Extractor between bathroom and toilet. All about ventilation in the bathroom and toilet. Which forced ventilation system to choose

Clean air promotes well-being and cheerfulness. Indoors, this is ensured by ventilation and ventilation. In the toilet and bathroom freshness is needed no less than in the rest of the house. There is a built-in ventilation. Let's talk in detail

her, why she is needed, about the design, types and methods of her work.

The system is necessary not only for the supply of clean air. Thanks to it, they achieve the optimal temperature, as well as the level of humidity and oxygen.
In a small room without the possibility of ventilation, stale and specific air accumulates. Toilet air freshener won't help. It hides odors, not eliminates them. In the bathroom, ventilation is necessary to combat high humidity. After taking a shower or bath without well-functioning ventilation, it will take a long time for this room to bounce back.

ventilation

Checking work

The toilet and bathroom in apartments, even with a divided wall, have one air outlet leading to the shaft. In private houses, a different ventilation system may be provided. This is especially true if it has several floors. In simple houses, the room may have a window for ventilation. In cottages, a shaft type is installed.
The function test is carried out through the technological air holes. The presence of thrust is analyzed by a lighter or a sheet of paper, which is brought to the grate. The fire should go out or turn towards the ventilated window, and the sheet should be attracted to the hole. If this does not happen, then the system is failing.

Do you know why the natural condition deteriorates sharply? There are several.

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

What to do?

If a problem is found, first of all, it is necessary to clean the mine. In apartment buildings, this is done by special services serving them. The brigades have special equipment for work.

But, in the apartment, the tenant can check the available area on their own. To do this, remove the grate and view the visible area, helping yourself with a flashlight. Often accumulated debris or a dead bird can be removed with a spatula or other device while in the apartment. But this must be done carefully. You can not highlight the ventilation with a lighter. If there is dry garbage there, then a flame will instantly flare up and spread to all floors.

bathroom door

Sometimes it is enough to depressurize the door to the toilet or bathroom to increase air circulation. Of course, if it is a matter of a high threshold, you should not lose it, since in the event of a water spill, it will protect the rest of the dwelling from the flood. It is better to provide special slots in the door itself. This is achieved by trimming or installing gratings.

It must be borne in mind that by installing airtight windows in the house and insulating the walls, the owners deprive themselves of the natural circulation in the house. Clean air can only get in if the vents are open. But there is another option. On sale there is a so-called supply valve. Some models cut directly into the window structure at the top of the frame. Then they are ordered when installing windows.
However, when the windows are already installed, they acquire a valve on the wall. For installation, it must be drilled through. Usually the valves are placed next to the windows and covered with curtains. Another good place is behind the batteries. Then the air warms up, getting into the room.

Ventilation in the restroom

System types

Ventilation is divided into two types:

The latter, in turn, happens:

exhaust;
supply;
supply and exhaust.

For the house, the window in the bathroom will not only establish natural air circulation, but also become a source of lighting. The same purpose is served by a window between the kitchen and the bathroom. It was invented to save electricity. It was believed that during the day it was not necessary to turn on the light bulb, since natural light was enough.

The cheapest way to solve the problem of air exchange in the house is a ventilation hole that goes directly to the street. In this case, additional blinds for adjustment can be provided, a fan is installed to implement forced ventilation.

Previously, natural air exchange was often carried out due to drafts. This was due to the use of not the highest quality materials, for example, a door that did not close tightly, or the use of old window frames. The use of new technologies excluded drafts from the premises. Now they appear only if the windows are opened on purpose.

Valves for natural ventilation

In case of disruption of the work of natural air exchange, a forced view will save the situation. If there is a mine providing for natural ventilation, then it is being redone. In multi-storey buildings, the use of such is prohibited.. After all, because of this, the air exchange among the neighbors will be disturbed. However, many do not pay attention to prohibitions, and install forced ventilation in apartments.
In private houses and cottages, a fan can be installed in mines. But, it is better to do this during construction work.

The most commonly used overhead fan. Depending on the model, it has the following features:

It is convenient to use a channel device in the house installed in the attic in the ventilation pipe. It serves both as a toilet and a bathroom. The main thing is to correctly calculate the power, taking into account the number of people living in the house and square meters.

Forced ventilation in the bathroom

Which forced ventilation system to choose?

