First cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
The youngest cosmonaut - German Titov
Sergey Korolev - the great Russian designer
Cosmonaut Gennady Padalka
Alexey Leonov, the first man to walk into outer space
Alexey Leonov
Svetlana Savitskaya
Cosmonaut Valery Polyakov
The very first cosmonaut, the youngest cosmonaut, the longest flight and the first spacewalk - these and other records in my new selection for you guys.
The first astronaut
Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin - Russian. The first person in the world to be in space. April 12, 1961, made a flight around the Earth under the guidance of the great Russian designer Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.
The youngest astronaut
The youngest astronaut in space was 25 years old. This cosmonaut was German Titov. In April 1961, he was a backup for Yuri Gagarin, and made his first flight in August of the same year.
Record for the longest time spent in space
Cosmonaut Gennady Padalka ranks first in terms of the total duration of his stay in space. For the entire time of his flights, he spent 878 days in space. The previous record holder was cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev. Its total flight time is 803 days.
Longest space flight
The longest flight into space was made by Valery Polyakov. He spent 437 days and 18 hours on board the Mir orbital station, which became an absolute record for the duration of work in space in one flight. By the way, Valery Polyakov went to the Mir space station not only as a cosmonaut-researcher, but also as a doctor.
Single woman space flight
Everyone knows that Valentina Tereshkova is the world's first woman astronaut. But besides that, she is still the only woman who made a space flight alone.
The first spacewalk
In 1965, cosmonaut Alexei Leonov performed the first ever spacewalk. Total time the first exit was 23 minutes 41 seconds, of which 12 minutes 9 seconds Alexey Leonov spent outside the Voskhod-2 spacecraft. The first spacewalk among female cosmonauts was made by Svetlana Savitskaya in 1984.
On November 19, 1996, the space shuttle Columbia embarked on its 21st flight with a crew of 4 men and 1 woman. The flight time until the moment of landing was 17 days 15 hours 53 minutes and 26 seconds.
(Longest space shuttle flight)
Alan Shepard's suborbital flight aboard Mercury-Redstone-Z was performed on May 5, 1961 and lasted 15 minutes 28 seconds.
(The shortest manned space flight)
The first person to visit space on April 12, 1961 on the Vostok-1 spacecraft was Yuri Gagarin. It landed 118 minutes after launch, ejecting 108 minutes later as planned.
(First man in space)
Valentina Tereshkova flew into space on the Vostok-6 spacecraft on June 16, 1963. She spent 2 days 22 hours 50 minutes in orbit, completing 48 orbits around the Earth and flying 1971,000 km.
(First woman in space)
Valery Polyakov spent 2 space flights, in 1988-89 and in 1994-95, 678 days 16 hours 33 minutes and 16 seconds.
(Most Experienced Space Traveler)
John Watts Young from 1965 to 1983 made 6 flights into space, having spent 34 days in orbit. Burn Musgrave from 1983 to 1996 performed 6 flights in the space shuttle, having been in space for a total of 53 days.
Most of all - 5 times - among Soviet / Russian cosmonauts, Vladimir Dzhanibekov flew into space from 1978 to 1985, and Gennady Strekalov from 1980 to 1995.
(Most flights)
Shannon Lucid flew into space the most among women - 5 times.
(Most flights)
The largest crew consisted of 8 people, launched on the Space Shuttle Challenger on October 30, 1985. Of 8 people (6 Americans and 2 Russians), there was also a crew that returned to Earth on July 7, 1995 aboard the US space shuttle Atlantis.
(Largest crew in solo flight)
On March 14, 1995, 13 people were simultaneously in outer space. This record was set by 7 Americans on board the space shuttle Endeavor, 3 cosmonauts from the CIS on board the Mir orbital station, 2 cosmonauts and 1 astronaut on board the Soyuz TM-21.
On July 31, 1992, representatives of 5 states were simultaneously working in space. On board the Mir station there are 4 cosmonauts from the CIS and 1 French, and on board the Atlantis shuttle there are 5 Americans, 1 Swiss and 1 Italian.
