Russian language lesson in 6th grade.
Teacher: Egorova
Albina Vsevolodovna,
Teacher of Russian language
And literature from MBOU
"Secondary school No. 24" Cheboksary
Topic: “Connecting vowels O-E in compound words»
Target:
- repeat the basic ways of forming words;
- introduce the method of forming words from the stems of original words using connecting vowels;
- teach how to choose connectors vowels o-e in complex words;
- to cultivate interest in words, to show the visual possibilities of word formation.
During the classes
1. Repetition of ways of forming words already known to students
Give a coherent answer to the question: “What are the main ways of forming words in the Russian language do you know?” Illustrate your answer with examples."
Guys, I want to give you a statement from the famous children's writer K.I. Chukovsky:
“Prefixes give Russian speech so many rich shades. The wonderful expressiveness of speech largely depends on them. In the variety of prefixes lies a variety of meaning.” Do you agree with him? Try to prove Chukovsky’s point of view with examples.
Indeed, a prefix can change the meaning of even obviously similar words beyond recognition. For example: contribution, tray, transfer, denunciation, wear, removal, etc.
Form a new word from these words using these prefixes and suffixes. Write down the words and sort them according to their composition:
Source word | Console | suffix |
Drive | Once- | Xia |
Law | ||
Pair | On the- | Nick |
Gnaw | OK |
|
Border | By- | Nick |
Secret | ||
River | Behind- |
2. Setting the goal of the lesson:
Working with a table:
Look at the table carefully. What do you think will be discussed in class today? How would you phrase the problem we will be working on today? Determine the objectives of today's lesson.
(The teacher summarizes the children’s answers)
3. Explanation of a new topic
What is special about the words included in the table? (They all have 2 roots)
What vowels are used to connect them? What do you think determines the choice of the vowel –o and –e?
What can you say about the words presented in the third column? Why are they separate?
What would you write on the first line of the table?
Complete the table with your own examples.
Conclusion : Connecting vowel -O is written after hard consonants. Consonants do not follow the rule–zh,-sh,-ts , after which a connecting vowel is written-e.
After the base on a soft consonant, after sibilants and–ts the connecting vowel is written - e.
4.Training exercises
Creative dictation
Replace the phrases with one complex word, underline the consonant on which the choice of connecting vowel depends.
Help mutually (mutual aid)
Love work (hard work)
People of the same surname (namesakes)
One who walks (pedestrian)
One who makes steel (steelmaker)
Logging (logging)
Device for catching mice (mouse trap)
Treatment with mud (mud therapy)
Beetle that eats bark (bark beetle)
The one who swims in the sea (navigator)
5. “Guess the riddle”
Guys, we will continue the vocabulary dictation, only you must write down the words yourself. Write down the word that is the answer to the riddle.
1. I’ll purr, I’ll scream, I’ll fly into the sky (helicopter, plane).
2. It drinks with its tail and gives away with its beak (water supply).
3. It has a rubber trunk, a canvas stomach, and when its motor hums, it swallows both dust and litter (vacuum cleaner).
4. I’ve had a hedgehog living in my room for years.
If you smear the floor with wax, it will rub it to a shine (electric polisher).
5. There is a hole on top, a hole on the bottom, and in the middle there is fire and a hole (samovar).
6. A miracle janitor in front of us, with his raking hands, raked up a huge snowdrift (snow blower) in one minute.
7. A fable bird is flying, and people are sitting inside, talking to each other (airplane).
8. Whatever this eye looks at, it will convey everything in the picture (camera).
"Find yourself a mate"
- Guys, now we are going to play. Each of you will receive a piece of paper on which one or another word is written. Your task is to find a partner and create a complex word using a connecting vowel.
(The table shows an approximate group of words that are given to children)
Water | ABOUT | Fall |
Thunder | Withdraw |
|
Earth | measure |
|
Ship | Crash |
|
edge | Know |
|
Ice | prick |
|
Forest | chop |
|
Oil | The wire |
|
Fire | Stew |
|
On foot | Walk |
|
Bird | Farm |
|
Fish | Catch |
5. Visual possibilities of word formation
Writers often use well-known word-formation methods to create their own; they are called author's words. For example, famous writer Saltykov-Shchedrin, whom you know from his fairy tales, creates the accusatory words necessary for a satirical depiction of his contemporary society: nonsense brethren, hedgehog sense, foam skimmers, etc.
Modern writers actively use the possibilities of word formation. Let's read Matusovsky's poem, in which the poet forms new words similar to the word forbs (flowering meadows).
Who else could compete?
