Our mood depends on sunlight. Most likely, you noticed that when you woke up on a cloudy day, you didn’t really want to do anything. This often depends on the side the windows face, as well as their number. But the size of windows in a private house also plays a huge role. If you are just planning construction or major renovation work involving the replacement of window frames, then it would be good to analyze what can be changed in better side by widening the openings or moving them to another location. Which standard sizes windows provided by the manufacturer and standards? What material is best for them? This will be discussed in this article.
What to follow
The choice of specific window parameters is determined by several factors. Before ordering a specific product, you should pay attention to three main points:
- the location of the wall relative to the cardinal directions;
- for what purposes is the room used;
- geometric parameters of the room.
If your house has several rooms and the bedroom is located separately from other rooms, then usually the western or northwestern side is chosen for it. This is done so that less light penetrates through the windows and sleep is sounder. If this room is used as a regular living room, then you should think about installing several windows. The living room is always provided with as much light as possible, and therefore windows, and is located on the south or southwest side. Rooms with rectangular geometry have several windows along the length of a larger wall. If the room is square and small, then one will be enough. On the north side are the windows of the kitchen, storage rooms and sometimes the bathroom. The size of the window may also depend on climatic conditions. If it costs most of the year cold weather, and in winter the temperature drops far below minus, then they try to make the size of the windows minimal so that the heat does not escape through them.
Note! General rule for all areas, which is worth starting from when choosing the size of windows and their number is 10: 1. It implies the presence of one window of 1 m2 for every 10 m2 of wall area.
Design features of windows
According to their characteristics, windows can be:
- deaf;
- single sash windows;
- windows with two sashes;
- with three doors.
The choice of window configuration can affect its size. Standard window sizes for a private house with one sash, according to GOST, in height range from 80 cm to 147 cm. In width, the sizes of such windows range from 40 to 87 cm. For windows with two sashes, the height ranges from 57 cm to 147 cm, width from 87 cm to 147 cm. Three-leaf windows are the largest in size; their height can range from 117 cm to 147 cm, and their width from 177 cm to 207 cm. Each standard has its exceptions. Therefore, windows can be manufactured according to individual parameters. But it is worth remembering that the profile should be thicker and the double-glazed window should have thick glass. Otherwise, the window structure may not withstand the load due to its windage and simply burst. The given figures are largely calculated for products that are used in apartments and houses of standard sizes.
Plastic or wooden
This is one of the most difficult questions that can arise when choosing windows for country house or dachas. Each of them has its own pros and cons that are worth analyzing. If we talk about wooden windows, then everything about them is excellent. Wood - environmentally friendly material which is not harmful to health. She is also able to breathe, so there will always be Fresh air. Nowadays, double-glazed windows with different amounts of glass are also installed in wooden products, which has increased their efficiency. Especially when it comes to triplexes. Their disadvantages include the high cost of production, since they require a type of wood that can withstand various weather conditions. Wooden frames require periodic maintenance, which consists of replacing paint coating, which takes away strength and additional funds. It is also quite difficult to find an intelligent craftsman who will install them in accordance with all the requirements.
Plastic profile products are becoming increasingly widespread today. Most families prefer to replace their old wooden ones with new plastic ones made from profiles. There are several reasons for this. For example, they are less expensive than wooden ones. Production times are lower, and the choice of profile configuration is greater. The more profile chambers, the less heat transfer and the greater the protection against heat transfer to the street. They are quite airtight, so the likelihood of drafts is lower. Installation is simpler and the manufacturing company itself usually handles this. But it also has its drawbacks. Due to the excessive tightness of the profile, poor vapor exchange with street air occurs. This can lead to the development of fungus and rot in the house or apartment. Therefore, it is important to take care of the exhaust and supply ventilation. They also require maintenance, but it is cheaper. It is also worth keeping an eye on what the stabilization strips are made of, so that they do not contain lead. Well, the most big drawback for products that are constantly exposed to the sun - harmful emissions, so owners often protect them with visors.
It is impossible not to say about aluminum structures. Such windows look very solid. Aluminum profile surpasses plastic in load resistance. It makes sense to choose these windows in cases where a large budget is planned for construction. The profile also requires the correct installation approach. If this is not done, then the heat from the house will quickly disappear. The profile itself will turn into a bridge of cold. Such solutions are right to choose for mild climates. The polymer insert inside does not provide the required insulation.
Note! For plastic and other profile products there is a separate GOST 30673-99, 22233-2001, 30973-2002. There are also regulations that regulate the use of fittings and standards for their production.