The most common way to establish air circulation is to install a hood. But in a large family this is not enough. Then, instead of the hood, a supply is used. In this case, the air enters the room, and does not leave it. The old air is replaced by new air, providing air exchange.

But one inflow is rarely used. Usually, for optimal ventilation, an integrated system is provided, where the hood works together with the supply. The exhaust opening is installed at the top, and the supply - at the bottom. Relative to each other, the arrangement should be diagonal. Due to this, the air corridor will increase.

Installing forced ventilation at home is not so difficult. Let's see how it's done.

To reduce noise, it is advisable to additionally lay a sealant between the wall and the fan.

ventilation

It happens that after installation, instead of output, air began to be sucked in from the mine. Then you will have to install another fan with a special valve that does not allow back draft.

But did you know that if the toilet and bath are separated, ventilation is also organized between them? To do this, a pipe is laid in the space behind the ceiling or two fans are installed: between the bathroom and the toilet, as well as in the exhaust vent.

Air conditioner

The most convenient, but also expensive device for providing circulation is air conditioning. A good and correctly installed model maintains the desired level of humidity, saturates the air with oxygen, and also deodorizes and ionizes it, supplying it in the most comfortable mode. The device is switched on and off manually or adjusted in such a way that a certain temperature is maintained in the room. The most expensive models also include sensors for humidity and other parameters, due to which the automation determines when it is necessary to turn on the work so that the microclimate of the house remains comfortable for residents.

Closed and outdoor loops

In apartment buildings, an outdoor cycle is always used, in which air comes from the external environment. However, in cottages and private houses, a closed cycle is often used when it is run indoors. This keeps the heat in the house and saves money on heating. To maintain cleanliness and freshness, special filters are installed.

Conclusion

This is how it works ventilation in the bathroom and toilet. Now you know how to provide clean and fresh air in these areas, and make living at home more comfortable. Follow the recommendations in the article, and let everything work out for you!

Installing a VENTS Silenta-S fan in a bathroom

At the time of planning the interior and finishing work in the bathroom, you need to pay attention to a very serious issue, this properly functioning ventilation device. Well-arranged ventilation in the bathroom and toilet performs not only the role of the main air exchange, but also guarantees the entry of fresh air into the room.

With the help of a well-equipped ventilation system, nasty stench and excessive moisture are eliminated from the bathroom and toilet rooms. Therefore, due to a well-thought-out and well-mounted system of proper ventilation, the owners, in whose apartment such an air hood is installed, should not worry about the appearance of various molds and smells of dampness.

Ventilation system.

The building regulations prescribed in the reference books clearly establish the necessary standards that must be followed to achieve a good result when ventilating bathrooms with a high concentration of humid air.

According to the norms, ventilation ensures the supply of fresh condensate in the amount of 25 cubic meters per hour for the bath and toilet rooms, and for a room with combined bathrooms, the norm will be 50 cubic meters per hour. These are average standards for ventilation systems. Sometimes such norms may be recommended to increase to 150 cubic meters per hour.

Depending on the type of air ventilation, ventilation can be divided into natural and forced system . In the first variant, ventilation of the room is carried out due to the difference, which occurs due to different air pressure outside and inside the room.

Air flows through doors and windows, as well as special ventilation holes in the toilet and bathroom. True, it should be noted that due to the special internal arrangement of the bathrooms, the use of a natural method of ventilating a room does not always make it possible to obtain the desired result. To arrange a natural way of ventilation in the room, you need to make an opening connecting the hole for natural ventilation in the house with the bathroom.

During the implementation of a forced or artificial method of ventilation of sanitary facilities, apply specialized fans , giving an intense flow of fresh air, ensuring good air exchange.

Often, an electric fan directs air flows from the bathroom to the street, while fresh air enters the bathroom from the rest of the apartment.

Very often, owners install a small toilet in the toilet with their own hands. electric fan - an air vent, even considering that the house has excellent natural ventilation, this is done to speed up the cleaning of the air space in the room from disgusting odors.

If the owners fail to get good, natural ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, forced ventilation in the premises must be installed.

Types of ventilation.

Ventilation is divided depending on its application into:

Exhaust type of ventilation installed in the premises.
Supply type ventilation.
Mixed ventilation in rooms.

Exhaust ventilation of premises , described by us earlier, is when fresh air enters the room through external sources, squeezing out the old air mass due to the pressure difference.

Supply type of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet rooms it is performed in a different way, the air mass warmed up from the outside is squeezed out through special vents.

