Communication is the most complex process of interaction between people, aimed at achieving mutual understanding, gaining certain experience. Every day a person rotates in society, comes into contact with colleagues, classmates, households, friends. In order to achieve his goal in communication, a person uses verbal and non-verbal means.
Let's consider these two groups separately.
Verbal Communication: The Functions of Language
Verbal communication is the use of words to convey information. The main instrument is speech.
There are different goals in communication: to make a message, find out the answer, express criticism, express your opinion, stimulate action, come to an agreement, etc. Depending on them, speech is built - oral or written. The language system is being implemented.
Language is a set of symbols and means of their interaction, which act as a tool for expressing feelings and thoughts. The language has the following features:
- Ethnic - different peoples have their own language, which is their hallmark.
- Constructive - puts thoughts into sentences, sound form. When it is expressed verbally, it acquires clarity and distinctness. The speaker can appreciate it from the outside - what effect it produces.
- Cognitive - expresses the activity of consciousness. A person receives most of the knowledge about the surrounding reality through communication, language.
- Emotional - colors thoughts with the help of intonation, timbre, diction features. The function of the language works at the moments when the speaker seeks to convey a certain emotion.
- Communicative - language as the main means of communication. A full exchange of information between people is ensured.
- Contact-establishing - acquaintance and maintenance of contacts between subjects. Sometimes communication does not carry a specific goal, does not contain useful information, but plays an important role for further relationships, serves as the basis for the emergence of trust.
- Accumulative - through the language a person accumulates and stores the knowledge gained. The subject receives information, wants to remember it for the future. An effective way would be to make a note, keep a diary, but suitable paper is not always at hand. Word of mouth is also a good method of assimilating information. Although the book, where everything is structured and subordinated to a specific purpose, the meaning is, of course, the most valuable source of important data.
Speech activity: forms of language
Speech activity is a situation in which communication between people occurs due to verbal components, language. There are different types:
- Letter - fixing the content of speech on paper or electronic media.
- Speaking is the use of language to convey a message.
- Reading is the visual perception of information captured on paper or a computer.
- Listening is audio perception of information from speech.
Based on the speech form, communication is oral and written. And if we consider it depending on the number of participants, it can be divided into mass, interpersonal.
There are also literary and non-literary forms of the language, which each nationality has its own, they determine the social and cultural status of the nation. The literary language is exemplary, structured, with stable grammatical norms. It is also presented in two forms: oral and written. The first is the speech that sounds, the second can be read. At the same time, oral appeared earlier, was the original one that people began to use. Non-literary speech - dialects of individual nationalities, territorial features of the oral language.
But the most important in the psychology of communication is non-verbal communication. A person unconsciously uses various signs: gestures, facial expressions, intonation, posture, location in space, etc. Let's move on to the consideration of this extensive group.
Non-verbal communication
Non-verbal communication is body language. He does not use speech, but uses other means, which allows him to perform important functions:
- Emphasis on what's important. Without mentioning unnecessary words, a person can use a gesture or take a certain pose, which will indicate the significance of the moment.
- Inconsistency. The speaker says one word, but thinks in a completely opposite way. For example, a clown on stage is unsmiling and unhappy in life. The slightest mimicry movements on his face will help to understand this. How to expose a lie if a person seeks to hide it behind an insincere smile.
- Addition to what has been said. Sometimes each of us accompanies enthusiastic words with a gesture or movement, indicating a strong emotionality of this situation.
- Instead of words. The subject uses gestures that are understandable to everyone, saving time. For example, shrugging your shoulders or pointing in the direction doesn't require further explanation.
- Repeat and enhance the effect of speech. A verbal call is sometimes quite emotional, and non-verbal means are designed to emphasize the firmness of your statement. Nodding or shaking the head at the appropriate answer "Yes" or "No" shows confidence and intransigence.
Types of non-verbal means
A large group is kinesthetics - external manifestations of feelings, emotions of a person in the course of communication. This is:
- facial expressions
- Gestures
- Pantomime
Gestures and postures
Evaluation by the interlocutors of each other occurs long before the beginning of the conversation itself. A pose, gait, a look can give out in advance a person who is insecure or, on the contrary, self-confident, with claims to power. Gestures usually emphasize the meaning of speech, give it an emotional connotation, place accents, but their overabundance can also spoil the impression, especially in a business meeting. In addition, among different nationalities, the same gestures mean completely opposite phenomena.
