Objects of regional importance

"... 19) objects of regional significance - capital construction objects, other objects, territories that are necessary for the exercise of powers on issues attributed to the jurisdiction of the subject Russian Federation state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, the constitution (charter) of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, laws of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, decisions of the supreme executive body of state power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and exert on the socio-economic development of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation Federation. The types of objects of regional significance in the areas specified in part 3 of Article 14 of this Code, subject to display on the territorial planning scheme of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, are determined by the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation; ... "

A source:

"Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2004 N 190-FZ (as amended on November 12, 2012)

Official terminology... Academic.ru. 2012.

See what "Objects of regional significance" is in other dictionaries:

Objects of historical-architectural, artistic, scientific and memorial value, which are of particular importance for the history and culture of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation; ... Source: Federal Law of June 25, 2002 N 73 FZ (as amended on November 12, 2012) ... ... Official terminology

Cultural heritage sites- (OKN) monuments of history and culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation objects real estate with associated works of painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, objects of science and technology and other items of material ... ... Wikipedia

Cultural heritage sites- real estate objects with associated works of painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, objects of science and technology and other items of material culture, arising from historical events, ... ... Environmental Law of Russia: Dictionary of Legal Terms

List of organizations registering World Heritage sites- This article or section describes the situation in relation to only one region. You can help Wikipedia by adding information for other countries and regions. Template: Dynamic list There are many ... Wikipedia

SPECIALLY PROTECTED OBJECTS AND TERRITORIES- plots of land and water space, which have a special scientific, cultural, aesthetic. recreational and health-improving value and are withdrawn by decisions of state authorities in whole or in part from the economic turnover from ... ... Encyclopedia of the Lawyer

Ammonites (disambiguation)- Not to be confused with Ammanites. Not to be confused with the Amanitovs. In different fields of science, this word means fundamentally different objects: Ammonites are a kind of industrial explosives. Ammonites or Ammonites (Heb. עַמּוֹן) ... ... Wikipedia

Yelets (special economic zone of the regional level)- This term has other meanings, see Yelets (meanings). Collage of the Yelets panorama "Yelets" special economic zone of the regional level of tourist and recreational type in Yelets Lipetsk region... Has regional significance, located on ... ... Wikipedia

Encyclopedia of Law

NP 064-05: Accounting for external influences of natural and man-made origin on nuclear facilities- Terminology NP 064 05: Accounting for external influences of natural and man-made origin on objects of use atomic energy: 1. Impact physical action (mechanical or impact) exerted on buildings, structures, systems, elements ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Specially protected water bodies- (English specially guarding water objects) in the Russian Federation, natural aquatic ecosystems that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health-improving significance. According to Art. 118 VK RF * fully or partially,… … Big Law Dictionary

In accordance with the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas", specially protected natural areas of various forms have been created in our country. They are most diverse at the regional and local levels. The central place is occupied by the largest natural parks and the most numerous - reserves and natural monuments.

Natural parks are a relatively new category of specially protected natural areas in Russia. This form, despite its exceptional relevance from both an environmental and a recreational point of view, actually came into practice only quite recently - in the 90s. According to Art. 18 of the Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas", natural parks are nature conservation recreational institutions under the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the territories (water areas) of which include natural complexes and objects of significant ecological and aesthetic value, and are intended for use in nature conservation, educational and recreational purposes.

The specific tasks of these parks include:

• preservation of the natural environment, natural landscapes;
• creation of conditions for recreation (including mass recreation) and preservation of recreational resources;
• development and implementation effective methods nature protection and maintenance of ecological balance in the conditions of recreational use of the territory.

The key difference between natural parks lies in their subordination not to the federal structure, but to the regional one. This logically follows from the idea that the most valuable natural objects are subject to protection at the highest (federal) level in the status of national parks, while less significant ones are preserved under regional patronage, that is, in the status of natural or regional parks.

According to the Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas", natural parks are located on lands provided to them for perpetual (permanent) use, in some cases - on the lands of other users, as well as owners.

To date, there are 54 natural parks in the country, and they are almost equally distributed between the European and Asian parts of Russia.

Their total area is 15.4 million hectares, or 0.9% of the country's area. According to the Forest Code of the Russian Federation, the forests of natural parks belong to the forests of the first group.

Zakazniks are territories (or water areas) that are of particular importance for the preservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintenance of the ecological balance.

Landscape reserves are intended for the preservation and restoration of natural complexes (landscapes), biological (botanical and zoological) - for the preservation and restoration of rare and endangered species of plants and animals (including valuable species in economic, scientific and cultural terms), hydrological (bog, lake, sea, river) - for the preservation and restoration of valuable water bodies and ecosystems, geological - for the preservation of valuable objects and complexes of inanimate nature, paleontological - for the preservation of fossil objects, etc.
In zakazniks economic activity is allowed only to the extent that it does not disturb the peace and does not harm the protected objects.

At present, there are 2831 regional nature reserves in Russia. Their total area is 72.4 million hectares, or 4.4% of the country's area. In some regions they are single, in others, on the contrary, there are several hundred. For example, in the Tver region alone, the number of reserves reaches almost 600.

The bulk of the zakazniks belongs to the category of hunting reserves, which are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. The most widespread species reserves are for beaver, elk, wild boar, roe deer, sable, muskrat, upland game, etc. Specifically, species reserves have played a significant role in the preservation and restoration of the most valuable game animals in our country.

Natural monuments are unique, irreplaceable, ecologically, scientifically, culturally and aesthetically valuable natural complexes, as well as objects of natural and artificial origin. This term was first introduced by the famous naturalist A. Humboldt. Like reserves, this category of specially protected natural areas is most common at the regional level - more than nine thousand objects with a total area of ​​4.0 million hectares, or 0.2% of the country's area. Natural objects and complexes declared as natural monuments are completely removed from economic use... Any activity that harms the natural monument and the natural environment around it or worsens the condition and protection of the monument is prohibited. As well as nature reserves, natural monuments are extremely diverse in the types of protected objects. They can be both complex, including a number of protected objects of various categories, and highly specialized. The most widespread are landscape, botanical, dendrological, zoological, hydrological, geological, paleontological, geomorphological, speleological, pedological (soil) natural monuments. Natural and historical monuments of nature occupy a special place among them. This category of specially protected natural areas includes monuments of garden and park art, old estates of memorial and artistic significance, complexes of city parks and gardens.

Among the forms of specially protected natural areas intended for the preservation of natural and historical complexes, it is necessary to note the museums-estates, museums-reserves, memorial museums. All of them are associated with the names of great Russian writers, poets, painters, sculptors, etc. As a rule, these open-air museums form an inseparable unity with their natural environment, artificial or natural natural landscapes. In many reserve museums, nature is one of the main values. In particular, this applies to the palace and park ensembles of the surroundings, the Solovetsky Museum-Reserve, the Natural-Archaeological Museum-Reserve "Divnogorie", etc.

In addition to the forms discussed above, the group of specially protected natural areas of the regional and local levels, by decision of the administration of the region or municipality, may include such forms as medical and recreational areas, dendrological parks and botanical gardens, green areas of settlements, rest zones in, water protection zones of small rivers and springs, ravine forests of anti-erosion significance, recreational zones of cities, natural resource reserves, protected natural and anthropogenic landscapes, etc.

Analysis of the structure of specially protected natural areas in Russia shows that the most representative in terms of area is the group of reserves. They make up 37% of the total area of ​​the country. Approximately one fourth of them falls on the share of natural resource reserves (25%) and state nature reserves (23%). National and natural parks occupy 3% and 9%, respectively. Dendrological parks, botanical gardens, medical and recreational areas and protected natural and anthropogenic landscapes make up about 1% in total.
Share of all territories federal significance is 28%; the rest of the area falls on specially protected natural areas of regional and local importance.

Highways are the transport arteries that connect various regions and settlements of the country. The federal roads of Russia are of the greatest importance for our state. But the importance of other highways should not be underestimated either. Let's find out how highways are classified, and also draw up a list of federal roads in Russia.

Types of road classification

First of all, let's find out what characteristics can be grouped.Depending on the criteria, there are several types of classification:

• by value;
• by type of coverage;
• by ownership;
• by class;
• by category.

Below we will look at each type of classification in more detail.

Classification of roads by value

This type of classification in the Russian Federation defines a special one about roads, published in 2007. According to it, the highways are subdivided into federal roads of Russia, regional, intermunicipal and local ones. We will talk about what this means below.

In Russia, these are highways of national importance. They are financed from the federal budget of the Russian Federation.

Regional roads are motorways run by the authorities in the regions. They are of local, regional importance and are financed from the respective budget. If a regional road provides access to large transport interchanges or other particularly important objects, then in the Russian road classification it is designated by the prefix A, and all the others - by the prefix K.

Roads of intermunicipal importance serve to connect settlements within the boundaries of one region, but have a lower level of importance than regional highways, and even more so, federal highways of Russia. All inter-municipal routes are designated by the prefix N.

All other roads are local roads. Often they are located within the boundaries of one region or even a settlement and are of significant value only for it. Financed from the budget of the local government unit to which they belong.

Types of roads by type of coverage

According to the type of coverage, motorways are divided into only two types: with a hard surface and unpaved. Moreover, the former are subdivided into several subspecies: asphalted, paved with paving stones, reinforced concrete slabs, etc. Dirt roads do not have an artificial surface at all.

It should be noted that the list of federal roads in Russia does not include any unpaved transport route. Also, you will not find a single such road among the regional and inter-municipal roads. But they can meet among local highways.

Types of roads by ownership

By the right of ownership, communication routes are subdivided into national, regional and private. If the question does not arise with the determination of the owner of national and regional roads, then with private matters the situation is somewhat different. So, they can belong either to an organization or to an individual. Note, however, that the practice of private tracks in Russia is not yet very widespread.

At the same time, it should be emphasized that all roads included in the list of federal highways in Russia belong to the state.

Classification by class

There is also a classification by road class. According to it, highways are divided into three types: motorways, expressways and regular highways.

The main difference between highways and simple high-speed roads is that the first type of highways does not allow traffic to the highway with an abutment at the same level, while the second type does it.

On ordinary routes, a lower speed limit is set than on the above two. In addition, unlike highways and expressways, such roads allow intersections with bicycle, car and pedestrian paths in the same plane.

A mandatory attribute of highways and expressways is the presence of four or more lanes, each with a width of 3.75 m.

It should be noted that on different sections of the same road may have a different class.

It should be noted that all of the listed types of highways are included in the list of federal roads in Russia, but among the regional highways there are no highways.

Breakdown of roads by category

All highways have category IA, express roads - IB, but ordinary highways are subdivided into five categories at once - IC, II, III, IV and V. markings as for motorways and expressways. The rest of the usual type differ from each other in the total number of traffic lanes and their width. In addition, unlike other options, tracks with category IV and V allow the intersection with railway and tram tracks at the same level.

Federal routes

Now let's take a closer look at which highways are included in the list of federal highways in Russia. It includes absolutely all autobahns that connect Moscow with the capitals of other state entities, or connect it with the central cities of the regions of the Russian Federation. In addition, the list of federal highways in Russia may include paths connecting the administrative centers of different regions, if such highways are of particular importance. Also, this list sometimes includes the most significant connecting roads, in particular those that provide access to the largest transport interchanges or to communications of federal importance, for example, to large ports.

Federal roads of Russia are of particular importance for the transport system of the country.

Classification of federal roads

All roads included in the list of Russia have their own separate classification. Our further conversation will go about it.

Federal roads in Russia are divided into two main types: general use and European highways.

