The invention relates to mass collective events and can be used when drawing lots of a large number of participants, when it is required to randomly select a participant for his subsequent participation in the next stage of the event.
There are known methods of drawing lots in games, for example, based on the choice of an object in the referee's hand. These methods are applicable only for the purpose of choosing 1 out of 2. In a multiple draw, when it is required to assign certain numbers to teams, pre-prepared numbers according to the number of participating teams are dropped into the urn. Then the names of the teams are called one by one and for each of them a number is taken from the urn. Scattered draw is used when holding competitions with the division of teams into subgroups. When dispersing teams, subgroups can be formed that are approximately equal in strength. Two methods of dispersion are used: dispersion by lot and dispersion by the "snake" method.
Scattering by lot is done as follows. After determining the principle of dispersion, the number of teams corresponding to the number of subgroups is taken, and lots are thrown between them for distribution into subgroups. Then the next group of teams is distributed in the same way by lot, and so on. Scattering can be either all teams or part of the teams. This is provided for by the rules of the competition. If some of the teams are dispersed, then the remaining teams are distributed into subgroups by a clean draw.
Scattering by the "snake" method is performed as follows. Teams are assigned numbers in accordance with their place in previous competitions, and the teams are distributed by "snake" into subgroups. When dispersing teams into two subgroups, the “snake” configuration is one, and when dispersing into three or more groups, it is different. Snake scattering creates conditional equality in subgroups.
Automated draw is known, in which computer numbers are generated according to the algorithm of pseudo-random numbers. It also has the disadvantage of limiting the number of participants that are manually entered into machine calculations. With thousands and millions of participants, the random number generator is able to cope and choose one, but entering such a number into the database manually quickly takes short term is not possible, or requires large expenditures of human resources and computer equipment.
The disadvantage of this draw is the technical complexity of its implementation, when the task is to draw lots among a large number of participants in the event, for example, numbering in the thousands or millions in order to select only one of this set.
No known method solves the problem of drawing lots among a large number of participants in the event, for example, numbering in the thousands or millions, in order to select only one of this set.
The aim of the invention is to solve this problem.
The technical result of the invention is the simplification of the drawing of lots with a large number of participants in the event, the elimination of the need for memorizing information by the participants, the absence of restrictions on the number of participants in the event. Also, the technical result is the elimination of restrictions on the rights of participants, by excluding the participation in the process of drawing of persons who are not actually participating in the event, for example, if there are free places for participants in the absence of the people themselves at the event.
The specified technical result is achieved due to the draw method, in which the organizer ensures that each participant of the event receives and registers the application, as well as informs the participants about the number assigned to the participant’s application, which becomes the number of the electronic draw ticket, then the draw is carried out in such a way that the process of determining the winning numbers draw tickets are carried out in at least one round, an application for participation in the draw is submitted with simultaneous registration of data identifying the identity of the participant in the draw, and the specified registration data of each person is linked to each application for participation in the draw and the number assigned to the participant; the numbers of the lottery participant are assigned in the order of receipt of applications in real time; the lotto is drawn for one of the tickets using a loto drum, which is set to limit the possible combinations of numbered lotto balls falling out, taking into account the following conditions: the total number of lotto balls falling out is equal to the number of digits corresponding to the total number of lotto tickets; the first and subsequent lotto balls that form the winning number limit the dropout of possible combinations of numbers based on those numerical values that can provide the drop-down number with a value within the number corresponding to the total number of draw tickets.
Brief description of the drawings
On FIG. Figure 1 shows the principle of forming lottery ticket numbers when registering tickets by users.
On FIG. 2 shows the principle of forming balls with numbers that can be played in the lottery machine.
On FIG. 3 shows an example of the device and the principle of operation of the loto drum.
On FIG. 4 shows an example of the arrangement of a loto drum ball and a chute (end view in section).
Implementation of the invention
The method of drawing lots is carried out by the fact that its participants become owners of some lottery tickets, which are simply serial numbers that are assigned to each newly registered lottery ticket. When organizing the draw, users wishing to participate in it register their identification data on the site of the draw organizer's server. The user data is correlated with the numbers that are assigned to the lottery participant's application, and which becomes the number of the electronic lottery ticket. The draw is carried out only among the numbers, applications for which are registered. The user submits an application for participation in the draw and registers it by depositing a fixed amount during the draw cycle.
If it is necessary to form a draw among tickets, and not participants, the number of tickets purchased by one participant in the draw may not be limited in this case.
The registration of a participant and the issuance of an electronic draw ticket or his number serve as the basis for the emergence of civil law relations, according to which the participant has the right to participate in the draw and, in the event of a draw, apply for further participation in the event, for example, as a leading or main player , main character, etc.
Similarly, you can draw lots when selling travel documents, for example, for rail or air transport using ticket serial numbers. In this case, when selling a ticket, the passenger declares his desire to participate in the draw, and the cashier registers his participation and, using a ticket machine, indicates on the ticket the attributes necessary for the draw, including the ticket serial number. In this case, the ticket, after being used for its intended purpose, remains with the user as a drawing ticket and, if a lot falls on it, it can be presented to participate in a certain promotion or event.
The advantage of the proposed method of drawing lots is the simplicity of participation, which does not require the participant to remember any information, and even the absence of the need to perform any actions other than confirming the will to participate, on the one hand, and on the other hand, holding such a draw makes it possible to increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of the main service provided to the user in a particular service area.
The method is carried out as follows.
Users 2 register on server 1, enter their registration data. At the time of purchasing the ticket, the server 1 assigns a number to the ticket 3 in accordance with the moment of applying for such an acquisition. The number is assigned in the order in which the application was submitted (see Fig. 1). The number of submitted applications for the purchase of tickets corresponds to the total number of combinations played out. Those. if N tickets are bought, then all numbers with the number of N combinations participate in the drawing. The draw is carried out using a lottery machine 12 (see Fig. 2), which can be implemented, for example, on the basis of the following device (see Fig. 2). A processor or microcontroller 5 is placed inside the body of the lottery drum 12. An information storage device 4 can also be placed, to which a database record of numbers is received from the server 1, or information about the numbers being drawn is immediately sent to the processor or microcontroller 5.
The start of the lottery drum 12 depends on the combination of the number that you want to play in all possible combinations. For example, if the total number of combinations is N=ABCDEF, where A, B, C, D, E, F are some numbers from 0 to 9, this means that the lottery machine must spin six reels with balls.
The processor or microcontroller 5 sends a command to load first the leftmost drum with 6 balls with numbers from 0 to 3.
