OLGA Bagapova
Pedagogical project "Folk outdoor games of the Urals"
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution"Kindergarten of the combined type" Rodnichok ".
Pedagogical project
"Folk outdoor games of the Urals".
Compiled by: teacher Bagapova Olga Yurievna
Project name: "Folk outdoor games of the Urals".
Relevance of the topic: The world of childhood cannot be without a game. The game in the life of a child is a moment of joy, fun, competition, it leads the child through life. Children's games are diverse, these are games with toys, games with movements, competition games, games with a ball and others. sports equipment. At preschool age, children play all the time - this is their natural need, this is a way of knowing the environment.
Funny outdoor games are our childhood. Who does not remember the invariable hide-and-seek, salochek, traps! When did they arise? Who came up with these games? There is only one answer to this question: they are created by the people in the same way as fairy tales and songs. Both we and our children love to play Russian folk games. Russian folk outdoor games have a long history, they have been preserved and survived to this day from ancient times, passed down from generation to generation, observing national traditions.
These games reflect the love of the people for fun, movement, and daring. There are fun games with inventing absurdities, with funny movements, gestures, "ransom forfeits" Jokes and humor are characteristic of these games. Russian folk games are valuable for children in a pedagogical sense: they pay great attention to the education of the mind, character, will, and strengthen the child.
The educational value of folk outdoor games is enormous. K. D. Ushinsky wrote that education, created by the people themselves and based on popular principles, has that educational power that is not in the most best systems based on abstract ideas or borrowed from another people.
He also considered it necessary to pay attention to folk games, work out this rich source, organize them and create from them an excellent and powerful educational tool.
In Russia, they have always liked to play games, both mobile and not.
Russian games are very diverse, they contain the spirit and history of the Russian people. The Urals is no exception.
Thematic field: What are folk outdoor games of the Urals?
Expected results:
the use by children in active speech of nursery rhymes, counting rhymes, riddles.
children know how to play Russian folk outdoor games, use counting rhymes.
create a system of work to familiarize children with the origins of Russian folk culture, through Russian folk outdoor games of the Urals.
to involve parents in the educational process through holding Russian folk outdoor games.
Creation of card indexes of games, counting rhymes.
Target: Education and development of children on the ideas of folk pedagogy, physical education of children 4-5 years old, the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children through outdoor games.
Project objectives:
Teaching folk outdoor games and joint actions.
The development of physical qualities: dexterity, balance, speed of movement through folk outdoor games.
Consolidation of the basic movements: running, jumping, throwing during the folk outdoor games.
Education of love for the native land, independence in decision-making.
Use all kinds of folklore (fairy tales, songs, nursery rhymes, proverbs, sayings, riddles, round dances, as folklore is the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children.
Project type:
According to the composition of participants: group (children, parents, teachers);
By target setting: informational, gaming,
In terms of implementation: medium-term (April-September 2014)
List of participants: children, parents, group teachers, FC instructor.
Presentation form: demonstration of the presentation of the project "Folk outdoor games of the Urals".
Material and technical resources required to complete the project: balls, pencils, plasticine, flags, tambourine, bell, scarf, animal masks, jump rope, tape recorder, projector, camera.
Scenario of joint activities to solve problems:
Stages Forms of interaction Content of activity Terms Responsible
preparatory Teachers - children Conversation: "What outdoor games do you know?",
Conversation: “Where did games come from?” 1.04 -14.04.2014 Teachers of the group
Teachers - parents Discussion with parents of issues related to the implementation of the project. Group teachers
Activities - educators - Discussion of the goals and objectives of the project.
Preparation of attributes for games.
Drawing up a long-term plan.
Selection of visual material. Group teachers
Main Teachers - children - Making attributes for games,
Memorizing nursery rhymes, counting rhymes,
Solving riddles about animals and birds,
Learning folk outdoor games,
NOD molding: "Blind your favorite character of the folk game"
Conversation about the benefits of outdoor games
Examining the illustrations
group teachers.
FC instructor
Teachers - parents - Consultations for parents.
Folder "Folk Games of the Urals"
Questioning of parents "Introducing children to the origins of folk culture"
Group teachers
Activities - teachers
Consultation for teachers: "Classification of folk games"
Consultation for teachers: "Organization of outdoor games for a walk";
Development of a card file: outdoor games of the Urals, sedentary, round dance.
Equipment of the material and technical base.
FC instructor
Group teachers
Parents - children - making attributes
Organization of outdoor games
Making drawings "my favorite folk outdoor game"
Final Teachers - children - parents - design of an album of drawings: "My favorite folk outdoor game"
Summing up the design of project materials,
Sports festival "My favorite folk outdoor game"
Group teachers
FC instructor
presentation Activities of teachers Presentation of the project Group teacher
Technological map of the project:
Educational area
Type of activity Content of activity
Cognitive development Cognitive, cognitive-exploratory, productive. - Conversations: “What outdoor games do you know?”, “Where did the games come from?”,
Watching the games of children of the senior and preparatory groups,
Examination of illustrations, albums of folk outdoor games in the old days.
Speech development Communication - Learning nursery rhymes, counting rhymes,
Drawing up a story from a picture (about an outdoor game, what kind of game.)
D / and "Guess the outdoor game from the picture"
Solving riddles about animals and birds
Physical Physical - Learning and conducting outdoor games.
Sports festival "My favorite folk outdoor game"
Social and communicative development Game, cognitive, communicative Conversation about the rules of the game.
Conversation: "Introducing children to the culture of the Urals"
Artistic and aesthetic development Creative, musical and artistic - production of attributes for outdoor games,
Making an album: "My favorite mobile folk game",
Modeling: "Characters of folk outdoor games"
Description of achieved educational results:
Children use nursery rhymes, counting rhymes in active speech. They know and know how to play folk games, use counting rhymes. Created file cabinets for outdoor games of the Urals; card file of counting rhymes; file cabinet sedentary games; Card file of round dance games. Parents actively participated in the project.
Literature:
1. M. F. Litvinova. Russian folk outdoor games. M. : Iris-press, 2003.
2. O. L. Knyazeva, M. D. Makhaneva. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program. Teaching aid. - St. Petersburg. : Detstvo-Press, 2010
3. Card index of "Russian folk outdoor games";
4. Card file "Sedentary games";
5. Card file "Counting";
6. Card file "Poteshek";
7. Card index of "Round dance games".
In the Museum of Russian Fun under the open sky, created specifically for the revival of the Russian folk game, local historians have collected games that Vyatka peasants played a century or more ago. We bring to your attention some of them:
Malechina-kalechina
Malechina-kalechina is an old folk game. The game consists in placing the stick vertically on the tip of one or two fingers of the hand (you cannot support the stick with the other hand) and, turning to the little one, pronounce the rhyme in recitative:
"Malechina-kalechina,
how many hours till evening?
One two Three..."
They count as long as they manage to keep the stick from falling. When the stick sways, it is picked up with the second hand, preventing it from falling. The winner is determined by the value of the number to which he counted.
grandmother
In Russia, "Babki" were widespread already in the 6th-8th centuries. and were my favorite game. Grandmas are taken for the game - specially processed bones of the joints of the legs of cows, pigs, sheep. The Russians have the greatest respect for cow pasterns: they are larger and can be hit from a great distance. Each player should have their own bat and 3-10 money. The largest and heaviest headstock is taken as a bit (its inner cavity is often filled with lead or tin). Grandma games themselves are divided into countless types. Here is an example of one of them. Players bet out of the blue on the nest on the cue ball. Then they determine the conditional distance - horses. To whom to start the game first - to beat and to whom after, they draw lots about that. Players, standing on the line, beat with cue balls according to seniority. If the grandmas that are at stake are knocked down, then they are considered their winnings. When they have all struck, then each goes over to his cue ball and beats from the place where his cue ball lies; whoever lies further, he first starts and beats, and the rest finish the game according to the distance of their cue balls.