With this forest greenery?
Summer all your riches
Scatters in front of me.
To note
We haven't been able to yet
Forbs, variety of colors,
The diversity of forests throughout the Earth.
We will never get bored
Never get tired of it
Variety, variety of sounds,
The diversity of these places.
Young birch trees in the neighborhood
Lonely elms are sad
I take it straight to heart
I'm afraid to drop something.
Mint, porridge, lungwort
Here they crowd together in the meadow.
It's time for us to part,
No way I can.
Having become older, no matter how old I am,
I feel more and more
Varieties, variety of fruits,
Various birds of summer days.
Write out complex words from the text, distributing them into two columns. What groups will you divide them into?
What visual and expressive means does the poet use to create the image of a summer day?
6.Reflection
What new way of forming words have we met today?
What determines the choice of connecting vowel?
7. Explanation of homework
I suggest you do word creation. Come up with your own complex words on the theme “Winter”.
Difficult words. United o, e in compound words. Spelling compound words together and with a hyphen
Compound words are formed by combining two or more bases.
Components of compound words can be connected to each other by coordinating or subordinating connection. With the coordinating method of communication, the bases from which complex words are formed are combined as equals, and between them you can put the conjunction and: prime minister, physical-mathematical.
With the contract method of communication, one basis is syntactically dependent on the second: rolled metal (rolling iron), electric welding (welding with electricity), short-term ( a short time), eloquent (to say eloquently), handwritten (to write by hand), car repair (to repair cars).
The stems of complex words can be connected using connecting vowels o, e (is) or without them. The letter o is written if the forming stem ends with a hard or hissing consonant: reinforced concrete, man-day, blue-eyed.
The letter e is written if the forming stem ends in a soft consonant: steelmaker. The connective is written after the base, ends with and or an elongated soft consonant: landscape, life-giving. If the first part of such a word is an adjective of the soft group, then before it is written ь: Old Russian.
Compound nouns can be written together or hyphenated.
Compound nouns formed together are written:
1. Of the two bases with the help of connecting vowels o, e, are: stork, farmer, chaerizka, Novopetrovka, Belopole, Krasnovodsk.
2. Without connecting vowels combination
— Verbs in imperative form and noun: hemlock, tumbleweed, Tyagnyryadno, Gulyaypole;
- Numerals (written in letters) and nouns: decades, but: 10th anniversary, Tripolye, Pyatigorsk.
Compound adjectives can be written together or hyphenated.
Compound adjectives formed from:
1) complex nouns that are written together: reinforced concrete, black earth, Novobelichi (Novobelichi), Starokonstantinovsky (Starokonstantinov)
2) phrases with a subordinating connection:
— Noun and adjective: dark-eyed (dark eyes), east (eastern Ukraine), Belaya Tserkovsky ( White church);
- Numerals (written in letters) and nouns: five-story, twenty-five volumes;
— Noun and verb: coal crusher, grain harvester;
— Adverbs and adjectives: above-mentioned, long-term;
— From several adjectives that form the terms modern Greek (language), compound, ancient German, deaf-blind and mute.
Compound adjectives are written with a hyphen:
1) formed from complex nouns that are written with a hyphen: diesel-motor, ex-champion, Pushcha-Voditsky (Pushcha-Voditsa), Ivano-Frankivsk (Ivano-Frankivsk);
2) formed from phrases with a coordinating connection: Russian-Ukrainian, resort-sanatorium, but: cunning, malicious;
3) with the first part, which ends in -iko, (-iko): physico-mathematical, chemical-technological;
4) with the first part military, military: air force, military-industrial. Exception: person liable for military service, prisoner of war;
5) which mean additional shades of quality, color: bitter-salty, dark red. Exception: orange, crimson;
6) which mean the names of the cardinal directions: southwest, northeast;
7) geographical names, which include the names of the cardinal directions: North-Western Front, South-Western Iron, but: North Crimean Canal, Western Lowland, Southern Steppe (according to general rule contractual dependence of phrases).
In complex words, letters are used as connecting vowels O And e . Compound words formed using connecting vowels O And e or the first part of which is a numeral, are written together, for example: oil and gas production, fiftieth anniversary, two-millimeter.
Connecting vowel ABOUT
After stems on a hard consonant (except and , w And ts ) the letter is written O , For example: world O opinion, free O darling.
In a few compound words, the consonant sound of the first stem is hardened, so a connecting vowel is written O , For example: fable O scribe, shelter O appeal.
