery;
Malignant formations;
Allergic dermatitis, eczema.

Certain conditions can become a provocateur of the development of urethritis in women. Even the beginning of a sexual life in girls can cause illness. The body gets alien microflora, which becomes the factor due to which the urethra becomes inflamed. Other reasons:

Infection occurs either through sexual contact or through blood as a result of other diseases, even if it is simple caries.