IN English language these words belong to the category of pronouns (Pronouns). You have probably already met them. How is it correct to use these words, as well as their derivatives (somebody, anything, nowhere)?
Rule #1
The usage depends on the type of sentence - affirmative, negative or interrogative.
As you can see, these words are used equally with both countable and uncountable nouns, but they will be translated into Russian a little differently. For example:
I have some books in my bag. - I have in my bag several books.
I have some money in my purse. - I have in my wallet a little money.
Ben doesn't have any pens. - Ben doesn't. none pens.
There isn't any milk in the fridge. - In a refrigerator not at all milk.
Do you have any questions? - You have any questions?
Do you have any flour? - You have any flour?
Rule #2
There are 2 cases when the word some is used in an interrogative sentence.
- Request (request):
Could you lend me some money? - Could you lend me a little money?
- Offer (offer):
Would you like some water? - You do not want a little water?
Rule #3
Also the word some can be used to mean "some". In this case, it must be followed by a preposition of and either the definite article the, or a possessive pronoun ( my, her...). For example:
Some of my friends play football. Some of my friends play football.
Word any can also be used in the sense of "any, anyone". In this case, it can be put in an affirmative sentence. For example:
take any of these oranges. - Take any of these oranges.
Rule #4
Negation in which the word is usually used any, is not always formed using auxiliary verb. For this, various words that carry a negative meaning can be used. For example:
She never does any housework. - They are never does not no housework.
Peter has read hardly any books in his life. – Peter hardly read some books for my life.
Rule #5
The pronoun no can only be used in negation, more precisely, it itself makes the sentence negative. Since in English there can be only one negation in a sentence (we cannot say, as in Russian, “I don’t know anything”), the sentence will be built as follows:
He has no problems. - He doesn't have none problems.
As you can see, the sentence has the same structure as the affirmative, but it carries a negative meaning. This proposal can be formulated in another way:
He doesn't have any problems. - He doesn't have none problems.
Pronoun used here any, which, as you already know, is used in negations.
Rule #6
All three pronouns can be derived. They are found in speech very often and you, too, have probably already seen them. For example, in song titles: Somebody that I used to know” by Gotye – “ Someone who I knew” or “Takes me nowhere”of the Offspring team –“ nowhere will not lead me" (translation option - " To nothing won't take me).
First, we need to understand how derivatives are formed.
Note that derived words denoting people and things will be classified as pronouns, and denoting places will be classified as adverbs (Adverbs). Words somebody / somebody are synonyms, but someone used somewhat more frequently. Words no one is the only pronoun in this group that is written separately.
The rules for use here are similar to the above:
Statement:
Somebody has just entered the room. - Someone just entered the room.
Something strange happened last week. - Happened last week something strange.
I need somewhere to leave my personal belongings. - I need somewhere leave my personal belongings.
Negation:
I didn't see anyone in the library yesterday. - I was in the library yesterday. nobody have not seen.
I saw nobody in the library yesterday. - I was in the library yesterday. nobody have not seen.
Don't let anyone leave the class. - Do not let nobody leave the class.
I can't see your glasses anywhere. - I nowhere I don't see your glasses.
Question:
Have you told anyone? - You said someone?
Do you have anything interesting to read? - You have anything interesting to read?
Derivatives from some can also be used in requests and suggestions:
Would you like something to drink? - Want to something drink?
Can I have something to drink? - Can I something drink?
Also, derivatives of some can be used in questions if the speaker assumes an affirmative answer:
Are you watching something on TV at the moment? - Are you looking now? something on TV?
Like just a word any, its derivatives can be used in the values " any anyone, anything, anywhere."
It's very easy-ask anyone! - It's very simple - just ask any!
Some are used in affirmative sentences, and the pronoun any commonly used in negative and conditional sentences as well as in general matters.
Most often these pronouns are used with the meaning some, some and some. When they are used before plural nouns, then they are not translated into Russian as separate words.
He told me some interesting stories. He told me some interesting stories.