Rope
Rope - an old wedding game, amuses married and family people at conspiracies, at gatherings and young girls, alone, without men. But this has happened before; now all wedding conspirators amuse themselves with a rope indiscriminately. The matchmaker brings a rope into the room, the ends of which the matchmaker or boyfriend are tied in one knot. Players grab this rope with both hands, forming a circle around it. In the middle of the circle becomes a matchmaker or matchmaker for the beginning. Going around everyone, the matchmaker - to whom he says a red word, to whom he sings a saying or envies a fairy tale, trying to express in it the characters of the conspirators. Her words, although sometimes quite offensive, are answered with praise, a smile and good youth. Circular - this is the name of the matchmaker, standing in the middle of the players - among the stories, notices: someone is looking around, and, after watching, immediately beats him on the arm. The blunderer stands in a circle, with general laughter, and starts his tales. Sometimes, instead of fables, the players sing wedding songs.
turnip
Fun based on Russian folk tale"Turnip". All players stand one after another, clasping the previous one around the waist. The first player grabs a small tree trunk or post. "Grandfather" begins to pull the last player, trying to tear him away from the rest. There is another version of the game: Players sit opposite each other, resting their feet on the opponent's legs. Hands hold on to a stick. On command, they begin, without getting up, to pull each other towards themselves. The one who pulls the opponent wins.
Fun "Cherry"
This game is intended for young boys and girls of marriageable age. Everyone becomes shoulder to shoulder in two lines opposite each other at arm's length (or a little closer). Participants put their hands in front of them at a level just above the waist with palms up or clasp their hands in a lock for a stronger connection. It turns out a corridor. Volunteer (cherry), runs up and jumps like a fish on his hands at the beginning of the corridor. The task is to throw a cherry to the end of the corridor. Cherry should stretch his arms forward and keep his legs together. The corridor should crouch a little and at the same time as shouting "Eeeh-x" toss the cherry up and forward along the corridor. The main thing here is to scatter more and fly higher and further away, and after that the hands of the comrades will bring the player to the girl who needs to be kissed. After rolling over the waves from your hands for a couple of tens of meters, the kiss turns out to be very sensual. The main thing in the game is to slow down in time, otherwise you will fly past the desired addressee.
Burners
Old Russian fun. Burners were played by girls and single young men. A guy was always chosen as the driver, and he could only catch a girl, so the game made it possible to get acquainted, communicate, choose a bride. “Single guys and girls are installed in pairs in a long row, and one of the fellows, who gets to burn by lot, stands in front of everyone and says:
- "I'm burning, I'm burning a stump!"
- "What are you burning for?" a girl's voice asks.
- "I want a red maiden."
- "Which?"
- "You, young!"
At these words, one couple scatters in different sides, trying again to converge with each other and grab hands; and who was on fire - he rushes to catch his girlfriend. If he manages to catch the girl before she meets her mate, they stand in a row, and the one who remains alone takes his place. If he fails to catch, then he continues to chase other couples, who, after the same questions and answers, run in turn. A.N. Afanasiev
Brook
Not a single holiday in the old days was complete for young people without this game. Here you have a fight for your beloved, and jealousy, and a test of feelings, and a magical touch on the chosen hand. The game is wonderful, wise and extremely meaningful. The players stand one after another in pairs, usually a boy and a girl, join hands and hold them high above their heads. From clasped hands, a long corridor is obtained. The player who did not get a pair goes to the "source" of the stream and, passing under clasped hands, looks for a pair. Holding hands, the new couple makes their way to the end of the corridor, and the one whose pair was broken goes to the beginning of the "brook". And passing under clasped hands, he takes with him the one he likes. This is how the "streamlet" moves - the more participants, the more fun game, especially fun to spend with music.
Kubar
Head over heels were one of the most common games in Ancient Russia. Already in the X century. Kubar had such a perfect form that it has hardly changed to this day. The simplest kubari were carved with an ax and a knife from a wooden cylinder by squeezing its lower end to the shape of a cone. An obligatory accessory for head over heels games is a whip (rope on a short stick) or just a rope, with which head over heels spin up to a fast and steady rotation. Kubar starts in different ways. Sometimes it is untwisted between the palms, and more often a rope is wound head over heels and pulled with force at its end. This gives the head over heels a rotational movement, which can then be maintained by whipping head over heels with a whip or string. Kubar at the same time does not fall, but only slightly bounces “as if alive” and begins to rotate even faster, moving gradually in a certain direction. Skilled players compete by driving head over heels in an agreed direction, often winding, maneuvering between various obstacles or overcoming an obstacle.
Chizhik
Chizhik is a children's game, it amuses children successfully and saddens by accidental beatings. The eldest of the children outlines on the ground with chalk or a sharp stick a square - a “cage”, in its middle he sets a stone, on which he puts a stick - a “chizhik”. Everyone takes turns approaching the “cage” with another long stick and hitting the “chizhik”, which flies up from the blow. Then other players beat the "chizhik" on the fly, trying to drive him back into the "cage". The game continues until then, until one of the players with a broken face appears and, with a cry, begins to search for the culprit. But since the beatings are soon forgotten by the children, the Chizhik game will soon resume.
Dawn
The players stand in a circle, hold their hands behind their backs, and one of the players - “dawn” walks behind with a ribbon and says:
Dawn - lightning,
red maiden,
Walked across the field
Dropped the keys
golden keys,
blue ribbons,
entwined rings -
Went for water!
With the last words, the leader carefully places the tape on the shoulder of one of the players, who, noticing this, quickly takes the tape, and they both run in different directions in a circle. The one who is left without a place becomes a "dawn".
Petushki
Boys love to bully, push, even fight - in a word, cock. But real boyish fights were not carried out somehow, but according to the rules. For the game, a small circle was drawn, and two players stood in its center. The rules were strict - the guys had their hands behind their backs, you couldn’t stand on two legs, just jump on one leg. The guys could push with their shoulders, chest, back, but not with their heads and not with their hands. If you managed to push your opponent so that he stepped on the ground with his second foot or jumped out of the circle, you won.
Slaps in the face
Good old fun for guys. Two fellows sit on a bench opposite each other, cross-legged under the bench, and inflict “slaps” on each other. A narrow bench and crossed legs make it difficult to deliver strong blows with a tense arm. Once one of the guys tried to hit harder, and even with his fist, which was against the rules, but he got worse - he became a victim of his own outstanding inertia and a narrow bench and flew to the ground.
Bag fight
Two good fellows get up or sit down on a log, take a bag in their hands and, on command, begin to beat the opponent with a bag, trying to throw him off the log to the ground. For complexity, you can keep one hand tightly pressed to the lower back, and act with the other hand. Here, the ability to move, to feel the movement of the enemy, to use his inertia becomes more important.
Pole riding
This folk winter fun was once widespread in the provinces of Russia. On the slope of a mountain or hillock, two even, smoothly planed poles (poles) 15-20 m long are placed under a slope parallel to each other at a distance of about 1 meter. Two smooth rails are obtained, along which you can slide down the mountain. The poles are repeatedly poured with water so that they freeze solid and become slippery. Whoever wants to ride on the poles picks up a partner of similar height and weight. Partners stand on poles facing each other, supporting each other with their hands by the shoulders or waist. However, the methods can be very different, if only to resist the rapid slide down. The coordination of actions, the ability to maintain balance, ingenuity, courage allow some to ride in the most remote and comic poses.
Cradle
For this fun, you need a rope 2-3 meters long. The rope is held by two, or you can tie one of the ends to a tree. The rope is not twisted, but only swayed above the ground at different heights - from 10 centimeters and above. Guys and girls one by one (or in pairs) scatter and jump over a swinging rope or start jumping different ways: with closed legs, on one leg, with crossed legs, with a turn when jumping, etc. Jump until they make mistakes. The one who makes a mistake replaces one of the rope swingers. A mistake is considered not only an unsuccessful jump, but also any touching of the rope.
Spillikins
Spillikins are small straws (or sticks - wooden, reed, bone or from any other, even artificial material) 10 centimeters long, and in number from sixty to one hundred. The beam is thrown on the table, or any flat surface, so that the spillikins lie in a chaotic disorder one on top of the other and side by side. The playing participants of the fun strictly alternately remove them one at a time - as it is more convenient: with their fingers or with a special wire hook mounted on a stick. Whoever just moves the neighboring spillikin, immediately passes the hook to the next player. This continues until the entire pile is completely disassembled. The winner is the participant who has accumulated the largest number of flawlessly taken spillikins. Heads are attached to some spillikins, calling them: king, general, colonel, etc .; you can also give the sticks the appearance of a spear, knife, saw, spade, etc. For such special spillikins, more points are awarded.
