Types of fasteners and the purpose of fasteners. Fasteners: varieties and purpose What is fasteners

They are used to connect (fasten) elements of machines and structures. Fasteners include bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, wedges, rivets, etc., as well as accessories (such as washers and cotter pins). * * * FASTENERS ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

FIXING PARTS- standard, mass-produced parts for rigid fastening of machine elements and structures. To K. d. Include metal (see): bolts, screws, pins, nuts, screws, rivets, etc., as well as auxiliary parts washers and cotter pins ... Big Polytechnic Encyclopedia

Details for the fixed connection of parts of machines and structures. These usually include details of threaded connections (See Threaded connection): bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, wood grouses, washers, cotter pins, and pins. The main parameter ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Details for rigid fastening of machine elements and structures. Bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, rivets, dowels, and other items, as well as auxiliary products, are classified as K. d. washer parts and cotter pins. To. D. Are standardized and produced mainly ... ...

This term has other meanings, see Schlitz. Phillips cross slot Fastener slot Fastener recess in threaded head ... Wikipedia

These are products for fastening: bolts, nuts, screws, screws, screws, rivets, washers, pins, pins, etc. Fasteners also include the concept of hardware (metal products) standardized metal products of various nomenclature ... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Capercaillie (disambiguation). Capercaillie Capercaillie fastener in the form of a rod with a hexagon ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Anker. Anchor bolts Anchor (German Anker yako ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Goujon. Goujon (fr. Goujon) a kind of screw with a half-countersunk or semicircular head and with a square over the head. After screwing in the goujon, the square is cut down, that is, the connection ... ... Wikipedia

Products included in the design of machines and devices, which are unified. fasteners and joins, dimensions and manufactured, as a rule, by related companies suppliers ... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

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Without reliable fasteners, it is impossible to build a house or make repairs to an apartment on your own, or with assistants. You will not be able to fasten the rafter leg to the beam, you will not be able to hang the shelf, you will never assemble furniture. Here is an incomplete list of what you cannot do without a nail, screw, self-tapping screw or bolt at hand. Many will say what this article will be about if you have just listed all the popular fasteners. In principle, all that remains is to add an anchor, rivets, dowels, confirmations and screws. That's all, in fact, these are just the names of hardware, and fasteners have a slightly different classification.

Most likely this concept was invented artificially in order to unite all the details that can be used to connect various building elements and.

This group of fasteners includes screws, self-tapping screws, nails, dowels, etc. There are also types of construction fasteners, namely dowels, anchors, metric products and self-tapping screws.

Stainless steel fasteners stand out as a separate group. As a rule, it is manufactured according to the DIN standard (Germany). Such fasteners have an almost unlimited service life, since they are not exposed to atmospheric precipitation and are sufficiently resistant to the effects of chemicals. Moreover, the aesthetic appearance of this fastener will not spoil.

If there is a need for reliable fastening of something, then anchors will come to the rescue. An anchor is a special type of fastener that consists of two parts, a pin or core and a sleeve. The use of anchor fasteners is not regulated, but, as a rule, builders use anchors for greater reliability of fastening. So if you need to fix a heavy element to a hollow base or concrete, then the anchor is perhaps the only way to do this. You can often see the use of anchors when installing PVC windows. Depending on the task to be solved with the anchor, the required or the most suitable anchor is selected - frame anchor, hook anchor, drop-in anchor, ring anchor and anchor bolt.

There are also dowels that have the same purpose as the anchor, but are used for lower loads.

Chemical anchors are a separate group - these are devices that are structurally different from the classic anchor. A chemical anchor is more of a way of attaching the post to the base. Typically, these anchors are used at maximum loads that conventional anchors cannot withstand. To secure the anchor, a hole of the required diameter and depth is made. Hole sizes are strictly regulated by the chemical anchor manufacturer. Then, using a special gun, a certain amount of chemical glue is put into the hole, then the anchor itself is inserted into the hole filled with glue. As a result of the chemical reaction of the adhesive with the base and the body of the anchor, one penetrates into the other. The end result is a permanent connection that can withstand colossal shear, torsion and bending loads.