In addition, when numbering the roads connecting Moscow with foreign capitals or regional centers, the prefix M. is used. For those routes that connect the central cities of the regions with themselves, the prefix R. is used. Federal highways of Russia, which are of great importance as connecting and access roads, are numbered with the prefix A.

List of federal roads with the M prefix

Now let's take a look at the list of federal roads in Russia itself. Federal highways of general importance connecting Moscow with European capitals and regional centers have the following names:

• M1 - to Minsk.
• M2 - to Yalta.
• M3 - to Kiev.
• M4 - to Novorossiysk.
• M5 - to Chelyabinsk.
• M7 - to Ufa.
• M8 - to Arkhangelsk.
• M9 - to Riga.
• M10 - to St. Petersburg.
• M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow (under construction).

List of other federal roads

The list of federal highways of the Russian Federation, which connect the central settlements of its constituent entities, includes 34 highways. The most significant of them are:

• Р23 Belarus - St. Petersburg.
• Р56 Pskov - Novgorod.
• P92 Oryol - Kaluga.
• Р119 Tambov - Oryol.
• Р120 Belarus - Oryol.
• Р132 Ryazan - Kaluga.
• Р208, Р209 Penza - Tambov.
• P216 Stavropol - Astrakhan.
• P217- "Caucasus".
• P239 Kazakhstan - Kazan.
• Р298 Kursk - highway Р22.
• R351 Tyumen - Yekaterinburg.
• Р402 Omsk - Tyumen.
• Р404 Khanty-Mansiysk - Tyumen.
• P600 Ivanovo - Kostroma.

Federal highways of the Russian Federation, which serve as connecting and access roads, have 75 names. The most important ones are as follows:

• A103 Shchelkovskoe highway.
• А109 Ilyinskoe highway.
• A113 Central Ring Road.
• А164- "Transkam".
• А181- "Scandinavia".
• А375- "East".

European roads

In addition, there are federal roads in Russia that have the status of European transport routes. These include the following highways:

• E18 Finland - St. Petersburg.
• E20 Estonia - St. Petersburg.
• E22 Latvia - Ishim.
• E28 Poland - Kaliningrad - Lithuania.
• E30 Belarus - Omsk.
• E38 Ukraine - Voronezh - Kazakhstan.
• E40 Ukraine - Volgograd - Kazakhstan.
• E50 Ukraine - Makhachkala.
• E58 Ukraine - Rostov-on-Don.
• E77 Poland - Pskov.
• E95 St. Petersburg - Belarus.
• E97 Ukraine - Georgia.
• E101 Ukraine - Moscow.
• E105 Norway - Yalta.
• E115 Novorossiysk - Yaroslavl.
• E117 Georgia - Mineral Waters.
• E119 Moscow - Azerbaijan.
• E121 Samara - Kazakhstan.
• E123 Chelyabinsk - Kazakhstan.
• E125 Ishim - Kazakhstan.
• E127 Omsk - Kazakhstan.

These federal highways in Russia are important not only because they provide car traffic within the country, but also guarantee the stable operation of international transport links.

Asian routes

In addition, there are Asian international roads. In the classification, they are designated by the prefix AN. But it should be noted that Asian routes are also simultaneously classified with the prefixes M, P and A, depending on the significance of this route.

For example, the P258 "Baikal" highway, which runs from Irkutsk to Chita, is part of the Asian road AH6 Belarus - Busan (Republic of Korea). Similarly, the M10 St. Petersburg - Moscow highway (the other name of the road is "Russia") is a part of the Asian route AH8 Finland - Iran and at the same time a component of the European route E105 Kirkenes (Norway) - Yalta.

Roads under construction

Among the roads included in the list of federal highways in Russia, at the moment only one is being built - M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow. Its main task will be to reduce the flow of vehicles from the M10 "Russia" highway, which runs almost parallel and also connects the two Russian capitals. According to the plan, some sections of the new one will be paid. In 2014, the first section of the track was opened for drivers. Previously, it was planned that the entire line will be put into operation in 2018, but due to the onset of the economic crisis in the country, the timing may significantly shift.

In addition, there are a number of interesting projects that, if implemented, would receive the status of federal highways. But at the present time they are all only at the idea stage.

Road condition

It should be noted that most federal roads have satisfactory coverage. As for those highways that are subordinate to the authorities of the regions and individual municipalities, their condition is significantly different. It all depends on what part of Russia they are located in, and how much money local governments can allocate for their repair and restoration.

Of course, in the Russian Federation, many local roads are in fairly good condition, but there are also enough tracks, the condition of which is simply catastrophic, requiring immediate repair of the track.

Federal Highway Management

The management of federal roads is entrusted to the state company Rosavtodor, or, as it is called in another way, the Federal Road Agency. This company was founded in 2004 and reports directly to the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. From 2012 to the present day, its head is Roman Viktorovich Staroviyt. Rosavtodor assesses the quality of federal roads and makes decisions on repairs if necessary. The company also draws up a schedule of planned road repairs.

In addition, in 2009 the state organization "Russian Highways" was founded, headed by S. V. Kelbakh. The M1, M3 and M4 highways were transferred to the management of this organization.

Importance of federal roads

It is difficult to overestimate the importance that the federal roads of Russia have for the transport system of the country. The list presented earlier indicates that they connect the most important settlements and communications for the Russian Federation. Therefore, it is very important to ensure their maintenance in a satisfactory form, prevent destruction, and correct distribution of traffic flow.

Moreover, in order to optimize the flow of road transport, it is necessary to build a number of large federal highways, the construction of which may take place in the near future.

Specially protected natural areas (natural monuments)

regional significance

Kuibyshevsky district

Lingonberry boron, lily-of-the-valley boron

Lingonberry boron, lily-of-the-valley boron is located between the Shuitsa and Borovka rivers. The main tree species of the forest are pine, spruce and birch. The undergrowth in it consists of ordinary spruce. The undergrowth is represented by mountain ash, goat willow and brittle buckthorn; in places, common juniper and common raspberry are abundant. In the herbaceous cover, May lily of the valley, common heather, Veronica oakravnaya, Siberian crib, common cuff, hairy hawk, male dwarf and other species are noted. Blueberries, lingonberries and wild strawberries also grow in the forest.

The current state of the forest area is assessed as satisfactory, the level of anthropogenic load on it is low. Boron is used by the local population only for seasonal picking of mushrooms and berries.

The forest area has a huge impact on the ecological state of natural complexes, performing such bioecological functions as regulation and filtration of water runoff, prevention of soil erosion, conservation of biological diversity, enrichment of the atmosphere with oxygen, influence on climate formation and prevention of air pollution. It is also an important habitat for a variety of flora and fauna, including those listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region.

Tract "Baydakovka"

The Baidakovka tract is located on the right slope of the Desna river floodplain. The main tree crops of the tract are birch and black alder with a large admixture of aspen. But there are also areas of 45-50 year old pines, and single oaks.

Its herbaceous cover contains May lily of the valley, forest geranium, meadow foxtail, common oxalis, forest bush, creeping tenacious and other species. There are also lingonberries, blueberries, drupes and wild strawberries.

Park of the estate of the village of Prilepy

The homestead consists of two parts, separated by an old carriageway. Its western part is lined with lindens and is divided by a diagonal planting of lindens into an apiary and a front yard with a residential building. The eastern part, which was of economic importance, is lined with lindens, oaks, birches and willows. The park has about 100 trees over 100 years old. The herbaceous cover is home to hairy sedge, common runny, forest geranium, meadow foxtail and urban gravilat. Among medicinal and berry plants in the park, there are red elder, medicinal dandelion, field mint, St. John's wort, wild and musky strawberries, common raspberries and other species.

Park of the estate of the village of Petroselie

The park was planted in the first half of the 19th century. The garden and park ensemble has well preserved its planning structure and woody vegetation. The entire interior space of the estate has an axial structure along the line of the main house of the estate. The park was planted taking into account the specific landscape of the Lyubushi river slope.

Its forest stand is dominated by linden with an admixture of pine, birch and acacia. In total, there are about 350 trees 150-180 years old. On the southern side of the estate, on a ravine, there are two ponds, which were the southern natural border of the estate. Unfortunately, one of the ponds is currently drained.

Park of the estate of the village of Petroskoe

The estate arose in the 19th century on the right bank of the Krivotechka River to the west of the village. Petrovskoe. In its layout, the planting of lindens around the former buildings stands out. Also, common spruce, pedunculate oak, common pine and dangling birch predominate in the stand; there are domestic apple trees, common raspberries, drupes, common pears, wild and musky strawberries, and blueberries. The herbaceous cover is dominated by plantain, meadow and marsh geranium, caustic buttercup, and field violet.

The park of the estate of the village of Dobroselie

At present, fragments of linden alleys of on-farm importance have been preserved from the estate, created in the second half of the 19th century on the right bank of the Snoopot River. The entire territory of the estate is heavily overgrown with small forests (lindens, birches, ash and maples). No landscape elements are observed. In the herbaceous layer, there are common whiteweed, cereal starwort, meadow clover, common and common loosestrife, field mint and other plant species. Among medicinal species can be distinguished medicinal dandelion, St. John's wort, erect cinquefoil and celandine large.

Zhukovsky district

Spring

The Rodnik tract is a mixed forest on the right root slope of the Protva river valley. The main forest-forming species in it is European spruce with an admixture of small-leaved and broad-leaved species. In the undergrowth there is hazel, young growth of European spruce is abundant, juniper is rarely found. The central part of the forest is occupied by a terraced plateau, composed of calcareous tuffs, along which streams with small but very picturesque waterfalls flow.

The level of landscape and biological diversity of the natural complex is assessed as high. It is characterized by the presence of orchids, some of which grow in a fairly large number, and the wintergreens that are relatively poorly resistant to the anthropogenic load, which testifies to the good preservation of the forest. Also here are noted the Smirensky fireweed, which grows exclusively in the outlets of pure spring water, the marsh stellate and sod forget-me-not, and the oak mannik and three-flowered bedstraw, which are listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, are quite rare in the region.

The tract in its current state is an example of sustainable conservation and improvement of the environment and resource-reproducing functions of the landscape, an important habitat (growth) of rare and endangered flora and fauna, as well as the region's largest population of a rare bryophyte species in Central Russia - rhynhostegium river or coastal.

Park of the Saltykovs estate

The park of the Saltykov estate with regular and landscape parts was created at the end of the 18th century

P.V. Saltykov. A small part of the regular park is located in the northeastern part of the ensemble and consists of four linden alleys that go southeast to the parterre in front of the main house. Internally, the open space of the garden and park ensemble is emphasized by alleys of lindens, oaks and rare pines. The estate includes two dug ponds, observation mounds, walking paths along the Nara River and along its upper edge of the floodplain terrace. Directly opposite the main house of the estate on the bank of the river. An artificial backwater has been preserved in the Nara.

Currently, most of the manor park is a natural forest.

Tract "Mikhalevy Gory"

The Mikhalevy Gory tract is a protrusion of the first terrace above the floodplain, on which pine-oak forests grow. This object is the only biocenosis in the lower reaches of the river. Protva, the stand of which is dominated by pedunculate oak and small-leaved linden. The level of biological diversity of the territory is average. There are 15 species of bryophytes, 161 species of vascular plants, 48 ​​species of birds and 17 species of mammals, of which 2 are regionally rare.

At present, the tract is experiencing a significant anthropogenic load, as evidenced by the well-developed road and path network and organized recreation sites on its territory. However, despite this, "Mikhalevy Gory" is a picturesque natural complex and a valuable habitat and growth of a large number of various species of flora and fauna.

Lake "Oglublyanka"

Lake "Oglublyanka" is a large oxbow lake of the Protva River, surrounded by floodplain meadows. Its total length is several kilometers, width - 50-60 meters, average depth - 4-5 meters, water surface area - 21 hectares.