During operation mixed system Air ventilation uses an adjustable flow of air mass in rooms for various purposes.

The ventilation system may or may not have a duct to ventilate the airflow, thus it is subdivided into channel and non-channel.

If possible, duct ventilation should be avoided. The best way out in this case is to slightly expand the hole in the wall, which serves as an exit to the common ventilation duct of a multi-storey building, and mount a small fan in it to extract air.

In separate toilet and bathroom, if there is only one ventilation hole with access to the general ventilation in the house, another hole with a fan is made between the bathroom and the toilet.

Installation of a special channel for ventilation makes sense in those places where enhanced ventilation of the room from polluted or humid air space is necessary.

Diagnostics of the ventilation system.

Before you improve ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with its device and diagnose its condition.

How to check ventilation in the easiest way, finding out if everything is in order with her. To do this, we first study air draft, you need to bring a burning match or a torch to the ventilation hole. Fluctuations or displacements of the flame towards the ventilation duct are proof that everything is in order with the air draft. In hot or calm weather, air draft is significantly reduced compared to windy or cool weather. It is desirable to carry out such diagnostics both with the door to the bathroom open and closed, in addition, for a better effect, you need to open a window in the apartment that faces the street. In the event of a decrease in the supply of fresh air, it is best to install means that will complement the ventilation system. Usually, in this case, to improve the ventilation process, special gratings are mounted in the doors to the bathroom and toilet, due to which the normal supply of fresh air mass is carried out with the doors tightly closed.

Even if there is good air draft in the system, it is not always possible to draw a conclusion about the normal functioning of ventilation. How to make the ventilation in the toilet and bathroom work normally, the way out is quite simple. To do this, it is necessary to check the working condition of the air exchange channel, which may have ceased to function normally as a result of unprofessional repair work or due to some unidentified reasons. By completely eliminating various blockages and blockages in the channel, it is possible to change the operation of the air ventilation system for the better.

Fan characteristics.

By purchasing vent fan , it is imperative to evaluate the noise that comes from the operation of the device. During normal operation, the amount of noise should not exceed 35 decibels. At the same time, in the room, as a result of air circulation, fresh air should update the room from 5 to 8 times in one hour. To calculate the performance of the device, you need to multiply the space of the room, calculated in cubic meters, by 5, and increase the result by 20%. Fans differ in the way of installation, devices of the same type are installed in the duct itself for ventilation, there are also radial devices mounted at the outlet of the duct. Such fans have a discreet appearance, as they are hidden from the inside. Radial models usually have a decent look in order to fit into the overall interior of the room.

Fan models can also have a strong difference:

Ordinary axial devices , supply the air mass along the axis of the structure using the blades used for channelless devices.
IN diametral devices low productivity, a drum-type wheel is used.
Centrifugal models have an increased coefficient of efficiency in operation, as well as a high level of noise.
Centrifugal axial fans emit less noise, but give the same effect during operation as centrifugal models of devices.

Improving ventilation in the toilet and bathroom, in some cases, timers and gyrostats are mounted on fans, with which it is possible to extend the operation of the device to achieve a better result.

Devices whose power is extremely weak cannot perform effective weathering of odors and moisture, but it is not advisable to operate high-power models either. Appliances with high power can give such a high-intensity air flow that the air will not come from outside, but from various ventilation holes, in which case the stale air will again enter the room.

Ventilation system device.

If for some reason there is no ventilation system in the room, it is necessary to immediately ventilate the bathroom, this is not too difficult a process.

High-rise buildings are designed so that the ventilation shaft is located behind the wall of the bathroom or toilet room. Mounting the correct forced ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is not very difficult. It is necessary to make a neat vent, if it was not there, then attach an axial-type radial fan from the inside of the hole, and connect it to electricity in compliance with all norms and requirements for the operation of electrical devices in high humidity conditions.

The outlet for aesthetics is covered with a beautifully made grille. If the living area has a shared sanitary unit, and the ventilation hole is located on the wall between the two rooms, the second fan is installed in the manner described above. In some cases, it is very convenient to use decorative grilles specially designed for the installation of fans in them.