High strength fasteners

By and large, anchor fasteners can be attributed to this group. However, everything depends on the grade of the steel used and the production technology. Required mechanical properties for high-strength fasteners of class 8.8. 10.9 and 12.9 are achieved by sequential heat treatment, a combination of heating and cooling (quenching and tempering). Also, high-strength fasteners have greater resistance to atmospheric precipitation and chemical attack compared to conventional ones.

Inch fasteners

In English-speaking countries - Great Britain, Australia, the United States, inch fasteners with threads of various pitches are widely used (large - UNC and small UNF). The only difference between this and metric fasteners is that the unit of measurement is inch, not mm. Those. we receive fasteners that meet the standards of the countries listed above.

Almost all of its types listed above can be safely attributed to fasteners for furniture. There are also nails, bolts, screws. Only screeds are used specifically. This compound is not used anywhere else except in the furniture industry.

Welded fasteners

This type of fastener is used for various welding technologies. Structurally, nails, bolts, bushings, threaded rods are used for welding.

Brass fasteners

The main advantage of this fastener is its low cost compared to stainless fasteners. At the same time, the products withstand the aggressive effects of the external environment much better. In addition, as with stainless steel fasteners, brass has the same decorative qualities. It is also worth noting the absence of magnetization, as a result of the absence of interference when used in electronic devices.

Rigging fasteners stand out as a special group. This is a fastener that is used for rigging - lifting work. These are staples, thimbles, lanyards, belts.

Requirements for building fasteners.

1. Securely fasten structures.

2. Have a convenient and easy way to use.

3. Fasteners should be maximally protected from aggressive environmental influences and have excellent decorative properties where required.

Types of metric fasteners used in construction and repair
Vibrating scaffolds: types and purpose

Fixed joints widely used in mechanical engineering are divided into two types: detachable (performed mainly using threaded fasteners - bolts, screws, studs and nuts) and one-piece (performed by various types of rivets, welding, soldering, gluing).

Threaded and riveted joints are widely used in all branches of mechanical engineering, and they account for up to 35% of the total labor intensity of assembly work. The range of fasteners used is large and tends to grow. This is due to the fact that the creation of new progressive products, as a rule, more expensive, does not exclude the possibility of using traditional cheap fasteners (bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, washers) in simple low-loaded assemblies (bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, washers), which guarantee the required consumer qualities of machines. For example, the US industry produces more than two million types of fasteners, including more than 50 thousand standard (in US terminology), for a total amount of several billion dollars a year.

Classifier of state standards fasteners general machine-building application belongs to the GZ group, which includes the following classes: G31 - bolts; G32 - screws, studs; ГЗЗ - nuts; G34 - rivets; G36 - washers, cotter pins; G37 - pins; G38 - other industrial hardware. At present, many types of progressive fasteners that are absent in the Classifier of State Standards have been developed and mastered in various industries of the machine-building complex. The variety of fasteners in terms of constructive, technological, functional and other characteristics makes it difficult to comprehensively classify and describe them. However, all fasteners can be classified into five groups. The classification is based on one of the most characteristic features that determined the name of each group, namely: fasteners for mass use; high strength threaded fasteners; fasteners for one-sided setting and shockless riveting; fasteners for high-life and tight connections; fasteners for joining polymer composite materials.

The conventionality of the proposed classification is that in each group there is a certain nomenclature of fasteners that can be attributed to another group. For example, in the group of fasteners for single-sided setting and non-impact riveting, some bolt rivet designs are designed for high-life connections or for composite materials. At the same time, each of the groups includes fasteners of several classes according to the Classifier of State Standards. For example, the group of high-strength fasteners includes classes of bolts, screws, nuts, and the group of high-resource fasteners includes classes of bolts, rivets, etc.

However, the proposed classification allows designers and technologists to relatively easily understand a wide variety of fasteners and take into account their specific features in the design and development of technological processes for assembling detachable and one-piece joints, and will also assist specialists in the design and organization of specialized production of fasteners.

It is often very difficult to name a fastener correctly. What is it?

Bolt or screw, anchor or dowel. Given the wide variety of this class of products and the complexity in their correct name, let us turn to GOST, which regulates the names and terms.

Below are some of the most commonly used terms and definitions in accordance with GOST 27017-86 for fasteners and their structural elements. Alongside the terms, there are unacceptable synonyms with the notation "not allowed!"