Have you got any articles about history? Do you have any historical articles?
She didn`t make any mistakes in her dictation. She did not make a single mistake in her dictation.
Pronouns can also be used as plural nouns. Examples:
My friend wants to get some new books, and I bought some for him. My friend wanted new books and I bought some for him.
She asked me for some papers, but I hadn`t any. She asked me for some paper, but I didn't have any.
Different meanings of pronouns
Some and any can also be used with meaning some, some, some. Before uncountable nouns:
Give her some water, Fred. Give her water, Fred.
There wasn't any sugar in the kitchen. There was no sugar in the kitchen.
Have we bought any ink for our office? We bought ink for our office?
Some (and not the pronoun any) also occurs in special issues, and in general, which contain some kind of request.
Where can we get some wine? Where can we get wine?
Why didn't she buy some food? Why didn't she buy some food?
Can Greg have some water? Could Greg get water?
With meaning, the some part is used before uncountable nouns. Examples:
Some of the wheat was packed bags. Part of the wheat was packed in bags.
Some as value approximately used before numerals (together with about).
There were some twenty people in the room. There were about twenty people in the room (twenty people).
He waited for friends some ten minutes. He waited for friends for about ten minutes (ten minutes).
Pronoun any can be used in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with the meaning anyone and anyone before countable and uncountable nouns.
We can buy this cheese at any shop. We can buy this cheese in any store.
Can I get this milk at any shop? Can I get this milk at any store?
Derivatives from pronouns
The pronouns some and any combined with words like one, body and thing form others indefinite pronouns: someone, somebody - someone and somebody, anyone, anybody somebody, something - something and anything, anything - anything. Such pronouns are always used as subjects or objects. Examples:
Give me something to eat. Give me something to eat.
Someone is looking in the window. Someone is looking out the window.
There isn`t anybody in the classroom. There is no one in the classroom.
Did she meet anyone in the museum? Did she meet someone at the museum?
Pronoun no
The pronoun no is usually used as an adjective pronoun before nouns in both the singular and the plural. At no in this case the same value as not ... but(when it is found as countable nouns in the singular) and not ... any(when it comes before plural countable nouns and before uncountable nouns).
I have no book. = I haven "t a book. I don't have a book.
I have no time for a walk today. = I don’t have time for a walk today.
Instead of no as a pronoun-noun, the pronoun pope is used, which replaces a countable noun (singular and plural) and an uncountable noun.
Dear readers, you often ask us questions and ask for help. We are happy to help everyone, check your assignments and create articles with explanations. Behind Lately we have received several letters asking us to explain how to use the words some, any, no in sentences. According to your requests, keep the long-awaited article! If you are not always sure what you are using some, any, no If so, then you will definitely need this information.
Any- a determiner that implies a certain amount, is used with countable and uncountable nouns when a specific amount is not important or it is not necessary to indicate it. Any used in interrogative sentences any; any amount; some), but, as a rule, it is not translated into Russian. As well as any occurs in negative sentences ( none, none, none), where it can be translated into Russian:
Have you got any questions? - Do you have (any, any) questions?
Did you buy any milk? - Have you bought (any; any quantity) milk?
Were there any celebrities? - Were there (any, any) celebrities?
I cannot see any pictures. - I don't see (any) pictures.
We have not read any letters. We haven't read (any) letters.
There is not any furniture in the room. - There is no (no) furniture in the room.
no- a determinant that denotes the complete absence of something. Used in negative sentences. no is a stronger determinant than not any, conveys the idea of absence more emphatically, although both sentences are translated into Russian in the same way:
Usually, countable nouns in the plural, uncountable nouns are used after no, but in certain contexts it is also possible to use no with singular countable nouns:
I have got no friends. - I have no friends.
She has no husband. - She doesn't have a husband.
Having a sentence with the word some, you can form its interrogative form (with any) and two negative sentences (c no And not any). If this topic is new to you, then at first you will still think about what word to use, but in the future you will learn how to build different types statements automatically:
We introduced you to the basics of using the words some, any, no. However, that's not all. There are some more nuances, you can say exceptions, which you also do not hurt to remember.