This loading can be carried out, for example, by means of a loading module 14 moving along the drums loaded with balls 17 (see Fig. 3). Module 14 is divided into 10 sections, each of which contains balls with corresponding numbers from 0 to 9. When it is required to load ball 17 into one of the drums 6, 7, 8, 9, module 14 drives up, for example, on the guides of the corresponding section 15, the section rotates along the axis and unloads one of the balls through the hole 18 when the hole 18 coincides with the loading hole 16 into the drum. When balls with all the required numbers are loaded into the drum in this way, the drum is swung by shuffling the balls. Thereafter, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the drum 6 is turned over with the hole 16 down and only one ball 17 is unloaded through it. The ball 17, having fallen out of the drum, falls onto a special inclined chute 13, along which, rolling down, it contacts the RFID reader 19. Inside each ball 17, RFID tags 20 are installed (see Fig. 4) corresponding to the numbers of the balls. When the reader 19 initiates the label 20, the data is transmitted to the processor 5 or microcontroller, which calculates the possible combinations of numbers, the balls with which can be loaded into the next reel. After that, the operation of loading the drum with balls and drawing the second ball is repeated similarly for the next drum 7, then for drums 8, 9, etc., if drawing numbers of a higher order is required. After the end of the draw, the balls 17 can be loaded back into the module 14 manually or by an automatic feeder.
The described example of a lototron is one of the possible variations of its technical implementation. The lottery drum can be made in the form of an electronic scoreboard, where the numbers fall out in the form of a randomly generated one. It is also possible to implement a simple lottery drum, where the balls are loaded and distributed manually. Each of these implementation options allows you to implement the claimed method.
For example, you need to play 347853 combinations for any number from 000001 to 347853 to fall out. Balls with numbers from 0 to 3 are loaded into the left drum. If the numbers 0, 1, 2 fall out, then all balls with numbers from 0 to 9 are loaded into the next drum If the number 3 falls out, then only balls with numbers from 0 to 4 are loaded into the next drum. Similarly, the load of balls is distributed to all other drums in turn from left to right. This is how each next ball is drawn for the entire row of a six-digit number. As a result, one single number of any number from 000001 to 347853 is drawn, which will be the number of the lot drawn.
Sources of information
1. http://medicalplanet.su/reabilitatia/106.html
2. http://ru.convdocs.org/docs/index-110939.html?page=3#1281686
3. http://support.ystok.ru/doc/tournament/ug/help.html?cont
Http%3A//support.ystok.ru/doc/tournament/ug/events/randomizing_00.html
The draw method, in which the organizer ensures that each participant of the event receives and registers an application, as well as informs the participants about the number assigned to the participant’s application, which becomes the number of the electronic draw ticket, then the draw is carried out in such a way that the process of determining the winning numbers of the draw tickets is carried out at least in one round, an application for participation in the draw is submitted with the simultaneous registration of data identifying the identity of the participant in the draw, and the specified registration data of each person is tied to each application for participation in the draw and the number assigned to the participant; the numbers of the lottery participant are assigned in the order of receipt of applications in real time; the lotto is drawn for one of the tickets using a loto drum, which is set to limit the possible combinations of numbered lotto balls that drop out, taking into account the following conditions: the total number of lotto balls that drop out is equal to the number of digits of the number corresponding to the total number of lotto tickets; the first and subsequent lotto balls that form the winning number limit the dropout of possible combinations of numbers based on those numerical values that can provide the drop-down number with a value within the number corresponding to the total number of lottery tickets; the ball of the lottery drum falling out of the drum falls onto a special inclined chute, along which, rolling down, it contacts the RFID reader, and RFID tags corresponding to the numbers of the balls are installed inside each ball; when the reader initiates the label, the data is transmitted to the processor or microcontroller, which calculates the possible combinations of numbers, the balls with which can be loaded into the next drum; after which the operation of loading the drum with balls and drawing the next ball is repeated similarly for the next drum, if drawing numbers of a higher order is required.
Similar patents:
The invention relates to the field of devices for broadcasting sports competitions, such as equipment for betting clubs. A system for selecting and registering events is described, regarding which it is not known whether they will occur or not when making bookmaker bets, which allows the participant, while watching a sporting event, to make a choice of event development options, which use the results of at least one competition, and / or individual situations , events and/or actions arising, occurring and/or undertaken during each of the competitions, and/or the results of these situations, which includes at least one venue for a sporting event, at least one matrix field with a calculated coordination grid, block visualization, data transmission unit, calculation unit, positioning system.
The invention relates to a security sheet and a method for its manufacture. The security sheet contains an information element to be detected and a carrier formed by an opaque substrate into which an opaque, preferably fibrous, strip having an A surface and a B surface is inserted.
The invention relates to conducting lotteries and drawing cash prizes using remotely spaced terminals connected to a lottery processing center, in particular lotteries based on predicting the results of sports competitions.
The invention relates to lotteries and can be used to organize lotteries and draws. The essence of the method - the organizer of the lottery generates and manufactures an array of lottery tickets in paper and electronic form with a preliminary distribution of the prize fund among the lottery tickets, as well as drawing lottery tickets and paying out winnings, which are carried out through the terminals of the operator of a geographically distributed system of terminals, moreover, before the start of the implementation of lottery tickets. of tickets to each terminal of the operator of the geographically distributed system of terminals, a batch of lottery tickets from the array of lottery tickets is loaded and assigned to it via communication channels, and when lottery participants purchase lottery tickets, information about each of the sold lottery tickets and the issued winnings is transmitted to the server of the operator of the geographically distributed system of terminals and a lottery organizer server. The method achieves the desired technical result, which consists in expanding the scope and increasing the reliability of the lottery. 1 z.p. f-ly, 1 ill.
The invention relates to lotteries and can be used to organize lotteries. The essence of the method is to form an array of lottery tickets in electronic form, conduct a lottery draw and distribute winnings among lottery tickets, as well as pay out winnings, while interacting with lottery participants is carried out through terminals, while after forming an array of lottery tickets in electronic form and distributing winnings for lottery tickets, a control lottery draw is formed in the form of a certified register of identification numbers of lottery tickets and draw results, the required number of lottery ticket electronic lots is produced and uploaded to a server connected to the terminals, for each of the lottery tickets of the respective lots intended for sale through the respective terminals, a conditional ticket number is set, which is stored on the server in tandem with its real number and the result of drawing on it, when the lottery process and its results are visualized by the technical means of the terminal, the condition is displayed on its screen the same number of the ticket and the result of the draw in the form of information about the presence of winnings on it and the amount of winnings for the winning ticket, which is duplicated by issuing a fiscal receipt to the participant, moreover, when controlling the results of participation in the lottery, the information in the fiscal receipt is compared with the corresponding lottery tickets of the control lottery draw in the electronic or paper form. The invention achieves a technical result, which consists in expanding the scope and increasing the reliability of the lottery.