Types of fasteners

Parts with an external working surface include nails, screws, screws, bolts, studs, rivets. Nuts have an internal working surface that determines their functionality. Anchors and dowels have both external and internal working surfaces. The classification given below does not pretend to be absolute - it is rather a guide to the assortment of fasteners with an indication of their features (in this case, definitions from GOST 27017-86 are used), the specifics of the application and the currently most used types.

Nails

This class of fasteners does not require a detailed description, since it is well known to everyone, but it deserves a more detailed story, which is beyond the scope of this material with one exception. This is a nail screw for a nail dowel - a threaded nail that works in conjunction with a plastic dowel. Such a product is hammered in like a nail during installation, and if necessary, disassembly is screwed out like a screw. It is used for installation of skirting boards and fasteners of light wooden structures.

Bolts

A bolt is a rod-shaped fastener with a male thread at one end and a head at the other, forming a nut connection. The bolt can be threaded throughout the stem (full thread) or on the tail (incomplete thread). As a rule, the bolt has a hex head, less often an internal hexagon for a wrench. There are T-head, round head and countersunk head bolts, as well as swing-out, crutch and anchor bolts. Some bolts have a spike or mustache on the head bearing surface to prevent twisting. They are used for bolted connection, that is, in the absence of an internal thread in the parts to be connected and the need for repeated assembly and disassembly.

Screws

A screw is a fastener for forming a connection or locking, made in the form of a rod with an external thread at one end and a structural element for transmitting torque at the other. The structural element for the transmission of torque has several varieties. The most common of these is the slot. A slot is a specially shaped recess in the end face of the head of a bolt, screw or screw. The simplest slot has the form of a straight through or blind slot. In addition, Phillips are common (including Philips and Pozidrive variants). There is also a six-pointed Topx spline. An internal hex is also a slot by definition. In addition, the screw can be equipped with a hexagonal head. The screw head is cylindrical, rounded cylindrical, semicircular, countersunk, half-countersunk or lenticular in shape. There are self-tapping screws (with a sharp or flat end), which, during the screwing process, make a thread in the material to be joined. The socket head screw is indispensable in cases where it is necessary to mount in a cylindrical recess. Screw connections are used in the presence of an internal thread in the materials to be joined without using a nut and do not involve frequent assembly and disassembly. From an aesthetic point of view, screw connections (especially when using countersunk head parts) compare favorably with bolted connections.

Hairpins

A hairpin is a fastener in the form of a cylindrical rod with external threads at both ends or along the entire length of the rod. Studded connection is used when there is a thread in one of the materials to be joined. Fixation is carried out with a nut (a washer is added if necessary). It should be noted that the use of studs does not decorate the appearance of the joint.

Wood screws

A screw is a fastener in the form of a rod with a special external thread, a threaded tapered end and a head at the other end, which forms a thread in the hole of the wood or plastic product to be connected. In this case, the special thread has a pointed triangular profile and a large cavity width in comparison with the width of the tooth. This is the most commonly used class of fastener in construction and finishing work. It is irreplaceable when installing drywall sheets on a metal (self-tapping screw with frequent threads) or wooden (self-tapping screws with rare threads) frame. Various types of screws are used when performing roofing, facade works, when joining metal sheets. The roof screw has a hex head and is equipped with a regular washer and a weather-resistant timeless rubber sealing washer. It is produced painted (up to 18 colors), and therefore its use contributes to the creation of an aesthetically dignified appearance of the building. The structure of the slots and screw heads does not differ from similar screw elements. Plumbing screws have a hex head.

Nuts

A nut is a fastener with a threaded hole and a torque-transmitting structural member. It is used in bolted and stud connections, often in combination with a washer. In addition to the ordinary one, several special types of nuts are used. A cap nut (an element with spherical and flat end surfaces and a blind threaded hole) is used as a decorative nut. The wing nut has flat protruding elements for transmitting torque and is hand-tightened. The self-locking nut has a nylon insert that prevents unintentional loosening. A similar detail is used at increased vibration loads. In addition, mention should be made of the flanged nut, castellated nut, elongated nut, slotted nut and weld nut.