Intense gestures determine the emotional state of a person. If his movements are sharp, there are many of them, then the subject is overexcited, agitated, overly interested in conveying his information to the opponent. Which can be both its plus and a significant minus, depending on the circumstances.
Posture plays an important role. If the subject has his arms crossed over his chest, then he is skeptical and does not trust you very much. Perhaps closed, does not want to communicate in principle. If the interlocutor turned his body to you, did not cross his arms and legs, then, on the contrary, he is open and ready to listen. In psychology, for effective communication, it is recommended to mirror the opponent’s posture in order to achieve relaxation and trust from him.
facial expressions
A person's face is the main source of information about his internal state. A frown or a smile are the factors that determine further communication with the subject. Eyes do reflect the human essence. There are seven types of basic emotions, each of which has its own characteristic features: for anger, joy, fear, sadness, longing, surprise, disgust. They are easy to remember, identify and then observe in people for a better understanding of the mood of others.
Pantomime
This includes walking. A closed or upset person most often stoops, lowers his head, does not look into his eyes, but prefers to look at his feet. Angry people walk with sharp movements, hurried, but heavy. A confident and cheerful person has a springy gait, or a wide step. It changes depending on how you feel.
There is a section of non-verbal means that takes into account the distance between speakers - proxemics. It determines the comfortable distance between the interlocutors. There are several communication areas:
- Intimate - 15-45 cm. A person lets only those closest to him go there. Intrusion into it by unfamiliar personalities can be perceived as a threat that requires immediate protection.
- Personal - 45-120 cm. Acceptable for good friends, colleagues.
- Social and public - typical for business negotiations, major events and speaking at them from the podium.
Takeshika is a section of communication dedicated to the role of touch. If they are applied incorrectly, without taking into account the difference in social status, age, gender, then you can get into an awkward situation, even become a cause of conflict. A handshake is the most harmless form of touch. It is especially characteristic of men who, through it, check the strength of their opponent. They choose, so to speak, which of them is the most powerful. Sometimes uncertainty, or disgust, or compliance is easily given out when a person shakes only the tips of his fingers.
Voice characteristics
Intonation, volume, timbre, rhythm of the voice can serve as an example of a combination of two types of communication. The same sentence will sound completely different if you alternate the listed methods. Both the meaning and the effect on the listener depend on this. Speech may also contain pauses, laughter, sighs, which color it with additional colors.
Let's summarize. It is important to understand that a person unconsciously transmits more than 70% of information to his opponent by non-verbal means. The receiving subject must correctly interpret in order to avoid misunderstandings and quarrels. The perceiver also evaluates the signals sent by the speaker more, perceives them emotionally, but still interprets them not always correctly.
In addition, a person speaks verbally only 80% of what he originally intended to convey. The opponent listens attentively, distinguishing only 60%, and then forgetting about another ten percent of the information. Therefore, it is very important to take into account non-verbal signs in order to remember at least the purpose, the meaning of the message of the addressee, which they so wanted to convey to you.
Verbal communication- this is a communicative mutually directed action that takes place between one individual, several subjects or more, which involves the transmission of information of various directions and its reception. In verbal communicative interaction, speech is used as a communication mechanism, which is represented by language systems and is divided into written and oral. The most important requirement for verbal communication is the clarity of pronunciation, clarity of content, accessibility of the presentation of thought.
Verbal communication can cause a positive or negative emotional response. That is why each individual simply needs to know and correctly apply the rules, norms and techniques of speech interaction. For the effectiveness of communications and success in life, any person should master the art of rhetoric.
Verbal and non-verbal communication
As you know, the human being is a social being. That is, the subject can never become a person without society. The interaction of subjects with society occurs through the tools of communication (communication), which can be verbal and non-verbal.
Verbal and non-verbal means of communication provide communicative interaction of individuals all over the world. Although a person has a primary thought, but for its expression and understanding by other individuals, such a tool of verbal communication as speech is needed, which reveals thoughts into words. Indeed, for an individual, a phenomenon or concept begins to exist only if it acquires a definition or name.
The most universal means of communication between people is language, which is the main system that encodes information and an important communication tool.