The invention relates to mass collective events and can be used when drawing lots of a large number of participants, when it is required to randomly select a participant for his subsequent participation in the next stage of the event. The technical result of the invention is to simplify the drawing of lots with a large number of event participants, eliminate the need for participants to remember information, and there is no restriction on the number of event participants. Also, the technical result is the elimination of restrictions on the rights of participants by excluding the participation in the process of drawing of lots of persons who are not actually participating in the event, for example, if there are free places for participants in the absence of the people themselves at the event. The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the process of determining the winning numbers of the lottery tickets is carried out in at least one round, an application for participation in the lottery is submitted with simultaneous registration of data identifying the identity of the participant in the lottery, and the specified registration data of each person is tied to each application for participation in the draw and the number assigned to the participant; the numbers of the lottery participant are assigned in the order of receipt of applications in real time; the lotto is drawn for one of the tickets using a loto drum, which is set to limit the possible combinations of numbered lotto balls that drop out, taking into account the following conditions: the total number of lotto balls that drop out is equal to the number of digits of the number corresponding to the total number of lotto tickets; the first and subsequent lotto balls that form the winning number limit the dropout of possible combinations of numbers based on those numerical values that can provide the drop-down number with a value within the number corresponding to the total number of lottery tickets; the ball of the lottery drum falling out of the drum falls onto a special inclined chute, along which, rolling down, it contacts the RFID reader, and RFID tags corresponding to the numbers of the balls are installed inside each ball; when the reader initiates the label, the data is transmitted to the processor or microcontroller, which calculates the possible combinations of numbers, the balls with which can be loaded into the next drum; after which the operation of loading the drum with balls and drawing the next ball is repeated similarly for the next drum, if drawing numbers of a higher order is required. 4 ill.
I. Draws
If the counselor, at his own discretion, will form the composition of temporary teams, then many children will feel this as an imposition of someone else's will. Working in such an appointed “from above” company can be perceived even negatively by some children.
To avoid this, it is best to use different options lots and counting. At events, it is useful to use the types of draws that children use during their games in the yard. Some others, designed by the counselor himself, can be added to them.
Label. For each player, they prepare the same stick, match, blade of grass. One of them is made shorter than the others. Then all on one side are clamped into a fist, aligning the outer ends. And they take turns drawing lots. Whoever pulls out the shorty, he drives. Matches and sticks can be replaced with pieces of paper (cards). Then they put a cross on one and, turning it, mix it in a hat (or pocket). The one who draws the mark leads.
Measure on a stick. This method is convenient when you have to choose a leader from a few candidates. For example, among the messengers from each team (or row) or among the captains.
A stick is taken (from a meter or more). One of the players grabs the lower end of the stick with his right hand. Right next to him, the second, third, etc. grabs the stick with his right hands. When all the participants in the draw have grabbed the stick, the first one transfers his right hand up, grabbing above the hands of the latter. Behind him, everyone else grabs their hands. And so on until someone's hand grabs the upper end of the stick. He gets the lot.
Sometimes the last participant is left with such a small tip of the stick that disputes arise as to who will get the lot - him or the previous one. In this case, there is a rule: the last player grabs the remaining tip of the stick with part of his hand and circles it around his head and shoulders. If he succeeds, then the lot remains with him. If not, then follow the previous one.
II. By counting
The implementation of many gaming training techniques is designed for the choice of either a leader, or a captain, or a judge (or judges). It is easier and faster for the counselor to assign them at his own discretion. But this often leads to the appearance of some disputes, dissatisfaction, refusals to work at the event. Helping children get rid of such reactions is the task of the counselor. And he can successfully fulfill this task, using the wisdom of folk pedagogy, contained in children's draws, fortune-tellers, and counting rhymes. ___ So, everyone becomes a tight circle. Someone alone (who volunteered) slowly recites a rhyme, pointing his finger in a circle, starting with himself, and then “in the sun” (the old rule of many folk games and rituals: if at any hour of the day you turn to the sun, then the beginning of its path - the east - will be somewhere on the left, and the end - the west - on the right. Hence the counting, and many ritual movements, such as round dances, are conducted from left to right). ___ Those who have the last emphasis in the counting rhyme are considered to have left (exempted from the lot) or enrolled in one or another team (by agreement). They leave the circle and wait on the sidelines. ___ The last one usually leads (option: the one who first left the circle leads). ___ On the fists. All together with the counting put forward clenched fists. The one who counts on the first stressed syllable of the counting rhyme lightly strikes from above with his left fist on his right. On the second beat, it's the other way around. On the third - with his right fist on the neighbor's right fist, then on his left fist. In a circle, he touches each exposed fist.
The cuckoo walked past the net, And behind it were small children, Everyone shouted "cuckoo - poppy!" Push one fist.
On whose fist the counter ends, he opens it and lowers his hand. The calculation is repeated. So gradually the cams are lowered. Who lowers both - leaves (or leads). Examples of children's folklore rhymes:
Glass, lemon - Get out! Thread, needle, ti-ti - Fly away! A month came out of the fog, He took out a knife from his pocket: I will cut, I will beat - It's all the same for you to drive! On the way to the Caucasus An old tarantass rides. A cat is sitting in a tarantass, His tummy hurts! The gentleman rode in a tarantass. Crushed a cockroach - And for this adventure Three and a half paid! Ainy, maiden, Ricky, faki, Torba, yerba. He is Desmaky, Deus, Deus, Kasmateus, Bax!
Specialists in children's folklore among the counting rhymes especially highlight the "with a choice" rhymes. The most famous of them is the following:
On the Golden Porch sat the Tsar, the prince, the King, the prince, the Shoemaker, the tailor. Who will you be?
The one who had to the last word, does not immediately leave the circle, but calls one of the listed ones. Suppose he uttered the word prince. Then the counting starts again, but with the one who chose. Now the end of the calculation will be the word king. Whoever it is for, he goes out. ___ Thus, in the "with a choice" counters, in order for one player to go out, you have to count twice. The first time completely, the second - to the word that was chosen. Such counting rhymes well train the ability to meaningfully perceive texts by ear.
A man was driving along the road, He broke a wheel on the threshold, How many nails he needs, Speak quickly, Do not detain Good and honest people! Dora, dora, tomato, We caught a thief in the garden. They began to think and wonder, How would a thief be punished? We tied our hands and feet And let them go along the road. The thief walked, walked, walked And found a basket. In this little basket There are lipstick and perfume, Ribbons, lace, shoes, Anything for the soul. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. Comes up white moon And after the month the moon, The boy is the girl's servant. You, servant, give the carriage, And I will sit down and go. I will go to Leningrad to buy myself an outfit. Red, blue, blue, take your pick.
Let us pay special attention to the fact that you can use the variant of the draw, which encourages children to expand the amount of various and frequently used rhymes held in memory. ___ All children stand in a circle. One of them is the leader. To the rhythm of the counting rhyme he utters, he alternately runs his finger over the participants. At the last word of the counter, the finger freezes. ___ The child pointed to by the leader's finger takes over and becomes the leader. The former leader drops out of the circle, and the new leader starts a new, his own counting rhyme and finds out who she will stop on, that is, determines who to pass the baton on to get out of the circle himself. ___ The calculation goes on until there is only one person left - he will drive in the upcoming task. This option affects the development of many children much better than memorizing the on-duty "children's" rhymes for the next holiday event.
III. cut postcard
Four or five postcards are taken (the same or different; better - large format). Each of them is cut into six (four, five) parts. All parts are mixed.
Each of the children pulls out a fragment and looks for his team, uniting with those who got the fragments necessary to complete the whole picture.
Having collected a postcard, the company chooses a team place. If necessary, equips it (shifts or pushes tables and chairs; prepares the “tools” necessary for the task).