Washers

A washer is a fastener with a hole that is placed under a nut or head of a bolt or screw to increase the bearing surface and / or prevent them from self-loosening. There are several types of washers. The flat washer has a flat bearing surface. The washer, which serves to prevent self-loosening of fasteners by means of structural elements, is called a lock washer. A spring washer (also called a grover) is a split circular washer, the ends of which are located in different planes, which serves to prevent self-loosening of fasteners due to its elastic deformation under load. It is made of spring steel, like a lock washer (it looks like a grover, but does not have a cut).

Rivets

A rivet is a fastener in the form of a smooth cylindrical rod with a head at one end, which serves to obtain a permanent connection due to the formation of a head at the other end of the rod by plastic deformation. Currently, traction rivets are used for work with the use of plasterboard or metal sheets. As a rule, the stem of the rivet is made of steel. Installed using a special apparatus.

Dowels and anchors

The basic principle on which anchors and dowels work can be demonstrated with a simple example. A hole is drilled in the concrete wall, a wooden cork is placed into it, into which a nail is driven. It is precisely the need for reliable fastening in solid foundations that causes the appearance of anchors and dowels. Anchoring (dowel) fastening consists of two elements. First, it is a sleeve that fits into a pre-drilled hole. A frictional force arises between the liner and the base material. This is due to the mechanical expansion of the sleeve in the hole - which can be achieved in different ways. A fastener is inserted into the sleeve - a bolt, screw, hairpin, screw, special nail. In addition, anchoring can take place with an external or internal stop. Anchors are designed to withstand high loads and are therefore made of metal. The dowels are designed for lower loads and are made of plastic (nylon, polyethylene). From the areas of practical application of anchors, we should mention the installation of door frames, special dowels are used to install window packages.

Fasteners (in most cases, they are made of steel, including stainless or acid-resistant), as a rule, have special coatings that can be protective or decorative. Protective coatings protect the part from the corrosive effects of the external environment. Decorative coatings impart proper aesthetic qualities to the appearance of the product. Mainly zinc and chromium are used for protective coatings. For decorative - copper, nickel and chrome.

Let's consider the most commonly used types of coatings for fasteners. First of all, it is a zinc protective coating, which is found in two versions. Hot-dip galvanized coating is obtained by immersing the product in molten zinc (temperature 450-480 degrees). The layer of such a coating ranges from 50 to 150 microns. Electro-galvanized coating (thickness 5-35 microns) is formed by galvanizing. The anti-corrosion resistance of the zinc coating can be increased by passing the product in a solution of chromic acid, as a result of which a chromate film is formed on the surface of the part (a compound of zinc with chromium). Even scratches do not affect the protective properties of this film. Products with such a coating are called yellow passable. If further painting or varnishing is expected, then it is advisable to use phosphated fasteners. This coating has good anti-corrosion properties and increases the adhesion of paints and varnishes.

This overview of fasteners is necessarily concise and certainly far from exhaustive. It does not cover some special fastener parts such as pins and cotter pins. A separate topic is also fastenings that involve the use of adhesives - adhesive anchors

Fasteners for special purposes are used to connect various structures, as well as in complex mechanisms, where standard fasteners are not suitable. They are made of high quality solid steel that can withstand high mechanical stress. Special fasteners, like regular fasteners, have metric or inch threads.

What are special fasteners

In fact, there are not so many special fasteners. All available products can be divided into two categories - rigid fixation and rigging.

Rigid fixing elements are used to connect fixed products, and rigging are used to fix cables or ropes. Special fasteners are presented on the market with an extensive assortment of various variations, which have the simplest design, but differ in size and other non-essential characteristics, which allows them to be grouped into categories.

Fasteners rigid fixation

Rigid fasteners include only three product categories:

Hairpins.
Fittings.
Bosses.

Hairpin

The hairpin is a threaded metal rod. Such fasteners are of various sizes and are made of metals with a wide range of hardness, therefore, they differ in physical and mechanical properties. Large studs are used for foundation work. With their help, the metal frame is attached to the concrete, and the stands of advertising billboards are fixed to the blocks. There are only two main categories of studs:

Double-sided thread.
Full threaded.