Plastic window for a private house
The choice of a plastic product involves not only its size, but also the profile used. The choice of the latter is influenced by the size of the opening, weather, as well as the desired double-glazed window. Based on wall thickness, the profile is divided into classes. The first class has the most stringent and highest requirements. Those profile walls that face the street have minimum thickness at 2.8 mm. Those located indoors are 2.5 mm. The second class implies for the outer walls the same thickness as for the inner walls in the previous version, and for the inner walls - 2 mm. The third class or class C includes everything that is not included in the first two. The latter are often used for installation in openings storage facilities, sheds and other buildings where there are no strict requirements.
There are special air chambers inside the frame or profile that is attached to the opening. Their goal is to reduce heat transfer by creating an air cushion. This solution turned out to be very effective. The minimum number of them can be 3, and the maximum can reach 8. The minimum number of cameras is suitable for those cases when winters are very mild and the climate is warm. The optimal middle ground is considered to be a five-chamber profile, which will protect against frost down to -30° and more. For severe winters, you will need a profile with 8 cameras. The soundproofing properties also depend on the thickness of the air gap, so if the window openings overlook a busy highway, then you should think about 5 and 8 chambers.
Selecting a glass unit for a window is also not an easy task. At its core, it is a block consisting of several glasses, which are located at some distance from each other. They are held in place by a seal and a metal stabilizer. An inert gas can be pumped into the space, which impairs heat transfer, or air can be pumped out for vacuum. The double-glazed window itself also has chambers, their number is from 2 to 4. The sound insulation of the window and its protective properties depend on them. For additional protection, glass can be coated with shockproof film or be fire-resistant.
Note! When choosing a window, also pay attention to the overall width of the profile. Since there may be many cameras, but they will be small. The number of seals in the window also plays a big role. Don’t skimp on good fittings; they will last quite a long time and will not require replacement in the process.
Plastic windows can not necessarily be used only in brick or concrete houses. They fit perfectly into the design wooden houses. For these purposes, they were developed color solutions, which in their structure replicate wood and are perfectly fixed in the opening. It is very difficult to immediately distinguish them from wooden ones. Only upon closer examination when the doors are opened does this become obvious. You can watch more about choosing windows in the video:
We take measurements
In order to place an order for a window, you will need to correctly measure the window openings. If the house is just being built, then it is important to know the rules of location in relation to other planes. Most people like windows that extend from the floor to the ceiling, so they also serve as a door to the terrace. Yes, it's really great if your heating is provided by renewable sources. It is important to remember that the maximum size of one structure cannot exceed 6 m2. According to standards, the window should be at a height of 80 or 90 cm from the floor. This will be quite comfortable for someone sitting or standing near it. In the first case, you won’t have to lift your head, and in the second, you won’t have to bend it so that it doesn’t rest against top part window opening, because it is at a height of 230 cm or less.
Typically, the window opening and the window itself are not placed close to the adjacent wall. The indentation should be 50 cm. If the width of the room is 2 meters, then the width of the window can be chosen to be 1 meter and placed in the middle. It will be perfect option. There is also a distance left to the ceiling. Depending on the height, it can be 20-30 cm. Different rules apply for bathrooms and storage rooms. For them, you can choose minimal sizes and large indentations, since the main purpose of the window in these rooms is ventilation, and not the influx of a sufficient amount of light.
Before replacing old windows with new ones, it is important to adhere to the following rules when taking measurements:
- measurements of the window opening are made both from the outside and from the inside;
- for greater accuracy, use a level or laser tape measure;
- Installation clearances must be left.
To determine the width of the future window, you will need to measure three sizes of the window opening: bottom, top and middle. After this, you need to find the smallest value and focus on it. This will be the width of the window. To determine the height of the window, the same procedure is performed, but in the vertical plane. From the results obtained you will also need to subtract 4-5 cm, which will be the installation gap and thermal seam. For windows with a quarter, more scrupulous and complex measurements will be required. In general, they repeat the previous ones, but there are several nuances:
- the window frame should extend beyond the side protrusion by 2-4 cm;
- it should be recessed 2 cm behind the top wall;
- The mounting strip should rise 2 cm above the bottom one.
The last step is very important, because if it is not followed, then it will not be possible to install the ebb and flow correctly. And it is very important so that moisture does not accumulate under the window and the window fittings last a long time.
Conclusion
We hope that the tips listed above will help you decide not only on choosing a replacement window in a private home, but also on selecting the required dimensions of window openings. Never skimp on your profile and cameras. This way you will ultimately reduce your renovation budget.