Before handing over the collected postcard, the team agrees on their name and the messenger displays it on the board. After all the companies have written their team names in chalk (option: depict emblems), the counselor can start talking about what the teams have to do (find, remember, compose, do).
It is more useful to give instructions on the upcoming work through interchangeable messengers, which each team sends to the leader.
Thanks to this form of association of those present in microgroups (game teams), the children perceive the association itself as absolutely independent. Therefore, the number of didactic hares caught by the teacher increases. And when repeating the task in different classes, the set of these caught hares will be different.
IV. In patches
All the children in pairs disperse around the room. Then each pair offers the host a choice: sun-rain, train-plane, cabbage-onion, etc. Moreover, these words must not only be said, but also played. The host, guessing the word played, takes one of the pair to team number 1, the other to team number 2. And so on, until the whole group is divided, and the partners have the opportunity to remember each other well. At the lessons in primary school we can agree to think only of the animate or inanimate noun or if one thinks of an animate noun, then the other - necessarily inanimate. There can be a lot of options: adjectives, flowers, events, writers, etc.
This method of division makes it possible for everyone to play something without fear, since this game reincarnation is not needed in itself (which may seem scary to some children), but only as an auxiliary task for teaming up.
V. Rings
Condition: how many times the host (who stands aside so that everyone can see him) clap his hands, so many people, holding hands and saying in unison: “We are ready!”, - the children form a “close” ring. For example, after three claps, everyone breaks into rings in threes - who is faster!
After the first division into rings, the leader is reminded of a prerequisite: in each new ringlet, the neighbor on the right and left must be different. This leads to more fuss. But it is she who is needed in order to properly mix the entire squad.
After a series of claps: either four, then eight, then two times three or two claps (at a fairly fast pace!) - the host claps so that the number of children in the rings would correspond to the group work planned for the event.
For example, having united the entire detachment into six rings, the counselor announces: “STOP! Each ring is a working group. Get yourself a general workplace(you can move desks and chairs) and take it (with notebooks and pens). Agree on a name and have a messenger from your team write it on the board."
It is a way of organizing work teams that takes very little time and allows children to shake things up and (or) update their business attitude to the perception of consonances with their peers.
VI. Gates
You can play Gates anywhere, as long as there are at least twelve participants. First, choose two guys who are stronger and taller, who will pose as a “gate”. They step aside and secretly from everyone agree on who will be called what. We most often took the names of flowers or trees, for example, "cornflower" and "chamomile" or "pine" and "fir-tree". And sometimes they came up with something else - “day” or “night”, “apple” or “pear”, “sun” or “moon” (and for some reason they often took “moon” and “month” as if it were not same!). But the main thing is that the names should be beautiful and pleasant to the ear. I don’t advise you to call yourself “nettle”, “burdock” or some kind of “radish” - you will surely lose.
Then they must agree on which of them will be "heaven" and who will be "hell". While the reservation is going on, the rest of the guys become one after the other in single file and each puts his hands on the shoulders of the person standing in front of him. At the same time, try to stand approximately in height so that the little one does not have to put his hands on the shoulders of the big one. The youngest will be the first in the chain. He is called the "womb" because he will lead everyone else. And if all the guys are about the same height, then the girls are in front, and the boys are behind. Then you need to make a "gate". The two stand face to face at walking distance and hold hands. The uterus brings the chain to the gate, stops and says:
Please let us through the gate!
"Gate" chorus ask:
What will you give?
Mother offers:
Do you want the last one?
The Gates graciously agree:
Well, go...
And they raise their hands, opening the gate. Hands must be raised higher, of course, without disengaging them.
The uterus passes through the gate first and entails the whole string. The gate honestly let everyone pass, but when the last one passes, they lower their hands so that he is between their hands. The string goes forward, and the caught gate slowly asks: “To the maple or to the birch?” You must also answer quietly so that they will not be heard in the chain.
After the choice is made, the caught is released from the ring of hands, and he stands behind the "maple" or "birch". It is very nice when you guess and get to the one you wanted to! And the chain at this time, without stopping, makes a circle, and the uterus, seeing that the one caught is already in place, again leads everyone to the gate. The same words are spoken, and the last one of the string is diminished.
So the chain goes through the gate, each time becoming shorter and shorter. But on the other hand, on one side and on the other side of the gate, the guys are all added. Finally, the uterus alone approaches the gate and, after choosing, goes to the right or left ... Here is the “gate” and announce which of them was heaven and which was hell. Well, and, accordingly, which of the players got into the angels, and who into the devil! Since devils and angels cannot stand each other, a struggle must take place between them.
Of course, this option is somewhat cumbersome, and one of the readers has probably already put an end to it, deciding that he will never agree to spend so much study time on such a task. But even in this case, pay attention to the special scrupulousness of the author's description and try not to confuse it with the duration of the game action. Experience shows that in detachments with the usual number of people, such a procedure takes no more than four and a half minutes. And in small detachments - almost instantly.
Four and a half minutes is a lot (although at first it seemed that if you start a “gate” at the event, then they will take no less than half the event), but if you consider that such a form can also be a warm-up-switch , and a kind of recharging the squad with a single business pace, it becomes obvious that the time of the event, supposedly lost on the game, will pay off handsomely: a surge of children's efficiency and curiosity, multiplied by their gambling excitement. So somehow gather your courage and take a chance to try, suddenly, yes, you will have not only to the court, but also to your heart.
Today, we are increasingly turning to the experience of our ancestors, to the origins of public education, because it is there that we find answers to many difficult questions of today.
Preference in the process of searching for new means, factors and methods of organizing training and education is given to those that are multifunctional in nature, contribute to self-realization, self-expression of the individual, are interesting to children, organically fit into modern educational systems.
One of these means is the folk game. It is a unique phenomenon of human culture, since every century, every era, every specific ethnic group, every generation has its favorite games.
It has been noticed that children who did not play enough in childhood, in an unfavorable educational situation, suffer from a game deficit, which negatively affects the formation of many aspects of the child's personality. Conflict in relation to others as a result of deviations in the formation of children's self-awareness is manifested in the inadequacy of self-esteem, lack of confidence in their abilities, passivity, aggressiveness, isolation, inability to subordinate personal interests to collective ones.
Game ethics is acquired by children with desire, without morals and dictates from adults, which allows the child to painlessly form the skills of self-regulation and improvement of behavior with people around them.
High requirements for honesty, justice and kindness are contained in all folk games. It has been established for centuries and no one disputes that for dishonesty, deception of comrades, any participant in the game can be told: "We don't play anymore" . And there is nothing you can do about it, except to realize the guilt and correct yourself. Not without reason, back in the last century, K. D. Ushinsky saw the task of future pedagogy in organizing and creating from folk games "an excellent and powerful educational tool" .
So, everyone has gathered, the game has been chosen. But before starting it, it is necessary to distribute the roles, so that there is no arbitrariness, so that no one becomes offended. And in this case, the function of distributing roles among the players, the decision of which everyone unquestioningly obeys, can be performed by such genres of folklore as drawing lots and counting rhymes, acting as a kind of game prelude. In addition to the game, draws can also be used in learning activities when it is necessary to divide the class into two groups.