Bilateral the studs have a clean, unthreaded area in the center. There is a right-hand thread from one end of the stud, and a left-hand thread from the other. This design is often used to mount a cylinder head in a vehicle. Part of the fastener is screwed into the aluminum engine block, and a head is threaded onto the free end, which is clamped with nuts.

Full thread the studs have the same type of thread that runs from edge to edge. You can screw a nut onto them and scroll along the entire length. Classic threaded clamps work according to this principle. Such pins are widely used in construction to create various structures. In particular, they are used for the installation of sandwich panels, etc.

Union

A union is a common special fastener that is used to connect pipes to pipes or hoses. The main condition is the presence of a thread on at least one element. They are usually used in water and gas pipelines. Also household appliances that use water or gas are connected with the help of fittings. There are fittings on washing machines, dishwashers, gas stoves, boilers, etc.

There are four categories of fittings:

Connecting.
Welded.
Swivel.
Transient.

Connective the fitting is a metal tube of various lengths, at both ends of which an external thread is rolled. The nipple is inserted between two pipes with prepared female threads and screwed onto them. Since the threads are opposite, when the union is turned, it enters simultaneously into both ends of the pipes. In its center there is a groove for a wrench. There are also fittings with an internal thread, which, on the contrary, are screwed onto the tubes.

Welded the fitting is a metal tube, on the outside of one of the ends of which a thread is cut. The clean edge is welded to the unthreaded pipe using electric welding. Another threaded pipe is screwed onto the other end of the fastener. The use of such an element allows you to make a water or gas branch, or simply lengthen the pipe. Often, such fasteners do not have a metric, but an inch thread, which is used in engineering systems.

Turning the nipple has a movable design that allows the hose flange to rotate. The use of such a fastener is very convenient in cases where it is not desirable to allow the hose to be twisted when twisting the fitting.

Transitional the fitting is almost the same special fastener as the connecting piece, but with a slight difference. Its ends have different diameters. This makes it possible to connect pipes of different thickness.

Lugs

The boss is similar in design to the spigot, but still has some differences. It is a tall nut that is screwed onto a tube - for example, to connect measuring equipment such as a pressure gauge. Along the entire surface of the boss there is a hexagonal groove for the possibility of tightening with a wrench. The connection thread is inside the tube. The diameter of the outlet holes on different sides of the fastener may differ. The thread for connecting to the pipe is often made in inch format, and for the pressure gauge in metric format. The lugs are made from stainless steel or copper alloys.

Rigging fasteners

Rigging special fasteners are more diverse than the classic ones:

Brace.
Lanyards.
Carbines.
Hooks.
Clamps.
Koushi.
Blocks.
Swivels.
Eye nuts and bolts.

Staple is a curved rod, the edges of which are connected by a finger or a transverse bolt and nut. This is a very common fastener that allows a reliable connection of the cable to various supports. It is made of solid steel and zinc plated. There are both small staples and quite large ones.

Lanyard is a screw tie that allows you to create a strong tension during rotation with minimal effort. This element is a frame or ring with metal rods screwed into its body. One of them ends with a hook, and the second with a ring. When rotating the frames, the rods are screwed inward, which ensures the creation of tension. This is a reusable system that can perform as well as a hydraulic jack, but for an interference rather than a lift.

Carbine Is an element for quick connection of chains and cables. It is a metal rod bent and connected by its ends, at one end of which there is a special spring mechanism that holds the removable segment. By moving the segment back, a cable ring or a chain link can be brought into the carabiner.

Hook is a metal rod, at one end of which there is a thread, and the other is twisted in a half ring. It screws into a variety of materials such as wood or dowels and holds suspended elements. There are also designs in which a ring is used instead of a hook. It is necessary to use such special fasteners with care, since the hook can be straightened under the influence of a large weight.

Clamp for cable is a metal plate into which a curved rod is inserted in the form of a bracket. Nuts are screwed at its ends. The clamp allows you to create a secure loop of the cable that will not break. It is enough to insert the double-folded cable into the holes of the clamp and tighten the bolts.

Koushi are an insert made of a metal rod bent in the shape of a triangle or drop. They are used to increase the bend radius when creating rope knots. Thimbles are an alternative to clasps for making loops. They are cheaper and, when knotted correctly, provide a stronger connection. Their only drawback is that you have to use quite a lot of rope to prepare the knot. Often, thimbles are used in conjunction with clamps when guaranteed strength is needed.