(Most people in space)
The maximum distance at which one astronaut was from another is 3596.4 km. On July 30 - August 1, 1971, during the lunar expedition, Alfred M. Warden operated the main module of the Apollo 15 spacecraft orbiting in circumlunar orbit, while David Scott and James Irwin were at Hadley Base and explored the lunar surface.
(The * loneliest * person)
The Apollo 13 crew, which consisted of James Lovell Jr., Fred Hayes and John Swidgert, was in aposetment, that is, at the point of greatest distance, 254 km from the lunar surface and 400,171 km from the earth's surface on April 15, 1970. at 01:21 UK Summer Time.
(The maximum height a person has climbed)
The maximum height to which the woman climbed is 600 km. This record was set by Catherine Thornton (USA) during her flight on the spacecraft Endeavor.
(The maximum height a woman climbed)
The maximum speed at which a person has ever traveled is 39,897 km / h. The Apollo 10 spacecraft, which was in command of the crew Thomas Patten Stafford, Eugene Andrew Cernan and John Watts Young, set this record on May 26, 1969, moving at a speed of 11.08 km / s.
(Maximum speed)
Of the women, Catherine Sullivan reached the highest speed (28,582 km / h). This speed was developed by the Discovery shuttle on April 29, 1990 at the final stage of the flight. Catherine Thornton may have exceeded this speed on December 13, 1993, when she completed her flight aboard the ship Endeavor.
(Record speed for a woman)
The remains of 24 space enthusiasts and discoverers, including * Star Trek * creator Gene Roddenbury, German rocket engineer Kraffte Erike and writer Timothy Leary, were launched into low-Earth orbit on April 21, 1997 by the Pegasus launch vehicle. The ashes of these people are placed in capsules the size of a lipstick case. It will be in orbit for 1.5 to 10 years.
(First space funeral)
Alexey Leonov, working on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft, was the first to go into outer space on March 18, 1965.
(First spacewalks)
The first woman to walk into outer space was Svetlana Savitskaya. This happened on July 25, 1984 on the Soyuz T-12-Salyut-7 orbital complex.
(First woman to walk into outer space)
The maximum number of spacewalks - 10 - was performed by the Russian cosmonaut Alexander Serebrov during two expeditions, 1990 and 1993.
(Maximum number of spacewalks)
The longest spacewalk was undertaken on May 13, 1992 by Endeavor crew members Pierre Thuot, Rick Hyb and Tom Akers. They were outside the ship for 8 hours and 29 minutes.
(The longest spacewalks)
On April 12, 1961, an account of mankind's space records was opened - the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. However, in the 55 years that have passed since that momentous day, thousands of discoveries have been made in the space sphere and more than a dozen records have been set. We present to your attention the most significant of them.
Yuri Gagarin
Oldest person in space
American John Glenn is the oldest person to fly into space. At the time of his flight on the spacecraft "Discovery" in October 1998, he had already turned 77 years old. In addition, Glenn, who, among other things, is the first American astronaut to complete an orbital space flight (the third person in the world after Yuri Gagarin and German Titov), holds another record. Its first flight into Earth orbit took place on February 20, 1962, thus, between the first and second flight of the astronaut 36 years 8 months passed, this record has not been broken so far.
John Glenn. NASA
Youngest man in space
The opposite record belongs to the Soviet cosmonaut German Titov. When in August 1961 he was aboard the Soviet spacecraft "Vostok-2" he was in Earth orbit, German Titov was only 25 years old. He became the second person to be in near-earth orbit, and in 25 hours of flight he circled the planet 17 times. In addition, German Titov was the first person to sleep in space and was reportedly the first to experience "space sickness" (motion sickness).
German Titov, Nikita Khrushchev and Yuri Gagarin. ANEFO
Longest space flight
Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the longest continuous stay in space. Having gone into space in January 1994, the astronaut spent on board the orbital station "Mir" more than a year, namely 437 days and 18 hours.
A similar record, but already on board the ISS, was recently set by two people at once - Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko and NASA astronaut Scott Kelly - they spent 340 days in space.
A similar record for women belongs to Italian Samantha Cristoforetti, who spent more than 199 days aboard the International Space Station in 2014-2015.