A bright room always seems more lived-in and cozy than one into which the sun's rays do not shine. The function of windows is precisely to provide the required level of natural light. A standard window opening has dimensions that best meet this task and do not jeopardize the integrity of the entire house.
Gif" alt="window size" width="500" height="222">!}
What is GOST?
In order not to endanger human health and life, do not jeopardize environment, plants and animals, as well as in order to protect public and private property, special standards for goods and products have been developed. The abbreviation GOST is an abbreviation for state standards. The compositions, methods and production technologies they recommended were mandatory requirements until 2011.
Since September 2011, compliance with GOST standards has been made a voluntary procedure. Technical regulations began to form the basis new system standardization. But if we are talking about the life and health of people or the preservation of the environment and property, then GOSTs must still be strictly observed. Standard sizes of window openings also fall under the category of mandatory and unchangeable values.
Data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://osobnyachkom.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rejting-plastikovyh-okon-500x375.gif" alt="metal-plastic window" width="500" height="375" srcset="" data-srcset="https://osobnyachkom.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rejting-plastikovyh-okon-500x375..gif 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px">!}
If we are talking about construction work, then, in addition to GOST, during the construction residential buildings It is customary to focus on one more type of document. SNiPs are building norms and rules that regulate urban planning activities.
Why know the standards?
Replacing wooden windows with PVC structures is a large-scale process launched throughout the country. Advertising brochures of various companies often contain a schematic image of a window or balcony block with an indication of the price. And it is not at all a fact that the width or height shown in the diagram will at least approximately resemble the dimensions of the openings in your house. That’s why the surveyor’s visit is required condition when ordering plastic windows. The fact is that for brick and panel houses built in different time, there is a significant scatter within a single window opening standard.
Knowledge of GOST standards will also be required when building a private house. Height and width of window and doorways may differ slightly from state standards, but following these recommendations is the key to the safety and comfort of your future home.
Stalinists, Khrushchevs, Brezhnevs: how did standards change?
The renovation of the housing stock, unfortunately, is not being carried out at the speed with which the residents of old pre-revolutionary houses would like it. But at the beginning of the 20th century they built thoroughly, so many objects with high ceilings, thick walls and large footage of rooms will still stand for a long time. Those who decide to install plastic structures in such houses should know that the standard window opening in them has following sizes:
- window with 1 sash – 85 × 115 cm or 115 × 190 cm;
- design with 2 doors - 130 × 220 cm, 115 × 190 cm, 150 × 190 cm;
- openings for a window with three sashes were made in one version - height 240 cm, width 210 cm.
The construction period from 1930 to 1960 was marked by the construction of beautiful brick houses. Bas-reliefs and stucco on facades lined with granite or plastered looked monumental, corresponding to rooms with large footage and high ceilings.
Typical building 1950-1985 – complete opposite"Stalinists". Three- to five-story panel or brick buildings were distinguished by small rooms. The low ceiling height completed the feeling of a narrow space. The standard window opening in them changed its size depending on the building material (brick or panel blocks).
The Brezhnevkas, which had an improved layout, were equipped with convenience elements in the form of elevators and garbage chutes. Nine-story buildings, depending on whether they belonged to one of the three series, could have different window openings.
Table 1. Standard sizes of window openings in houses of the Stalin, Brezhnev and Khrushchev eras
| House name | Window with 2 sashes (cm) | Window with 3 sashes (cm) | Note | ||
| Stalinka | 115×195 | 170×190 | |||
| Khrushchev buildings | Panel house | Brick house | Panel house | Brick house | The width of the window sills is also different. In brick houses they are wider, so more material will be spent on finishing the slopes when installing plastic windows. |
| 130×135 | 145×150 | 204×135 | 204×150 | ||
| Brezhnevka | Series 602 | Series 606 | Series 602 | Series 606 | The 600 series is distinguished by large window openings. The standard size for a three-hung window could be one of three: 269 × 142, 238 × 113, 238 × 142. |
| 145×121 | 141×145 | 210×145 | 141×170 | ||
Dimensions of window openings in typical new buildings
Modern developers are building houses in more than 40 series. Naturally, the width and height of window and door openings will be different. Sometimes the difference is 1-2 cm, but in some cases it reaches more than 20 centimeters. The dimensions are regulated by one general GOST 11214-86, and differences in the height and width of doorways, as well as windows, depend on the area of the room. It is clear that in a spacious room with high ceilings and in a small bedroom, the required level of illumination will be obtained through different openings.