The water body is of great value for birds, as it is a nesting place for regionally rare species, or species that gravitate towards wetlands.

Spruce array on the river. Nara

Spruce array on the river. Nara is located on the right, gentle near-valley slope of the outwash Protvinskaya lowland. The main part of the forest area is represented by middle-aged spruce and aspen forests with the participation of linden and other tree species. Spruce stands are largely damaged by the bark beetle-typographer. The level of biological diversity of the territory is assessed as high.

Pine forests on the river. Protva

Pine forests on the first above-floodplain terrace of the left bank of the river. Protva is the only natural forest near the town of Zhukov, undisturbed garden plots and recreation areas. The main forest-forming species in it are Scots pine and European spruce, as well as warty birch. The age of the plantings ranges from 45 to 130 years. Common hazel prevails among the bushes. In the undergrowth, a sharp predominance of common spruce is noted.

Pine forests on the river. Protva is an important habitat for rare and endangered flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, such as: Klintukh, Tufted Tit, Umbrella Wintermoon, Gudayera creeping, White Cinquefoil, Laxative Gester and Three-flowered Bedstraw.

The grounds of the production and hunting enterprise "Barsuki"

The grounds of the production and hunting enterprise "Barsuki" are a compact forest in the interfluve of Protva and Nara. Currently, it is included in the boundaries of the state nature reserve of federal significance "State complex" Tarusa ".

Kozelsky district

Fresh water source near the Optina Pustyn monastery

There are three well-known fresh water springs near the Optina Pustyn monastery.

The Pafnutiev Spring is located on the banks of the Zhizdra River, 400 m upstream from the Optina Pustyn Monastery. It is decorated with a well and a pool. The water in it is very soft, containing a large amount of mineral impurities. It is considered curative and is used by the locals for drinking purposes.

"Amvrosievsky well" is located near the monastery skete.

The third spring is located at the monastery pond, 200 m to the north. The water in it is also soft, with a large amount of mineral impurities, it is used to supply water to the monastery.

All sources are a unique natural phenomenon. The water in them is pure, with healing properties, therefore the springs are considered "holy".

Linden alley in the estate with. Volkonskoe

Linden Alley is located on the outskirts of the village. Volkonskoe. Along the left bank of the stream, flowing at the foot of the hill, there are lindens at least 130 years old. On the flat top of the hill, the age-old linden trees are arranged in four parallel rows. The inner two rows make up an alley of century-old lindens about 5 meters wide. The location of the alleys is interesting because the landscape was created, on the one hand, by nature (a sloping hill with a wide flat top, at the foot of the hill - a stream), on the other hand, by a person who created the aesthetics of landscape lines. Large rhythmic divisions (secular lindens) are interspersed with more fractional divisions (apple orchard) on both sides of the alley.

Sukhinichi district

A source of fresh water near the village of Uruga

The source of fresh water near the village of Uruga is located 300 m above the confluence of the Sukhoshanka stream into the Urushka river. This stream drains the right bank of the entire steep slope, along which numerous springs flow. And the most water-abundant of them is the spring near the village of Uruga. The source of groundwater discharge is descending. The flow rate of water in it is quite high and amounts to 17 l / s. Water temperature - 6.3 0 С, mineralization - 0.32 g / l. In terms of chemical composition, the water is soft - 3.5 o J. The background of nitrates is somewhat increased in it, but in general it is of good quality and meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 for drinking water.

The spring is located in a picturesque forest area, the main forest-forming species of which are spruce, aspen and birch. In its vicinity, there are plant species typical of groundwater outlets, such as: touch-me-not, oak starwort, dioecious nettle, bluegrass, common veronica. Only pink fireweed can be attributed to the rare species noted at the key.

The current state of the fresh water source near the village of Uruga is assessed as satisfactory. The anthropogenic load on it is minimal. Local residents use the spring insignificantly for taking water for drinking purposes. The source has been trapped, a wooden frame with a roof has been installed at the site of the groundwater outlet.

Medynsky district

The Misida River with a protected landscape at a distance of 200 m in both directions from the water's edge

The Misida River is located in the central part of the Medynsky District. It flows mainly in an easterly direction and is a left tributary of the Niga River. The river is 15 km long and about 0.5-3.0 m wide.

In the upper reaches of the river, its floodplain is narrow and mostly forested. Near the Kremenskoye - Medyn highway, it flows along the floodplain black alder forest with numerous exits of springs, to which an unbogged spruce forest adjoins. South of the village. Ivanovskoe, high-grass meadows are noted, and along the river there are black alder forests, in places flooded by beavers. On the right bank there is a mixed forest, in which, along with spruce plantations, old-growth oaks, as well as Norway maple and heart-shaped linden are noted.

In the lower reaches, the Misida becomes wider. Its channel here strongly winds, there are small oxbow lakes, mostly overgrown, small key bogs and outcrops of springs. The meadow floodplain is dominated by the meadowsweet, and along its border and in the lower part of the valley slopes, there are gray alder forests. Above them are spruce forests with an admixture of birch, aspen and hazel, in some places entering the floodplain. Linden undergrowth is found, sometimes oaks are found.

The Rut River with a protected landscape at a distance of 300 m on both sides of the water's edge

The Rut River is located in the northeastern part of the Medynsky region. It is the right tributary of the Protva River, which flows into the Oka. The length of the river is 36 km,
within the boundaries of the Medynsky district - 8 km.

Above p. Egor'e river Rut is rather shallow, but in places with creeks about 2-3 m wide. Below the confluence of the Bychok River, the width of the river reaches 6-7 m, and in some places it reaches 10 m. The bottom is mainly clayey, in places it is stony. River depth on average -
50 cm, in some places - 1.0-1.5 m. The water in the river is clear, there are numerous floating pondweed, the egg-capsule is yellow and the head is simple. Along the coast, thickets of two-branch reed are noted.

In the valley of the Rut 'river, floodplain meadows are noted, the dominant species of which are stinging nettle and forest kupyr. In some places, areas of cereal-forb meadows with the dominance of meadow foxtail were revealed. The banks of the river are overgrown mainly with gray alder forests, in some places there are willows - three-stalked, white and brittle. The open slopes are very picturesque and practically undisturbed.

The Bychok River with a protected landscape at a distance of 300 m on both sides of the water's edge

The Bychok (Bychek) river is located in the northeastern part of the Medynsky district.
It flows mainly in the eastern direction and is the right tributary of the Rut 'River, which flows into the Protva River. The length of the Bychok river is 17 km, the width
in the upper reaches - about 1.0-1.5 m, below - 3-4 m.

The banks of the Bychok River are overgrown with black alder and willows - mostly brittle and white. The meadow floodplain is relatively wide (in some places - more than 100 m) and is represented mainly by cereal-forb meadows. It is adjoined by a mixed spruce-small-leaved, in some places spruce forest. There are numerous egg-pods in the river, but there are few pond-beds, since the reservoir is shallow and without dams.

The Niga River with a protected landscape at a distance of 200 m on both sides of the water's edge

The Niga River is located in the eastern part of the Medynsky District. It flows east and northeast and flows into the Luzha River. The river is 23 km long and the catchment area is 133 km 2.

In the valley of the Niga River above the village. Aduevo is marked by floodplain meadows, some of which are real grass meadows without signs of overgrowth and practically without weeds. Black alder and coastal willows grow in places along the coast.

In the village on the river there is a large pond, in the upper reaches partly overgrown with aquatic vegetation. Old willows and willows were found on its banks,
as well as coastal shrub willows and black currants.

There is a small river below the pond. Its valley, on average, does not exceed 100 m, and the width of the river itself is about 1 m. The water in the river is clean and transparent. The shores here are overgrown with individual coastal tall willows, gray and black alder, bird cherry. Numerous meadows are noted along the slopes of the valley.

Near the village. The river Devin is about 3-5 m wide. It is heavily dammed by beavers, and the water in it becomes muddy. On the slopes there are meadows, small birch forests and gray alder forests. A small fragment of a spruce forest with an admixture of aspen, birch and hazel was also revealed. On the right bank, 2 km south of the village. Devin, there are fields, and downstream the river comes a birch and spruce forest, in some places with oak and linden.

Medynka River with a protected landscape at a distance of 300 m on both sides of the water's edge

The Medynka River is a right tributary of the Sukhodrev River, which flows into the Shan River. Its length is 51 km, the catchment area is 264 km 2.

In the upper reaches, the Medynka river is rather shallow; in some places it has dried up, but areas where large deep backwaters have survived have also been noted. Below the village. Doshino, springs flow into it and beaver dams appear, which raise its level significantly, and it becomes more full-flowing. Below the town of Medyn, the river is heavily eutrophied and silted up. A pond near the village. Mikheevo was launched.

The river valley is partially plowed up - there are fields in the floodplain, in some places there are old deposits. The floodplain meadows are well preserved, but they are actively overgrown with shrubs. Among them, both fragments of low-grass meadows, which are quite diverse in vegetation, and high-grass meadows, dominated by stinging nettle, meadowsweet meadowsweet, common willow and forest bush, are noted.

The forest vegetation in the Medynka floodplain is represented by birch forests of warty birch, in some places - with individual oaks. Small gray alder forests are also noted. North of the village. Doshino found a damp birch forest from white birch. South of the village. Doshino and near the village. Ulanovo met a broad-leaved and spruce-broad-leaved forest, and above the village. Mikheevo - spruce plantings.

Peredelsky Park

Peredelskiy Park "is a park with landscape and regular planning, which was previously an integral part of the Batashevs' estate.

The old park is formed by picturesque old-growth lime and oak trees. There are almost no shrubs under their canopy and the general impression of free space is created, which is rarely preserved in parks without special care. The herbage consists of common forest and meadow grasses; synanthropic and ruderal species are very few, and they do not form thickets. In the center of the park there are abandoned swampy ditches, which earlier, apparently, formed a complex system of ponds or canals. Also in the park there is a section of a spruce alley, which is younger in age than the rest of the alleys, and individual trees of different species.

A total of 134 species have been identified in the flora of vascular plants in the park. Rare and endangered plants are absent on its territory. However, it is very picturesque and fits well with the surrounding landscape.

The fauna of the park is represented by 3 species of amphibians, 1 species of reptiles and 9 species of mammals, which are quite common for the region, as well as 45 species of birds, mainly of forest and forestry complexes.

The current state of the Peredelsky Park is assessed as satisfactory. It is distinguished by a fairly good preservation for the natural complexes of the Medynsky district and has a great recreational and historical value.

Meshchovsky district

Upper bog to the right and left of the Gavriki-Beklemishchevo road
in Meshchovsky district

The upland bog to the right and left of the Gavriki-Beklemishchevo road is predominantly of the upstream type. The Techa River, the right tributary of the Ugra River, starts from it.

The swamp massif consists of two sections, which are separated from each other by the Gavriki-Beklemishchevo road. To the south of the road there is a younger part of the raised bog - a rare birch forest with cotton grass, in some places - with individual low pines. Its marginal areas are more watered, and there is practically no tree vegetation on them, therefore they can be considered a transitional or even lowland part. To the north of the road, the swamp is a boggy pine forest with sphagnum and old tussocks of cotton grass, on which, fragmentarily and in small numbers, bog species have survived. Here we found common podbele, listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, as well as berry dwarf shrubs - marsh cranberries, bilberries and blueberries.

The raised bog to the right and left of the Gavriki-Beklemishchevo road is a rather rare occurrence for the Meshchovsky opolye and is important for the preservation of the biological diversity of the region.