With the help of words, a person makes clear the meaning of events and the meaning of phenomena, expresses his own thoughts, feelings, positions and worldview. Personality, its language and consciousness are inseparable. However, at the same time, the vast majority of people treat language the same way they treat air, i.e. uses it without noticing. Language quite often overtakes thoughts or does not obey them.
During the communication interaction of people at each stage, barriers arise that impede the effectiveness of communication. Often on the way to mutual understanding is the use of the same words, gestures and other communication tools to define completely different phenomena, things, objects. Such barriers appear due to socio-cultural differences, psychological and other factors. Individual differences in human needs and their system of values often make it impossible to find a common language even when discussing universal topics.
Violations of the process of communication human interaction cause errors, blunders or failures in the encryption of information, underestimation of worldview, professional, ideological, religious, political, age and gender differences.
In addition, the following factors are incredibly important for human communications: context and subtext, style. So, for example, an unexpected familiar address or cheeky behavior can nullify the entire information richness of the conversation.
However, most of the information about a communication partner is transmitted not with the help of verbal tools, but with the help of non-verbal means. That is, the subjects draw an idea of the true feelings of the interlocutor and his intentions not from his speech, but by direct observation of the details and manner of his behavior. In other words, interpersonal communication interaction is mainly carried out thanks to a whole range of non-verbal tools - facial expressions and gestures, symbolic communicative signs, spatial and temporal boundaries, intonation and rhythmic characteristics of speech.
As a rule, non-verbal communications are not the result of a conscious behavior, but of subconscious urges. Verbal communication mechanisms are quite difficult to fake, which is why they should be trusted more than verbal formulations.
Verbal and non-verbal means of communication in the course of communication interaction of people are perceived simultaneously (simultaneously), they should be considered as a single complex. In addition, gestures without the use of speech are not always consistent, and speech without facial expressions is empty.
Types of verbal communication
Verbal communication includes externally directed speech, which in turn is divided into written and oral, and internally directed speech. Oral speech can be dialogic or monologue. Inner speech manifests itself in preparation for oral conversation or, especially, for written speech. Written speech can be immediate and delayed. Direct speech occurs when exchanging notes, for example, at a meeting or lecture, and delayed speech occurs when exchanging letters, when it can take quite a long time to receive an answer. The conditions of communication in written speech are strictly mediated by the text.
Also, tactile speech is considered a peculiar form of verbal communication. It includes the manual alphabet, which is a substitute for oral speech and serves for the interaction of deaf or blind persons with each other and people familiar with dactylology. Dactyl speech marks replace letters and resemble printed type letters.
Feedback affects the accuracy of understanding by the person who perceives the information of the meaning of the speaker's statements. Feedback is established only on the condition that the communicator and the recipient will alternately change places. The task of the recipient is to use his statements to make it clear to the communicator how he perceived the meaning of the information. It follows that dialogue speech is a successive change in the roles of the communicative interaction of the speakers, during which the meaning of the speech statement is revealed. A monologue speech, on the contrary, can last quite a long time without being interrupted by the remarks of other speakers. It requires preliminary preparation from the speaker. Monologue speech includes lectures, reports, etc.
Important components of the communicative aspect of communication are the ability to accurately, clearly express one's own thoughts and the ability to listen. Since the fuzzy formulation of thoughts leads to a misinterpretation of what was said. And inept listening transforms the meaning of the transmitted information.
Verbal communication also includes the well-known type of interaction - conversation, interview, dispute and discussion, dispute, meeting, etc.
A conversation is a verbal exchange of thoughts, opinions, knowledge, information. A conversation (conversation) involves the presence of two or more participants, whose task is to express their own thoughts and considerations on a given topic in a relaxed atmosphere. Participants in the conversation can ask each other questions in order to familiarize themselves with the position of the interlocutor or clarify incomprehensible points that arose during the discussion. Conversation is especially effective when there is a need to clarify an issue or highlight a problem. An interview is a specially organized conversation on social, professional or scientific topics. A dispute is a public discussion or dispute on a socially important or scientific topic. A discussion is a public dispute, the result of which is the clarification and correlation of different points of view, positions, the search and identification of the correct opinion, finding the right solution to the controversial issue. Argument is the process of exchanging opposing views. That is, it denotes any clash of positions, differences in beliefs and views, a kind of struggle in which each of the participants defends his own rightness.