Connecting vowel E
After stems on a soft consonant, on th , to a hissing sound and ts a connecting vowel is written e , For example: pestilence e swimmer, kra e leading, walking e move, birds e Vodstvo, syn e big-eyed, big e winged.
In some cases, the ending of the nominative case is retained in the first word of a compound noun, for example: pastime, pastime, timekeeping.
Note
Words on -ification (electrification, gasification, classification etc.) are not complex. They are formed using the suffix -ification , so they are written with the letter And .
Compound words with numerals
When forming complex words, cardinal numbers are used in the form genitive case, For example: heels And taphole(five years old) eleven And meter(eleven meters), fourty A minute(forty minutes).
Numerals one hundred And ninety, being part of a compound word, do not change their form, for example: century, ninetieth anniversary.
With letter O the word is written fourty O leg.
Numeral thousand, being part of a compound word, has a connecting vowel e , For example: thousand e anniversary.
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Rice. 2. Nikolay Dobronravov ()
Compound words name people by profession.
Commander- leads the regiments, the roots of the regiment-, water-,
fabulist- writes fables, roots fable-, write-,
beekeeper- breeds bees, bee roots-, water-,
plumber- conducts water, roots water-, water-, prefix pro-,
steelmaker- cooks steel, roots steel-, var-,
bird catcher- catches birds, roots of birds-, catch-, the first root ends in ts, we write e.
Listen to the text, determine how many difficult words there are.
Moscow was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow was first a wooden fortress, surrounded by a palisade made of logs. The oak walls of the Kremlin were replaced by white stone ones. It was then that Moscow received a name for all times - white stone. And also golden-domed, with golden heads, domes of temples. Chistoprudny Boulevard is one of the old streets in the center of Moscow.
Dolgoruky- long hands, roots debt-, hands-,
stockade- a fence made of tightly driven stakes, the roots are frequent, count,
white stone- built from white stone, roots white-, stone-,
golden-headed- with golden heads, roots of gold-, heads-,
Chistoprudny- clean ponds, clean roots, pond-.
This is how we compiled the transcriptions of complex words:
In place of the letters of the connecting vowels O, E, the spelling is: a letter in place of an unstressed vowel sound.
Why is the bird called that? The redstart is so named for its tail. He is red and trembles all the time. Therefore, it seems that the tail flashes with a light, as if it is burning. (see Fig.3)
Rice. 3. Redstart ()
The rudd fish is very beautiful. Her back is green, her sides have golden scales with a brown border on the sides. Eyes are orange, lips are yellow. The fish got its nickname for the color of its fins. (According to N. Osipov) (see Fig. 4)
Rice. 4. Rudd ()
A blade of grass grows, straight, strong, and at the end of it a green brush sticks up. This is what a foxtail looks like. Of course, such a tail is too small even for a fox cub, but it still looks like a tail. (see Fig.5)
Rice. 5. Foxtail ()
The water strider is the name given to an insect that runs quickly through the water, as if it wants to measure the distance. (see Fig.6)
Rice. 6. Water strider ()
A compound word consisting of two roots gory- and tail-. Similar words: burn, tail.
A compound word consisting of two roots: red- and per-. Similar words: red, feathers.
Roots fox-, tail-. Related words: fox, tail.
Roots water-, mer-. Water, measure.
In the lesson you learned that words that have two roots are called complex. Most often, roots in complex words are connected by vowel letters o or e. These letters are called connecting vowel letters. The letter o is written after hard consonants, e - after soft consonants and unpaired hard ones: zh, sh, ts. For example, couch potato, pedestrian, bird catcher.
- M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Textbook. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. 3rd grade: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks In Russian. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- T.V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in the Russian language for 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
- G.T. Dyachkova Olympic tasks in Russian. 3-4 grades. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008
- Rus.1september.ru ().
- Gramma.ru ().
- 5klass.net ().
- School-collection.edu.ru ().
- Oldskola1.narod.ru ().
- Solve spelling problems.
Steam_vozny, leaf_pad, porridge, russula, one_indigenous, dishwasher, white_manes, braided, homemade, earth_quake.
- Find complex words and show their structure.
...Dragonflies fly and dance,
The cheerful ones lead a round dance.
A. Tolstoy
People have known for a long time:
The fly agaric is inedible.
V. Zhulzhin
- Read an excerpt from the story by V. Astafiev. Find difficult words, describe their meaning and highlight the roots.
Mukhtar was the same color and appearance as Trezor, but his character was different from him. If Trezor is cunning and stupid, then his brother was hardworking, strict, angry and therefore sat on a chain. And such a life was bitter for him, free, impetuous, fleet-footed.