Block is a special fastener that is used for lifting work. In its design, a pulley is provided into which a cable or rope can be inserted. By obtaining the axis of rotation, it is easier to apply forces to lift the weight.

Depending on the design, the unit can be solid or folding. If it is solid, then in order to carry out the work, it is necessary to first wind the end of the cable like a thread into the eye of a needle. In the hinged design, everything is much simpler. On its side there is a special segment that can be pushed back to wind a rope or cable without having to look for an end, which is especially convenient if a long coil is used.

Swivel is a steel ring with a metal rod inserted into the side hole, with a small ring at the end. The use of a swivel prevents the rope or rope from twisting. This fastener allows you to extend the life of the used coil and damp the swing. When the cable is turned inside out, the swivel is simply turned, thereby compensating for such actions, avoiding kinking. Similar to a rigging swivel, but in miniature can be found on a leash for walking dogs, and bags. Also, the swivel is used in fishing tackle.

Eye bolts and eye nuts are a bolt or nut to which the ring is welded. This design has much in common with a lifting hook, but is more reliable. All its elements are firmly welded together. This eliminates the straightening of the bend, which is a common hook problem. Eye nuts and bolts come in a variety of sizes. They are always made from steel only.

Threaded and riveted joints are widely used in all branches of mechanical engineering, and they account for up to 35% of the total labor intensity of assembly work. The range of fasteners used is large and tends to grow. This is due to the fact that the creation of new progressive products, as a rule, more expensive, does not exclude the possibility of using traditional cheap fasteners (bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, washers) in simple low-loaded assemblies (bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, washers) that guarantee the required consumer qualities of machines. For example, the US industry produces more than two million types of fasteners, including more than 50 thousand standard (in US terminology), for a total amount of several billion dollars a year.

The classifier of state standards refers to fasteners for general machine-building use to the GZ group, which includes the following classes: G31 - bolts; G32 - screws, studs; ГЗЗ - nuts; G34 - rivets; G36 - washers, cotter pins; G37 - pins; G38 - other industrial hardware. Currently, many types of progressive fasteners that are absent in the Classifier of State Standards have been developed and mastered in various industries of the machine-building complex. The variety of fasteners in terms of constructive, technological, functional and other characteristics makes it difficult to comprehensively classify and describe them. However, all fasteners can be divided into five groups. The classification is based on one most characteristic feature that determined the name of each group, namely: fasteners for mass use; high strength threaded fasteners; fasteners for one-sided setting and shockless riveting; fasteners for high-life and tight connections; fasteners for joining polymer composite materials.

The conventionality of the proposed classification is that in each group there is a certain nomenclature of fasteners that can be attributed to another group. For example, in the group of fasteners for one-sided setting and non-impact riveting, some bolt rivet designs are designed for high-life connections or for composite materials. At the same time, each of the groups includes fasteners of several classes according to the Classifier of State Standards. For example, the group of high-strength fasteners includes classes of bolts, screws, nuts, and the group of high-resource fasteners - classes of bolts, rivets, etc.

However, the proposed classification allows designers and technologists to relatively easily understand a wide variety of fasteners and take into account their specific features in the design and development of technological processes for assembling detachable and non-detachable joints, and will also assist specialists involved in the design and organization of specialized production of fasteners.

It is often very difficult to name the fastener correctly. What is it? Bolt or screw, anchor or dowel. Given the wide variety of this class of products and the complexity in their correct name, let us turn to GOST, which regulates the names and terms.

Below are some of the most commonly used terms and definitions in accordance with GOST 27017-86 for fasteners and their structural elements.