Valery Polyakov. NASA
The shortest space flight
Alan Shepard became the first American to fly suborbital on May 5, 1961. The flight of NASA's Freedom 7 spacecraft lasted only 15 minutes 28 seconds, while the spacecraft reached an altitude of 186.5 kilometers.
Ten years later, in 1971, he was able to compensate for such a short-term space mission by participating in the NASA Apollo 14 mission. During this flight, the 47-year-old astronaut set another record for becoming the oldest person to walk on the lunar surface.
Alan Shepard. NASA
Farthest space flight
The record for the longest distance from Earth to which astronauts retired was set more than 40 years ago. In April 1970, the manned Apollo 13 spacecraft with three NASA astronauts on board, as a result of several unplanned trajectory adjustments, moved away from Earth by a record 401,056 kilometers.
The Apollo 13 crew. Left to right: James Lovell, John Swygert, Fred Hayes. NASA
Longest stay in space
Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka holds the record for the longest total duration of his stay in space - during five space flights, 878 days came to the cosmonaut's piggy bank, that is, Gennady Padalka spent 2 years 4 months 3 weeks 5 days of his life in space.
For women, a similar record belongs to NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson - she spent a total of more than 376 days in space.
Gennady Padalka. NASA
Longest inhabited spacecraft
This record belongs to the International Space Station, and it is increasing every day. This $ 100 billion orbiting laboratory has been carrying humans continuously since November 2, 2000.
This time plus two days (the first crew of the station launched from Earth on October 31, 2000) also constitutes another record - the longest period of continuous human presence in space.
Longest stay on the moon
In December 1972, NASA Apollo 17 mission members Harrison Schmitt and Eugene Cernan spent more than three days (almost 75 hours) on the lunar surface. The astronauts took three walks on the moon for a total of over 22 hours. Note that this was the last time a person stepped on the moon and generally went beyond the limits of the near-earth orbit.
Launch of Apollo 17. NASA
The largest number of space flights
This record belongs to two NASA astronauts at once - Franklin Chang-Diaz and Jerry Ross. Both astronauts have flown into space seven times aboard NASA's space shuttles. Chang-Diaz flights were made in 1986-2002, Ross - in the period between 1985 and 2002.
"Shuttle". NASA
Most spacewalks
Russian cosmonaut Anatoly Soloviev, who flew into space five times in the 1980s and 1990s, completed 16 spacewalks. In total, he spent 82 hours and 21 minutes outside the spacecraft, which is also a record.
Anatoly Soloviev. NASA
Longest spacewalk
The record for the longest single spacewalk belongs to the Americans Jim Voss and Susan Helms. On March 11, 2001, they spent 8 hours and 56 minutes outside the Discovery spacecraft and the International Space Station, performing work on maintenance and preparation of the orbital laboratory for the arrival of the next module.
ISS-2 crew: Jim Voss, Yuri Usachev, Susan Helms. NASA
The largest number of people in space
The most crowded in low-earth orbit was in July 2009, when NASA's Endeavor shuttle docked to the International Space Station. The six members of the ISS mission were then joined by seven US astronauts from the shuttle. Thus, there were 13 people in space at the same time. The record was repeated in April 2010.
Endeavor. NASA
Most women in space
Four women orbiting the Earth at the same time - this is the second record set in April 2010. Then NASA representative Tracy Caldwell Dyson, who arrived on the ISS on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, was joined by her colleagues Stephanie Wilson and Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger and the Japanese woman Naoko Yamazaki, who arrived to work in the orbital laboratory aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. mission STS-131.
Space history, as everyone knows, begins about half a century ago. During this period, many interesting record data were recorded. In this article, we present seven major space records. So stay tuned, read the article to the end.
The most distant flight into space
The farthest distance at the moment has been reached by the well-known Voyager-1. He was sent to endless spaces, and in his long journeys he covered an incredibly great distance. This unit was designed for research purposes. Solar system and its surrounding areas. It was launched back in 1977, on September 5, and for such long time his flight, namely almost 40 years, he managed to move away from the Sun at a distance of over 19 trillion. km.