It is much more difficult to install ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, when the ventilation shaft borders on another room; in this case, installation of a channel hood is provided. To start work on the device, you need to choose a place for the vent of the bathroom and in the toilet. After that, you need to think over a plan for constructing a ventilation duct, through which the air masses will go into the mine.

ventilation ducts they differ in the following characteristics:

Rectangular or round box made of plastic.
Hard and soft type boxes made from corrugated iron.
Rectangular boxes made of plain or galvanized sheet.

Plastic products light and very simple when installing forced ventilation in the bathroom. They are much more durable than metal products, have a lower price and are easier to maintain. For this reason, plastic products are actively replacing metal products in the building materials market today. As for the use of corrugated products, its use is extremely rare, and this does not have any effect on the overall picture.

The box is best installed even before the start of the main repair work, but the installation of electrical equipment and gratings on the outlet is carried out after the main finish. At the final stage, the installed equipment is checked.

Errors that are possible with the ventilation device.

Sometimes it happens that the newly installed forced ventilation in the bathroom malfunctions and does not meet its requirements. This is a consequence of improper installation of the device and some errors made at the time of installation. Even before starting installation work, you need to clearly know how to make ventilation in the bathroom and toilet.

Here are some mistakes that are often made at work:

The ventilation channel is not designed correctly, this creates difficulties for the movement of air flow.
Rupture of hermetic connections of the ventilation duct.
Incorrectly installed fans, while they make a lot of noise.
The ventilation duct stretches through the rooms, creating unnecessary noise with its work.

Most of these unpleasant problems can be avoided. How to make ventilation correctly, for this you need to pay attention even at the stage of drawing up and thinking over a plan for the future installation of the structure. If all this was not done, and unpleasant problems arose already during the operation of the ventilation system, in this case a complete redesign of the entire structure may be required.

Another way to make forced ventilation work properly is to use different noise absorbers and installation of a more powerful fan .

How to make ventilation in the bathroom is a really serious question. He does not stand in front of a resident of city apartments, because natural ventilation has already been installed in the bathroom in an apartment building. But in many private houses built 30-50 years ago, this problem is acute. Because in those days, few people cared about ventilation in general, and even more so in the bathroom.

The importance of ventilation in the bathroom

Ventilation in the bathroom - a system at the level of plumbing and sewerage. I mean, it's also important. After all, this room belongs to the category of wet, here the humidity is often almost one hundred percent. And this is condensate, which negatively affects the condition of surfaces, plumbing and furniture. So, humidity must be understood. Which way? Only ventilation.

Slots and leaks in the door and windows solve this problem inefficiently. Smudges on the walls and drops on the ceiling, a misted mirror, wet towels are not the only negative factors in the lack of a ventilation system. Humidity is the cause of the appearance of mold and fungi, which in turn will adversely affect the health of the residents of the house. The appearance of a musty smell is also the reason for the lack of an extract.

Therefore, ventilation in the bathroom must be equipped without fail, even if the house has already been built and is in operation. At the same time, it is necessary to install a better forced system in the rooms with a maximum outflow of moist air. Today, a combination of two systems is increasingly being used, when the fan turns on during the use of the bathroom, and when the room is idle, natural ventilation functions.

Norms and requirements

In principle, the main requirement for a bathroom is an air exchange in it, equal to 25 m³ / h. It doesn't matter what size it is. And if in other service premises (except for the toilet and kitchen) the air mass exchange rate is taken, then a standard value is required here. It is under it that the ventilation in the bathroom is equipped.

It is important to adhere to one strict requirement - the volume of supply air must be the same or more than the exhaust air.

Types of ventilation in the bathroom

As in other areas of the house, the bathroom can use either natural ventilation or forced ventilation.

Natural

Equipping natural ventilation in the bathroom, it is necessary to strictly take into account the norms of air exchange. Indeed, in such a system there are no devices and devices that forcibly (forcedly) removed the exhaust air. Therefore, it is important to choose the right section of the ventilation duct, which is equipped in this room.

For example, a square shaft with sides equal to 10 cm, or a round pipe with a diameter of 150 mm, pass 30 m³ / h through itself. That is, the installed ventilation shaft with such dimensional parameters will be sufficient to provide the required air exchange. But, as mentioned in the previous section, another important component of the air flow is the flow of air into the room. Therefore, it must be organized.

For example, they do this.

Leave a gap between the door leaf and the floor, through which the air flow enters the bathroom. In this case, the air flow is organized through the living quarters.
Make holes in the bottom of the door.
A through hole is made in the wall closer to the floor, where the air supply valve is inserted.