	A fastener in the form of a rod with an external thread at one end, with a head on the other, forming a connection by means of a nut or a threaded hole in one of the connected products.
	Fastener for forming a connection or fixing, made in the form of a rod with an external thread at one end and a structural element for transmitting torque at the other. Note: The structural element of the screw for transmitting torque can be a slotted head, a knurled head or, in the absence of a head, a slot in the end of the rod.
	A fastener in the form of a rod with an external special thread, a threaded tapered end and a head at the other end, forming a thread in the hole of the wood or plastic product to be connected. Note: The special thread has a triangular, pointed profile and a wider root in comparison to the width of the tooth.
	Fastener in the form of a cylindrical rod with external threads at both ends or along the entire length of the rod.
	Fastener in the form of a cylindrical or conical rod for fixing products during assembly.
	Fastener with threaded hole and torque transmission component. Note: The structural element of the nut for transmitting torque can be a polyhedron, knurling on the side surface, end and radial holes, splines, etc.
	A fastener with a hole that is placed under a nut or head of a bolt or screw to increase the support surface and / or prevent them from self-loosening.
	Fastener in the form of a semicircular wire rod folded in half to form a head.
	Fastener in the form of a smooth cylindrical rod with a head at one end, which serves to obtain a permanent connection due to the formation of a head at the other end of the rod by plastic deformation.
	A bolt with a shank diameter greater than the nominal thread diameter.
	A bolt, the head of which is made in the form of a movable part of the articulated joint.
	A bolt, the diameter of the smooth part of the rod of which is determined from the condition of ensuring the shear operation of the connection.
	A bolt with a special head shape, which serves to fasten the equipment to the foundation. Note: The special shape of the head can represent the extended legs of the slotted part of the rod, the bent part of the rod, etc.
	A screw whose diameter of the smooth part of the shank is less than the internal diameter of the thread.
	A screw that forms a special thread in the hole of one of the plastic or metal products to be connected.
	Self-tapping screw with a drill shaped end.
	A screw with a specially shaped end, which serves to fix the products relative to each other. Note: The special shape of the end can be cylindrical, conical, flat, etc.
	A cylindrical pin with a longitudinal groove along its length, made of spring steel.
	Hexagon nut with radial slots for the cotter pin on the side of one of the end surfaces.
	Hexagonal nut, part of which is made in the form of a cylinder with radially located slots for the cotter pin.
	Nut with spherical and flat end surfaces and a tapped blind hole.
	Nut with flat protruding elements for torque transmission.
	Washer with flat seating surface.
	Split round washer, the ends of which are located in different planes, which serves to prevent self-unscrewing of fasteners during its elastic deformation under load.
	Washer used to prevent self-loosening of fasteners with the help of structural elements. Note: The structural elements of the washer are legs, socks, teeth, etc.
	Rivet with tubular shank.
	Rivet, the end of the rod of which has a tubular section.

Fasteners elements

Kernel. A part of a fastener that directly enters the holes of the connected products or is screwed into the material of one of them.

Fastener head. A part of a fastener that has a rod that serves to transmit torque and / or form a support surface.

Bolt head. A smooth part of the bolt shank of a cylindrical, oval or square shape, directly adjacent to the head and serving to center the bolt or prevent it from turning.

Fastener collar. A protrusion on the supporting surface of a polyhedral nut, head of a bolt or screw, made in the form of a cylinder or truncated cone with a diameter greater than the diameter of their circumscribed circle.

Support ledge of the fastener. A collar on the bearing surface of a polyhedral nut or bolt head that is smaller than the wrench size.

Note: Wrench size means the distance between opposite faces of a polyhedral nut or bolt head, screw, measured in a plane normal to their axis.

Fastener slot. A specially shaped recess at the end of the head of a bolt, screw or screw, at the end of the headless set screw, along the generatrix or at the end of the nut.

Note: The shape of the slot can be hex, cruciform, through or blind, etc.

Bolt spike. A protrusion on the bearing surface of the bolt head, which serves to prevent it from turning.

Bolt mustache. A protrusion on the bearing surface of the head and the bolt shaft, which serves to prevent it from turning.

Gimlet. Threaded tapered end of a screw, used for threading a wood or plastic product when forming a connection.

GOST 27017-86 fully complies with ISO 1891-79 and should be used in conjunction with GOST 11708-82 “Thread. Terms and Definitions". GOST 27017-86 establishes terms and definitions for fasteners for general machine-building applications. The standards set only basic terms. Today, when new types of fasteners appear in Russia, the process of terminology formation is observed, strictly speaking, this is a constant process. The desire of market participants to avoid misunderstandings in names is quite natural.