Also, verbal communication is divided into verbal and interpersonal. is carried out between several individuals, its result is the emergence of psychological contact and a certain relationship between those who communicate. Verbal business communication is a complex multilateral process of developing contacts between people in the professional sphere.
Features of verbal communication
The main feature of verbal communication is that such communication is peculiar only to a person. Verbal communication as an indispensable condition involves mastering the language. Due to its communicative potential, it is much richer than all types of non-verbal communication, although it is not able to completely replace it. The formation of verbal communications initially necessarily relies on non-verbal means of communication.
The main component of communication are the words that were taken by themselves. Verbal interaction is considered the most universal way to translate thoughts. Any message constructed using a non-verbal sign system can be deciphered or translated into verbal human language. So, for example, the red light of a traffic light can be translated as "traffic is prohibited" or "stop."
The verbal aspect of communication has a complex multi-level structure and can appear in different stylistic variations: dialect, colloquial and literary language, etc. All speech components or other characteristics contribute to the successful or unsuccessful implementation of a communicative act. A person in the process of communication from a wide range of various tools of speech interaction chooses such tools that seem to him the most appropriate for formulating and expressing his own thoughts in a particular situation. This is called social choice. Such a process is endless in its diversity.
Words in speech communicative interaction are not ordinary signs that serve to name objects or phenomena. In verbal communication, whole verbal complexes, systems of ideas, religions, myths, characteristic of a particular society or culture, are created and formed.
The way the subject speaks can form an idea in the other participant of the interaction about who such a subject really is. This is more likely to occur when the communicator plays an established social role, such as a company leader, school principal, team captain, and so on. Facial expressions, appearance, intonations will correspond to the status of the social role of the speaker and his idea of such a role.
The choice of verbal instruments contributes to the creation and comprehension of certain social situations. So, for example, a compliment will not always indicate that a person looks good, it can simply be a kind of “communicative move”.
The effectiveness and efficiency of verbal interaction is largely determined by the level of the communicator's mastery of oratory and his personal qualitative characteristics. Today, competent speech is considered the most important component of the professional realization of the individual.
With the help of speech, not only the movement of messages takes place, but also the interaction of participants in the communication process, which in a special way influence each other, direct, orient each other. In other words, they seek to achieve a certain behavioral transformation.
Despite the fact that speech is a universal tool of communicative interaction, it acquires meaning only when included in the activity. Speech must necessarily be supplemented by the use of non-speech sign systems for the effectiveness of interaction. The communication process will be incomplete if non-verbal means are not used.
COMMUNICATION(English) communication, intercourse, interpersonal relationship) - the interaction of 2 or more people, consisting in the exchange between them of information of a cognitive and / or affective-evaluative nature.
Verbal communication- uses human speech as a sign system, natural sound language, that is, a system of phonetic signs that includes two principles: lexical and syntactic. Speech is the most universal means of communication, since when information is transmitted through speech, the meaning of the message is least of all lost.
The system of phonetic signs of a language is built on the basis of vocabulary and syntax. Vocabulary is a set of words that make up a language. Syntax- these are the means and rules for creating speech units that are characteristic of specific languages. Speech is the most universal means of communication, since when transmitting information, the meaning of the message is lost to the least extent compared to other means of transmitting information. Speech, therefore, is language in action, a form of generalized reflection of reality, a form of existence of thinking. Indeed, in thinking, speech manifests itself in the form of internal pronunciation of words to oneself. Thinking and speech are inseparable from each other. The transfer of information using speech occurs according to the following scheme: the communicator (the speaker) selects the words necessary to express the thought; connects them according to the rules of grammar, using the principles of vocabulary and syntax; pronounces these words due to the articulation of the organs of speech. The recipient (listener) perceives speech, decodes speech units for the correct understanding of the thought expressed in it. But this happens when the communicants use a national language understandable to both, developed in the process of verbal communication over many generations of people.
Speech performs two main functions - significative and communicative.
Thanks to significative function for a person (unlike an animal) it becomes possible to arbitrarily evoke images of objects, to perceive the semantic content of speech. Thanks to the communicative function, speech becomes a means of communication, a means of transmitting information.