Jpg" alt="window width" width="500" height="315" srcset="" data-srcset="https://osobnyachkom.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/zamer_okna..jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px">!}
Returning to GOST 11214-86, it should be noted that the recommended window dimensions are 87-267 cm in width and 116-206 cm in height. According to it, in modern new buildings the parameters of doorways fit into two standard widths: 72 and 87 cm.
Table 2. Standard window openings in modern houses
| Series | Double-hung window (cm) | Three-leaf window (cm) |
| 137 | 115×142 | 170×142 |
| 504 D | 142×110 | 142×203 |
| 504 | 145×141 | 170×141 |
| 505 | 141×145 | 141×203 |
| 600. 11 | 141×145 | 141×205 |
Is there a standard for PVC windows?
The technology for producing plastic windows does not limit the manufacturer in size and shape. Non-standard window openings are successfully glazed with PVC structures. Certain nuances exist, but they are related to design features windows, profile capabilities and weight of the glass unit.
For example, even blind sashes with an area of more than 1 m² are not recommended to be made without an impost. The profile of such glass will withstand, but under its own weight it will sag and collapse.
For pivoting sashes, a proportion must be observed, according to which the height should be significantly greater than the width. Otherwise, even the most durable fittings will not work.
Jpg" alt="metal-plastic window" width="500" height="500" srcset="" data-srcset="https://osobnyachkom.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rejting-plastikovyh-okon6-500x500..jpg 150w, https://osobnyachkom.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rejting-plastikovyh-okon6-300x300..jpg 1386w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px">!}
With all the numerous possibilities that manufacturers claim PVC structures, it should be remembered that any deviation from the standard sizes or shapes of window openings inevitably leads to an increase in the cost of the product. Therefore, standard window models for both private and commercial apartment buildings will always be much cheaper.
Before building a house (this applies not only to private houses, but also to apartment buildings), it is necessary to calculate the size of the windows. A window is not just a part of the home. It fills the rooms with light, solar warmth, and enriches them with oxygen through the open window. In addition, the size of the window opening determines technical specifications building boxes. This is important both for paperwork (in the case of new construction) and for the subsequent operation of the home. Therefore, you should take this issue very seriously and perform preliminary calculations.
The size of the windows must be optimal, selected for a specific room and not exceed the standards established by law. All calculations are performed in accordance with GOST requirements. Violation of these standards entails the imposition of an administrative fine and the obligation to bring the window opening in accordance with the standards. It is better to entrust such calculations to experts in order to subsequently avoid unnecessary expenses.
Often on the Internet they do not indicate the value plastic window and just write “standard”. This means that the window will be 1200 x 1200 in size. This does not always fit the opening, so you should immediately clarify what type and series the future window will be in order to avoid subsequent installation problems. It should also be taken into account that in different regions manufacturers may have their own idea of a “standard size”. To clarify, let's consider the generally accepted classification.
Types of apartments, depending on the window opening:
- “Khrushchev”;
- “Stalinka”;
- 600.11 series;
- 600 series;
- series 505;
- series 504;
- episode 137;
- a private house;
- panel house.
Types of plastic windows depending on the number of sashes:
- double-leaf;
- tricuspid;
- non-standard.
Each type and species comes with its own prescribed standards that construction firms adhere to. The companies that manufacture windows are well aware of these standard varieties, so it will be enough just to name the type of your home and they will select it for you correct window. However, even with such detailed instructions, careful taking of measurements cannot be neglected. By relying on standards and without measuring the opening, you can get a window that either does not fit into the allotted space at all, or will form cracks where cold and moisture will immediately penetrate.
Rice. 1. Standards for double-hung windows.
Standardization of window blocks and openings
When drawing up a project for any type of building, window openings must be provided. Their sizes are standardized and depend, first of all, on the area of the room, its purpose and location. The windows in the northern part of the building may be larger than in the southern part, because the sun looks in there less often and less light penetrates into the room. Moreover, considering climatic features region, windows on the north side of the building must comply with a certain temperature conditions. If the technical aspects are not followed, the windows will leak in winter.
The rules for calculating standard window sizes are outlined in state regulations. Using special formulas, the illumination coefficient of premises for any purpose is calculated (different standards are provided for residential and public buildings) located south of 60 and north of 45 degrees latitude. When calculating indicators, take into account the need to clean double-glazed windows at least twice a year. But this is provided only for buildings that are not subject to heavy pollution. Otherwise, you will have to clean it a little more often.
When the building is located south of 45 degrees latitude, in this case the illumination level is multiplied by a factor of 0.75, and if north of the above limit, then the coefficient is increased by 1.2 times. The physical and emotional condition. It is a proven fact that when there is insufficient lighting, a person becomes more irritable and quickly becomes depressed.