The first option is used most often.

Forced

This option is considered optimal, because it becomes possible to create all conditions for the most efficient air outflow. To do this, you will have to correctly calculate the performance of the fan. In principle, it should be no less than air exchange, that is, no less than 25 m³ / h.

From the wide variety of offered fans, the one that seems more acceptable to you for the bathroom is selected. Namely, whether it matches the design with the finish. And will it fit in the size of the hole in the ventilation duct.

The last requirement requires clarification.

If this is a wall fan, then it should close the hole in the wall or stream, but the blades of the device itself should not be much larger than the diameter of the hole.
If it's a channel instance, then it just needs to fit snugly into the channel.

In some cases, it is necessary to widen the hole in order to install the device. This requires certain sacrifices if, for example, ceramic tiles have already been laid. Around the hole, it will have to be dismantled or cut off. But in any case, with the help of a fan, the exhaust system will work better.

How to understand that it is necessary to improve the ventilation system

The first sign is the appearance of mold in the corners of the room. This indicates that the humidity is high and constant. That is, ventilation does not have time to remove air outside the room. Here she is deposited in the corners. And heat creates additional conditions for the appearance of microorganisms.

How to improve ventilation in the bathroom

Everything will depend on what is causing the poorly functioning ventilation. If the bathroom uses a natural system, then there are two reasons:

Insufficient air supply. It can be increased by increasing the gap between the floor and the door leaf.
The ventilation shaft is blocked. This is a more serious problem that requires a serious approach to its solution. The channel must be cleaned, which is not always possible with an independent approach. If this is ventilation in a private house in which a conventional riser is installed through the floors and the roof, then you can try to lower the load from above so that it pushes the garbage inside. And already from the inside of the room to get the last one.

If a forced system is used in the bathroom, then it is necessary to check whether the installed fan is suitable for performance. It may also turn out that he simply cannot cope with air exchange.

These are the three reasons that need to be addressed in order to improve the ventilation in the bathroom.

How to make ventilation in the bathroom with your own hands

In principle, ventilation in the bathroom is not a problem. The main thing is to accurately set a goal - it will be natural or forced.

Natural

To do this, make a hole in the wall for a pipe with a diameter of 110-150 mm. It is done under the ceiling in the wall, which will separate the room from the street. An air valve is inserted into this hole, which is closed on both sides with decorative grilles. It is better to choose a valve with a regulator in the form of a handle and a valve, with which you can close the hole and open or leave a small gap.

Forced

Instead of a valve, a fan must be installed in the same hole made in the wall.

If this is a wall model, then a plastic pipe must be inserted into the wall, which is covered with a grill from the outside.
If this is a channel option, then the device itself is installed in the wall and closed with bars on both sides.

The most difficult thing in this business is to make a through hole, which will require a puncher and a diamond crown of the required diameter. Installing and fixing the fan is simple. The wall-mounted one is attached to the wall with four self-tapping screws on plastic dowels, the channel one is simply inserted into the hole without any fasteners. If necessary, the gap between the device and the wall is filled with mounting foam.

To create a favorable microclimate in the shower room, a high-quality air purification system is necessary. Forced ventilation in the bathroom qualitatively performs the duties assigned to it. It allows you to normalize the functioning of the room, save it from dampness, high humidity, which is due not only to comfort, but also to sanitary and hygienic standards. It is through the exhaust opening that the space is filled with freshness, which relieves it of various microorganisms.

Health check

In order to establish the health of natural air exchange, it is necessary to adhere to the following evaluation criteria:

After bath procedures, misted mirrors remain in the room, as well as ceramic tiles and other interior items, which indicates a ventilation malfunction.
The paper brought to the exhaust outlet in the toilet does not press against the barricade, this is the second sign of problems.

You can improve the ventilation in the room in the following ways:

mine cleaning;
installation of an additional fan;
installation of a forced air exchange system.

Varieties

It is no secret that during the construction of houses, special parameters are provided that regulate the state of hygiene standards. That's what it's set for. The calculated indicator of the functioning of the system should be 25 m 3 / h of fresh air in the apartment, but if the bathroom is combined, then the indicator increases to 50 m 3 / h. These standards directly relate to natural and artificial ventilation without exception.