Zhmurki
The driving player is called a "blind man".
Blindfolded is blindfolded (usually with a scarf or handkerchief). They untwist it and then ask:
- Cat, cat, what are you standing on?
- At the pot.
- What's in the pot?
“Catch the mice, not us.
After that, the players scatter, and the blind man's blind man catches them. Blind Man's Buff should catch any other player and identify him. If successful, the one caught becomes a blind man's buffoon. Players can run around, freeze in one place, “tease” the driver in order to attract his attention and, perhaps, thus save the player to whom the driver or “blind man’s blind man” came too close.
Bells
This is an old Russian game. The players stand in a circle. Two people go to the middle - one with a bell or a bell, and the other is blindfolded. Everyone else sings:
Tryntsy-bryntsy, bells,
The daredevils called:
Digi digi digi dong
Guess where the call is coming from!
After these words, the blindfolded player must, by the sound of the bell, catch the participant dodging him. When a participant with a bell is caught, he becomes the leader, and the second player becomes in the general circle.
Golden Gate
In this game, two players stand opposite each other and, holding hands, raise them up. Get the "gate". The rest stand one after another and put their hands on the shoulders of the person in front, or simply hold hands. The resulting chain should pass under the gate. And the "gates" at this time pronounce:
Golden Gate
They don't always miss!
Saying goodbye for the first time
The second time is forbidden
And for the third time
We won't miss you!
After these words, the “gates” abruptly lower their hands, and those players who were caught also become “gates”. Gradually, the number of "gates" increases, and the chain decreases. The game ends when all players become "gates".
Swan geese
Having chosen two or one wolf, depending on the number of players, they choose the leader, the one that starts the game. All the rest become geese. The leader stands at one end of the site, the geese at the other, and the wolves hide to the side. The leader paces, glances, and, noticing the wolves, runs to his place, claps his hands and shouts:
Geese-swans, go home!
- Run, fly home, there are wolves behind the mountain!
What do wolves need?
- Pinch gray geese and gnaw bones!
After these words, the geese should have time to run to the leader before the wolves grab them. The captured geese are out of the game, and the remaining players repeat the game again until the wolves have caught all the geese.
Easter egg rolling
Egg rolling is a competitive game, its goal is to get the eggs of other players. A track (also called a skating rink or tray) is installed on a flat area, which is a chute made of cardboard or wood, at the end of which painted eggs are laid out, as well as toys and other trinkets. The track can be inclined, and its shape varies. Sometimes they do without a special track, while eggs are rolled on the floor or on the grass. Each player rolls their egg along the path. If it hits any of the items, that item is won. If the egg does not touch any object, it is left on the site, and it can go to another player as a prize.
Elephant
Elephant is an old Russian game, which is especially loved by boys, as the game brings out the strongest and most enduring. The players are divided into two equal in strength and in the number of team members. One of the teams is an elephant, the other jumps on it. The strongest and strongest player stands in front facing the wall, leaning against it, bending over and lowering his head. The next participant grabs him by the belt and hides his head, followed by the third, fourth, and so on. They must hold tightly to each other, depicting an elephant. The members of the other team take turns running up and jumping on the back of the elephant so as to sit as far forward as possible, leaving room for the next. The task of the players is to stay on the elephant with the whole team and not fall off for 10 seconds. After that, the team members switch roles.
Kiss, girl, well done
The game will require many participants - girls and boys. The players stand in a circle, and one becomes in the center. Then everyone starts moving: the circle rotates in one direction, the one in the center in the other. The player in the center spins with their eyes closed and their arm outstretched in front of them. Everyone sings:
Matryoshka walked along the path,
Lost two earrings
Two earrings, two rings,
Kiss, girl, well done.
With the last words, everyone stops. The player pointed to by the leader's hand goes to the center. Players stand with their backs to each other and turn their heads to the left or right at the expense of "three"; if the sides match, then the lucky ones kiss!
ringleader
First, all players stand in a circle facing the center. The driver moves away from the players, who, in turn, choose the "ringleader". The ringleader shows all the other players different moves, and the players repeat these movements, keeping up with the ringleader. The driver must guess who is the "ringleader". If after 20 seconds he does not succeed, the driver is out of the game, and the players choose a new driver for themselves.
Ring-ring
Everyone is sitting on a bench. The leader is chosen. He has a ring or other small object between his palms. The rest keep their hands closed. The driver with the ring goes around everyone and, as it were, puts a ring on them. But to whom he put it, only the one who got the ring knows. Others must observe and guess who has this item. When the driver says: “ring, ring, go out onto the porch,” the one who has it should jump out, and the rest, if you guessed it, detain him. If he managed to jump out, he starts driving, if not, the one who delayed him drives. Moreover, you can only hold it with your elbows, since the palms remain closed.
Municipal preschool educational institution
"Center for Child Development - Kindergarten No. 387", Perm
PROJECT THEME
"Russian Folk Games"
Project developed :
Yarkova Natalya Vyacheslavovna
educator
Nikitina Tamara Yurievna
music director and
history and culture teacher
MDOU "TsRR - d / s No. 387"
Motovilikha district
Perm
Perm 2010
Project name
"Russian Folk Games"
Type of
Pedagogical project
Members
Teacher - Yarkova Natalya Vyacheslavovna, teacher in history and culture - Nikitina Tamara Yurievna
Target group
Preschool children and their parents
Scale
The project is being implemented from September 2010 to June 2011, children - 21 people, parents - 40 people
Justification of the problem
The need to familiarize the younger generation with the national culture is interpreted by folk wisdom: our today, more than ever our past, also creates the traditions of the future. What will our descendants say about them? Our children should know well not only history Russian state but also the traditions of national culture, to realize, understand and actively participate in the revival of national culture; self-realization as a person who loves his homeland, his people and everything related to folk culture: Russian folk dances, in which children draw Russian customs, customs and the Russian spirit of freedom of creativity in Russian dance, or oral folklore: counting rhymes, poems, nursery rhymes, jokes, folk games that children love to play. Games are an integral part of the international, artistic and physical education children of different ages.
The peculiarity of folk games is that they, having moral basis, train the developing personality of social harmonization. Folk games teach a person that not any personal achievement has a price, but one that is consistently inscribed in the life of the children's community. It is believed that only folk games for preschoolers are a truly artistic and natural basis for successful education. Folk games for preschoolers are a natural environment in which art is intertwined with people's lives. Folk games can give preschoolers meetings with wonderful melodies performed in a truly native language. Forming in them a stable attitude to the culture of their native country, creating an emotionally positive basis for the development of patriotic feelings. Folk games contribute to the education of conscious discipline, will, perseverance in overcoming difficulties, teach children to be honest and truthful. Games in a natural form unobtrusively teach the child to be kind, hardworking, love nature, and be proud of their native land.
Childhood is that happy time when it is possible to consolidate the national culture in the mind.
Calendar folk games are invaluable national wealth. They are of interest not only as a genre of oral folk art. They contain information about Everyday life our ancestors - their way of life, work, worldview. Games were an indispensable element of folk ritual holidays.
The main condition for the successful introduction of folk games into the lives of children has always been and remains a deep knowledge and fluency in an extensive game repertoire, rich and diverse in content. From the first years of a child's life, introducing him to culture, universal values helps to lay the foundation of morality, patriotism in him, forms the foundations of self-awareness and individuality.
An analysis of the level of upbringing of the children of the older group in May 2010 showed that they have insufficiently formed moral and ethical feelings, patriotic feelings, children know little about the customs and traditions of the Russian people. Observations of children show that they rarely play folk games. Therefore, we decided to develop pedagogical project, which is aimed at introducing children to the national culture through Russian folk games. The project integrates well with the tasks of museum pedagogy, where children get acquainted with the folk calendar, the basics of Orthodox culture, traditions, life, customs of the Russian people, peasant labor, etc.
Conceptual basis of the project, predicted result
P.F. Lesgaft pointed out that in national games the child gets acquainted with the habits and customs of only a certain area, family life, known environment, its environment. He considered outdoor games the most valuable means of comprehensive education of the child's personality, the development of his moral qualities: honesty, truthfulness, endurance, discipline, camaraderie. One of the first P.F. Lesgaft proposed the use of outdoor games in the upbringing of children. His words are known: "We must use games to teach them (children) to control themselves." In the game, one must "teach them to restrain their divergent feelings and thus teach them to subordinate their actions to consciousness." The enormous educational value of folk outdoor games was pointed out by everyone who in one way or another came across them in their scientific and pedagogical activities.