As stated above, some most often used in affirmative sentences. Exceptions are interrogative sentences in which something is offered or asked:
Do you mind if ...?
Can I have some...?
Would you like...?
Would you like some tea? - Would you like (some) tea?
Do you mind if I take some cake? - Do you mind if I take (some) cake?
Can I have some water? - Can I have (some) water?
Some is also used in questions when they expect a "Yes" answer, and to make it clear that they are waiting for an affirmative answer:
In addition to indefinite quantity, some denotes the indefiniteness of the subject itself (some) when used with a count noun. If you want to show that an object or person is unknown or of little interest to you, do it with the help of the word some:
As it turned out, some can be found in the question. May be, any used in affirmative sentences? Yes, it is used. But not in all, but in some cases.
Any is used in, after if:
If you have any questions, just ask me. - If you have any questions, just ask me.
If they leave any messages, you must inform me. - If they leave any messages, you must inform me.
Any is used in statements to mean "any", "whatever", "doesn't matter which" to emphasize the idea of free choice:
You can choose any dress, it will be my present for you. - You can choose any dress, it will be my gift.
If you do not know the way to the laboratory, ask any student. - If you do not know how to get to the laboratory - ask any student.
If any is used in this sense, it is emphasized in the sentence.
After words with a negative meaning: never, hardly, without is used any, not some:
That's all you need to know about words some, any, no. Of course, each of these words has Additional features, but we will talk about them in our next publications.
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A pronoun is a word that indicates an object or quality of an object, but does not directly name it. Today we are going to look at indefinite pronouns. indefinite pronouns) some, any, no in English.
Rules for using some, any, no
Before considering the uses some, any, no Let's find out the translation of these words.
- Some- some, some, some, a few.
- Any is translated in the same way, and can also be translated as "any".
- no- none, not at all.
The general rule for these pronouns is: some, any, no must come before the noun they define. In this function, they resemble articles ( a/an And the), which are also used before a noun. Let's look at the table.
| Sentence | Example | Countable | Uncountable |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | We need | an (some) apple. some apples. |
some rice. some milk. |
| – | We don't need | a (any) tomato. any tomatoes. |
any rice. any sugar. |
| ? | Do we need | a (any) tomato? any tomatoes? |
any rice? any sugar? |
It is important to remember that it is better not to leave a noun without an accompanying pronoun or article. And now - to the rules of use some, any, no in English.
- Pronoun some used in affirmative sentences. But it can also be found in interrogative sentences when it comes to a request or an offer to do something for someone.
There is some portrait on the wall. - There is a portrait hanging on the wall.
The boys broke some windows in the house. The boys broke several windows in the house.
Would you like some beer? - Would you like some beer? (sentence)
Give me, please, some juice. Give me some juice, please. (request)
Please note that with words in the singular some translates as "some" ( some boy- some boy), with the same plural nouns - "several" ( some people- several people), but with uncountable nouns - "a little" ( some sugar- a little sugar).
- Pronoun any used in interrogative and negative sentences instead of some and means "any, some, none."
Do you speak any foreign languages? – Do you speak any foreign languages?
Did the manager take any decision? Did the manager make any decision?
I did not find any mistakes. - I didn't find any errors.
If any stands in an affirmative sentence, then it is translated as “any”, “any”, “whatever”.
Any vegetable is useful for your health. Any vegetable is good for your health.
Any girl wants to get married. Every girl wants to get married.
You can catch any of these buses. You can take any of these buses.
- Pronoun no as a definition is used with all types of nouns both in the singular and in the plural. It expresses the absence of something and is used only in negative sentences.
John has no furniture in his flat. John has no furniture in the apartment.
Fortunately there are no cars in this area. “Fortunately, there are no cars in the area.
Notice the difference between not And no. Not we use for the verb, and no- before a noun:
I have no telephone at home. = I have not got a telephone at home. - I don't have a phone at home.