The word makes it possible to analyze objects, things, to highlight their essential and secondary features. Mastering the word, a person automatically masters complex systems of connections and relations between objects and phenomena of the objective world. The ability to analyze objects and phenomena of the objective world, to single out the essential, main and secondary in them, to attribute these objects and phenomena to certain categories (i.e., to classify them) is an indispensable condition for determining the meaning of a word. A dictionary compiled on this basis, covering the terms-concepts of any special field of activity, is called thesaurus.
Communicative function of speech manifests itself in means of expression and means of influence. Speech is not limited to the totality of transmitted messages, it simultaneously expresses the attitude of a person to what he is talking about, and the attitude to the one with whom he communicates. Thus, emotional and expressive components (rhythm, pause, intonation, voice modulation, etc.) are manifested to one degree or another in the speech of each individual. There are also expressive components in written speech (in the text of the letter, this is manifested in the sweeping nature of the handwriting and the force of pressure, the angle of its inclination, the direction of the lines, the shape of capital letters, etc.). The word as a means of influence and its emotional and expressive components are inseparable, they act simultaneously, to a certain extent influencing the behavior of the recipient.
Types of verbal communication.
Distinguish between external and internal speech. External speech divided by oral and written. Oral speech, in turn, on dialogic and monologue. In preparation for oral speech and especially for writing, the individual "pronounces" the speech to himself. That's what it is inner speech. In written speech, the conditions of communication are mediated by the text. Written speech may be direct(for example, exchanging notes at a meeting, at a lecture) or delayed(exchange of letters).
A form of verbal communication is finger speech. This is a manual alphabet that serves to replace oral speech when deaf and blind people communicate with each other and persons familiar with fingerprinting. Dactyl marks replace letters (similar to letters in block type).
The accuracy of the listener's understanding of the meaning of the speaker's statement depends on the feedback. Such feedback is established when the communicator and the recipient alternately change places. The recipient, by his statement, makes it clear how he understood the meaning of the received information. Thus, dialogue speech represents a kind of sequential change in the communicative roles of the communicants, during which the meaning of the speech message is revealed. monologue same speech continues long enough, not interrupted by the remarks of others. It requires advance preparation. This is usually a detailed, preparatory speech (for example, a report, lecture, etc.).
The constant and effective exchange of information is the key to the achievement of any organization or firm of its goals. The importance of verbal communication, for example in management, cannot be overestimated. However, here, as shown above, it is also necessary to pursue the goal of ensuring the correct understanding of the transmitted information or semantic messages. The ability to accurately express one's thoughts, the ability to listen are the components of the communicative side of communication. Unskillful expression of thoughts leads to a misinterpretation of what was said. Poor listening distorts the meaning of the information being conveyed. Below is a methodology for the two main ways of listening: non-reflective and reflective.
In speech, language is realized and through it, through utterances, language performs its communicative function. The main functions of the language in the communication process include: communicative (the function of information exchange); constructive (formulation of thoughts); appellative (impact on the addressee); emotive (direct emotional reaction to the situation); phatic (exchange of ritual (etiquette) formulas); metalinguistic (interpretation function. It is used when it is necessary to check whether the interlocutors use the same code).
Through observation of non-verbal means of communication, we manage to glean a huge amount of information about a partner. However, the information received may not be entirely reliable, since, firstly, there is a possibility that we could not quite correctly interpret the received signals, and secondly, our interlocutor may try to hide the truth by deliberately using his knowledge of non-verbal signals. That is why, for completeness of information, it is necessary to analyze both non-verbal and verbal means of communication.
Verbal (or verbal) communication is “the process of establishing and maintaining purposeful, direct or indirect, contact between people with the help of language” (Kunitsyna V.N., 2001, p. 46).
According to the authors of the book "Interpersonal Communication" (ibid.), speaking people can have speech flexibility to varying degrees. So, some of them pay minimal attention to the choice of speech means, talking at different times with different people, in different circumstances, mostly in the same style. Others, in an effort to preserve their stylistic appearance, are able to perform different speech roles, using a different stylistic speech repertoire in various situations. However, in addition to the individual characteristics of participants in verbal communication, the choice of the style of speech behavior is also influenced by the social context. The role situation dictates the need to turn to poetic, then to official, then to scientific or everyday speech.
So, holding a scientific conference for parents requires the teacher to be able to operate with strict scientific terms (which, nevertheless, must be deciphered in speech in order to exclude misunderstanding of the insufficiently prepared part of the audience and thereby prevent possible aggressive attacks or "self-elimination" of listeners in such cases).