Longest stay in orbit
In view of the appearance of orbital stations, mankind has been given the opportunity to send people into space for periods of more than six months. Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, who is a Russian cosmonaut, managed to stay in orbit longer than anyone else and became a record holder in this regard. He made his legendary maiden flight in 1988. After that, he flew five more times to the stars. In total, he spent 803 days outside the Earth. 9 hours 42 minutes. However, this is still not a record at the moment, because in 2015 it was beaten by Gennady Padalka, but this remains the property of Russia in terms of space exploration.
Longest experience in outer space
New relay race of achievements Soviet Union was discovered by Alexei Leonov, who is Soviet pilot, which stepped outside of the spacecraft during its maiden flight back in 1965. After that, there were already many exits into outer space, called extravehicular activities. There are over 370 of them, and the winner is here in terms of long stay became Anatoly Solovyov. He managed to carry out 16 acts of extravehicular activity and, as a result, broke the record for the duration of stay in open space... It was 82 hours 22 minutes. Anatoly at that moment was in the midst of a vacuum and an eternally cold environment and performed all kinds of experiments and preventive work with station equipment.
"Kommunalka" in orbit
In 1975, for the first time ever, it was possible to dock international spacecraft with astronauts on board. For forty years of activity, they managed to build all kinds of modules in which the cosmonauts had the opportunity to conduct experiments in the framework of international cooperation.
Despite the fact that there was a Soviet program called Interkosmos, as well as its counterparts from the United States, the first permanent project of the international plan actually turned out to be the MIR station. In addition to cosmonauts from Russia, shuttle expeditions flew to her, on which there were representatives different countries... But currently the record for the number of visits is broken by the International Space Station. Since 1998, it is estimated that 216 people have visited the laboratories, some of whom have visited the station twice or even three times.
Record holder of astronauts in age
When the first composition of the space squad was still being recruited, the strictest selection rules were in force for all kinds of restrictions: that of health, weight, height, and even age. Scientists then only assumed and did not know exactly what awaited the pioneers of space, so it was logical to send young pilots there. For example, Yuri Gagarin was only 27 years old at the time of his flight, and the youngest turned out to be German Titov, who is Yuri's backup, because he was only almost 26 years old during takeoff. But over time, the cosmonauts seemed to grow old and old. In 1988, John Glenn flew into space, whose statistics are very, very impressive, right from the time he was the first from the United States to make an orbital flight. He is the first to cross the 90-year mark. On the last flight, he was 77 years old.
Heavyweight
With the development of the space industry, there was a need to increase the number and weight of the spacecraft, and subsequently the development of super-heavy carrier rockets arose. Many ideas, so to speak, have sunk into oblivion for some inexplicable reason. For example, there was such a Soviet rocket carrier as Energia. He was capable of launching a payload with a mass of 100 tons into orbit, but the USSR collapsed, and this creation was out of work. It is worth remembering the past and paying attention to the time of the space race between the two superpowers. There it is worth taking a closer look at the brainchild of the US lunar program called "Saturn-5". For the flight to the Moon of modules capable of returning to Earth, extremely enormous power was needed, and the Wernher von Braun apparatus had a carrying capacity of 140 tons, which gave it the right to be called the champion in terms of heavyweight.
Fastest people
A school physics course tells us that in order for an object to leave the orbit of another body, it is necessary to reach the second cosmic speed, which can provide the opportunity to overcome gravity gravitational force... The American program for the exploration of the moon assumed that it was necessary to reach the second earthly space velocity. If, in order to fly to the ISS, it is necessary to gain a speed of 8 km / s, to send to the Moon, it will be necessary to reach 11 km / s. During the Apollo 10 mission, three astronauts could move in space at a speed of 39897 km / h in relation to the Earth. Their names were John Young, Thomas Stafford and Eugene Senan. At the time of their return to the planet, they managed to reach even 11082 m / s. To understand how much this is, one should imagine the time required to travel from Moscow to St. Petersburg. The distance between these great cities is 634 km, which means that astronauts would fly from one city to another in 58 seconds.
Such interesting records, it turns out, were made by people in terms of space exploration. These are truly excellent results, although even more can now be achieved. Nevertheless, they remained in history as some of the main records for the entire period of space exploration, which can be a reason for pride.