Draws are for those games where there are two teams. There are several options for the draw. Two strong and dexterous guys become drivers (commanders) choosing their own team. The rest step aside in pairs and agree in a whisper which one of them will be: a golden cup or a silver saucer. Each couple comes up with a lotion to their taste, fantasizing or rhyming. Here are examples of lottery talks:
A black horse or a remote Cossack?
Roll the ball or pour water?
Chest of money or gold shore?
To be at home or to sail on the sea?
Archer from the sky or a young man from the earth?
Pair after pair approach the drivers and in a singsong voice ask which of them chooses whom. Depending on the answer, each of the pair becomes their leader (commander). So all the players are gradually divided into two teams.
"Gates" - variant of the draw, when two drivers (adults or trained children), they secretly agree in front of each couple who will be called what: night-day, pine-spruce, cornflower-chamomile, cold-heat, etc. The main thing is that the names should be beautiful and pleasant to the ear: no one wants to be called a burdock or a nettle. In turn, pairs of players come up and choose who will be who, then stand behind their driver. The very process of forming two teams will be exciting for children. "game before game" .
Modern children rarely use lottery, and it is a pity, because the ability to quickly construct the most witty or picturesque formula for the lottery testifies to the level of the intellectual and aesthetic level of the child.
A more common way to distribute roles in a game is through counting rhymes. The origin of the counting rhyme is associated with a special kind of ancient allegorical speech - with a secret account. In ancient times, there was a ban on the direct counting of game or livestock, so our ancestors invented a form of indirect counting.
In addition to organizing the game, educators use counting rhymes when choosing a child who will perform or lead a certain job, when many want to complete an interesting and honorable task.
An apple rolled around the garden,
Whoever takes it is the governor.
For children who have difficulty in counting back, counting rhymes will help:
9,8,7, 6, 5 - one of us will go looking,
4,3, 2, 1-we want to play hide and seek!
You never know in the pedagogical process the moments when it is the rhymes that will help everyone to be impartial, fair, respecting the honest rules of mutual communication.
The right to recount, according to children's unwritten laws, is not granted to everyone, but only to those in whom the rest are confident, who will honestly keep the score that determines the fate of the players. The counting, thus, contributes to the development of such qualities as honesty, inflexibility, nobility.
Thus, where there is a place for games with counting rhymes and draws, there always reigns good mood, and this is a guarantee successful work in the process of raising and educating children. Without these genres of folklore, the child will never become the master of his native language, owning all its riches coming from folk art.
Rhymes
Basic concepts: definition, origin of counting rhymes, connection of counting rhymes with other forms: conspiracy, game, ritual; originality of the draw; classification of rhymes, points of view, problems of abstruse rhymes; features of counting rhymes: the process of word creation, structure, rhythmization, metric system, the role of repetitions, the originality of syntax, the use of the form of dialogue, appeals, rhetorical questions; word creation in the counting rhyme and literature (comparative characteristics).
Definition. The counting room has always had a practical character, it was used in children's games to establish a queue and select persons who play a particular role. Therefore, the researchers attribute it to the game folklore along with the lottery sentences, silence.
According to one of the dictionary definitions, counting rhymes are “verbal forms, most often poetic (rhyming) works of a predominantly humorous nature, with the help of which the order in the game is determined, its leaders or participants are elected” (Sl., p. 342). In the counting rhyme, the score is the rhythmic basis of the work, the chanting determines the correctness of the count, and the violation of the rhythm is an indicator of an incorrect draw.
The name "counting" is used more often than others, but there are other definitions. P.V. Shane called such works rhymes of lots. M.N. Melnikov cites folk names: counters, counting, readings, recounting, talkers.
Since counting rhymes are used along with drawing lots or collusions (conspiracies), it becomes necessary to define this form. The forms of the draw were very diverse, most often they were carried out with the help of rhymed verses. G.S. Vinogradov, who published a selection of such texts, proposed the name "drawing lots" for them. V modern science the term "drawing arrangements", introduced by M.N. Melnikov.
During the game of rounders, gorodki, hide-and-seek or hide and seek, the players are divided into two parties, each of the players encrypts his name and then, choosing a pair, approaches the leaders (“wombs”), the strongest and most dexterous players. They must choose a member of their team, guided by the following sentence:
black horse
Or a remote Cossack?
Fox in flowers
Or a bear in your pants?
Uncle Fedya
Or a polar bear?
As a subject of choice, both living and inanimate objects endowed with unusual qualities (definitions), plants, song characters are offered.
Sometimes the choice was made according to the nature of the action:
Fell from the bell tower
Ali supported?
Skiing from Tomsk
Ali from Irbit on belts?
What do you need - to cut hay or cut firewood?
A black horse or a golden saddle?
Did you get lost on the stove or drowned in a spoon?
Tes break or steal money?
The guessing process was based on antithesis, different objects, concepts or phenomena were compared; The “womb” must not only choose, but also guess who is “hiding” behind this designation. Intonation served as a hint. Depending on the choice of the leader, the players move away in one direction or another.
According to G.S. Vinogradov (they are also confirmed by M.N. Melnikov), large quantity traditional texts associated with the image of a horse. They offer to make a choice between a horse and a golden tarantass, a golden collar, and between activities - “feed the horse” or “stove to heat”. The horse occupies one of the central places in ancient pagan rituals. He is the personification of light, prowess, strength, fire.
The materials of ethnographers testify to the antiquity of such draw formulas. The drawing of lots was part of the initiation ritual. When candidates for initiation into society get together, they agree on secret names under which they will participate in the ceremony. As a rule, this name becomes the name of the patron spirit or tribal totem. In the future, when performing the rite, the participant should be addressed only by this name. The name that he bore in childhood no longer exists, because after the initiation, the candidate receives a new name - already as a full member of the tribe.
Construction of the draw traditionally, it consists of an appeal and a question. The appeal can be simple (Uterus, uterus, // Oak or tooth?) Or complex (expanded into a separate quatrain):
uterus, uterus,
Damn blades!
Barrel with bacon
Or a Cossack with a dagger?
(March., No. 1241.)
The semantic fullness of the draw was noted by a number of researchers. G.S. Vinogradov wrote that there is no such "compression of the elements of speech into an extremely tight form" in other genres of children's folklore. Analyzing the collusion
With a swing under the shirt
Or running under the cart?
the researcher comes to the following conclusion: figurative language collusions can be compared with small forms of Russian folklore: proverbs and sayings. It is no coincidence that proverbs and sayings sometimes act as drawing lots: “Chest in crosses or head in bushes?”, “A louse on a lasso or a flea on a chain?”
Draw features. The expressiveness of the drawing of lots, according to A.N. Martynov, distinguishes them from counting rhymes, "which are pronounced, as a rule, inexpressively, monotonously."