Swamp to the left of the Gavriki-Podkopaevo road in Meshchovsky district

The swamp to the left of the Gavriki-Podkopaevo road belongs to the transitional type.
In its center there is a small lake, from which the Krapivenka river starts.

The ecosystem of the bog massif as a whole is not disturbed. The southern and western parts of the water body are covered with thickets of rugged willow, while the eastern and northern parts are boggy meadows. The open part of the bog (lake) is heavily overgrown with macrophytic vegetation, and its coast is surrounded by a raft, in places joining with coastal aquatic plant species. Remarkable finds here are narrow-leaved cattail, which is confined to the Oka river valley and large ponds and is rarely recorded in small water bodies, and the three-incised bedstraw, a rather rare species that grows on sedge hummocks along the edge of the rafters. In the lake, there were found brilliant pondweed, floating pondweed, combed pondweed and hairy pondweed, as well as an adventive (invasive) species - Canadian elodea, which is dominant in some places. The meadows are marked with grasses typical of damp meadows. Of the rare and endangered species listed in the Red Data Book of the Kaluga Region, the marsh marsh, pemphigus, common pondweed, common viper and wild bat and Natusius' bat were identified in the swamp.

The swamp to the left of the Gavriki-Podkopaevo road in the Meshchovsky district is a valuable, practically undisturbed natural complex and is important for the preservation of the biological diversity of the region.

Estate "Shalovo"

The park complex of the Shalovo estate was created in the late 18th - early 19th centuries and combined the features of regular and landscape garden and park ensembles. Currently, the original structure of the park has been lost. Only near the pond (on the north side) are fragments with old-growth lindens and individual oaks preserved. The forest stand of the park also contains Norway maple and Scots pine. The undergrowth is dominated by Norway maple, English oak, heart-shaped linden and common mountain ash are found. The undergrowth is mainly formed by common hazel with the participation of brittle buckthorn, forest honeysuckle and warty euonymus. The herbaceous layer is dominated by common willow, there are giant fescue, loosestrife, musk strawberry, oak grass bluegrass, fragrant bush, forest bush, yellow zelenchuk, hairy sedge and other species.

The current state of the Shalovo estate is generally assessed as unsatisfactory. The park is heavily overgrown. Most of the old-growth trees have fallen out, and the surviving trees have various external defects, frost cracks, hollows and rot. The fruit garden has been lost. The pond on the left bank of the large pond is lowered. Residents and visiting summer residents actively use the territory of the estate as a resting place, for picking wild berries, mushrooms, etc.

"Cedar plantations"

"Cedar plantations" represent the plantings of Siberian pine or Siberian cedar from 1958-1959.

In the Kaluga region, Siberian pine is an exotic plant that grows only with artificial afforestation. The density of tree crowns on the territory of the natural monument reaches 80%, the age is up to 55 years, the largest diameter of the trunks at a height of 1.5 m from the ground is 35 cm. Goat willow, common hazel and mountain ash grow in the underbrush. The herbaceous cover is represented by a small wintergreen, a tenacious creeping, an ordinary odor, ivy-shaped budra, a medicinal letter, a meadowsweet, a forest geranium and other species.

The level of biological diversity of stone pine forests is low. In the flora of vascular plants, only 27 species have been identified that are characteristic of the coniferous forests of the Kaluga region. The fauna of the forest is represented by 14 species of invertebrates, 2 species of amphibians, 16 species of birds and 11 species of mammals. There are no rare and endangered flora and fauna objects on the territory of the natural monument.

The state of the "Cedar plantations" is generally assessed as satisfactory. However, at present, there is a natural thinning of the stand, which is expressed in a large percentage of drying out specimens of Siberian pine.

Borovsk district

Park of the estate of the artist Pryanishnikov

The park of the estate of the artist Pryanishnikov is the remains of a regular and landscape parks with ponds, founded in the second half of the 18th century
A.S. Boltin.

The parks are landscaped and gradually transform into a natural forest. They have preserved in excellent condition linden alleys leading to a cascade of ponds and a stream. On the territory of the landscape park, individual Siberian larch trees, 400-450 years old, have been noted.

City forest in Borovsk

Borovsk city forest is a site of the oldest coniferous forests on the territory of Borovsk and a number of adjacent districts of Kaluga and Moscow regions, which is part of the historical landscape of Borovsk. The main forest-forming species of the forest is pine at the age of 160-170 years I-II bonitet in good condition with spruce undergrowth. In addition to conifers, deciduous trees and shrubs grow here, as well as herbaceous plants typical for the flora of Central Russia. There are berry bushes - blueberries and raspberries.

In addition to its educational value, the forest area is distinguished by a picturesque hilly landscape, unusual for the surrounding area, adjacent to the Protva river valley, which makes the entire natural complex especially attractive.

Park and garden of Pafnutyev-Borovsky monastery

The Park and Garden of the Pafnutyev-Borovsky Monastery is a picturesque park with a cascade of ponds and a holy spring on the banks of the river. Hysteria near the Pafnutyev-Borovsky Monastery.

The park has preserved irregular plantings of linden, Norway maple, elm and willow, as well as a pine park with alleys, connected to the surrounding woodlands.

Park and garden of the Satino estate

The park and garden of the Satino estate represent great interest as an example of a park and economic estate of the 18th century. It contains on-farm alleys of linden and elm trees and fragments of a regular linden park. Fragments of alleys made of elms, oaks and lindens remained from the landscape part of the estate.

Most of the regular and landscape parks are located on the territory of the MSU field base, and the southern part of the estate is almost entirely occupied by summer cottages.

VNIIFBi P park

The park is located on the left bank of the Protva River in the northern part of Borovsk. Judging by the age of the trees that make up the oldest, most valuable part of the park, it was founded in the middle of the 19th century. This is a characteristic manor park, consisting of regular and landscape parts, connected by a wide linden alley (lindens are 180-200 years old). Two larches grow on its territory, which are more than 150 years old.

At present, the territory of the park is partially built up, the paths are asphalted, later planting of trees and bushes was carried out, benches and trash cans were installed.

Spas-Demensky district

Bolshoye Naryshkinskoe bog

The high bog "Bolshoye Naryshkinskoe" is located on the watershed of the rivers of the Oka and Dnieper basins. It is of great hydrological importance for small rivers and streams, feeding them. The swamp is pine-sphagnum-dwarf shrub-forest. Its surface is covered with a continuous carpet of sphagnum and green mosses, on which shrubs are abundantly developed - whitewash, heather, wild rosemary, blueberry, lingonberry and cranberry.

The swamp is one of the largest raised bogs in the Kaluga region, the largest and most valuable habitat for bird species of the boreal fauna, which have a limited distribution in the region.

The current state of the bog complex is generally assessed as good. It is practically not disturbed by human activity and is an example of an intact raised bog in the zone of coniferous-deciduous forests.

Riding bog Knyazev Mokh

The Knyazev Mokh swamp on most of its territory burned out in 2010-2011. In some places, even a sphagnum cover has not survived on it, and it is covered with polytrichous mosses and the remains of burnt cotton grass.

At present, the territory of the swamp is covered with young shoots of downy birch and willow, less often warty birch and in a lesser abundance of aspen, along the wetter edge - with cattail. In the southern part of the massif near the highway, in some places the skeletons of burnt trunks of birches and pines have been preserved, and among them are low-burnt areas, where marsh shrubs are found in small numbers - Marsh Ledum, Marsh Cranberry and Golubika. On the transitional unburnt fragments of the bog, two rare species in the region were found - Two-rowed sedge and Lappish willow.

Iznoskovsky district

Swamp Agafyinskoe

The Agafyinskoe bog is a high-type bog that has well preserved its morphology, diverse bog vegetation and adjacent glacial landscapes of the moraine-outwash gently hilly plain. There is no arboreal vegetation in the bog, but cranberry lands are significant. In the center of the marsh massif, sphagnum and green mosses dominate; marsh sedge, podbelo, heather, marsh wild rosemary and lingonberry are found; On the edge of the bog, common reed, marsh calla, broadleaf cattail, as well as medicinal plants - three-leafed watch and marsh cinquefoil were found.

Swamp "Zubovskoe"

The Zubovskoe bog is a sphagnum pine forest with birch, in some places blueberry, in some places with cotton grass. In the central undisturbed part of the massif, extensive thickets of blueberries are noted. Typical rare marsh plants grow here in small numbers - common podbeel and common hamedaphna, as well as marsh cranberries, which are not uncommon in the region. The medicinal marsh wild rosemary is abundant in the bog; marsh blueberries and lingonberries are numerous. A number of marsh sedges have also been identified, and in the vicinity of the massif a western species of cereal was found - soft bukharnik.

Swamp "Sigovskoe"

The Sigovskoe bog is a high-type bog that has well preserved its natural environment and the adjacent glacial landscapes of the moraine-outwash gently hilly plain. Before reclamation works, it was an overgrown glacial lake. At present, thanks to a colony of beavers that settled in the swamp, the drainage ditch was blocked by a dam of large trees and bushes, the water level has recovered, and open bodies of water have appeared.

Most of the bog is overgrown with small birch forests and vaginal cotton grass. Typical species of the sphagnum bog (cranberry, blueberry, hamedaphna vulgaris, marsh sedges) were recorded only along the eastern edge. A small water mirror with muddy shores and a raft along the edge has survived, where thickets of aquatic plants (floating pondweed, Canadian elodea, etc.) are developed. A wide variety of liver mosses was found along the drying up banks and near the stream. Of the rare and endangered flora objects in the Sigovskoye bog, the white frit, common hamedaphne and pemphigus are noted.

The land of the state farm "Semenovsky"

The grounds of the "Semenovsky" state farm are forest lands, swamps, the Zhelonya River and numerous streams, characterized by a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. There are large tracts of cranberries, medicinal plants and plant communities from the Ice Age. The banks of the river and streams are abundantly overgrown with willows, raspberries, elderberries and other shrubs. In the forests, spruce, pine, birch, oak, aspen, alder, bird cherry and other species grow. Perch, roach, chub, gudgeon, pike, ruff, etc. are found in the river. Among the representatives of the animal world, beaver, muskrat, otter, elk, wild boar, roe deer, marten, squirrel, mink, polecat, raccoon dog, badger, lynx, bear, wolf, hare, fox are noted. Birds are very numerous.

Hill "Shatrishchi"

Hill "Shatrishchi" - a kame formation of the melting times of the late stage of development of the Moscow glacier. The kam has well preserved its original form, classical for this type of geomorphological objects. Visually "Shat-Gora" is perceived as a real mountain creature. At its top there is an Old Believer cemetery, at the foot - the remains of ancient developments stone material the times of the stone age.

Maloyaroslavets district

Park "Island"

The Ostrov Park is a natural complex located on the large island of the Sukhodrev River and has well preserved various biocenoses.

It is a mixed forest surrounded by floodplain meadows. The main type of forest vegetation in the park is pine plantations of various types. The stand of the most common type of forest phytocenoses - herb pine forest - is formed by Scots pine aged 90 years or more with an admixture of birch and aspen. Rare undergrowth is represented by birch and aspen. In a well-developed layer of shrubs, common raspberries, common mountain ash, common bird cherry and common honeysuckle are noted. In the herb-dwarf shrub layer, wild strawberries, monkey loosestrife, drupe, female cochinacea, Veronica dubravnaya, Onega hawk, sheep fescue, and other species were identified.

Meadow vegetation is represented mainly by grasses and cereal-forb groupings. The basis of the grass cover here is formed by meadow fescue, creeping wheatgrass, common yarrow, common cuff, awnless rump and caustic buttercup.