In cases of conflict with parents, it is better to adhere to the official manner of communication. The authors of the monograph mentioned above give the following principles for constructing speech communication.
The principle of cooperation(“the requirement for interlocutors to act in a way that would be consistent with the accepted purpose and direction of the conversation” - suggests that verbal communication should:
- contain the optimal amount of information. (it must correspond to the current goals of communication, excessive information can be distracting, misleading);
- contain truthful statements;
- correspond to the goals, the subject of the conversation;
- be clear (avoiding incomprehensible expressions, verbosity).
Principle of politeness, which implies the expression in speech:
- tact;
- generosity;
- approvals;
- modesty;
- consent;
- benevolence.
Pedagogical practice shows that an incorrectly built verbal message can lead both to misunderstanding by partners of each other, and to an open conflict. That is why, basically, the literature devoted to the problems of constructive behavior in conflict is aimed at optimizing verbal communication (Grishina N.V., 2002). Verbal communication can be disruptive and is a channel for finding relationships.
The relationship between people occurs through communication, which in turn can have verbal and non-verbal forms. At the same time, it is worth considering that the verbal form is somehow accompanied by a non-verbal one, while the latter can manifest itself.
To clearly understand how this happens, it should be said that verbal communication is, first of all, oral and written speech, which has a certain clear structure, expressed in linguistic and stylistic rules. A prime example of verbal communication is an oral dialogue or written correspondence between two people.
Non-verbal communication- this is a system of signs that manifests itself subconsciously and is also subconsciously perceived by the opponent. It is more related to the manifestation of human instincts and reflexes.
So, for example, a simple smile in, depending on the shape of the mouth and facial expressions of the whole face as a whole, can be interpreted without words as a manifestation of sympathy, a positive emotional state, or, conversely, ridicule. At the same time, in most cases, the true nature of an emotion is determined by the human brain quite accurately.
Verbal means of communication
Speech is the main verbal means of communication. (oral and written), reading and listening. Directly, speech itself is a means for the production of textual information, which determines the rules and knowledge accepted by society in a form understandable to most representatives of society. In turn, reading textual information, as well as listening, is a means of perceiving knowledge.
Speech can be internal or external.. The latter is the manifestation of speech in the usual form of dialogue or monologue. In turn, inner speech is actually a conversation with oneself, or, more simply, a thought process dressed in a speech form. So, for example, when thinking about any situations, a person mentally builds a logical text chain, while figurative thinking is secondary. Inner speech is not communication unless it has subsequently been expressed orally or in writing.
External speech, and, consequently, verbal communication can be classified as informative and manipulative. The first is aimed at conveying information, the second - at inciting to action. External speech, due to its focus on the exchange of information, one way or another, is accompanied by a non-verbal form of communication. This is especially evident in manipulative communication, which uses emotional images and non-verbal means and methods of communication to achieve the goal.
Non-verbal means of communication
Non-verbal communication does not have certain patterns and rules, since it is manifested and perceived on an instinctive level, based on a person’s personal experience and worldview. At the same time, it can be classified into three main groups:
The main problem of verbal and non-verbal is the arrangement of significance. So, in traditional communication, non-verbal factors carry a secondary load, acting as an addition to verbal communication to emphasize the most important information, thoughts, ideas, etc.
On the other hand, when viewed through creative manifestation, the verbal component is often secondary, bringing to the fore facial expressions and gestures addressed to the emotional side of a person.
So, for example, poetry performed by a theater artist is, first of all, a visual operation of images, where the text part often does not even have a logical structure.
The use of speech is a necessary attribute of modern life. It is impossible to imagine human communication without speech. Oral speech is used both in everyday life and in business negotiations. Speech itself has a number of features, such as: emotional - aesthetic, biophysical, individual - personal indicators, etc. Speech helps not only to understand the interlocutor during a conversation, but also reflects the speaker's own individual opinion, allows him to open up. By the way a person builds phrases, pronounces individual words, one can determine how interesting he himself is what he is talking about. Verbal communication is an integral part of the life of a modern person. Without it, not a single dialogue could have taken place, it would have become impossible to make a serious decision.
Benefits of verbal communication
It is the interaction of people with the help of words that has greater benefits than non-verbal communication. Two people will be much better able to explain themselves, to understand each other, if they begin to use language as a sign system. So what are the benefits of verbal communication? What is important to note here?