Origin of counting rhymes. Rhyming rhymes appeared thanks to ritual and everyday practice. The custom of ritual recounting of objects is known among most primitive peoples. During the calculation, lucky and unlucky numbers were highlighted, the result of the calculation was kept secret. Here is an example of a ritual rhyme recorded in the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the 19th century:
There is a hau tree in Kohala,
Not one tree, many trees
And seven, from which canoes are built.
The first how is the balancer of the canoe,
The second how is a canoe mowing,
The third how is the hull of the canoe,
Fourth how - canoe lining
The fifth how is the stern of the canoe,
The sixth hau is the mast of the canoe,
The seventh hau is the sail of the canoe.
If you name another one, live
If you don't name it, you will die.
A similar text related to divination is given by I.P. Sakharov: “Four or more girls sit on the floor in a circle. Each of them puts two fingers on their neighbors' knees. Then the eldest begins to pronounce quickly:
First-born, friends,
Tryntsy, Volyntsy,
Popov ladies,
Chicken, get out.
As she says each of these words, she points to one of the outstretched fingers. On which the word will get - “throw it out”, that one is thrown out. The above game is used during divination for a close marriage.
These texts confirm the conclusion of V.P. Anikina about the connection between counting rhymes and belief in numbers: “The habit of counting comes from the everyday life of adults. Before real, non-gaming cases ... it was the rule to resort to lottery and counting ”(Anik., Mladench., p. 15).
Rhymes can be regarded as a way of preserving sacred information in time, since as a result of its application, the one who will perform in the game is revealed. special role. For this reason, G.S. Vinogradov brought together counting rhymes with fortune-telling, since the choice in them does not depend on reasonable calculation, but on chance, on the will of fate. Hence the name used by children and adolescents in the Kuytunsky district - "fortune teller", in the Barnaul district the counting rhyme is called "little fortune teller".
The English researcher of children's folklore G. Bett, on the basis of a comparison of extensive English material and records made from other peoples, comes to the conclusion that "numerical songs reflected the steps that mankind went through when learning to count."
In the course of development, the rhyme genre has experienced various influences. G.S. Vinogradov believes that the most significant was the impact of book poetry. But all book texts strongly adapted to the children's environment, "taking on a different look, a different look," although the function of the rhymes remained unchanged.
The researcher showed that the reflection of reality in counting rhymes does not occur on the basis of random associations, but as a result of a peculiar understanding of what is happening.
In parallel with the development of education, abstruse rhymes spread. Schools in which they taught foreign languages, became a breeding ground for the emergence, existence and transmission of such texts. “Latin words penetrated the counting rhymes of European peoples primarily under the influence of school and university teaching of Latin and from the Catholic service perceived by ear,” the researcher believes. Therefore, such words of sacred vocabulary as “deus”, “dominus” appeared in the vocabulary, the word “grammars” was often mentioned in the rhymes themselves. E.A. Kostyukhin even speaks of the hypnotic effect of abstruse language.
The noted two plans of vocabulary related to the service and the actual educational process are found in the counting rhymes of European schoolchildren. D. Simonides compares the texts of the German and Polish rhymes, noting some lexical coincidences:
Figgi faggi dominus,
du bist hier und bist duss
Edydy, medydy, cycymer
Afel, bafer, dominer
Al zgot, wryna wrot
Aja, baja, myka, wun.
Some texts were recorded from the end of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century in all Slavic peoples, in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.
The first records of counting rhymes refer to XVIII century, the researchers did not immediately separate the counting rhyme from the game and saw in it an independent type of oral folk art. Already in the 19th century, A.N. Martynov, counting rhymes had no analogies in adult folklore.
Today, counting rhymes significantly prevail over other genres and forms of children's folklore in terms of the number of entries. They are found in almost all nations.
In terms of the number of options, the first place among the counting rhymes is occupied by "Pervinchiki-druginchiki" and "Pervodan, drugodan".
Primary friends,
Pigeons flew
By God's dew
On the pop lane.
There are goliks, nuts,
Honey, sugar -
Get out, little one.
Pervodan -
Drugodan,
Guessed four
Sexton boat,
Pigeon leg.
Prelo, burned
Flew over the sea
Church across the sea
The village of Kulikovo.
Get out.
Solomin
whistle
ring
buzzed ka
Feature of counting rhymes is the utmost conciseness and conciseness, they practically do not contain a plot basis, presenting a list of items or a description of the order of counting. The desire for expressiveness and dimensionality of the verse determines the use of repetitions, dialogic form, and simple syntax.
Rhymes help to learn more lines of poetry and, therefore, contribute to the development of memory. In addition to the cognitive function, they also carry aesthetic and ethical functions. Children learn to speak correctly and to highlight the necessary parts of the poem with their voice. Usually the right to pronounce the rhyme is given to the player who will not deceive his partners and will accurately and consistently count.
The order of pronunciation of the rhyme the following: the children participating in the game stand in a circle or in a row, one of the children stands in the middle and pronounces, chanting, a counting rhyme, touching the hand in turn to those participating in the game with each word or syllable struck; the one on whom the last syllable or word fell is considered to be retired - freed from the lot; gradually drop out and others, who left last - is considered chosen. Depending on the conditions of the game, the first eliminated is sometimes chosen.
The nature of the performance of the rhyme, believes M.N. Melnikov testifies to their song and choral performance. At one time, P.A. Bessonov wrote that the children “would form a circle and sing a song; on whom the last word falls from the song, that is to keep his turn. They sing together, and one, who is older, points his finger along the row.
Study of. Russian counting rhymes were introduced into scientific circulation gradually. The first generalizing work should be considered the monograph by G.S. Vinogradov "Russian children's folklore". Book. I. (Irkutsk, 1930). It published 553 texts of rhymes with variants. Of the publications of recent years, the collection "Russian Children's Folklore of Karelia" stands out. Comp. CM. Leuter (Petrozavodsk, 1991).
Classification G.S. Vinogradov is based on a dictionary feature: there are counting rhymes, abstruse rhymes and replacement rhymes.
The first group includes works containing counter words - quantitative and ordinal numbers:
One, two, three, four, five / The boys went out to play.
The mobility of the classification is visible in the use of the equivalents of numerals (First-borns, friends / Pigeons flew) or "bewildered" numerals (Azy, dvaza, triza, riza, heel, lata, tuni, muni, tupa, ukrest).
Considering the originality of such counting rhymes, O.I. Kapitsa suggested referring them to "abstruse counting rhymes", thus denoting a word-building game with numbers: "Pervodan, drugodan, guessed four", "Pirvoshka, friend", "Razi, dvazi, trizi", "Odiyan, drugiyan", etc. .
A.P. Toporkov shows the similarity of the process that took place in the same way in different places at different peoples. One option
Eni, benny, ricky, fakie,
Turba, Urba, Sintabryaki,
Daewoo, Daewoo, Krasnodew, Bam.
And the other in the Belarusian village:
Eni-beni, ricky-taki,
Shorba-urba, septembers,
Deus, deus, shahmadaws - Bam.
Children often remake texts known to them, simplifying and adapting them to a specific audience; the noted property can be considered a feature of rhymes. “They have no conceptual meaning, all interest lies in the sound side of words. In counting rhymes, the phonetic side of the word is, as it were, exposed, giving children satisfaction with extraordinary sound combinations.