First of all, it is necessary to turn to the works of E. A. Pokrovsky. This outstanding scientist noted that in the life of the Russian people different kind games and games from ancient times occupied a very prominent place. He was one of the few who paid attention to such a feature of folk games as the reflection in them of the history of a particular nation. In the old days, there were especially many games with a hint of a pagan cult, such, for example, the celebration of Kostroma, Yarila, etc., accompanied for the most part by noisy, noisy fun, songs and games. From early spring until late autumn in Russian villages, at every folk or temple holiday, people have long led round dances, accompanied by a special kind of songs and games. E. A. Pokrovsky emphasized that outdoor games are of great educational importance, since they require “the most extensive participation of all spiritual and bodily forces: a boldly conceived plan, speed of decision, and prudence in its implementation are combined here with the dexterous, agile movement of the body and its members. , presence of mind in unforeseen cases, tirelessness and perseverance in carrying out the plan to a strictly intended goal. Based on the analysis of national games, he came to the conclusion that the character of the people, no doubt, leaves its noticeable imprint on many manifestations of social and privacy of people. This character is also reflected in children's games, being reflected in them the sharper and more distinctly, the more enthusiasm and ease the children play, and therefore with greater freedom to manifest their national character. They act not only as a factor of physical development and education, but also as a means of spiritual formation of the personality. E.A. Pokrovsky wrote that toys and games are often made the first means of education, giving the first impetus to the further direction of character, mentality and vocation of individuals and even an entire people; it is the national children's games that are the most important educational means, consistent with the spirit of the people, in the likeness of how the people's speech achieves the same, folk poetry, fairy tales, sayings, riddles, etc.
The great importance of folk outdoor games was pointed out not only by scientists, teachers, but also public figures. So, A.N. Sobolev (clergyman, member of the Vladimir Scientific Archival Commission) noted that “games are of great importance for children in terms of the pleasure they give them. In the game children live; everything worldly is separated from them at this time, their initiative, creativity are manifested here in all their strength; in the game, the whole appearance of the players grows with their tastes, inclinations, mental warehouse and talents. The process of the game sets in motion the whole being of the player: both physical and spiritual. Starting to play, children want to play, i.e. to have a pleasant time, and this pleasantness of the game sometimes leads children to play until they are completely tired, as long as they have any strength to play. Rural children's games are much more varied and fun than urban ones. Every year, new ones are added to them, invented by the players themselves; tells their life. And here the sharp observation of kids often manifests itself, a natural Russian sense is revealed, which has not yet been crushed by any hardships of everyday life.
The need to pay attention to folk games in the upbringing of children was pointed out by the teacher E. N. Vodovozova. She recommended borrowing games from her people and diversifying them in accordance with Russian life. An outdoor game should teach ingenuity and resourcefulness.
The main condition for these games is to develop the child's imagination so that later he himself, without the help of a teacher, could invent such games.
A. P. Usova attached great importance to the use of Russian folk outdoor games. She noted that, first of all, games serve as an undoubted proof of the talent of the people and an instructive example of the fact that a good children's game is an example of high pedagogical skill; what is striking is not only this or that particular game, but also how folk pedagogy beautifully defined the sequence of games from infancy to adulthood.
Folk games are figurative, so they mainly captivate children. preschool age. Games contain an element of struggle, competition, and therefore, evoke emotions of joy, fear and encourage caution, and this captivates children.
Many types of Russian folklore, including outdoor games, date back in their origin to the primitive communal system. But there is almost no information about this. The ancient chroniclers were more interested in the structure of the life of adults, describing their wars and the characters of their leaders, in a word, the more political side of life, children usually paid too little attention, and they imagined their games, apparently, as hardly permissible children's pranks.
Most folk games are rooted in religious layers of life. For example, one of the reasons for the emergence of outdoor games are ritual games associated with superstitions and prejudices. A significant part of Russian folk art is associated with paganism. Pagan romance gave a special brilliance to Russian folk culture.
The beliefs of the tribes were based on the worship of the sun, fire, water and earth. Man expected from nature to bestow earthly blessings, honoring ancestors, reciting magic spells and making sacrifices to spirits or gods.
In the pagan culture of Ancient Russia, there was no separate caste of priests, sacrifices and prayers were performed by any person at the altars and statues of the then revered gods (Yarilo - the sun, Beles - the patron of cattle, Mokosh - the goddess of water, rain, Svarog - the god of weapons, sky and heavenly fire ).
In addition, the culture of Russia developed on the basis of the most severe exploitation of the working people, mainly the peasantry. All this was reflected in the games that were part of the life of the Russian people.
Almost all areas of oral folk art are permeated with the game to varying degrees: from the song that is “played” to the wedding - a kind of dramatic game with a clearly defined ritual-play behavior of each character. Special forms of ritual-play behavior can be found in calendar rites and folk games organized at Christmas time, Shrovetide, Trinity, Kupala night, etc.
The game at that time was not just leisurely entertainment, but a way of organizing economic, family and public life person. The game taught and instructed. The game developed all human abilities: intelligence, observation, dexterity, endurance, plasticity, the ability to communicate as circumstances require.
An interesting example of a game-rite, during the performance of which songs were sung with the obligatory mention of Lada (an organic combination of an agrarian deity and the patroness of marriage, containing the name of Lada), is the well-known game “And we sowed millet”.
And here is another game of this period in the life of the Russian people, but already from children's folklore - burners. We read about it from S. K. Yakub: “Russian historians of the last century directly connected the burners with the customs of the pagan Slavs. Every year on the longest day of the summer solstice (June 23), the Slavs had a holiday of Yarila (and later Kupala), dedicated to the Sun. By evening, our distant ancestors - the Slavs - converged on the banks of the rivers, lit fires for night games, jumped over the fire and bathed, "to meet the rising luminary in purity." On the same night, the "kidnapping" of the girls took place. In our most ancient chronicle - "The Tale of Bygone Years" - this is how it is said about this: "I look like games, dances, and all demonic games, and that wife's widow" - These words refer to a more ancient type of burners, where a guy can only catch a girl.
The origin of the very name of the game - "burners" - is evidenced by the Russian historian, the famous collector of folk tales A. N. Afanasiev. Here is what he writes about this: “In the epic language of folk songs ... it is sung:
Not fire burns, not resin boils, But the heart burns and boils zealously For the red maiden ...
Burners begin with the onset of spring, when the goddess Lada was famous, when nature itself enters into its fertile union with the thunder god and the earth is taken for its kind. Obviously, this game belongs to deep antiquity ... ".
During the winter holidays, at festive gatherings, the game song “Dream” was also performed, also associated with calendar holidays, the rules of behavior in which were inherited from ancient pagan times. It can be assumed that the Sandman here is the image of the Sun, which is awakened, lightly, jokingly reproached, waiting for warmth from it:
Will, Dremoshka, doze, Full, Drema, ashamed to sleep. Get up!
At Christmas time, they “led the Goat”, which amused everyone with its antics. Perhaps part of the dramatic scenes with this character is a game where the goat should show how old women, old men, girls, well done, and, finally, the goat itself, i.e., jump. people are having fun, waiting for spring. Perhaps to the Christmas game | the song “I’m already burying gold” goes back to the famous children’s game “Ringlet” (“Ringlet, ringlet, go out on the porch”).
In another children's game, "Kostroma", scientists find echoes of an ancient pagan ritual game in honor of Kostroma, who personified the spring-summer deity. Young girls and women made a scarecrow out of straw, dressed it in an elegant sundress, decorated it with flowers, put it in a trough and, imitating a funeral, carried it to the river with songs. There they sang all night, danced round dances, and then Kostroma was undressed and thrown into the river, mourning her death, along with which all summer round dances and festivities ended. The time of summer suffering has come. And in the children's refrain, words about the ancient meaning of the game were preserved:
We dressed up Kostroma, We saw off the spring-summer.
Although the entertainment function has been strengthened in it: the outcome of the game is, in essence, traps, because children need to run! Many games symbolically show the warmth and tenderness of family relationships. Such, for example, is "Utena":
She walked through the meadows, built a nest, brought out children, collected children.