The fauna of the park is well preserved and representative for the natural communities of the Maloyaroslavets district. In the park "Ostrov" 61 species of birds of the forest complex nest, presumably nest or visit the territory. It contains 14 species of mammals, including the common fox, the European mole, the white hare and the common squirrel.

Park "Ostrov" is a favorite place for recreation of the population of the village. Detchino. It has a well-developed road and track network. On its territory there are places for recreation, a football field, jogging tracks and ski trails. The park also has non-timber forest resources suitable for development.

Park "Dubki"

Park "Dubki" is located in the northeastern part of Maloyaroslavets, on the right near-watershed root slope of the Luzhi River. It appeared about 100 years ago, and to date, both relatively closed stands of this age and individual old trees among the younger ones have been partially preserved in it.

The park has a free layout and consists of many more or less open spaces of different-sized lawns. The spaces formed by oak tapeworms, groups and groves flow freely into one another and carry the visitor along softly traced dirt paths. The main entrance to the park is from the east, from the city center. The entrance path forks in it, and the next two go around a large lawn, around which oak trees are planted in rows. Further, the northern path forks into several small paths that go down the slope and are connected by a path that runs along the stream. As you move from the main entrance, the landscapes - countless variations of tree species with dark trunks and rounded crowns against the backdrop of light open or closed lawns - become more intimate, but are complemented by distant views of the Luga River valley.

Park "Dubki" is a rare example of an urban landscape oak park of the late 19th century, a valuable part of the urban environment and has a special cultural, aesthetic, recreational and recreational value for the residents of Maloyaroslavets district.

Duminichsky district

Pinery

Pine forest is a pine plantation with a rare admixture of birch, aspen, mountain ash and willow, located on a sandy dune hill on the left bank of the river. Bryn south of the village. Duminichi.

The vegetation of the forest area is represented by various types of pine forests: bracken, birch-aspen lily of the valley and forbs, green moss (cowberry, bilberry, sphagnum), as well as aspen birch, swampy black alder, young aspen, spruce (sorrel and zelenchuk) and vegetation in meadow edges dry land. However, the predominant type of communities in it are green moss pine forests with very rare, individual oaks. Along the bank of the Bryn River, single old-growth oaks are observed.

The pine forest has a huge impact on the ecological state of natural complexes, performing such bioecological functions as regulation and filtration of water runoff, prevention of soil erosion, preservation of biological diversity, enrichment of the atmosphere with oxygen and absorption of carbon, influence on climate formation and prevention of air pollution. It is a valuable habitat for a large number of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna, including those listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and (or) the Red Data Book of the Kaluga Region.

Oak groves in the floodplain of the river. Zhizdry

Oak groves in the floodplain of the river. Zhizdra are rare natural communities of deciduous forests in the Kaluga Region, formed in the valley of the Zhizdra River. They include sparse meadow-edging light oak forests and "dark oak forests". The age of oak trees ranges from 200 to 70 years. There are practically no young oaks (20 to 70 years old), but there is abundant undergrowth. In oak forests, remote from the river, the stand is more closed, there are other broad-leaved and coniferous species.

Floodplain oak forests are a valuable habitat (growth) of a large number of rare and endangered species, including those listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region. European euonymus, marsh turkey, swallow's wort, hairy St. John's wort, Siberian iris (iris), lilac hawk moth, reddish moth, raspberry moth, small order ribbon, diamine checker, changeable bumblebee, mossy bumblebee, black-headed gadget and other types. A Russian desman, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, was found in ancient lakes in oak forests.

Coniferous plantations

Coniferous plantations are located near the village. Dubrovka, Duminichsky district, and represent a relatively small area of ​​clean spruce plantings, in some places - strongly thickened. In the sparse undergrowth, common hazel, warty euonymus, brittle buckthorn, forest honeysuckle and other species are noted here. The undergrowth consists mainly of deciduous trees - linden, oak, sycamore maple, warty birch and smooth elm. In damp places, near the brook and near the ditches of the road, ash willow, bird cherry and black alder grow.

The current state of the forest area is assessed as unsatisfactory. A significant number of spruce stands died in 2013-2015 as a result of damage by a bark beetle-typographer. Sanitary and recreational activities and reforestation work are being carried out.

Tarusa region

The Pesochnya river bank is a picturesque landscape of the Pesochnya river valley, on the slopes of which mixed forests grow, where M.I. Tsvetaeva.

Park with. Baryatino

The first information about the estate dates back to the 18th century. Then this village was called Ilyinskoe and belonged to Prince A.M. Golitsyn. There was a house with outbuildings and an orchard in it. In 1827 the estate passed to Prince D.S. Gorchakov, who in the middle of the 19th century built a new house and the Assumption Church, created a park.

The park consisted of regular and landscape parts. There were planted spruces, lindens, pyramidal poplars, oaks and willows, as well as introduced plants - larch, cedar, Weymouth pines, Tatar maples and fir. The park also had a system of ponds with islands and separate on-farm alleys.

Currently, the park is in a badly neglected state. The road and path network has been lost. The southern spruce alley has thinned out a lot. The ponds were drained.

Park with. Baryatino, despite its neglect, is an excellent example of a manor park mixed type, widespread in the era of classicism, and has great historical, aesthetic and environmental significance.

Park with. Ascension

The manor complex was formed at the end of the 18th century and belonged to the wealthy Kaluga landowner S.A. Chaplin. It contained the Church of the Ascension, a manor house, a stud farm, two orchards, two ponds and a regular park.

At present, fragments of the park and the remains of dams from cascade ponds have been preserved from the entire ensemble.

Park with. Ilyinskoe

The manor park that belonged to the princes Khilkov, judging by the age of the trees, was founded in the late 18th - early 19th centuries. This is a classic landscape park, where there is not a single straight alley. The trees in it are planted in beautiful picturesque groups, each of which is carefully selected according to the composition of the rocks. The stand includes lindens, poplars, pines and elms.

The current state of the park with. Ilyinskoe is assessed as unsatisfactory. Fruit orchards have been lost. Most of the alleys and paths of the park have not survived.

Bank of the river Tarusa section "Ilyinsky pool"

The bank of the Tarusa river, the "Ilyinsky pool" section, is a picturesque section of the Tarusa river valley, described by K.G. Paustovsky in the story "Ilyinsky pool".

Park with. Istomino

The manor complex was formed in the 18th century. The park was founded at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries on the high slope of the right bank of the Tarusa River. It consists of a regular part and a heavily overgrown landscape part. The forest stand of the park is dominated by lindens and elms over 200 years old, there are old aspens, birches, ash, poplar, rakita and mountain ash (150-200 years old).

Currently, the park has been launched, its parterre is planted with fruit trees. The large "prolific" garden adjoining the landscape park on the east side has not survived. The road and path network and some alleys have been lost.

Park with. Ladyzhino

At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries in the village. Ladyzhino was a two-story wooden house that belonged to the Marquis Maria Lvovna Komponari. It was surrounded by a park in which lindens, spruces, jasmine and lilacs grew. At the beginning of the 20th century, the poet Konstantin Balmont and the writer Alexei Tolstoy were here.

Currently in the village. Ladyzhino, small fragments of a linden park have been preserved.

Park with. Pochuevo

The estate is located on the southwestern outskirts of the village, in the upper, gentle part of the northern slope, descending to the Pesochna River. The park, with an area of ​​about 1.5 hectares, is close to a rectangle in plan. Along its southern border there is a row of lindens more than 100 years old, behind which a ditch, possibly a former boundary ditch, has been dug. Rows of lime trees also run along the eastern and western borders, but younger ones - 60-70 years old. In the eastern part of the park there is a ravine, in the upper reaches of which a dam has been built to support a small pond. Several hundred-year-old lindens grow along its banks. The rest open space The park is occupied by a clearing, in the north-western corner of which there is a dilapidated well.

Park with. Trubetskoye

Park with. Trubetskoye is the remains of an old orchard, lined with squares of lindens, and a small landscape park with ponds on the site of a former estate.

Estate park with. Sivtsevo

The village of Sivtsevo (Sivtsovo) in the 18th century was in the possession of the ancient noble family of the Sumarokovs. The manor was mainly formed, judging by its history and stylistic features of the ensemble, in the third quarter of the 18th century. By 1767, it had already acquired the borders and basic planning features that have survived to this day. It had a manor's wooden house and two ponds. Obviously, the park had already been laid out then.

The park consists of regular and landscape parts. The regular part is a chamber linden garden with straight alleys and rows of 100-200 year old trees. The landscape part of the park is very spacious. In it, a parterre descends from the main house down the slope, which forms a linden grove with sparsely planted trees from the side of the ravine. On the border of it and the parterre, there is a viewing platform on a hill. On the other hand, the parterre is formed by a number of acacia trees, individual lindens and late maples, spruces and birches. Old oaks, pines and willows also grow in the park.

Currently, the park is overgrown in places, many old trees have fallen out, the composition of the regular parts of the park has been disrupted. The road and path network was erased, new paths appeared. Small architectural forms, the design of the entrances to the estate, orchard and berry fields have been lost. A spruce alley has been planted on the parterre along the southwestern facade of the house. The bridge across the Dryascha River, the southern entrance to the estate, has not survived.

Ferzikovsky district

Forest area "Bor"

Forest area "Bor" is a forest area, the main forest-forming species of which are Scots pine with an admixture of pedunculate oak, birch and aspen. Hazel, buckthorn, mountain ash and linden grow in its undergrowth. There is no undergrowth. In the ground cover, which is not very diverse, representatives of the Cereals family predominate.

The forest area is a valuable habitat (growth) of a large number of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna, including those listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region.

Kirovsky district

Riding bog Berezhkovskoe

The Berezhkovskoe bog is a high-type bog in the zone of landscapes of alluvial-water-glacial origin of the late stage of development of the Moscow glacier. Its surface is covered with small forests of pine and birch, and wild rosemary and cranberry are widely developed in the herbaceous cover.

The swamp massif consists of the three most swampy areas, united by swampy forests into a single circular hydrological system. The western part of the peat deposit was partially worked out in the last century. Open reservoirs in the waste space are currently of certain interest from the point of view of restoring the biodiversity of disturbed areas of the bog. The eastern and southern parts do not have any special hydrological disturbances, since the swamp is drainless and retains its hydrological regime well.

The Berezhkovskoe bog is a valuable habitat (growth) of a large number of rare and endangered flora and fauna objects, a key ornithological territory of Russia of the local rank "Faience peat mining". It is very picturesque and has a special aesthetic, recreational and scientific value.

Riding bog Prince Mokh

The Knyaz Mokh bog is a typical raised bog with characteristic pine-cotton grass and pine-sphagnum associations. On the edge of it, there are transitional areas with willows, and in the western part - typical ridge-hollow areas, areas of pine forests with sphagnum and cranberries, pine forests with wild rosemary and other plant communities. Apparently, some areas in the eastern part of the bog were previously covered by forest fires, since there are no typical bog shrubs and sundews. In general, the bog complex is characterized by a small abundance of species, but this is typical of intact and homogeneous sphagnum bogs.

The raised bog Knyaz Mokh is an undisturbed sphagnum bog, an important habitat (growth) of rare and endangered flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, as well as resource-valuable berry bushes and medicinal plants.

Obninsk

Dacha "Bugry"

Dacha "Bugry" or "Konchalovsky forest" is a coniferous-deciduous forest with plantings of introduced species. In its western part, spruce forest prevails, in which the shrub layer is practically not expressed, and the grass cover is depressed or typical for spruce forests. The eastern part of the massif is occupied by a broad-leaved forest, the stand of which is dominated by old pines and spruce with an admixture of aspen and birch. There are also small areas of aspen in the forest. On its northern border, there is a small birch grove.