Rice. 2. Each type of building has its own standards for window openings.
Windows to “Khrushchevka”
During socialism, apartments were built - Khrushchevkas with the goal of providing each citizen with personal housing. Of course, the size of such apartments is small, so window companies took measures and began selling special windows for similar type dwellings Most Khrushchev buildings are built from blocks, which reduces the number of seams to a minimum. For such rooms, double-glazed windows are best suited.
For these buildings, the best option A double-chamber double-glazed window of the following dimensions is considered:
- frame thickness 5.8 – 7 cm;
- width and height: 145-220 cm.
Rice. 3. Windows for Khrushchev apartments are suitable for apartments such as block buildings.
Windows in a panel house
Panel houses consist of special panel blocks. Window openings in such buildings often have diagonal distortions. There is often a difference between the top and bottom widths, creating a trapezoidal opening. Therefore, you need to take measurements very carefully. When windows are dismantled, less debris remains in panel houses than in brick houses.
The window opening in the type of house under consideration has so-called quarters - protrusions in the shape of the letter “L”. When installing, you need to pay attention that the frame goes beyond the quarter by 10-15 mm.
Rice. 4. Window openings in panel houses have their own characteristics.
Windows in the 606 series of houses
The buildings in this series have thick walls with excellent sound insulation. Window blocks in such houses they may have 1-3 doors, wide window sills, and protection from drafts. Previously they inserted wooden windows, but now there is an opportunity to choose excellent plastic models. They increase protection against heat escaping from the room. The companies provide special standard window sizes for this series, so there is no need to adjust them to fit the opening. Their height is 141 cm, plus/minus 2-3 cm. The width depends on the number of sashes.
Rice. 5. Double-leaf window for a house from the 600 series.
Windows to the series of houses 600.11
Such houses were built in the 80s and have changed somewhat since then. But everything also remained attractive to buyers thanks to thick walls, spacious landings and large living space. Main feature such houses - L-shaped windows installed in the kitchen. They were invented to accommodate massive air conditioners, which were especially popular in those days. However, such units are no longer used, but the windows remain. Companies offer high-quality windows of this type. Most of it opens with a handle, and the small window can be made fixed or also hinged.
Rice. 6. Dimensions for unusual windows houses type 600.11.
Windows in the 600 series of houses (Ship)
The houses in this series got their name due to their resemblance to the above-deck buildings on liners. The windows in such buildings have openings, the sills of which are raised to such a height that they are at the chest level of a medium-sized person. They can have 3 doors, in which 2 moving parts can be installed. The window is designed in such a way that its parts are separated from each other by lintels. They can only be replaced using an expander.
When installing plastic windows in houses of this type, so-called flashings are used.
Rice. 7. Three-leaf window into the apartment-ship.
Windows to the 505 series
The window openings in this type of house are classic for panel buildings. Their height is 153 cm, but discrepancies of 1-3 cm are possible. They can be bicuspid or tricuspid.
Rice. 8. Three-leaf window for a house from the 505 series.
Windows to the 504 series
Windows in houses from this series can be of various sizes and proportions. The walls here are thick and provide excellent insulation of heat, cold and sound. The openings are more than 20 cm deep. Thanks to this, you can save money on finishing the slopes. The height of the sashes is usually 141 cm. The windows can be narrow double-hung or triple-hung, and they are also available in configurations for balcony openings.
Rice. 9. Balcony windows for apartments type 504.
Windows to episode 137
Installing shackles in the 137 series is simple and does not cause any difficulties. The options for window sizes here are standard - three- or two-leaf, as well as balcony blocks. When installing windows, in this case, only one question can arise: what size will the sashes be and how will they divide the window. In older versions of windows, the side parts are 45-50 cm. In general, you can divide a window with sashes in any variation, taking into account that washing blind windows from the outside will be problematic.
The slopes in such windows are no more than 25 cm, and the window sill does not exceed 30 cm, the height is 138-142 cm.
Rice. 10. Windows of the 137 series can be divided into sashes in any way you like.
Windows in private houses
Private houses enjoy relative freedom in choosing the size of openings for windows. Here you can install several windows of equal dimensions, or make an entire transparent wall. Windows are often used various sizes For different rooms. For example, they choose wide and spacious ones for the living room, and smaller ones with two doors for the bedroom. A window with one sash can be installed in the bathroom. The dimensions for them correspond to general standards and are selected to fit the openings.
Rice. 11. You can install various windows in a private house.