Folk tradition creates an image of affectionate, bright:
The duckling swam through the blue lakes, She wet her legs, Wet her wings, She fluttered her wings, She fluttered to the shore.
She will become a kind, reliable mother to her children. And our children absorb together with the game this tenderness, poured into a simple melody.
During the game, the host of the game - the duckling, shows simple movements in accordance with the words of the text, which allows it to be used with preschool children.
Christianization of Russia and introduction new faith contributed to the formation of a special Christian pantheon of saints and the creation Christian holidays based on pagan. So, the winter Christmas time was replaced by the Christmas week, and the spring ones by the Easter week, which was reflected in the nature of games and entertainment for both young people and small children. For example, outdoor games, in particular blind man's buff, were typical for Christmas gatherings. The driver was blindfolded and taken to the door; then they ran up to him, clapped with a towel, a sash, a mitten, a palm, until he caught a replacement for himself. "Household" - a permanent set of Christmas games. It included: "Kostroma", "Pillar", "Chain", "Take Goods", "Upstart", "To Kings", "Paving the Bridge".
But on Maslenitsa, youth skiing from the icy mountains was common. In the Yuryevsky district of the Vladimir province (information from 1893), young people rode Maslenitsa from the mountain on benches and beeches - low straw baskets specially frozen. In many Russian villages of the Tver province, only children-boys rode all winter from the natural mountains.
In spring and summer there were different games with a ball. One example of such a game was lapta. VG Grigoriev writes that without this truly folk game it is difficult to imagine the life of boys and girls of the post-war period and of many older generations. The mention of this game is already in the ancient Russian chronicles. And among the items found during the excavations of ancient Novgorod, there are many balls and the lapta itself (stick-bat), which gave the name to the game. This means that this game has been living among the people for more than a thousand years!
The poet Valentin Berestov recalls in his poem Lapta:
Oh, joy of life, child's play! Century do not leave the neighbor's yard. My mother followed me. But even my mother In the bast shoes happened to play with us. What is she, the giantess, to do here? They will hit her with the ball first. To throw - they threw, but they didn’t hit ... And they both waited a long time for dinner.
The famous Russian writer A. I. Kuprin very aptly spoke about the significance of the lapta. He noted that this folk game is one of the most interesting and useful games... In bast shoes you need: resourcefulness, resourcefulness, deep breathing, loyalty to your party (team), attentiveness, fast running, a sharp eye, the hardness of a HAND strike and eternal confidence that you will not be defeated.
One of the most fascinating children's folk outdoor games with a ball that lives to this day is a shtander. This game is very old, it was played in the last century. They played it on the street, in the open air, boys and girls played together, age did not matter.
In the common people, most often the balls for this game were made from rags and they were stuffed with rags. In the northern provinces, balls were woven from bast - straps made from the bark of linden, birch or willow. Inside, such balls were empty and stuffed with sand. In some areas, balls were made from sheep's wool. A tuft of wool was first rolled up, they tried to give it round shape. When the lump rolled well, they threw it into boiling water and left it there for half an hour. Then they took it out of the water, rolled it again and dried it. Such a ball was light and soft, and its elasticity was not inferior to rubber.
At evening parties, at festivities, such games were played as: “I walked on the grass”, “Hare”, “Turnip”, “Radish”, “Vodyanoy”, “Grandfather Mazay” and others. In such games, starting from Fomin Sunday until Peter's Day, everyone joyfully participated, from young to old. It was a true school of folk play: a synthesis of dexterous and strong movement, dramatic role-playing, and singing. And latently a lot of information was given that, for example, a radish should be sown, weeded, followed by seedlings, and then, as it grows, tear “from the end, but not to tear from the root”, so as not to damage it.
Children's folk outdoor games reflected not only ritual traditions, they carried not only echoes religious beliefs and also showed the social life of various segments of the population.
The wonderful games “Colors”, “In Pots” are a role-playing imitation of buying and selling at a fair, in a trading shop, where a dialogue between a buyer and a seller unfolds, and the final game, as a rule, is a run.
But the favorite children's game "I was born a gardener" opens up a completely different life. She has love. She, apparently, came from the city no earlier than in the 18th century, when the fashion for gallantry, a completely different type of ritualism of “secular” relations, went from the Petrovsky assemblies. But these games also came in handy for the children, as they are built on the principles they love: dialogism and dynamics, the comic nature of imaginary situations, the need for a quick and correct reaction.
A polyphonic, cheerful life reminds of itself with the cries of sellers, for example, in the game "Edible-inedible".
Another game borrowed from adults and that has come down to our times is the game "Shackles" ("Forged Chains"). It is assumed that this game is an echo of the ritual of choosing a bride or showing the desire of Russian people for freedom:
forged chains,
Unleash us.
Which of you?
Light (Tanya, etc.).
G. Vinogradov refers this game to the group of robbery and theft games. Cases of robbery and theft were bound to give rise to a group of punishment games. But usually these are games reborn.
We see a reflection of the daily working life of peasants in such games as "Fishing Rod" and "Fishermen and Fish". Russian villages usually stood along the banks of rivers and streams, lakes, so every self-respecting boy had fishing rods. The children watched with interest the fishing with large seine nets. So how could they not come up with a game where you can fish with a fishing rod or nets?
Children's imagination is limitless. From generation to generation, from older to younger, outdoor games were passed on and thus have come down to our days. But besides this, each generation of children came up with their own outdoor games, which could be defined as a modern children's game. game folklore, for example, a game of "Rubber band", "Banks", etc.
Target:
Formation in children of 6-7 years of interest in the history and culture of the Russian people, through folk games.
Tasks:
To enrich the knowledge of preschoolers about Russian folk games.
To develop the motor skills of preschoolers, the ability to respond in a game situation.
To form cognitive interests in the culture of the Russian people, traditions.
Raise interest in Russian folk games and respect for the culture of their people.
ANALYTICAL STAGE
(Expected results)
Formation of children's interest in the history and culture of the Russian people through folk games.
Development of a system of classes
Preview:
MDOU "Kindergarten No. 9" Rainbow "
Pedagogical
project
"Folk children's outdoor games"
Prepared by the teacher
senior group:
Kozlova O.G. -
Educator 1 sq.
Balabanovo, 2017
Relevance of the project topic
From time immemorial, children have shown and consolidated the activities that accompanied them in the family circle in games. It was through the game that children got acquainted with the basic techniques of a particular craft, craft: shoemaking, weaving, beekeeping, hunting, fishing ...
National games contribute to the transfer to the younger generation from the older one of the invaluable positive experience accumulated by the ancestors regarding the rational management of the economy, life in harmony with nature.
Plunging into the historical past of the Russian people, one can single out a number of games and entertainments that our great-grandparents played and that our children can play now. Outdoor games are simple in content, do not require complex attributes (wooden stick, ball, rope, scarf, etc.).
Project participants
Children of the senior group, parents and teachers of the group, music director.
Objective of the project
To create conditions for the formation in children of elementary ideas about the culture and traditions of the Russian people through an outdoor game.
Project objectives
1. Formation in children of a holistic attitude to the national culture, traditions and games of the Russian people; to help strengthen family ties, through interest in the content of the project topic, not only for children, but also for their parents.
2. Formation of ideas about the diversity of folk games; to teach to use folk games in independent activities, to act according to the rules; broaden the horizons of children.
3. Promotion of development creativity children, the desire to learn more about their native land.
4. To introduce children to the folk games of children from neighboring countries
Project implementation period: April-May
Predicted result
Children develop knowledge about the traditions of the people in which they live; children learn to use national games in free activities; a connection between generations is established in the family, as parents, grandparents share memories of their childhood, parents are involved in joint games with children.
The professional level of teachers and the degree of their involvement in activities are increasing; deepening knowledge of the traditions and culture of the people.
The educational level of parents increases through their introduction to the fascinating world of folk games; a system of productive interaction is developing between the participants in the educational process (children involve their parents in the project, communicate with each other and with the teacher).
Stages of project implementation
Stages | Tasks | the date |
|
Preparatory | Bring the children to the topic of the project |
Objectives: To expand children's understanding of the historical and cultural past of our ancestors.