There are no pupils in the classroom. = There are not any pupils in the classroom. - There are no students in the class.
There is no information in the file. = There is not any information in the file. – There is no information in the file.
You can use either option: no or not any. Just do not interfere with each other, because in English sentence there can be only one negative.
There is no difference. – There is not any difference or There is no difference. - No difference.
Watch a video from a native speaker to see the difference between some And any.
Combining some, any, no with other words
When we talk about people people), things ( things), places ( places), we can add some, any, no and get new words. Let's look at the table to see what words we can add these pronouns to.
| About | some + | any + | No+ |
|---|---|---|---|
| People people |
Somebody, someone- someone, someone, someone, somebody | Anybody, anyone- anyone, no one, anyone, anyone, anyone | Nobody, no one- no one, no one |
| Things things |
Something- something, something, anything | Anything- anything | Nothing- nothing, nothing |
| Places Fields |
Somewhere- somewhere, somewhere, anywhere | Anywhere- Anywhere, Anywhere, Anywhere | Nowhere- nowhere, nowhere |
And a few more rules to pay attention to.
- We use somebody, something, somewhere etc., when we do not say exactly who, what or where performs the action.
Somebody broke the window. - Someone broke the window.
He has done something special for me. He did something special for me.
I want to go somewhere nice this evening. I want to go to some cool place in the evening.
- Use anyone, anything, anywhere in questions and with negative verbs.
We didn't do anything last night. We didn't do anything yesterday.
My friend didn't see anyone at the park. My friend didn't see anyone in the park.
- Choose nobody, nothing, nowhere when you give a short answer, and also when the verb is in the affirmative form, but you still build a negative sentence.
Who's in the bathroom? – Nobody. – Who is in the bathroom? - Nobody.
We did nothing last night. We didn't do anything yesterday.
- Somebody, nobody are used in the same way as someone, no one. There is no difference in their meanings.
Somebody (someone) wants to see you. “Someone wants to see you.
As you can see, there are not so many rules. If you study all this, the use some, any, no shouldn't cause any problems. At the end, we offer you a download plate and a test so that you remember the rules for using these pronouns.
Test
The use of some, any, no
Some pronouns are more common, some less common. Here some, any and no are some of the most used and complex ones. After all, each of them forms a variety of word forms that are used in various types offers from the same values but they do not replace each other. How to understand and remember everything?
This topic is easy to understand, if you learn everything in a complex, disassemble each form into bones. Let's first see which group we will include them in? to indefinite pronouns. Any, no, some or their derivatives do not express someone or something specific, known, precise. In Russian, they sound like “something”, “someone”, “no one”, “nothing” and so on.
Using some, any, no in a sentence
To understand how the derivative indefinite pronouns, which we will discuss below, are used, it is necessary to learn the basics. The rules are very simple.
1. Some and any in English can act as nouns or adjectives. In the first case they are used independently, and in the second they are accompanied by a noun. Another point - they have different meanings, which we will consider in the table. Some is used in affirmative sentences. any- negative, interrogative and conditional.