Windows to “Stalinka”
Apartments of this type have spacious interior spaces, high ceilings and big windows. There may be some difficulties during installation. Replacing old wooden frames comes with a lot of waste. Raising windows to an apartment is often quite difficult in the absence of an elevator. When installing a window, you will need a lot of foam, since brick walls there may be holes or irregularities that need to be blown out polyurethane foam so that the window does not allow moisture, heat or cold to pass through.
The height of the windows is approximately 173 cm, the width depends on the specific model chosen.
Rice. 12. Dimensions of a Stalin-era window.
Standards for plastic windows
The standard sizes of plastic windows are fixed in GOST and have very specific standards. Companies that manufacture them use prescribed sizes, which differ in the number of sashes, height, and width. Each rule has a number of situations where it must be applied. For example, in a small room there is no place to install a large three-leaf window, therefore, in this case, standards are provided for two- and single-leaf models.
Double-leaf plastic windows
They are universal and very common. Such models are suitable for apartments or private houses, as well as for offices, small shops, cafes, kindergartens, schools and other buildings. The most common dimensions of this type are: 1150 x 1900 mm; 1300 x 2200 mm; 1500 x 1900 mm. The shutters can be either stationary or movable, and it is possible to install the window in such a way that both parts open completely.
Rice. 13. Standard double-hung window with one sash.
Three-leaf plastic windows
This design has enough big sizes and very popular. Triple-hung windows are installed in spacious rooms where a lot of light is required. They can have a variety of appearances and variations in the placement of the valves and their sizes.
The height of windows with three sashes is: 120, 135, 150, 117, 132, 147 cm.
Accordingly, the width will be equal to: 180, 210, 207, 177 cm.
Rice. 14. Product with two opening doors.
Non-standard windows
These windows are very diverse in their external design and have decorative look. They are mainly installed in private homes and decorate mansions with attics, attic spaces, extensions, etc. They delight with a variety of shapes:
- circle;
- square;
- hexagon;
- oval;
- triangle;
- arch;
- trapezoid, etc.
The sizes of such products are selected individually for the opening and do not have clear standards, so they are mainly made to order.
No light source has yet been invented that could replace daylight. A lot can depend on it. For example, a lack of vitamin K, which is formed under the influence of sunlight, can lead to the development of serious diseases. In addition, a person’s mood is highly dependent on sunlight. If you constantly stay indoors, you can seriously undermine your health. That is why windows are needed so that the rays can enter the house. You cannot install them at random, so it is important to know the size of the windows in a private house. What are the standards for windows and what should be followed when installing them? This will be discussed in the article.
Primary requirements
Most often, windows are made to order, but an opening must already be provided for them, so even during construction it is necessary to decide where and which windows will be located. A few points can be used as a guide:
- the side of the world that the wall faces;
- purpose of the room;
- room parameters.
Proper layout of the house involves thoughtful placement of rooms. For example, if the bedroom in the house is not combined with a living room or other room, then it is better to choose walls that face the northwest or west. This is due to the way the sun moves throughout the day. In the evening, it turns out to be just at sunset on this side and you can calmly read or do other things. But in the morning the sun will not wake you up, because it is on the opposite side. If we are not talking about a bedroom, but, for example, about a living room, then it makes sense to provide several windows of different sizes. In this case, it is desirable that the windows of the living room face the south side; you can place it in the southwest. Thanks to this, the maximum amount of light will enter the room throughout the day.
Rooms are rarely square, more often they are rectangular, so two walls are long. In this case, it is better to place the windows larger wall. This will provide more light inside the house. If we are talking about a room with the same length of walls, then for small area One window is enough. It is better to leave the north side for such rooms where the presence of sunlight in large quantities not required. This could be the kitchen or bathroom. For the latter, the size of the opening can be minimal so that heat loss is as small as possible.
Advice! To make it easier to decide what size or how many windows there should be for one room, you must adhere to the rule of ten. It implies the presence square window with a side of a meter for every 10 square meters area.
What types of windows are there?
The design of windows may vary depending on their purpose. The main ones are:
- without doors or blind;
- with one leaf;
- with two doors;
- with three doors.
The size of the window can directly depend on the design. Special GOST standards have been developed that regulate window sizes for private houses. Standard height a regular window can be from 0.8 to 1.47 meters. The width for such windows varies from 0.4 to 0.87 meters. The size of windows with two sashes is slightly different and can range from 0.57 meters to 1.47 meters, in terms of height. The width is slightly larger than the previous ones and can start from 0.87 meters and reach 1.47 meters. Three doors require large dimensions, so their width can be up to 2.07 meters, and the minimum is 1.77 meters. The height of this structure ranges from 1.17 meters to 1.47 meters.