In the southern part of the forest there is the estate of the famous artist P.P. Konchalovsky, known as "Bugry".

The level of biological diversity of the natural monument is assessed as high. A total of 234 species of vascular plants, 54 species of birds and 7 species of mammals have been recorded here. Of the rare and endangered flora objects in the forest, Lunnik reviving, listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, is noted.

Natural objects of particular value for the region have not been noted in the specially protected natural area. In fact, the dacha "Bugry" is a green zone of the city of Obninsk and is used by the population for recreational purposes.

"Lower Park"

"Lower Park" is a forest area located on the southwestern outskirts of Obninsk. Its southern part is represented by an old spruce forest, in the undergrowth of which hazel, warty euonymus, mountain ash, forest honeysuckle prevail, in the grass layer - oxalis, European hoof and other species. As the relief increases, the spruce forest turns into an old pine forest with tall pines up to 30 meters high.

In the central part of the massif there are two deep ravines, along the bottom of one of which there is a stream known as "Repinka". Their slopes are overgrown with aspen, birch with an admixture of oak, linden and elm. In the undergrowth, Hazelnut prevails, in the herbaceous layer - Medunitsa unclear, Hairy sedge, Zelenchuk yellow, Male dwarf and other species.

In the western part of the Lower Park there is a birch grove. The age of the birches here exceeds 70 years, the diameter of the trunks is 50-60 cm. There is practically no undergrowth and undergrowth in the grove due to the high level of anthropogenic impact.

The level of biological diversity of the natural monument is assessed as average. A total of 145 species of vascular plants, 40 species of birds and 7 species of mammals have been recorded here. Rare and endangered species in the forest are not registered.

"Lower Park" is a favorite vacation spot for local residents.

Przemysl region

Pine forests on the dunes

“Pine forests on dunes” is a sparse herb-lichen-green moss pine forest with rare undergrowth of birch, pine and oak, located on a terraced area between the Oka and Zhelovi rivers, within the ancient valley complex of the Oka river. The undergrowth in it is poorly developed and is represented mainly by the Russian Broom, Common Juniper, European Euonymus and Rowan ordinary. In a sparse grass-shrub layer grow Orlyak ordinary, Wild strawberry, Whitebeard sticking out, Ortilia one-sided, Veronica officinalis, Round-leaved bell, Bluegrass oakgrass, Hairy gum, Wilted barley, Common sorrel, Violet tricolor, Sheep violet, Amazing Violet sheep, small rattle and other types. Typical taiga species were also noted, such as Bilberry, Common lingonberry and Double-leaved, and plants from the nemoral suite - May Lily of the Valley and Kupena officinalis. Common Heather is common.

"Pine forests on the dunes" are of exceptional value for the conservation of biological diversity, and the presence of dune formations with a height of 2-3 to 5-7 m within the ancient valley complex of the Oka River, and on the western side of the site (Oka floodplain) - 12-15 meters , make them unique for the Kaluga region.

A fresh water source near the village of Gremyachevo

Keys on the radical right slope of the river. The Oki are connected with the Aleksinsky and Tarussko-Mikhailovsky aquifers. Most of them have a specific flow rate of no more than 1-2 l / s. In the eastern part of the slope, not far from the Assumption Monastery, there is a spring with a flow rate of more than 10 l / s. All sources are top-down. The waters in them are hydrocarbonate-calcium, hard.

The botanical composition of the herbaceous cover in the vicinity of the springs is the same, but the density of herbaceous vegetation in the areas of tuff development is higher. In places of massive outcrops to the surface of groundwater, thickets of black alder and sticky alder are observed. The lower part of the slope (the coastal strip of the Oka River) is completely swampy and overgrown with shrubs and marsh vegetation.

Fresh water source near the village of Bragino

In the vicinity of the village of Bragino, there is a well-preserved natural erosional relief with many springs, natural outcrops of rocks from the Aleksin and Mikhailov horizons of the Lower Carboniferous. Erosional slopes are covered with woody, shrub and various herbal vegetation. Due to the abundance of springs, the lower part of the river canyon in winter time does not freeze, and the grass cover remains green. Sources of fresh groundwater are descending, high flow rates. The water in them is hydrocarbonate-calcium, hard, low-iron.

Park with. Akhlebinino

Park with. Akhlebinino is a manor park located on the right bank of the river. Oka, 0.5 km from the Kaluga-Tula highway.

Park with. Akhlebinino is part of the "Akhlebinino" estate and is included in the boundaries of the object cultural heritage of regional significance "Estate" Akhlebinino "(fragments): the main house (fragments) with a grotto, underground passages and retaining terraces, a western wing, a chapel, a park (fragments)."

At present, a system of on-farm alleys has been preserved on the territory of the park, in the stand of which lindens, spruces and larch trees predominate.

Dzerzhinsky district

A group of ascending springs on the Veprika river

The group of ascending springs on the Veprika River is a unique, ecologically, scientifically, aesthetic and recreationally valuable natural complex, consisting of a water source and the surrounding natural landscape.

The water source is a group dispersed on an area of ​​1 hectare outlet of groundwater of an ascending type in the form of numerous seething griffins. Groundwater discharge occurs from the confined Venevsko-Tarusa horizon near the border of its pinching out. The water-bearing rocks are fractured limestones of the Tarusa and Venev stratigraphic horizons of the lower section of the Carboniferous system. In the bedding of rock layers, due to the location of the terrain in the inner part of the Kaluga ring structure, there is a sharp rise and fall with an amplitude of up to 200 m and an angle of incidence up to 11 °, which creates a head of groundwater.

The spring water is hydrocarbonate-calcium with a dry residue of 0.3 g / l and a total hardness of 5 meq., Practically does not contain iron. The flow rate of the main reservoir with six griffins is approximately 13-15 l / sec.

Groundwater outlets are surrounded by a damp floodplain meadow, which, like the Veprika river bed, is partially overgrown with bushes. Above the springs on the right bank of the Veprika there are open slopes with meadow vegetation, on the left there is a pine-green moss forest.

The level of biological diversity of the specially protected natural area is high. In total, 357 species of vascular plants were recorded here, among which 6 (Keleria large, Baltic Palchatokorennik, Bloody Palchatokorennik, Young shoots, Zimolyubka Umbrella, Hemp Bush) are listed in the Red Book of Kaluga Region, 2 species of amphibians, 1 species of reptiles and 2 species of mammals.

Sacred lake

Lake Svyatoe is a lake of glacial origin with a pronounced glacial ridge of loam. It is the source of the Putynka River, a tributary of the Sukhodrev. The lake is fed by atmospheric precipitation and groundwater from the Quaternary and Miocene aquifers. At the bottom there are deposits of sapropel belonging to the therapeutic mud of the Moltaev type.

Lake Svyatoe and its surrounding landscapes are a valuable habitat for a large number of rare and endangered flora and fauna, including those listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and (or) the Red Book of the Kaluga Region: Swamp Sheikhceria, Rdesta Longest, English Rosyanka , Round-leaved sundew, Grass head, Marsh sedge, Graceful fluffy, Baltic palchatka, Obovate sundew, Small pemphigus, Osprey, etc.

City forest of Kondrovo

The city forest is located within the city of Kondrovo on the right bank of the Shani River.

90% of it consists of pine and spruce stands with an admixture of birch and aspen of high bonitet.

The main age of the stand is 100 years, but there are areas with young pine plantations in clearings. On the territory of the pine forest, various types of forest characteristic of the central region of the subzone of mixed forests are noted: lichen pine forest (on dry sandy loam soils typical of taiga forests), green moss spruce forest (on fresh soddy-podzolic gray forest soils) and sphagnum spruce forest (in low places ) with a predominance of sphagnum moss in the ground cover. Its undergrowth is rich in red mountain ash, hazel, warty euonymus, buckthorn. The herbaceous ground cover is diverse: primroses are abundant in spring - buttercup anemone, lungwort, and blueberry, in summer - hoof, starwort, minik, two-leaved lyubka, orchis and other plants.

The forest is rich in berries - blueberries, strawberries and raspberries, as well as nuts and mushrooms.

The current state of the massif is assessed as unsatisfactory. A significant part of the spruce stands are damaged by the bark beetle and root sponge. Old and fresh dead wood and windfall are present. It is required to carry out sanitary and recreational measures (sanitary felling and cleaning up from debris).

Forest area "Galkinsky forest"

The forest area "Galkinsky Les" is the standard of mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of the European part of Russia.

The composition of the plantings is mixed (40% spruce, 30% pine, 20% aspen, 10% birch and an admixture of oak). The forest is mostly ripe and ripening, medium-bodied, high bonitet. In a well-developed undergrowth, buckthorn brittle, mountain ash, hazel and honeysuckle predominate, in the ground cover - strawberries, blueberries, oxalis, lungwort, European decanthus, lingonberry, two-leaved hedgehog, Veronica officinalis, ferns, green mosses and lichens. Both rare and endangered plant species have been noted. The forest is home to a variety of fauna. Here you can find elk, deer, wild boar, roe deer, hare, fox, badger, marten, squirrel, among birds - wood grouse, black grouse, ducks, snipe, hazel grouse and other species.

The forest area "Galkinsky Les" is partly included in the boundaries of the national park "Ugra".

Transition swamp

"Transitional bog" is a bog of a transitional type with open water saucers, which has well preserved its morphology and biocenoses. It is rich in bog cranberries. Here you can find white water lily, false calla, frog water color and other plant species. Mallard ducks and whistle teals nest in the swamp.

Wide meadows

“Wide meadows” are natural meadows within a large forest area with rich and varied vegetation, from which an unnamed stream originates. Black alder thickets are noted along the stream bed, in the area of ​​strong waterlogging. On the meadows, there are individual trees of pedunculate oak, white birch and warty birch, quivering poplar, and European spruce. The species composition of shrubs is diverse, but the predominant species is willow. In the central part of the northern meadows, a bog was noted, overgrown with narrow-leaved cattail. Rare and endangered plants grow in the meadows, including those listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region.

Peat bogs (swamp dremlik)

Peat bogs are located near the village. Shenyano-Sloboda. They represent a very swampy area of ​​the forest, the main forest-forming species in which are black alder and birch. Along the bank of a stream flowing along it, there is a marsh dremlik, which is listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region.

Park in the town of Kondrovo

The park of the town of Kondrovo is a natural mixed forest preserved within the city limits on the banks of the Shani River. It plays the role of a green zone between the Kondrovskaya paper company and the Troitskaya paper mill, being a kind of environmental buffer and the only "green spot" in the industrial zone of the city of Kondrovo. In the forest, spontaneous walking paths are observed. No man-made alleys were found within its boundaries. At the beginning of the 20th century, lindens were planted between the natural forest and the building of the pedagogical school according to the alley principle, and in front of the building of the school a parterre was laid out with spruce, ash, poplar and thuja. The park is actively used by local residents as a recreation area.

Estate park in Gorbenki village

The park of the estate in the village of Gorbenki is a park on the site of the former estate of the merchants Shaposhnikovs, in which the system of on-farm alleys of lindens and pyramidal poplars has been partially preserved. The current state of the park is assessed as unsatisfactory. There are many dead and windfall trees in it, requiring sanitary and recreational activities.

Spring key near the village Makivtsi

The spring spring near the village of Makovtsy is a descending source of fresh water with a specific flow rate of 0.3-0.5 l / s. The chemical composition of the water in it is weak. The key is buried in a metal pipe and equipped. The entrance is good, there is a parking lot.

Spring key near the village of Ogarevo

The spring key near the village of Ogarevo is a descending fresh water source with a specific flow rate of 0.2-0.3 l / s, located on the banks of the Medynka River. The water quality is good. The key is trapped with a pipe. Local residents use water from it.