Purpose: to awaken in parents interest in the topic of folk games; encourage children to play together
| 1.10 2.10 3.10 6.10 1-10.10 6.10 6.10 |
I stage Organizational | Optimization of all sections of the program to consolidate knowledge about the traditions and culture of the Russian people; to acquaint parents with the goals and objectives of the project implemented in the group, explain its importance and necessity |
Objectives of consultation for parents: increasing the educational level of parents | October November 6-10.10 6-10.10 |
II stage Practical | Formation of elementary knowledge and ideas about the games of the native people and their diversity. Continue to teach children to use folk outdoor games in free activities. |
| 7.10 From 7.10 From 21.10 From 7.10 From 21.10 From 5.11 |
III stage. Final | Generalization of work experience on the topic "Folk children's outdoor games". |
| 11-25.11 |
Evaluation of project results
The results of a survey of families on the topic "Folk children's outdoor games":
in all the families that took part in the survey, parents walk with their children, provide them with the opportunity to play outdoor games and develop physically, but at the same time, most parents do not play with their children and could not answer how important outdoor games are for physical development and health children. Most parents know what folk outdoor games are and are familiar with them, but at the same time, children do not know what folk games are. This suggests that the connection between generations is weakly traced in families, education in the historical, cultural and patriotic direction is not carried out. Based on the results of the survey, it was decided to acquaint parents with information about the importance and necessity of joint outdoor games with children, their importance for improving the health of children and strengthening ties within the family, both between parents and children, and between parents. To draw the attention of parents to the relationship of generations in the historical, cultural and patriotic direction. For this purpose, consultations were held for parents “We play outdoor games - we strengthen health”, “Russian folk outdoor games”, individual conversations with parents, and parents were also asked to bring photos of moments of joint games with children in order to attract parents to joint games with children.
From the results of a survey of children, it can be concluded that children know the names of games, their rules, and can organize games in independent activities. During the project, the children learned to distinguish outdoor games from other types of games, and the children were also able to get acquainted with the concept of folk games, it turned out that children are familiar with folk games, and they love to play them, but so far they can hardly distinguish folk games from other outdoor games. With three children, parents began to spend their free time not in front of the TV, but in the game, and this is still not a big, but still an achievement.
Upon completion of the work on the project, the teachers of the group improved their professional competence in project activities; deepened knowledge about the traditions and culture of their native land, strengthened ties with the families of children.
Summing up the results of the project, it was decided by all its participants to continue studying folk games, to use them in joint games, both in families and during their stay in kindergarten.
Application
Questionnaire for parents on the topic "Folk children's outdoor games"
Dear parents! We ask you to answer the proposed questions. Thank you in advance for your participation!
- How often do you go for walks on weekends?__________________
- Going for a walk with your child, you go ...
a) into the forest
b) in the yard
c) To the store
d) on a sports playground
- What kind of games does your child prefer?
a) Outdoor games
b) Board games
c) role-playing games
d) Others (What?) _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
- Which sports equipment do you have at home?______________
____________________________________________________________
- What outdoor games did you play as a child? ___________________
_____________________________________________________________
- How do you understand what folk games are?____________________
- List what folk games you know ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
- How often do you and your child play outdoor games? ______
- What do you think, what is the importance of outdoor games for the physical development and health of children?
Questions for children on the topic "Folk children's outdoor games"
- Do you like to play?
Russian folk outdoor games
Description of games
"Aram-shim-shim"
The driver stands in the center of the circle with his eyes closed and his hand extended forward. All the players run in a circle with the words: Aram-shim-shim, Aram-shim-shim, Aramiya-Dulsia, Show me. At the last words, the circle stops, and the players look at whom the driver's hand points to. The one whom the driver pointed to enters the circle and stands back to back with the driver. Everyone says in chorus: "One, two, three." On the count of three, those in the center turn their heads at the same time. If they turned their heads in one direction, then they are doing some kind of task for the guys - they sing, dance, read, etc. After that, the first driver leaves, and the second takes his place. If they turned their heads in different directions, then no task is given to them, the first driver leaves, and the second starts the game from the beginning. When older guys play this game, they sometimes introduce such a rule. If there is a boy and a girl in the center, and they turn their heads in one direction, then they should kiss. If there are two boys or two girls in the center, then they shake hands.
The game "You roll, merry tambourine!"
Everyone stands in a big circle. The presenter pronounces the words: You roll, cheerful tambourine, quickly, quickly on your hands. Whoever has a merry tambourine, that one now ... / task / etc.
Burn, burn bright. (2)
Children line up in pairs. The driver gets ahead. He is not allowed to look back. Everyone sings:
Burn, burn bright
To not go out.
Look at the sky
The birds are flying, the bells are ringing!
When the song ends, the children in the last pair separate and run around those in pairs (one on the left, the other on the right). They try to grab hands in front. The driver, in turn, tries to catch whoever is running. The one who is caught becomes the driver in the first pair, and the one who is left without a pair becomes the new driver. If a pair of runners manages to connect before the driver has time to catch anyone, then this pair gets ahead, the game continues with the previous driver.
Ringlet.
The host takes the ring in his hands. All other participants sit on a bench, fold their hands like a boat and put them on their knees. The host goes around the children and puts his palms in each of his hands, while he says:
I'm walking along the mountain, I'm carrying a ring! Guess guys where the gold fell?
To one of the players, the host imperceptibly puts a ring in his hands. Then he moves a few steps away from the shop and sings the words:
Ring, ring,
Get out on the porch!
Who will come down from the porch
He will find the ring!
The task of the player who has the ring in his hands is to jump off the bench and run away, and the children sitting next to him must guess who has it hidden, and try to hold this player with his hands. If the player with the ring fails to escape, he returns the ring to the leader. And if he manages to escape, he becomes the new leader and continues the game.
Woodpecker.
The players choose a participant representing a woodpecker. The rest of the players approach the tree with the woodpecker and sing:
A woodpecker walks on arable land,
Looking for a grain of wheat
I didn’t find it and hammer bitches
There is a knock in the forest.
Knock-Knock!
After that, the woodpecker takes a stick and, counting to himself, knocks on the wood the planned number of times. Which of the players will be the first to correctly name the number and run around the tree so many times becomes a new woodpecker and the game is repeated.
Pickups.
One of the players picks up the ball and sings:
Olya, Kolya, green oak
White lily of the valley, gray bunny
Drop it!
With the word "Drop it!" throws the ball up hard. Which of the players is the first to pick it up on the fly, he sings the same game refrain and throws the ball up.
dodgeball
2 lines are drawn on the site at a distance of 5-7 meters from each other. Two are chosen bouncer , the rest of the players gather in the center between the two lines. The bouncers stand behind the lines and throw the ball towards each other, while trying to hit the players. A ball that has flown past the players is caught by a second bouncer, and the players turn around and hastily run back. It's the second bouncer's turn to throw.
Organized joint activities with kids
What clothes did you wear before?
Objectives: the formation of children's ideas about appearance our ancestors living on the territory of the Bryansk region and its connection with the life of people; the formation of initial skills of analysis and comparison on the example of comparing the clothes of the Russian and other peoples; enrichment of the lexical stock "paneva", "veil", "ubrus"
Equipment: musical arrangement (Russian folk songs); an album with illustrations of clothes from different times and peoples; ball; Lidia Iovleva "Artists in the Tretyakov Gallery. Viktor Vasnetsov. Shamrock, 2002; Galina Churak "Artists in the Tretyakov Gallery. Vasily Surikov. Shamrock, 2002; Galina Churak "Artists in the Tretyakov Gallery. Ilya Repin. Shamrock, 2002; James Patterson "What clothes did they wear before"; Russian traditional costume. Complex with paneva "didactic material, lotto game
Activity progress:
1.
I suggest looking at me: "I am a woman, my name is Lyubov Vladimirovna. Every person on Earth is either a man or a woman, and children are a boy or a girl."
Attention game
I will throw you a ball, and you, having caught it, will answer who you are and what is your name.
A conversation about elementary gender differences
Now let's talk about how outwardly girls differ from boys and vice versa.
What do you think looks are? What does it consist of? (children's answers)
So: appearance is the external appearance of a person, that is, what we see.