The natural movement of air allows you to provide freshness to the bathroom and toilet, guided by the laws of physics. This means that nature, due to the difference in pressure and temperature, independently directs air masses into the house. Separately, it is worth noting the fact that causes significant difficulties in ventilation - the obstruction of closed plastic windows to the normal functioning of the exhaust opening.

Thus, for better ventilation of the room, they must be opened more often. An artificial system with the help of the installation of additional devices will make this task easily feasible. Fan types are divided into the following:

In addition to this gradation of the ventilation structure, there is another one. She happens:

Channelless, i.e. air exchange occurs through the generalized shafts of multi-storey or private houses.
Channel. This system is characterized by special connections to areas where intensity is needed in the process of cleaning the atmospheric masses from steam, moisture, unpleasant odors and other harmful components.

In this regard, ventilation in the bathroom and toilet room is installed together with forced systems, a fan is installed with a dedicated switch, which makes its use very convenient. This method allows you to use the system even during the reception of water procedures or visiting the toilet.

Choose a model

In order for the exhaust opening to work smoothly at the maximum of its capabilities, it is very scrupulous to approach the selection of the main functional product - the fan. Therefore, it is necessary to better study the individual points that will facilitate the procedure for determining the type of ventilation structure.

Noise level

It is quite natural that household appliances produce a certain level of sound during operation. For ventilation equipment, this indicator is always indicated in its passport. Bathrooms and toilets allow you to install a system of approximately 35 decibels, which is considered a high level of noise isolation, since this sound is not perceived by human hearing. Fans with higher sound levels are already considered unusable due to their irritability.

Engine

The device for the toilet room must have the necessary power, as well as a long margin of safety. It is these indicators that the fan motor is responsible for. Upon inspection, you should immediately pay attention to its device. There must be ball bearings and installed bushings, on which the duration of the operation of the engine depends, as well as the level of noise produced. Such models are rightfully considered the most productive, durable, silent.

Performance

This indicator is considered one of the most important for the functioning of the entire ventilation system. Due to the performance, you can calculate how much fresh air reaches the bathroom or toilet space in 60 minutes of its operation. It must be understood that fan performance is directly related to the following parameters:

room area;
humidity level;
number of active users.

The required performance of ventilation equipment can be set using a fairly simple formula. It is necessary to multiply the total volume of the desired room by a multiple of the air exchange, the indicator, which, in turn, will be the value of the amount of a complete change of atmosphere in the toilet space. For a bathroom, the approximate multiplicity will be equal to an indicator from 7 to 10 units.

Today, it is obvious that technology does not stand still, so the modern market already provides innovative copies of the ventilation system with the following functions:

automatic connection to the switch;
independent work when a certain level of humidity is reached;
program setting of tasks according to various criteria.

Model types

Ventilation structures can be equipped with various designs that significantly improve performance. They are divided into:

Installation of equipment

Today, almost each of us will be able to carry out the installation of the ventilation structure independently. For a successful completion, you need to take into account just a few useful tips:

You need to make sure that there is no clogging of the common air shaft, if the answer is no, then it should be cleaned.
It is best to create a small gap under the door for reliable traction or install a grill on the doorway.
The success of ventilation directly depends on well-chosen equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the performance of the fan, its safety and functionality in advance.
Exhaust models must bring atmospheric masses into the common air outlet channel through a special hole. This technological opening is located in each apartment, as it provides natural ventilation.
Before starting the installation, it is necessary to run the wire for the power supply.
Installation of ventilation is carried out only strictly according to the instructions from the manufacturer, which describes all the details of the process.

Video instruction

Greetings. In this article, we will consider options for installing a ventilation system for a bathroom. In addition, I will talk about how to build these systems with your own hands at home. The topic of the article is of considerable interest, since the bathroom is the place where warm, moist air and unpleasant odors periodically accumulate.

If you do not equip an efficiently functioning ventilation system in a timely manner, staying in such a room will be uncomfortable.

Consider options for ventilation for the bathroom and toilet. It is divided into exhaust, supply and combined. The exhaust scheme provides for the presence of a channel that removes air from the room, which contains an increased amount of moisture. The design of the supply ventilation is able to maximize the pressure in the room, push out warm and humid steam and capture atmospheric air. The combined device allows you to combine the air intake from the street and the outlet ventilation duct. The standard ventilation scheme used when equipping apartments in typical high-rise buildings is exhaust.