Key source in the village of Tovarkovo

The spring spring in the village of Tovarkovo is an ascending source of fresh water located in the floodplain of the Shani River. The source has not been captured, but an approach has been arranged to it. Local residents do not currently use the water from the spring, as there is a large industrial enterprise next to it.

Spring key in Kondrovo

The spring key in the town of Kondrovo is a descending source of fresh water in the coastal strip of the Shani River. Captured with a metal pipe. Water from the source is used by the population for drinking and household purposes.

Spring key at the Kondrovo-Nikolskoye highway

The spring key near the Kondrovo-Nikolskoye motorway is an artificially created source of fresh water. The spring is equipped - there is a wooden blockhouse. There is a good entrance to it, a shop is installed. Previously, local residents used the water from the source. Currently, the water is stagnant.

Grove and garden of the village of Galkino

The grove and the garden are located on the territory of the village. Galkino, Dzerzhinsky district. The grove consists of oaks and lindens over 200 years old, the park - of lindens and firs 150-160 years old with an admixture of pines and oaks over 200 years old.

The layout of the park is regular, symmetrical in relation to the central alley. In the southern part, the cruciform paths form rectangular bosquets; in the northern part, the star-shaped layout of the paths lined with lindens is visible. Pines and oaks are not included in the park's layout. Next to it, the foundations of buildings can be traced and there are old lilac bushes and a small pond, now heavily overgrown.

The grass cover is natural, mainly from cereals, with a large proportion of weeds.

Park with. Begichevo

Park with. Begichevo is located on the territory of one of the old estates of the Kaluga province, which was owned by the Begichevs, Tolstoy, Smirnov, and Trubetskoy princes since the 15th century. It has preserved a system of alleys, planting of linden, birch and poplars. The landscape part of the park consists of oak forests, as well as birch and aspen stands with hazel undergrowth.

Park v. Zheleztsovo

The village of Zheleztsevo, Dzerzhinsky District, is a former estate of the ancient family of the Turgenevs - noblemen who trace their ancestry since the time of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. The manor park is located between two ravines, along the bottom of which streams flow. Natural natural conditions made it possible to create a system of ponds here. In the regular part of the park, there are linden alleys (trees are 200-250 years old). The garden adjoining the regular part has been lost.

Spring key "St. Tikhon"

The spring spring "St. Tikhon" is a unique spring on the banks of the Veprika River, consisting of several ascending springs of the Protvinsky aquifer. Their waters are low-pressure, hydrocarbonate-calcium, slightly hard.

The source is a place of pilgrimage for believers.

Oak 300 years old in the village. Leo Tolstoy is an English oak with a height of more than 30 meters, a trunk circumference of 4 meters, a trunk diameter of 127 centimeters and an age of 300 years.

Khvastovichi district

Penevichskoe reservoir

The Penevichskoe reservoir was built on the river. Katagoscha (left tributary of the Resseta). The shores are mostly open, in the upper part of the pond are partially overgrown with bushes, woody vegetation is just beginning to appear, along the shores there are fallows and meadows. The reservoir has extensive shallow waters, while the drain from the dam is weak (stream), so the water “blooms” due to the strong reproduction of cyanobacteria and has an unpleasant odor.

The reservoir is a stopover for waterfowl and water birds. The number of birds in clusters during the spring migration reaches several dozen specimens. The reservoir is part of the key ornithological territory of Russia "Mesopotamia of Lovatyanka and Sukremenya" of federal rank.

Slobodskoe reservoir

Slobodskoye Reservoir is a shallow pond formed on the Lokhova River, blocked by a dam. On the east coast there is a deposit, currently being developed for summer cottages, on the west - a boggy meadow, where rare plant species for the region are noted. The aquatic flora is dominated by standard aquatic macrophytes, mainly pondweed, and fairly common coastal thickets.

The reservoir is an important stopover and nesting place for waterfowl and near-water birds. The number of birds in clusters during the spring migration reaches several thousand specimens here. The reservoir is part of the key ornithological territory of Russia "Mesopotamia of Lovatyanka and Sukremenya" of federal rank.

Lokhova river and its floodplain

The vegetation of the banks of the Lokhova River is represented by thickets of single willows, mainly ashy willow, with the domination of Dvukhistochny reed, Angelica forest and Meadow foxtail, as well as aquatic and coastal aquatic vegetation. Among the coastal aquatic vegetation, the main dominant is the Dvukhistochny reed, the codominants are Angelica forest, Kamysh forest and Sedge acute. Among aquatic, completely submerged plants, Hornwort dominates dark green , Lesser duckweed and three-lobed duckweed, which occupy the main part of shallow waters. In some places there are Yellow capsule and Vodokras ordinary. Large macrophytes along the coast and in shallow waters are dominated by Lake Reed and Broad-leaved Rogoz; . The general list of vascular plants includes 52 species, of which 5 (Rdest is the longest, Molodilo shoots, Euonymus European, Zimolyubka umbrella and Thyme (Thyme) creeping or ordinary) - are included in the Red Book of the Kaluga region.

The Lokhova River and its floodplain are inaccessible and serve as a good refuge for birds and wild animals. Among the population of birds in the vicinity of the village. The Boyanovichi are dominated by synanthropic species, as well as species of the meadow-field complex, and near the Resseta River there are forest and forest species. A total of 76 bird species have been recorded here, including 3 species (White Stork, Gray Crane and Forest Lark) included in the Red Book of Kaluga Region. The floodplain of the Lokhova River is part of the key ornithological territory of Russia "Mesopotamia of Lovatyanka and Sukremia" of federal rank.

The most widespread species of mammals in the floodplain of the Lokhov River is the muskrat. Traces of its vital activity (burrows, forage "tables" extracted from the mud of the rhizome of wetland plants) are found throughout the surveyed section of the river. Bites, burrows, and summer shelters of the river beaver were also noted. The signs of the presence of the American mink and the water vole were found. Among insectivores, a water cooler was identified. It is possible that the Russian desman, a species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Data Book of the Kaluga Region, lives in the Lokhova River.

Lovatyanka river and its floodplain

The valley of the Lovatyanka River is characterized by a rather homogeneous relief and is a flat alluvial swampy plain with separate dunes, old rivers, and river banks. The vegetation is represented by herbal pine forest, low-lying large-grass meadow and coastal water communities.

A pine forest with an eagle-grass oak is characterized by an average degree of crown closure, an average stand height and an age of about 70-90 years. The undergrowth is represented by the Common Pine, the Pedunculate Oak, the Common Spruce and the Hanging Birch. In the undergrowth, there are cordate linden, common raspberries, and singly rowan trees. The grass-shrub layer is dominated by Orlyak ordinary, Terrestrial Veinik and Oakravny bluegrass. The moss-lichen cover is represented by Kukushkin's flax and Schreber's Pleurotium.

On a low-lying large-grassed meadow meadowsweet-two-source-sedge-reed meadow in the flooded floodplain of the Lovatyanka River, the grass cover is dominated by common reed, bicustochny reed, sedge acute, meadowsweet and verbeinik ordinary . Overgrowth of the meadow community with Ashy willow, goat willow, filicolous willow and brittle willow is observed .

Coastal aquatic vegetation is represented by thickets at the very edge of the water of Common Reed and Meadowsweet, as well as overflowing Mannik . Ranunculus creeping, Forget-me-not marsh and Water mint are found singly. .

The aquatic vegetation itself is represented by Common Arrowhead, Sea Sorrel, Yellow Capsule, Common Vodokras, Past-leaved Pdest, Dark green Hornwort, Common Mnogorennik, Ryaska triloba and Ryaska Malaya .

Along the entire length of the Lovatyanka River, traces and gnaws of the river beaver and traces of the muskrat's foraging activity were noted. There is also a raccoon dog in the floodplain. , American mink, water vole and water cooler. Considering the high protective properties of floodplain water bodies and an extensive network of small tributaries, the possibility of preserving Russian desman and European mink in a specially protected natural area cannot be ruled out.

Vytebet river and its floodplain

The floodplain of the Vytebet River is inaccessible for a considerable length of it and can serve as a refuge for wild animals. A mixed forest stretches along the banks. Floodplain vegetation is represented by forest and meadow complexes, meadow vegetation - dry and hygrophytic meadows, where wheatgrass, meadow fescue, Yarrow, Sour sorrel, Common Nivyanik, Soft bedstraw, Common bedstraw and Serpentine Highlander are abundant.

Coastal-aquatic vegetation is represented by thickets of Bicustochnik reed, Awless Campfire, Tenacious Bedstraw, Stinging Nettle, Thistle thistle, Ivy Budra, Common Wormwood, Common Tansy and River Ragwort. Also in large numbers are Angelica forest, Mint water, Verbeinik ordinary, Gravilat river, Horsetail meadow, Mannik floating and Polevitsa escaping.

Aquatic vegetation is represented by Canadian Elodea, Dark green Hornwort, Yellow capsule, Common Chastukha and Common Arrowhead.

The avifauna of the Vytebet river floodplain within the boundaries of the Khvastovichi district is formed by waterfowl and near-water birds (both "local" and transit) of the river bed, temporary reservoirs of the floodplain and its swampy areas, forest species inhabiting floodplain forests and forest-covered floodplain terraces, and using the floodplain as forage lands.

Muskrat, American mink, river otter and beaver live in the floodplain of the Vytebet River. According to researchers Kh.A. Hernandez-Blanco, E.M. Litvinov and A.V. Antonevich, traces of otter activity are found throughout the river, which indicates the well-being of the population. Among the fauna of the Orlovskoe Polesye National Park, located upstream of the Vytebeti River, and the Kaluzhskiye Zaseki Nature Reserve, on the territory of which the lower reaches of the river are located, a Russian desman was noted. Probably its distribution along the entire length of the Vytebet River.

The Obelna river and its floodplain

The Obelna River, within the boundaries of the Khvastovichi district, flows mainly through wooded areas, and only in the mouth part it enters a wide open area common with the Resseta river floodplain.

The vegetation of the specially protected natural area is represented by herb pine forest, black alder forest, coastal water and aquatic vegetation. The grassy pine undergrowth is dominated by Scotch Pine, Pedunculate Oak, Common Spruce and Hanging Birch. The undergrowth is formed by the bird cherry , Viburnum vulgaris, Raspberry ordinary, Blackberry gray, Rowan ordinary, Buckthorn fragile, Ash willow, Common hazel and Common hop. Along the coastline of the Obelna River, tall-herb black alder forests grow in a narrow strip, dominating in the herbaceous layer are Stinging Nettle, Vyazolistaya Meadowsweet and Sharp sedge. . Coastal aquatic vegetation is represented by thickets along the water's edge of the Bicustochnik reed and Mannik giant . Co-dominants were also noted: Arrowhead ordinary, Chastuha ordinary, Sharp sedge, Black sedge, Stinging nettle, Awless fire, Bittersweet nightshade, Poisonous milestone. The aquatic vegetation itself is represented by Common Arrowhead, Yellow Capsule, Common Chastukha, Common Vodokras, Past-leaved Pdest, Dark green Hornwort, Common Mnogorennik and Ryaska Trilobate.

The fauna of the Obelna River and its floodplain numbers 6 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 40 species of birds and 29 species of mammals, of which 5 (Common Viper, Gray Crane, River Otter, Malaya Kutora and Forest Bat or Natusius) are listed in the regional Red Book ...

Green zone of the village of Yelensky

The green zone of the village of Yelensky is a part of a large forest area located on the territory of the Kaluga, Bryansk and Oryol regions.

The vegetation of the natural monument is represented by sphagnum and green moss spruce forests, green moss pine forests, complex and blueberry pine forests, secondary herbal birch forests, dry and hygrophytic meadows, coastal water and aquatic communities.