Eniki-Beniks,
si wheel,
Eniki-Beniks,
Ana-duna-zhes,
Kinda-rinda-cut,
Ana-duna-slave,
Kinda-rinda-toad.
Ober, baber,
ober-baber,
Obviously, to create a rhythm, words or individual syllables are selected that allow you to fill in the voids, to give the phrase a finished look. Let us give an example of a counting rhyme from the collection of A.N. Martynova, where the introduced sounds or rows of zaumi and counter words literally allow you to transform the text:
- Where are you going?
- To the market.
- For oats.
Changed dialog looks different
Sinti-brinti - where are you going?
Sinti-brinti - to the market.
Synth-brinty - what's up?
Sinti-brinti - for oats.
Sinti-brinti - who are you?
Sinti-brinti - I'm a horse.
Traditionally, the counting rhyme is played from one to ten. But the words denoting the account were usually modified: they rearranged the syllables, added new ones, it turned out: azi, dvazi, trizi, easy, heels, lats, noise, ruba, oak, cross. G.S. Vinogradov tried to decipher some of the meanings: times (one) - azi, anzi, aziki, knapsacks, reason, razim; two - dvazi, dvantsy, dvantsik; the first - pervenchiki, perveliki, primary; the other - friends, friends, friends.
In abstruse counting rhymes there are words that are incomprehensible to those who pronounce, but interesting in sound. Among them there are many foreign words. The following counter is interesting:
Anki shingles
Fufti-grace
Gramatok
Kislovrota
Shara-vara
In the above text, nitrogen and oxygen are used in the form of abstruse words. Rhyming rhymes from an unfamiliar language are adopted, distorted and become the basis for creating new rhymes. Moreover, in one children's environment, the counting rhyme is understandable and filled with meaning, in another it is perceived and used as abstruse.
Sometimes this process can be traced. So, in the Arkhangelsk province the following rhyme is recorded:
A tsendil
A similar rhyme, with minor deviations, was also recorded from Jewish children in the city of Orsha, Mogilev province:
A centzel
Pomergol
Puterclatz.
Transferred to Pomorye, she attracted children with her unusual words for them.
An interesting example is given by O.I. Kapitsa: “As a child, I passed it in Tiflis, during the game, we, the children, used the Georgian counting rhyme, which I still remember, but the meaning of which is still unknown to me”:
sanam shuri
Samshuraki
Beats of the storm
Bambukheri
Vorantis.
In a rhyme recorded in the Kotelnichesky district of the Vyatka province in 1927, we find, apparently, a distorted Georgian rhyme:
Atum-batum
Chumchuemum atambukh
Bambahira vom taz
Evening hour on the mountain.
A rhyme is known, the variants of which are recorded in the Tver, Pskov, Novgorod provinces:
The soldiers were walking
to the market,
What did you buy
Rhymes of foreign origin are perceived as "abstruse", a small number of texts have a certain semantic meaning.
Researchers have found that some words and phrases that are incomprehensible at first glance, in Western European counting rhymes (for example, in French) are comic alterations of words and formulas of Latin prayers.
Many European peoples have a counting rhyme according to the recount model:
One, two buckle my shoe
Three, four - open the door.
The German text comes close to it:
Unus duiis rabbes (One, two, rabbi)
Quartum quintum sabes (Four, five, Saturday).
During the transition of the counting rhyme to a foreign language, the Latin words changed, the Hebrew word shabes (Saturday) turned into the Russian toad, and the text began to be perceived as abstruse.
The abundance of abstruse rhymes led O.I. Kapitz to the conclusion that in counting rhymes there is a tendency "to give ordinary words an abstruse form." G.S. Vinogradov agreed with her, but emphasized that "word-images are gradually replacing absurdity in counting rhymes."
The third type of counting rhymes is designated by G.S. Vinogradov as substitution counters. There are no numerals or abstruse words in them. The presence of a plot allows some researchers to call them "plot counting rhymes":
Wonderful three-story house,
Upstairs, a brave whistle,
How the horn buzzes
All the people run to him.
(March., 346.)
Probably, replacement counting rhymes appeared later than other varieties.
O.I. Kapitsa gives an example in which the signs of different groups are combined:
Chikulai in Moscow
On Mikhailovka
chiku chiku chiku
Chiku-chiku-flare!
ein zwein drain
Lead, lmde lay!
Eye sideways
not far
Another feature is the basis for the classification of G.A. Bartashevich, distinguishing plot and plotless counting rhymes.
M.N. Melnikov, following his predecessors, also notes other qualities of rhymes: “The compositional construction of abstruse rhymes is based on the sound-rhythmic principle, plot ones - narrative or dramatic development of the plot, cumulative ones - accumulation, combining sometimes heterogeneous images without apparent logical necessity" (Melnik., p. 135).
A kind of plot counting rhymes M.N. Melnikov considers a form based on dialogue and built by "repeating sound combinations at certain intervals":
Soldiers were walking
To the market.
– What did you buy?
- Samovar.
- How much is?
- Three rubles.
Aty, baty - there were soldiers,
Aty, bati - to the market.
Aty, bati - what did you buy?
Aty, baty - samovar.
Aty, bati - how much does it cost?
Aty, baht - three rubles.
Although there are few such texts, the researcher believes that the repetitive scales that carry the main compositional load (imitation of the sounds of the balalaika is enhanced by the construction of a rhyme: “Tsyntsy-bryntsy, balalaika”) attract children and contribute to the spread of texts. Indirect speech practically not used.
The structure of the rhyme. Traditionally, a counting rhyme consists of an appeal, the main part, a question or appeal, and an ending.
Linguist V.E. Orel pointed out that the beginning of the counting rhyme "ene bene" or "eniki benik" has close parallels in German counting rhymes, they also begin with the words: "Enige benige", "Ennege, bennege". In medieval Germany, texts similar to modern counting rhymes were pronounced by landsknechts when playing dice. Beginnings like "eniki beniks" can go back to the Middle, High German "eines bein (es) doppelte", i.e. "one (single) bone doubled." From Western Europe the rhyme could get to Russia through Poland or with German or Jewish settlers (there are similar forms in Yiddish).
Development of action in a counting rhyme predetermined by a specific plot or, on the contrary, arises due to the combination of individual pictures or words-images.
The above rhymes consist of separate sentences in which the connection between words is preserved. Another type of counting rhyme consists of meaningful words that are not related to each other, except for consonance.
Usually in counting rhymes, a two-syllable foot with a choreic size is common. One or two numbers rhyme with single words or sentences.
Three four,
hitched;
Five six,
Hay to weigh;
Seven eight,
We mow hay;
Nine ten,
Weigh money;
Eleven twelve,
Scolding on the street
They quarrel in the hut. (XLIX)
One, two - buckle my shoes.
Three, four - open the door.
Five, six - pick up stick.
Seven, eight - lay then straight.
Nine, ten - a good fat hen.
Eleven, twelve - I hope you're well.