Repeat (repeat together)
Let's compare two children - a boy and a girl (compare clothes, height, shoes, hair length, physique and more)
Examination of illustrations for books: Lidia Iovleva “Artists in the Tretyakov Gallery. Viktor Vasnetsov. Shamrock, 2002; Galina Churak "Artists in the Tretyakov Gallery. Vasily Surikov. Shamrock, 2002; Galina Churak "Artists in the Tretyakov Gallery. Ilya Repin. Shamrock, 2002; James Patterson "What clothes did you wear before"
2. Acquaintance of children with women's clothing in the Central regions of Russia at the end of the 19th century.
Enable Russian folk songs (immersion)
Close your eyes and imagine that you live in Ancient Russia. Are standing around you old huts, you are playing on a green lawn. You are wearing Slavic clothes: the girls have long sundresses, different colors, ribbons in pigtails and wide trousers with blouses for boys, everyone has bast shoes on their feet ...
See what's going on around you? Represented?
While the children's eyes are closed, the teacher hangs out a suit with paneva.
Now open your eyes. Your great-great-great-grandmothers wore such clothes.
Children approach, examine, touch the costume, the teacher answers the questions of the children, introduces them to the concepts: paneva, veil, ubrus.
3. Outcome: Didactic game “Russian national costume. Complex with panel»
Organized joint activities
"Toys of our grandmothers"
Objectives: the formation of children's ideas about folk toys; the formation of patriotic personality traits and pride in belonging to one's own people; continue pedagogical activities to educate children in national identity and respect for other nations
Equipment: straw toys, rag toys, amulet dolls, clay toys, nesting dolls, a photo album with a description of "Matryoshka", Itta Ryumina "Dolls of our grandmothers", Malysh Publishing House, Moscow, 1989
The activity is carried out by means of the teacher's story to the children while simultaneously examining the toys corresponding to the moment of the story.
Straw toys.
A bundle of straw tied with a tourniquet has served as the basis for traditional peasant toys since ancient times. In all likelihood, the first straw toys were born, as it were, right in the field during the season, when peasant women were often forced to take small children with them. Of course, left unattended, they were capricious. And, perhaps, somehow, in order to appease the child, the peasant woman made a primitive doll from the first thing that fell into her hands - from a straw bundle (svyazla) used for bandaging sheaves. The tourniquet folded in half remotely resembled a head, and the straws fanned out below - a dress or sundress. Then the figure of the doll began to gradually become more complicated. They inserted a bundle of straw perpendicular to the body, tying it in the middle and along the edges in the same way as sheaves are tied with svyas.
In the future, the design of the straw doll began to be improved. In the manufacture of such dolls, not only the usual ability to knit sheaves was required, but also skillful possession of weaving techniques, an innate artistic taste, and ingenuity. Gradually, talented craftswomen stood out, who were no longer in the field, but in a calm home environment, began to make dolls, figures of horses, deer, as well as all kinds of fantastic animals. Even in pre-Christian times, decorations in the form of pendants with images of a horse were widespread. Pendants served as amulets protecting a person when he was far from home, while the house of a Slav with all his household members was also guarded by a horse - the messenger of the sun. Therefore, the image of the horse had magical meaning, served as a talisman of a person and his home.
Guardian dolls.
The first dolls in Russia were amulet dolls. The Slavs believed that they were able to protect people from diseases and evil forces, so amulet dolls stood in the most prominent place in every home. But the amulet dolls did not become a national toy, but they transferred some of their features to the rag doll.
Rag toys.
A traditional toy in the life of the Russian village, even in the poorest peasant families, has long been a rag doll. In other houses, up to a hundred of them accumulated, since the doll was also considered a symbol of procreation.
Cloth doll - the simplest image of a female figure. A piece of cloth rolled into a "rolling pin", a face carefully covered with linen white rag, breasts made of even, tightly stuffed balls, a hair braid with a ribbon woven into it, and an outfit of colorful rags. They either did not draw their faces at all, or put dots instead of eyes and mouths. The mother had to make the first doll for the girl, and at the age of 7-8, the girls themselves began to make dolls for their younger brothers and sisters.
From the age of 7-8, children began to help their parents around the house and in the field, but they did not part with the dolls, they took them everywhere with them. Especially elegant dolls could pass from generation to generation, passing from mother to daughter. Dolls were not only girlish fun. All the children played until they were 7-8 years old, while they were wearing shirts. But only boys began to wear ports, and girls began to wear skirts, their playing roles and the games themselves were strictly separated.
A house without toys was considered unspiritual. There is such a sign: when children play a lot and diligently, there will be profit in the family, if toys are carelessly handled, there will be trouble in the house. A child without a toy grows up empty and cruel.
They believed that toys bring a good harvest, especially if adult girls play with them.
They believed that toys were guarded children's sleep(still up to now ancient custom Children are put to bed with their favorite toy.
Clay toys.
Clay figurines were sculpted before the invention potter's wheel. Initially, they served as talismans capable of appeasing the spirits that help a person. Children liked small painted figurines made of baked clay and eventually turned into a folk craft. Different toys were made in each locality: some were characterized by painting bright colors, others remained almost unpainted, the third were whistles, and the fourth were rattles. The most famous clay toys are Dymkovo, Filimonovo, Karkopol and Khludnev.
Matryoshka.
According to a long tradition, popular toys are legendary. In this regard, matryoshka is no exception. They say that at the end of the 19th century, someone brought a Japanese chiseled figurine of the Buddhist saint Fukuruji to the Mamontov family - famous Russian industrialists and patrons of art - either from Paris or from the island of Honshu, which turned out to be with a "surprise" - it broke into two parts. Inside it was hidden another, smaller one, which also consisted of two halves... There were five such pupae in total.
It was assumed that this was what prompted the creation of our nesting dolls by Russian masters. Matryoshka - on behalf of Matryona.
Conclusion:
In ancient Russia, there were not very many varieties of children's toys. They were made from what was at hand. But it is no coincidence that man embodied the forces of the elements in the most familiar and close to him images of living beings, interpreting them in a different way: the great goddess of fertility became a mistress, a maiden; bird - duck, chicken, goose; a horse is a workhorse, pulling a cart or carrying a gentleman. The bear, also a participant in ancient rites, is a funny, good-natured clubfoot animal from a folk tale. Time has changed the conditions of the surrounding life, new plots penetrated into the work of folk masters, but these images still appear in the toy of any craft to this day.
Most likely, in ancient times, both play and cult significance were closely intertwined with each other, and then religious rites were forgotten, and the toy remained only an object of entertainment.
For this purpose, consultations were held for parents “We play outdoor games - we strengthen health”, “Russian folk outdoor games”, individual conversations with parents, and parents were also asked to bring photos of moments of joint games with children.
At the beginning of the project and at the end, a survey of children was conducted on the topic of outdoor games.
Questions for interviews with children
26 children of the group took part in the survey
Questions | Project start | End of the project |
Do you like to play? | 26 yes | 26 yes |
What games do you like to play? | 6 children were able to define outdoor games as they understand it 20 children found it difficult to answer | 16 children defined outdoor games in their own words 10 children found it difficult to answer |
Do you know what folk games are? | What are folk games children could not answer | 6 children were able to define folk games |
What folk outdoor games do you know? | All children listed familiar games, not distinguishing them by mobility and inactivity. | 13 children were able to list the names of outdoor games. |
Which of them do you like to play? | 17 children listed the names of outdoor games 9 children were called sedentary, board, role-playing games | The result is the same |
Who do you like to play outdoor games with? | 18 children - with friends and comrades 8 children - with parents | 15 children - with friends and comrades 11 children - with parents |
Conclusion: From the results of a survey of children, it can be concluded that children know the names of games, their rules, and can organize games in independent activities. During the project, the children learned to distinguish outdoor games from other types of games, and the children were also able to get acquainted with the concept of folk games, it turned out that children are familiar with folk games, and they love to play them, but so far they can hardly distinguish folk games from other outdoor games. With three children, parents began to spend their free time not in front of the TV, but in the game, and this is still not a big, but still an achievement.
Since ancient times, the Russian people have been famous not only for their unique and extremely interesting culture, but also for exciting games for both children and adults. However, time, warriors and the influence of European neighbors gradually overshadowed the old Russian games. Now they are beginning to revive and do not cease to amaze with their liveliness, original ideas and tasks filled with noisy fun.
Having learned the simple rules of Russian folk games, you can immerse yourself not only in the exciting world of childhood, but also understand how our ancestors lived and rested.