This does not mean that standards cannot be violated. The numbers are rather given as a sample, but depending on individual project they may vary. It is worth understanding that increasing the window size should affect which profile will be used. If these are metal-plastic structures, then it is better to use a profile with more chambers. Neglecting this advice may lead to the destruction of the structure from strong gusts of wind. How larger area windows, the greater its windage.
Which material to choose
During construction modern house The choice of materials is not limited to wood. The same is true with windows. When designing windows, you have to think about what they will be made of. The most common options are wooden and metal-plastic structures. There is much debate as to which is better. You shouldn't rely on someone else's opinion. It is important to weigh all the pros and cons yourself. If we talk about wood, then no one will argue about the environmental friendliness of this material. Due to its porosity, wood perfectly allows air to pass through, which means partial gas exchange is ensured through it.
If the choice is metal-plastic windows falls only because of double-glazed windows, then it is worth knowing that modern practice allows you to install them on wooden structures. For better thermal insulation double-glazed windows with a special coating or filled with inert gas are installed. There is also the advantage of installing modules with multiple cameras. The price of wooden frames is much higher than that of plastic ones. Difficult to find good master, which would make everything perfect. Natural material requires that its coating be renewed from time to time by painting. Installation of wooden structures also requires special skills.
More and more buyers prefer to install plastic products. It is cheaper to replace old wooden window frames to modern profile ones. The time in which the supplier is ready to complete the work on manufacturing plastic products is several times less than it takes to assemble wooden structures. Plastic products are equipped with a sophisticated sealing system that guarantees high tightness. This also reduces heat loss, because there are significantly fewer drafts. For installation finished products you don’t have to hire a separate contractor, since the manufacturing company often cooperates with craftsmen who do this work.
Some advantages also lead to disadvantages. For example, high tightness means poor air exchange. This can lead to moisture accumulation indoors and the development of mold and mildew. If you do not monitor this moment, you can cause irreparable harm to some finishing materials. To avoid such consequences, it is necessary to take care in advance of the presence of fresh air ventilation. It can be mounted in windows, be a separate supply valve or an entire supply and exhaust ventilation system. Inside the profile there are special metal strips. Their task is to stabilize the shape of the frame. Unscrupulous manufacturers may use metal that will harm the human body. This issue needs to be discussed in advance.
Advice! To make plastic windows last longer, you can make a special visor that will prevent direct exposure to sunlight on the profile.
Wood and PVC are used most often for the production of windows, but are not the only materials for these purposes. In addition to them, we can mention aluminum. Aluminum frames are made like plastic ones, but have higher strength. Aluminum windows stand out for their appearance. But they have a significant drawback - high thermal permeability. Although strips are installed inside the window profile that eliminate cold bridges, aluminum windows are inferior to plastic and wooden ones. It makes sense to install aluminum windows in areas where the climate does not imply cold winters.
Pay attention! Modern products made of plastic and aluminum were not left without standards. Regulatory documents numbered 30673/99 30973/2002 and 22233/2001 were adopted. These are GOST standards, which also indicate the rules for using accessories.
Plastic window for a private house
The choice of plastic windows today has turned into a whole quest. It's connected with wide choice various profiles that are available on the market. You have to think not only about the size of the window itself, but also about how many cameras should be in the frame and what kind of double-glazed window to use. It is important to focus your choice not only on the number of chambers in the frame of the structure, but also on the thickness of the walls. To make it easier to navigate, all structures of this type were divided into classes. The highest one has a thickness of 2.8 mm for those walls that face the street. The part of the frame that is turned inward has a wall thickness of 2.5 mm
The second class is distinguished by the fact that the walls that go inside the room are 2 mm thick, while the size of the outer ones is the same as in the previous version. If you come across a structure made from a profile that does not fall under any of these dimensions, then this is already the third class. Windows of this kind are perfect for installation in utility rooms.
Heat loss from the structure frame is reduced due to several air cushions. They are in closed chambers separated from each other. The cheapest solutions have only three such cameras. Such products can be installed if we are talking about mild winters, when the temperature drops below zero. If the area is famous for its harsh winters, where temperatures can drop to -50°, then it makes sense to think about an 8-chamber profile. The five-chamber profile remains the optimal and most popular. It will easily protect in thirty-degree frosts. In addition to thermal insulation, the air in the chambers of the structure also provides sound insulation. Windows facing roadway, must have sufficient quantity profile cameras and double-glazed windows to keep the house quiet.