Other counting rhymes begin with a line counting up to four or five:
One two three four,
Midges lived in the apartment.
A friend came to them
The cross is a big spider.
Five, six, seven, eight
We will ask the spider:
"You glutton do not go."
Come on, Mishenka, drive.
The well-known counting rhymes begin in a similar way: “One, two, three, four, five, the bunny went out for a walk” and “One, two, three, four, they taught me to read and write.” Note that there are numerous variants of this rhyme, G.S. Vinogradov cites 24 variants from his collection.
For comparison, we give a German rhyme with the same beginning:
Eins, zwei, drei, fier,
Auf dem Clavier,
Steth ein glas Bier,
Steth ein glas Wein,
Denn du zolst es sein.
Some rhymes end with a question, to which the participant must answer with an arbitrary number, after which the corresponding number of children is counted in order, the last one leaves.
A man was driving along the road
Broke a wheel on the doorstep
How many nails do you need?
Speak quickly.
Behind glass doors
Sitting ass with pies
Say ass buddy
How much is a pie!
The abundance of appeals and rhetorical questions determines the use of the dialogical form. Such a counting rhyme is very popular among children:
- White hare (vor. month)
Where have you been?
- In the forest.
- What have you been doing?
- Lyki fought.
- Where did you put it?
- Under the deck.
- Who took it?
- Rodivon.
- Get out!
The same rhyme occurs without questions, but less often:
Hare (month)
Pulled out the grass
Put it on the bench
Who will take
Vaughn will go.
Here is an example of another rhyme with a stable text, which is also very popular among children:
The apple rolled
Around the garden
Who raised it
That governor -
Warlord's son.
Vanya was driving from Kazan,
One and a half hundred rubles sleigh,
Twenty-five rubles arc.
The boy is the girl's servant.
You, servant, give the carriage -
I will sit in it and go.
The metric system of counting rhymes is subject to conversational rhythm, so the most common size is the trochee, although there are iambic, dactyl, anapaest and even amphibrachs. The oral existence of counting rhymes determines the division of the verse depending on the rhythm, syntactic pauses also indicate the count.
The rhyme is pronounced monotonously, measuredly, the rhythm plays a special role in it. "... Violation of it nowhere has such consequences as in counting rhymes: the discovery of a broken rhythm nullifies the performance of the work, makes it necessary to re-pronounce it." The last shock stop indicates who will drive.
Usually, counting rhymes consist of rhyming couplets. M.N. Melnikov notes: “The most common are quatrains, six-line, eight-line. There are three-line, five-line, seven-line and longer ones, but much less frequently. There are also unrhymed verses. They are more often used in couplets and tertiary lines. The most diverse rhymes are used: paired, cross, covering, etc. Almost all counting texts give a combination of male and female rhymes, dactylic is very rare. There is no definite alternation of rhyme” (p. 139).
Vocabulary of counting rhymes has a special meaning, it indicates their origin, it contains words associated with a direct and veiled account.
Children easily use words from various areas include, in particular, a variety of terms. They often produce “countless alterations of words, move words within a phrase, change stresses, allow the introduction of zaumi and zauminization of words” (Melnik., p. 137). Often there are substitutions of words, instead of "carriage" appears "rocket":
…Send me a rocket.
And I'll sit down and go.
I will go to Leningrad
for the October parade.
There is a modification of the well-known formula
One, two, three, four, five
went out into space for a walk.
Obviously, verbal transmission occurred over time. You can also talk about the mobility of the lexical composition and constant replacements.
Word creation in counting rhymes obeys certain patterns. They are especially characterized by paired rhyming words: ricky-peaks, clatter-clappers, aber-faber etc. There are also combinations of sounds that formally coincide with ordinary words: peaks, wedge, pancake, pockmarked, toad.
It is natural that verbal experiments lead to a comic speech effect - "For the cherem, for the pregnant, for the old, for Pyotr Petrovich, Yegorych, the coward."
Rhymes are full of nouns, verbs and interjections, other parts of speech are much less common. The location of parts of speech is predetermined by the form of counting rhymes, focus on the account: the predicate is often placed in front of the subject (“They lived in the apartment”), refers to the end of the phrase (“You, hostess, don’t yawn // Just collect money) or omitted (“One, the other - collar with an arc"). We also note the presence of impersonal sentences - proximity to fortune-telling according to G.S. Vinogradov (“One, two, three, four - they taught me to read and write”).
Rhymes similar With other forms, there are ordinary songs and jokes that are used as counting rhymes. They often use elements of fairy tales, riddles, proverbs, songs, children's satire. Following G.S. Vinogradov M.N. Melnikov believed that counting rhymes were borrowed primarily from maternal poetry - pestles, nursery rhymes, lullabies. From the game sentence:
Oh, you are a dawn-dawn -
morning dawn,
and who will sleep through the dawn,
I quilt that.
Ditties could become the basis of counting rhymes:
Wait, Vanya get married
your hut is falling down;
get the first hut
then bring the bride.
The use of some rhymes is considered mandatory for the distribution of roles in the game. So, in the Porkhov district of the Pskov province, when playing "Fox", the following rhyme is pronounced:
Pivrashka, friend
Troshka, volshka,
Tyadun, lyadun.
Tokan, rohan,
Dikin, throw it out.
Rhythm:
Shishel came out
With jug
takes three out of the game at once, those on whom the words fall: “out”, “out” and “with a jug”.
Today, counting rhymes remain the most popular genre of children's folklore. They are constantly evolving, enriched by new realities.
A fairly long stick is taken (shovel, mop, ruler). In order for the result to be truly random, they toss it vertically and catch it with their hand somewhere in the middle. After that, all the participants in the game take turns clasping the stick, first with one and then with the other hand, until there is space on it. The one who did not have enough space - that and drive! There is another version of this draw: after tossing, they say: “ with tire!" or " without tire! "With a tire" means that after the stick is over, you can cover the latter's fist with your palm. And the next one in line will drive.
On thumbs
If there was no stick at hand, the drawing of lots on thumbs. It happens in much the same way as with a stick, only the stick turns out to be imaginary and instead of it you need to have time to grab the thumb raised up. Thus, a chain of fists is obtained. The last one to join this chain becomes the leader.
Rock Paper Scissors...
You can just throw on your fingers at the expense of " Rock, Paper, Scissors - One, Two, Three!» (or Stone, Scissors, Paper, Tsu-E-Fa).
This process is no less exciting than the game itself. On word Three each must draw one of three figures from the fingers:
- Stone (fist). Breaks scissors but wraps itself in paper
- Scissors (splayed index and middle fingers). Cut paper but break stone
- Paper (straight palm). Cut with scissors, but wraps the stone.
After that, they count who defeated whom. Usually such a pairing takes place in pairs according to the system of elimination of the loser. In case of coincidence of the figures, a second draw is made.
Short match (straw)
Several identical sticks (matches, straws) are taken. One of them is marked, usually just broken off. After that, everyone in turn begins to pull out one match, with bated breath, watching whether he gets a short (labeled) match (straw) and he becomes the leader.