Russian folk games and their rules
Spillikins
This game has been known since ancient times, however, very few people know its rules now. The point is that from 60 to 100 sticks 10 cm long are taken. They are placed in a bag, and then poured onto a flat surface. The sticks, getting enough sleep, fall randomly and the task of the game is that everyone takes turns removing one spillikin, trying not to disturb those that are nearby. The winner is the one who, after parsing the entire pile, has the most collected "trophies". To make the game even more interesting, you can make sticks in the form of a spatula, spear or spoon. For such spillikins more points are awarded.
Golden Gate
This game is very dynamic and is designed not so much for the dexterity of its participants, but for their luck. The rules of the "Golden Gate" are as follows: two players stand opposite each other and join their hands in such a way that a gate is obtained. The rest of the participants hold hands and take turns passing through them. At the same time, the players who make up the gate sing:
Golden Gate
They don't always miss!
Saying goodbye for the first time
The second time is forbidden
And for the third time
We won't miss you!
After the song ends, they lower their hand, and those players who are caught also become gates. Thus, the chain of participants gradually decreases. The game ends the moment everyone becomes a "gate".
Catch a fish
To win this game you need to have a good reaction and speed. The meaning of this fun is that the participants form a circle, in the center of which stands "water" with a rope and rotates it around the floor around its axis. The task of the participants is to jump over the rope. The game that catches on to it is out of the game.
hot seat
This game is perfect for those who like to play catch-up. Its meaning lies in the fact that in the center of the site a place is indicated that will be called hot. "Water" should try to catch the participants seeking to get to this place. The one who is caught helps the "water". If the player manages to reach the "hot spot", he can rest there as long as he wants, however, having gone beyond it, he will again have to run away from the "water". The game continues until all players are caught.
Elephant
This game allows you to test the strength and endurance, so the boys love it the most. The meaning of the game is that the participants are divided into two equal teams. After that, one of them will be an "elephant", and the other will jump on it. A member of the first team approaches the wall and bends down, resting his hands on it. The next one comes up from behind and wraps his arms around his waist, bowing his head. The rest of the players do the same. It turns out "elephant". The first member of the other team runs up and tries to jump on the “elephant” in such a way that there is room for other team members. After the whole team is on the back of the "elephant", in order to win, it must hold out for 10 seconds. After that, the teams can switch places.
Paints
It is very mobile and fun game. According to its rules, you need to choose two participants: "monk" and "seller". The other players stand in a line, and the seller tells them in a whisper any color. After that, the following dialogue occurs:
A monk walks into a paint shop and says to the clerk:
I'm a monk in blue pants, I came for paint. - For what?
The monk names colors (for example, red). If there is no such color, the seller replies:
There is no such! Jump along the red carpet, on one leg, you will find boots, wear them, but bring them back!
At the same time, the monk is given a task: to walk like a duck or jump on one leg. If there is such a color, then the seller replies:
There is one! - What is the price? - Five rubles
After that, the monk claps the seller's hand five times.) As soon as the last clap sounded, the “paint” participant jumps up and runs around the line. If the monk catches up with him, then he himself becomes a “paint”, and the one who was caught takes his place.
Swan geese
This fun is for those who love active games. Its meaning is that two wolves and one leader are selected from all participants. All the rest become geese. The leader needs to be on one side of the site, and the swans on the other. Wolves stand at a distance "in ambush". The leader says the following words:
Geese-swans, home!
Run, fly home, there are wolves behind the mountain!
What do wolves need?
Pinch gray geese and gnaw bones!
When the song ends, the geese must run to the leader and try not to be caught by the wolves. Those who are caught are out of the game, and the rest are returned back. The game ends when the last goose is caught.
Turnip
The name of this game comes from the old Russian fairy tale "Turnip", so its meaning is somewhat similar to this work. It is perfect for developing reaction and coordination of movements.
The rules of the game are as follows: all participants stand in a circle and begin to dance. In its center is a “turnip” child, and behind the circle is a “mouse”. All players during the round dance sing the following song:
“Grow re-pon-ka!
Grow cre-pon-ka!
Neither small nor great
To the mouse tail!
While the song is playing, the turnip gradually “grows”, that is, it rises. After the end of the song, the mouse should try to get into the circle and catch the turnip. The rest of the participants can either interfere with her or help her. After the mouse catches the turnip, new players are selected.
There is another variation of this game.
Players stand one after another and wrap their arms around the waist of the previous participant. The first player must hold on tightly to the trunk of the tree. The game begins when the "grandfather" tries to unhook the extreme participant from the rest of the team and so on until the "turnip" is completely "stretched out".
Salki
This is one of the most common variations of a mobile and physically developing game. Its participants disperse around the site, close their eyes, while holding their hands behind their backs. The leader puts an object in one of the players' hands at the expense of “one, two, three”, everyone opens their eyes. The hands of the participants remain behind their backs. Then the player who has the item says: "I'm a tag." The rest of the participants must run away from him, jumping on one leg. The one who is touched by the "trail" becomes "water" himself. An important condition is that the "trail" must also jump on one leg.
Kick on the rope
This simple game will help develop reaction speed and have fun. Its meaning lies in the fact that a dense rope is taken, which is tied into a ring. All players stand outside and take it with one hand. In the center of the ring stands "water". He must have time to "salt" one of the players, who then takes his place.
Cossack robbers
This is an old Russian fun, the rules of which are known by heart by our parents, grandparents. Its meaning lies in the fact that all participants are divided into two teams "Cossacks" and "robbers". The Cossacks choose a place for themselves in which they will equip the "dungeon" and choose a watchman. The robbers at this time scatter and hide, leaving arrows and other clues in their path. The Cossacks must find each robber and bring them to the dungeon. With each player caught, a watchman remains, however, other robbers can help a teammate and, after grabbing the watchman, free the prisoner. The game ends when all the robbers are caught.
The robbers, so that they could not be found for as long as possible, first run away all together, and then split up.
According to one version of this game, the robbers think of a secret password, and the Cossacks must find it out. Therefore, the game continues even after the capture of all the robbers, until the password is found out.
"Eat Quietly"
This noisy and fun game requires not only skill, but also resourcefulness. Before starting, you need to draw two lines on the ground at a distance of 5 meters from each other. In front of one of the lines is "water", in front of the other - the rest of the players. The task of the participants is to run to the "water". Whoever does this first takes his place. The difficulty lies in the fact that the “water” periodically says: “You go quieter - you will continue. Freeze! After this phrase, all players should freeze, and the leader's goal is to try to make each of the participants laugh without touching him. You can make faces, look intently into the eyes, tell funny stories. If one of the players laughed or smiled, he returns back to the line.
bear cub
This is a very moving and fun game. First you need to draw two circles on the ground. In one of them there will be a "lair" with a "bear cub", and in the other - a house for the rest of the participants. The players leave the “house” and sing: “I take mushrooms, berries. But the bear does not sleep and growls at us. After they have finished singing, the bear cub runs out of its lair with a growl and tries to catch up with the rest of the players. The one who is caught becomes a bear cub himself.
Burners
This game was very popular in the old days. She develops attention and speed very well. Its meaning lies in the fact that players in the amount of 11 people choose water, and then break into pairs and form a column. "Water" stands with his back to the participants and does not look back. A line is drawn in front of him twenty meters away.
The members sing the following song:
"Burn, burn clearly,
To not go out.
Look at the sky
The birds are flying
The bells are ringing!"
After its completion, the last pair separates their hands and runs on opposite sides of the column to the "water". Having caught up with him, they shout: “One, two, do not crow, run like fire!”. After that, the "water" starts chasing this couple and must "fat" one of them before they reach the line and join hands. If he succeeded, then he becomes paired with the remaining participant, and the one who was caught up performs the duties of "water". If it was not possible to catch up, then the couple becomes the head of the column, and the “water” continues to “burn”.
This game is different in that it can be played for a very long time until the participants get tired.
People invented old Russian games with care for their children, with the idea that they would not only have fun and energetic time, but also learn to communicate with each other, learn the value of friendship and know what honesty and mutual assistance are. There is nothing better than fun fresh air, which help not only to get out of the familiar stuffiness of closed rooms, but also to find true friends, see the world in all its bewitching colors, and also give freedom to your own imagination.
Modern children also consider old games that we, modern adults, played with pleasure in our childhood. These are "Ring", "The Sea is worried", "Bouncers", "Classics", "Elastic band" and others.