Ventilation schemes with which the air in the room will be fresher

Warm and humid air is a favorable environment for the vital activity of various pathogens and, first of all, for mold. Excessive air humidity leads to rotting of wooden parts in the finish and to the appearance of corrosion on metal parts of plumbing.

According to the degree of mechanization, the following types of ventilation system are distinguished:

Schemes of natural passive action - the movement of air is carried out due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside and outside the room;
Forced action circuits - based on the use of electrical appliances that transport air.

According to the principle of operation of the ventilation system, the bathroom is divided into the following modifications:

Exhaust circuit

The simplest in terms of implementation, but not the most effective solution. Such a scheme works by diverting exhaust air through a window or vent. The problem is that without replacement with a portion of new air, the exhausted warm air is taken out in small volumes.

Supply and exhaust scheme

In this scheme, cold air is simultaneously supplied, for example, from under the door, and the exhaust air is proportionally removed through the vent.

This scheme is preferable, as it allows for intensive air exchange. But special requirements are imposed on the design of supply and exhaust systems, since errors lead to drafts.

Exhaust forced circuit

A common option is an outlet in the toilet or in the bathroom with a built-in fan. The efficiency of the scheme is somewhat higher than that of natural exhaust, but lower than that of a passive supply and exhaust system.

Forced supply and exhaust scheme

An effective option, since it is possible to adjust the rate and intensity of the removal and supply of air.

Systems of this type are a modified version of the supply and exhaust scheme, where the removal and supply of air is enhanced by electric fans. The fan is installed directly into the outlet and turns on either manually or automatically, for example, when the light is turned on in the bathroom.

This solution has a significant drawback - when the fan is off, the ventilation intensity is half that in natural-type supply and exhaust systems.

Components necessary for the construction of ventilation systems

External air intake grille

The outer grille is designed to allow air to pass through from the outside. Lattices are issued round and rectangular that, however, does not influence their operational qualities in any way.

The outer grille has a decorative and dust-retaining function. For these purposes, the slats of the grille have an inclination towards the bottom.

Internal grille

This device is installed on the air duct in the room and performs both a decorative and protective function. In order to prevent insects and dust from entering the room through the air duct, a fine-mesh mesh is attached to the wrong side of the grille.

As the ventilation system is used, the grid on the grate becomes clogged with dirt. Therefore, once every six months, the removable overlay from the grate is dismantled, and the mesh is washed from dirt or replaced with a new mesh, cut to the required size.

For greater functionality, the inner grille is equipped with movable slats, which turn around their axis and allow air to pass through in a dosed manner.

Round grates are equipped with a movable insert that rotates relative to a round removable nozzle. In one position, the slots in the movable insert coincide with the slots in the grille and a full passage of air is ensured. In the other position, the slits in the insert and in the outer lining do not match and no air can pass through.

An analogue of the described device in industrial systems is called an air valve. This is a shut-off valve that is placed directly in the duct. In industrial systems, the valve rotates automatically when the fan is turned off, while in a domestic system, the air supply can be turned off manually.

The choice of indoor and outdoor gratings for the bathroom is made according to the inner diameter and configuration of the air duct and in accordance with aesthetic preferences. The most popular household gratings are round with a seat size of 100 and 50 mm.

air duct

An air duct is needed to connect the inner grille to the outer grille or to ensure the supply of fresh air. The air duct is a hollow pipe with smooth inner walls and with inner cross-sectional diameters corresponding to the fitting diameter of the gratings used.

Industrial air ducts, which are used for ventilation of rooms from 300 m² and more, are made of metal with a surface layer of thermal and noise insulation. When arranging a bathroom, there is no such need, and therefore PVC or polyethylene pipes are used.

On the market, plastic air ducts are represented by rectangular and round modifications. The shape and dimensions of the cross section of the air ducts correspond to the landing size and the shape of the grille.

Plastic pipes are characterized by low thermal conductivity, so condensation occurs in limited quantities. One way or another, holes for draining water must be provided in the ventilation device diagram in the outer part of the duct.

The choice of fans for the device of the forced system is carried out in accordance with their power and landing diameter.

The fans are a compact electric motor with an impeller. This entire unit is integrated into the grille or adapted for installation in the duct.

When installed, the grille with a fan looks little different from the grilles used in passive systems. Most fans that can be purchased on the market or in specialty stores are designed for use in a range hood.

Air Dryer

Household dehumidifiers do not belong to the ventilation system, but can optionally be operated indoors. That is, the dehumidifier will provide an optimal level of humidity, while ventilation will freshen the exhaust air.