He asked if I had any interesting DVD disks. - He asked if I had any interesting CDs. (Conditional, as an adjective)
I didn't buy matches. Have you got any? I didn't buy matches. Do you have several? (Interrogative as a noun)
The buyers want to get some models of our dresses, we send them some. — Customers want to see several models of our dresses. We sent them a few. (Affirmative, like a noun)
I have somecups. Do you need? — I have several cups. You need? (Affirmative, like an adjective)
Some |
Any |
| Meaning: several, some, some, before countable | |
| in affirmative proposals | , conditional sentences |
| He gave me some cigarettes. He gave me some cigarettes. | She didn't make any mistakes. She didn't make any mistakes. |
| Some trees were planted yesterday. Several trees were planted yesterday. | |
| Some people like tea, some don't like tea. Some people like tea, some don't. | |
| Meaning: a certain amount, a little, some (usually not translated into Russian) | |
| in affirmative proposals | negative, interrogative, conditional sentences before uncountable nouns |
| Give me some salt, please. Give me salt, please. | I don't have any ink. — I don't have ink. |
| I need some milk from you. Please give me some. - I need milk. Give me please. | There is no water in my glass. Have you got any? There is no milk in my glass. You have? |
| Meaning: some | |
| in special questions, in general questions, if a request is made, something is offered | |
| Why didn't you buy some bread? Why didn't you buy bread? | |
| Can I take some warm water? — May I have some warm water? | |
| Will you have some coffee? - Would you like coffee? | |
| Meaning: some of - part | |
| before uncountable nouns | |
| Some of the crop was damaged by rain. Part of the crop was damaged by rain. | |
| Meaning: any, anyone | |
| in affirmative and interrogative sentences with countable in units. number and uncountable | |
| I may go out at any time that is convenient to me. “I can leave at any time convenient for me. | |
So, we got acquainted with the use of the basis. The main thing to remember is that some is more often used in affirmative statements, and any is used in negative and interrogative ones. In order not to get confused in the meanings, look at the meaning of the sentence. Usually it is not difficult if you clearly know the purpose of each.
2. C pronoun no a little easier. It is used as an adjective before nouns in both the singular and the plural. If there is no in the sentence, then there should be no other negation. On its own, no is not used (none instead). Note that after it the noun is used without the article. Also, this pronoun is often used in front of the subject to enhance - not one, none, none.
I have no bag (= I haven't a bag). - I don't have a bag.
We had no time. We didn't have time.
Is there a theater in your town? — No, there is none. — There is a theater in your city. - Not.
No girl has been there yet. “Not a single girl has been here yet.
Any, some, no + body
Anybody, somebody, nobody/ anyone, someone, no one (there is no difference in meaning) are used as nouns and are translated someone, anyone, nobody, none, in other words, replace animate noun. All other usage is according to the basics described above. Anybody in negative sentences is translated - no one, no one, and sentences with nobody in Russian have two negatives.
Somebody is waiting for you. “Someone is waiting for you.
Is anyone at home? — There isn't anybody at home. - Is anybody home? - Nobody is at home.
Nobody called him yesterday. Nobody called him yesterday.
Any, some, no + thing
Anything, something, nothing also perform the function of a noun, but describe an inanimate object - something, anything. Anything in negatives is translated as nothing, and sentences with nothing in Russian have two negatives.
Something has fallen. - Something fell.
Is there anything in the envelope? — Is there anything in the envelope?
Nothing was done. “Nothing has been done.
Any, some, no + where
Thus adverbs are formed - somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, nowhere, nowhere. All usage according to the keywords some, any, no.
Is she going anywhere? Is she going somewhere?
Tomorrow I will fly somewhere with my boss. — Tomorrow I will fly somewhere with the boss.
Where did you go? — Nowhere. - Where did you go. Nowhere.
Some and any + of
Using these pronouns with of, we mean the meaning - someone or something from, that is, a part of the whole. It is worth noting that nobody, no one, anybody, anyone are not used with of. In the first two cases, they are replaced by none, and in the second - any of in the value of any of. Instead of somebody used one of.
One of you should tell the truth. One of you must tell the truth.
Some of my friends speak English. Some of my friends speak English.
Any of us can go there. Any of us can go there.
None of them came to me after the accident. None of them came to me after the accident.
A couple more secrets!
- Acting as the subject (they come first), nobody, no one, nothing, anyone, anyone, anything, somebody, something require after themselves a verb in the 3rd person singular.
- Often after these derived pronouns is used else- yet: anything else - anything else?
- nobody, anybody, somebody, someone is sometimes met with possessive: somebody's hat -someone's hat.
In order for everything to be firmly postponed, remembered, it is necessary to do exercises that will facilitate your path along English grammar. The rule is not complicated, the main thing is to understand: carefully look at the type of sentence, think about what or whom you want to say (animate or inanimate), before which member of the sentence. Read the article again and move on to the exercises.