50 years ago, Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first person to enter open space: on March 18, 1965, together with cosmonaut P.I. Belyaev flew into space on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft as a co-pilot. For the first time in the world, Leonov went into outer space, moved away from the spacecraft to a distance of up to 5 m, having spent 12 minutes in open space. The shortest report in the history of cosmonautics was delivered at the state commission after the flight: “You can live and work in outer space”.
Records of the first years of space exploration paved the way for new achievements and discoveries, allowing humanity to step far beyond the Earth and human capabilities.
The oldest man in space
The oldest person in orbit is US Senator John Glenn, who flew into space aboard the Discovery shuttle in 1998. Glenn was in the so-called first seven American astronauts, he was the first American astronaut to make an orbiting space flight on February 20, 1962. Therefore, Glenn also holds the record for the longest period between two space flights.
The youngest astronaut
Cosmonaut German Titov was 25 full years when he went into space on the Vostok-2 spacecraft on August 9, 1961. He became the second person to orbit the Earth, completing 17 orbits around the planet in a 25-hour flight. Titov also became the first person to sleep in space and the first to experience space sickness (loss of appetite, dizziness, headache).
Longest space flight
Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the longest stay in space. From 1994 to 1995, he spent 438 days at the Mir station. He also holds the record for the longest single stay in space.
Shortest flight
On May 5, 1961, Alan Sheppard became the first American to leave Earth in a suborbital space flight. He also holds the record for the shortest space flight, which lasted only 15 minutes. During this quarter of an hour, he flew to an altitude of 185 km. He splashed down in Atlantic Ocean 486 km from the launch site. In 1971, Sheppard visited the moon, where the 47-year-old astronaut became the oldest person to step onto the surface of an Earth satellite.
Farthest flight
The record for the maximum distance of astronauts from the Earth was set by the Apollo 13 team, which flew over the invisible side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 km in April 1970, finding itself at a record distance of 400,171 km from the Earth.
Longest in space
Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev spent the longest time in space, who spent more than 803 days in space during six flights. Among women, this record belongs to Peggy Whitson, who spent more than 376 days in orbit.
Krikalev owns another, unofficial record: the last person who lived under the USSR. In December 1991, when the USSR disappeared, Sergei was on board the Mir station, and in March 1992 he returned to Russia.
Longest inhabited spaceship
This record, which is increasing every day, belongs to the ISS. The $ 100 billion station has been continuously inhabited since November 2000.
Longest shuttle mission
Space shuttle Columbia took off into space on November 19, 1996. The descent was originally scheduled for December 5, however weather delayed the landing of the spacecraft, which spent 17 days 16 hours in orbit.
Longest on the moon
Harrison Schmitt and Eugene Cernan were on the moon longer than other astronauts - 75 hours. During the landing, they made three long walks with a total duration of more than 22 hours. This was the last human flight to the moon and out of Earth orbit to date.
Fastest flight
The fastest people on Earth and beyond were members of the Apollo 10 mission, the last preparatory flight before landing on the moon. Returning to Earth on May 26, 1969, their ship reached a speed of 39,897 km / h.
Most flights
Most of all, the Americans flew into space: Fraanklin Chang-Diaz and Jerry Ross flew into space seven times as part of the crews of space shuttles.
Maximum number of spacewalks
Cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov, during five space flights in the 1980s and 1990s, made 16 exits outside the station, spending 82 hours in open space.
Longest spacewalk
On March 11, 2001, astronauts Jim Voss and Susan Helms spent nearly nine hours outside the Discovery shuttle and the ISS preparing the station for the arrival of the new module. To this day, that space walk remains the longest in history.
The most representative company in space
13 people gathered in space at a time in July 2009, when the shuttle Endeavor docked at the ISS, where there were six astronauts. This meeting became the most massive human presence in space at a time.
Most expensive spaceship
The International Space Station began to be assembled in 1998, and it was completed in 2012. In 2011, the cost of its creation exceeded $ 100 billion. The station became the most expensive single technical facility ever built and the largest spacecraft. Fifteen countries took part in its construction, its size today is almost 110 m. living quarters is equivalent to the volume of the passenger compartment of a Boeing-747.