Ability to formulate and accurately communicate information
Verbal communication, unlike non-verbal communication, allows you to perceive the interlocutor as clearly as possible, share your thoughts, and show your own participation. Only words have such great power. Sometimes any speculation seems inappropriate and indecent. For example, in business negotiations, you need to have fairly accurate information and coherently express your thoughts. This cannot be done with only gestures and facial expressions.
Verbal communication is the most convenient way to express thoughts and feelings. From childhood, we get used to using words to communicate with the interlocutor. No one tries to fully communicate using only gestures or facial expressions, it would be too difficult.
Ability to analyze
With the help of words, a person, most often, expresses his vision and attitude to current events. It is verbal communication that provides people with the opportunity to evaluate the actions of others and indicate their point of view. When we speak out loud our own opinion, it becomes obvious to the interlocutor, the easier it is for him to understand us.
The information that came to us through the word is remembered much better than various assumptions. It is known that if a person is given an exact answer to a question that does not imply any duality, he will much sooner accept it as the truth, he will be able to understand the essence of the subject of the conversation. Nothing can replace the power of a word, just as nothing can refute it.
Possibility of communication
No person can achieve a state of happiness without human communication, without effective interaction with other people. The ability to express one's attitude to the speaker, to listen to him, to exchange impressions is the main emotional necessity of the individual. Each of us has a need to be heard. Communication is necessary for a person to be able to exchange emotions, receive an additional boost of energy from colleagues and friends. Anyone who severely limits himself in communication, as a rule, eventually begins to suffer from his lack: depression appears, the mood often deteriorates literally out of the blue, things are not going very well, there is a strong feeling of loneliness and uselessness.
With the help of communication skills, a person replenishes his knowledge about the world, expands his own capabilities, and often discovers new perspectives. We all learn from each other, only a few are able to walk alone, but even they need the presence of loved ones.
Features of verbal communication
Human speech has a number of features, which are essential proof of its significance. What are these components and how do they manifest themselves in interaction with people? Let's try to figure it out!
Emotional component
During communication, people do not just exchange significant or not very important information with each other. This goal is not the true need. Much more they want to get emotions, a response to their own thoughts and feelings. In fact, it is not so important for a person what exactly they will say to him, as long as communication takes place. This phenomenon can be seen in people who lead a secluded lifestyle and interact little with others: such individuals can intentionally invent various stories that they allegedly visited and tell about them as if they really happened. That is why each of us is so eager for attention and manifestation of participation, indifference from other people, expression of ourselves as individuals.
The emotional component is extremely important for the harmonious development of the personality, for its productive work on oneself and the possibility of self-improvement. In fact, this is a very laborious work, which, however, few overcome.
General features
Listening to a person’s voice, we, even without seeing him live, can almost accurately determine how old he is, what gender the subject is, the approximate type of temperament, health status, and even basic views on life. The interlocutor is able to read all this information in a subconscious way. The fact is that everyone has ideas about how this world works. And although views on life may be different, yet unconsciously a person determines whether they tell him the truth or just want to impress.
personality traits
Each person has unique character traits, special advantages that distinguish him from other people. Accordingly, in a conversation with different people, we sometimes experience very contradictory and contrasting emotions. We like some interlocutors, others do not, it is pleasant with the third, the fourth surprise with their extravagance. Each person has his own unique voice, each pronounces words at a certain speed, and these differences constitute the characteristics of the individual. Most often, interlocutors choose each other by voice and subconsciously reach out to those with whom bright coincidences of ideas about life are found. It also happens that a person, for some inexplicable reason, repels us from ourselves, and we cannot explain to ourselves why. If the voice of the interlocutor is clearly not liked, understanding in the conversation may not be achieved.
Similarity of interests and views
Shared preferences are a very important condition for establishing contact between strangers. A person will never be interested in us if he does not have a feeling of inner involvement in what is being discussed in a conversation. That is why people sometimes have moments when the stories of strangers touch to the core. The point here is not so much in the indifference of the heart and the ability to empathize. If there is an emotional response, it means that some words touched the interlocutor to the quick, allowed him to rethink significant moments from his life, helped to realize something important.
Thus, verbal communication plays an important role in the process of interaction between people. Speech here is both a means of communication and a tool for achieving understanding.