Don't jump into the advertising ploy regarding the number of cameras. The first thing you should pay attention to is the overall thickness of the window profile. If it is too small, then you should not purchase such windows. This will not improve the thermal insulation. Plastic windows are installed in houses that are assembled in various ways. These can be monolithic or frame structures. In both cases, plastic windows will delight their customers. For log houses there is an option for plastic windows that are made to look like wood. They have Brown color and wood structure.
Before ordering
Most sellers of plastic structures offer free measurements at your home. But it would be nice to understand for yourself how to correctly measure windows. It is worth understanding that there are some restrictions on the area that one window can have. In most cases, this figure for a plastic window does not exceed 6 m2. The height can be chosen even to full height, if it is convenient in a private home. According to the standard, windows are placed at a height of 90 or 80 cm from the floor.
If the window is to be placed next to a perpendicular wall, then you will need to make an indentation of 50 cm, rather than installing it directly end-to-end. There must be a distance to the ceiling so that it is possible to hang curtains, and also not to damage the integrity of the lintel. This size is usually up to 30 cm. For bathrooms and toilets, windows with minimal dimensions are chosen so that it is only possible to ventilate the premises.
Professionals take measurements of the opening for the future window not only from the inside, but also from the outside. This was done so that the window would subsequently fall into place, since the slopes may have certain differences. The structure is made slightly smaller than the opening itself to facilitate the installation process. The width and height of the frame are measured at three points. You need to know the size in the middle, bottom and top. The smallest size will be the width of the window. This rule need not be followed if it is possible to partially expand the window opening. A video about choosing a design profile is below.
Summary
As you can see, choosing a design for an opening is a responsible task. We are talking not only about the material, but also about the profile itself. It is important to understand very well the conditions under which the structure will be operated, so as not to overpay for advertising slogans. In addition, the ability to independently carry out periodic maintenance of the structure will allow you to save on paying the craftsmen.
The dimensions of the doorway (as well as the window) can be standard or non-standard. In order to put the frame and the door into the latter, it becomes necessary to make a door (or window) to order. This, of course, will significantly affect the final cost of the order, as well as increase the duration of the work time. To avoid these nuances, there is such a thing as a standard. A standard doorway (or window) will save time and money. It will not be difficult to install the structure into it yourself. In addition, today manufacturing companies offer a huge selection various models windows and doors of standard sizes.
Standard doorway size for interior and entrance doors of an apartment
In order to avoid unexpected situations, it is necessary to seriously consider the dimensions of doors and doorways. It is best to choose in advance the company from which you will order the interior or entrance structure, and consult with specialists regarding the dimensions of the free space for it. It is worth noting that the standards for these indicators may be different in some companies. However, many companies adhere to the following door standards:
- Height 2 meters, width – 60; 70; 80 cm.
- Height 1.9 meters, width – 55 cm
A very important aspect is what room the structure is installed in (with or without a window). Rooms without windows are characterized by following parameters door opening (standard sizes):
- 2070 x 970 mm
- 2070 x 870 mm
- 2070 x 770 mm
- 2070 x 670 mm
- 1970 x 670 mm
- 1970 x 62 mm
Here, however, it is worth clarifying that these dimensions are also suitable for recesses for double doors.
Rooms with windows have their own dimensions:
- 2070 x970 mm
- 2070 x 870 mm
- 2070 x 770 mm
- 2070 x 670 mm
- 1970 x 670 mm
- 1970 x 620 mm
To calculate the opening dimensions for sliding doors need to know that standard door with a sliding kit (rollers with a rod, lower guide flag) has a height of 2005 mm. The space for the sliding structure should be smaller and narrower than the canvas, vary between 1900-2002 mm.
For entrance structures the standard are openings with a height of 2050 mm or 2150 mm, the most common width is 1000 mm or 900 mm.
How is the height and width of a window opening determined during the construction of a residential building?
When designing and constructing apartment buildings, standard window openings are most often followed. The same practice is observed in the construction of private housing. This saves a significant amount of time and money when installing double-glazed windows.
The standard dimensions of window space are designed taking into account functional purpose building, room dimensions, natural light depending on the location of the house.
For example, a residential multi-apartment panel building has the following parameters:
- Double-leaf windows - height 1400 mm and width 1300 mm.
- Tri-leaf – height 1400 mm, width 2050 mm or 2070 mm.
Khrushchev houses have a completely different approach to window openings: the dimensions depend on the width of the window sill. Double-glazed window with wide window sill installed in an opening 1450x1500 mm, three-leaf - 2040x1500 mm. Narrow window sills in Khrushchev-era buildings suggest 1300x1350 mm (for two sashes) and 2040x1350 mm (for three sashes)