The use of household dehumidifiers allows you to solve the problem of condensation on the surface of the walls. As a result, the likelihood of mold growth is reduced even with insufficient ventilation.

Performance calculation

The norms of SNiP regulate two parameters of ventilation systems:

intensity of air exchange - the volume of transported air;
air exchange rate - the number of exhaust air discharge cycles.

For a bathroom, the average multiplicity is 4-8 cycles. The intensity of air exchange for a separate bathroom is indicated within 25 m³ per hour. For a combined bathroom, this parameter is twice as large.

The given parameters refer primarily to the fan. The intensity of air exchange is determined by the power of the fan.

The frequency of operation of equipment in low-cost forced-type systems is determined manually. That is, you yourself will have to turn on the fan the required number of times for a given period of time. In more advanced systems, the price of which will be higher, along with a fan, a special power unit is used to automate the removal of air.

The device of a passive supply and exhaust system

Immediately, I note that for the effective functioning of natural ventilation, interior doors must be installed as in the proposed scheme.

Due to the gap in the lower part of the canvas, intensive air exchange becomes possible between the ventilation throughout the house and the hood in the bathroom. By the way, most modern interior doors are designed with effective air exchange in mind, and therefore are installed with a gap at the threshold.

Suppose the interior doors in the house are installed correctly, which means you can proceed with the installation of the hood. The hood is installed in the upper part of the wall, below the ceiling line by 10-15 cm.

Installation instructions for the hood are as follows:

Marking is carried out on the external wall of a private house - a circle is drawn, the perimeter of which is 5 mm larger than the perimeter of the air duct, which is supposed to be used to pass the wall;
Along the marked perimeter, the wall is drilled through;

If the wall is concrete, it will be correct to order diamond cutting of concrete. Although the price of the service is high, the hole will have perfectly smooth edges and the work will be done quickly. If the wall is brick, you can drill yourself, making through holes in the wall along the perimeter of the marked circle. After the holes are drilled, it remains to knock out everything superfluous from the circle.

We sweep dust out of the hole and moisten the resulting opening with water;

We insert a pre-prepared air duct into the hole and set it level, so that the outer end of the pipe is located below the one inside;

The inclination of the air duct when passing through the wall is mandatory in order to ensure the natural flow of condensate to the outside.

In the gap between the edge of the hole and the pipe, we apply mounting foam;
From the inside, a grate is attached to the end of the pipe;
From the outside, a tee is put on the pipe with one branch up and the other down;

We put a plug on the lower outlet, drilling a through hole with a diameter of 10 mm in it;

Condensate will drain through this hole in the cold season. If the drain freezes in winter, you will need to dismantle the plug and clean the drain.

From the top branch of the tee we lead the pipe up, as shown in this diagram;
In the upper part of the pipe, the hole is covered with a chimney end - a raincoat.

After the installation of ventilation is completed, you will receive a productive system that will provide the bathroom with fresh air. The only drawback of this solution is the likelihood of a draft in the path of air flows.

By the way, in this diagram you can see how hoods from the bathroom and from the kitchen are connected to the same pipe at the same time without any damage to air exchange.

Forced exhaust system device

On the diagram you can see an effective system of forced selection of warm moist air throughout the house. For these purposes, air ducts connected to a powerful fan are installed in the bathroom and in the kitchen.

The selection of exhaust air is carried out through air ducts located in the ceiling above those areas of the room in which the greatest accumulation of moist air is likely.

As in the natural scheme for removing exhaust air, the doors in the lower part of the opening must have a gap so that normal air exchange is ensured due to the circulating flows.

How to check ventilation efficiency

If the air flow feels like a draft, then you should not worry about air exchange - it is more than sufficient.

In other cases, a lit match or a thin sheet of paper is brought to the hood. By the fluctuation of paper or fire, you will accurately determine how efficiently the hood works.

By the way, air ducts, especially if they are old, tend to become clogged. Therefore, the check described above should be carried out annually. If the intensity of air circulation has weakened, it's time to inspect the duct and clean it.

Conclusion

Now you know what ventilation is in the bathroom and toilet, and how to do it yourself. I recommend watching the video in this article. I am sure that if you wish, you can use the proposed instructions and make the air in the bathroom fresher. You can ask questions on the topic in the comments.