The level of landscape and biological diversity of the territory is assessed as high. There are 16 species of macromycete fungi, including 1 species (Gyropor blue or Bruise) listed in the Red Book of Kaluga Region, 3 species of lichens, 7 species of bryophytes, 272 species of vascular plants, including 2 species (Euonymus European, Kasatik (Iris) Siberian), included in the Red Book of the Kaluga region.

The fauna of the forest is represented by 6 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 72 species of birds and 28 species of mammals. Seasonal migrations of wild ungulates pass along it - elk, wild boar and roe deer, pine marten, polecat, forest dormouse are present. Traces of a badger and a raccoon dog were recorded. Residential passages and ground emissions of a European mole were found on the soil. Of the rare and endangered species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, the Red-bellied Toad, Common Viper, Klintukh, Forest Lark, Deryaba, Crested Tit, Splyushka, Common Lynx, Forest Bat and Sionya shelf.

Green zone of the village of Hvastovichi

The green zone of the settlement of Khvastovichi is a well-preserved standard of widespread zonal landscapes.

The vegetation of the natural monument is represented by forest (coniferous and small-leaved (aspen, black alder and birch forests)), meadow and coastal aquatic vegetation.

Coniferous forests, occupying limited areas, are formed by complex spruce forests and complex pine forests. Small-leaved forests are represented mainly by aspen groves, black alder groves and grassy birch forests, developing on the site of abandoned agricultural lands.

Secondary herbal birch forests are mainly confined to the areas of burnt-out areas and clearings. Here, instead of indigenous communities, there are adventive communities dominated by Silver Birch and insignificant participation of Aspen. Under the canopy of forests, many forest and forest-meadow species are found: Kupena multiflorous, Lily of the valley May, Wild strawberry, Goldenrod or Golden rod, Horsetail. There is no moss cover.

Meadow vegetation is represented only by hygrophytic meadows, well expressed in the floodplains of small rivers and streams.

The coastal aquatic vegetation of the specially protected natural area is quite diverse, which is due to the ecological characteristics of the habitats. It reaches its maximum species diversity and abundance in sections of watercourses with low banks, usually composed of peaty-illuvial soils, in the absence of water flow or its low velocity, in small oxbows. The group of floating plants is represented by duckweed and Mnogorennik ordinary, occupying from 30 to 100% of the water surface.

In total, in the green zone of the settlement of Khvastovichi, 4 species of macromycete fungi and 264 species of vascular plants were recorded, including 2 species (Cinna broadleaf and Lyubka green-flowered) included in the Red Book of Kaluga Region.

The fauna of the forest is represented by 8 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 57 species of birds and 33 species of mammals. Of the rare and endangered species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, there are Red-bellied toad, Common viper, Klintukh, River otter, Tiny shrew, Malaya kutora and Forest bat.

Forest near the station. Tereben

Forest near the station. Tereben ”is a large forest area located on the outwash sands of the Dnieper glaciation. Rivers and streams Koldobina, Skupa, Gorokhovka, Shkovka, Gromovoy, Radnya, Zmeika, as well as untitled streams flow through its territory. Lake Ermolovskoe and minor swamps are located in the depressions between the troughs. There are numerous outcrops of springs, some of which are quite significant in terms of debit.

The vegetation of the natural monument is represented by herbal pine forests on the dunes, herbal black alder forests, herbal lime forests, complex pine forests with an admixture of pedunculate oak, green moss pine forests dominated by blueberries, secondary herbal birch forests on burnt-out areas and clearings, as well as meadow, coastal water and aquatic communities.

The level of landscape and biological diversity of the specially protected natural area is high. There are 15 species of macromycete fungi, including 1 species (Blue Gyropor or Bruise) listed in the Red Book of Kaluga Region, 2 species of lichens, 4 species of bryophytes and 320 species of vascular plants, including 15 species (Podbel ordinary, Peschanka rocky, Armeria vulgaris, Astragalus sandy, Sandy carnation, Gudayera creeping, Spherical beard, Cornflower head, Mountain acorn, Opened lumbago, Thyme (Thyme) creeping, Umbrella winter-lover, Northern Linnaeus, Low goat, Curtain-leaf gentian area.

The fauna of the forest is represented by 127 species of Lepidoptera, 7 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 72 species of birds and 35 species of mammals. Seasonal migrations of wild ungulates - Elk and Roe - pass along it. From the southern border of the territory, visits of Bison from the free-living population of the Orlovskoe Polesie National Park, included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Data Book of the Kaluga Region, are regularly observed. The fox and white hare also live within the forest. There are traces of Lynx, Wolf and Brown Bear. Periodically, there are traces of the forage activity of the Common Squirrel.

Of the rare and endangered species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, the hawthorn cocoon moth, the small red order ribbon, the alder arrowhead, the white striped bear, the gray pelozia, the willow ribbon, the red bellied toad, the common toad are noted on the territory of the natural monument Klintukh, Forest Lark, Deryaba, Tufted Tit, Scops owl, Common Lynx, Forest Bat or Natusius, Polchok Dormouse, Tiny Shrew, River Otter, and Brown Bear.

Forest near the station. Tereben is a valuable habitat (growth) of rare and endangered flora and fauna and is of great importance for the preservation of the biological diversity of the region.

Zhizdrinsky district

Arboretum of Zhizdra

The arboretum was founded at the end of the 19th century at the Mikhailovsky School of Gardening, which existed in the town of Zhizdra in the pre-war years, by its teachers F.A. Kryukov and F.I. Schneider. For three years, from 1896 to 1898, 140 different tree and shrub species were planted on an area of ​​about two hectares ("Kaluga province - a geographical outline", VM Koshkarov, 1908). The park was landscaped, the paths were strewn with sand. A beautiful fountain was created, around which flower beds were located in parterre.

Currently, the arboretum has preserved various combinations of trees and shrubs (Siberian larch, Siberian pine, oaks, ash trees, poplars, etc.) of plantings of different years (from the end of the 19th to the middle of the 20th centuries).

The arboretum of the town of Zhizdra has a cultural, historical and recreational value for the residents of the city, scientific and environmental value for the Kaluga region as a monitoring site for tracking the processes occurring with introduced species on the territory of the Zhizdrinsky region. The level of landscape diversity of the territory is assessed as low, but at the same time there is a fairly high diversity of species uncharacteristic for the region.

Tract "Znamenskaya Gorka"

The tract "Znamenskaya Gorka" is a valuable forest area. Its upper tier is formed by a tall-stemmed Scots pine, which, according to the forestry classification, is ripe or already over-mature. Spruce and birch are occasionally mixed with the pine forest.

The undergrowth is dominated by 45-50-year-old spruce. Pine renewal was noted.

The undergrowth is formed by mountain ash, buckthorn, small-leaved linden, viburnum, European spindle tree. There are also Norway maple and occasionally English oak (along the edges), which are in a depressed state.

Lingonberries, blueberries and wild strawberries are abundant in the grass cover. Heather is found in scattered groups. Green, hypnum mosses are also developed. May lily of the valley is noted in some places.

The main nature conservation value of the Znamenskaya Gorka tract is the maintenance of biodiversity of flora and fauna, as well as the reproduction of flora and fauna and their further resettlement to adjacent territories.

Spruce-broadleaved forest

Spruce-broad-leaved forest is located on the right bank of the river. Zhizdra in the 132nd quarter of the Zhizdrinsky district forestry. Forest vegetation is represented by different options mixed forests with a predominance of birch, areas of pine-spruce-birch forests and woodlands, areas of spruce culture, uneven-aged areas of pine culture, floodplain willow and alder forests, meadow associations different options, the coastal vegetation of the reservoir and the river. Potya, coastal and aquatic vegetation of the reservoir on the river. Zhizdra. In the herbaceous layer, in some places, rather rare species, protected in the region, are noted - mountain sedge and black mountain range.

The current state of the forest area is assessed as satisfactory. Recreational load is moderate. A strong anthropogenic impact was noted only in the area of ​​construction of a dam on the lower pond on the Potia River.

The spruce-broad-leaved forest is of great aesthetic and environmental importance for the residents of the city, primarily as a recreational area. The level of landscape and biological diversity of the territory is high. Most of the forest area is marked by intact natural complexes that are valuable for the preservation of the biodiversity of the region.

Fresh water source "White well"

The source of fresh water "White Well" is located on the watershed of the Lolyanka, Restitsa and Lovatyanka rivers on a flat, weakly dissected erosional plain, developed on the Cretaceous deposits of the Turonian stage of the upper section.

The source comes out to the surface in the lowland of a natural amphitheater that surrounds the local depression in a semi-circle. In the center of the depression there is a pond, which receives wastewater from all sources along the foot of the amphitheater. The flow rate of the White Well spring is about 10.8 l / s.

The spring water is ultra-fresh (mineralization - 0.17 g / l). Water temperature - 7.8 0 С. Water quality meets the established standards. A distinctive feature is the presence of iron in water (concentration - 0.12 g / l with MPC = 0.3 g / l).

Karst lake "Bottomless"

Karst Lake "Bezdonnoe" is located on the watershed of the tributaries of the Bolva and Resset rivers, on a gently hilly erosional, slightly dissected plain. It was formed in bedrocks, represented by flask and trefoil of the Santonian time of the upper part of the Cretaceous system, under which the Cretaceous-Turonian age lies. Probably, due to the suffosic erosion of chalk, the overlying rocks subsided and the Bezdonnoye Lake was formed, as well as a number of swamps around the village. Ozerskaya.

Karst Lake "Bezdonnoe" is a well-preserved wetland. Along the edge it is surrounded by a flooded swamp, which has undergone amelioration. From the side of the village. Ozerskaya, from the south and from the east a transitional, and in some places low-lying swamp, almost entirely overgrown with willow, approaches. On the northern and western shores there is a sphagnum float with a characteristic set of bog species, an open bog with tufts of cotton grass and bog dwarf shrubs. The lake is bordered on the western side by a black alder forest, and on the northern side there are areas resembling a raised bog with a pine tree and even with signs of a ridge-hollow relief - between the rows of low pines there are hollows with Sheikhzeria marsh, Ocheretnik white and other species listed in the Red Book of Kaluga Region ...

The local population actively uses the reservoir and the adjacent lands for fishing, hunting, picking mushrooms and berries, and recreation. A serious threat to the specially protected natural area is posed by recurring cases of poaching fishing using nets, poisonous substances and electric fishing rods.

Pine forest "Lukavsky"

The forest pine massif "Lukavsky" is a pine massif with an admixture of birch and spruce, aged 75-85 years and bonitet 1, which is of great importance for maintaining the biodiversity of flora and fauna, as well as for reproducing representatives of flora and fauna and their further resettlement to adjacent territories ... The level of landscape and biological diversity of the territory is assessed as high. In total, 116 species of vascular plants, 20 species of macromycete fungi, 3 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 60 species of birds, 22 species of mammals and 43 species of invertebrates have been identified in the specially protected natural area.

Pine forest "Dubrovsky"

Forest pine massif "Dubrovsky" - pine and spruce plantations with an admixture of birch, aspen and black alder aged 90-100 years. The level of biological and landscape diversity of the territory is low (20 species of macromycete fungi, 112 species of vascular plants, 43 species of invertebrates, 3 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 60 species of birds and 22 species of mammals). This is probably due to the fact that about half of the forest plantations within the boundaries of a specially protected natural area have been cut down in the last 10 years.

Forest area "Chernichniki"

The Chernichniki forest area is a blueberry-sphagnum pine massif with an admixture of spruce, birch and aspen. The level of biological diversity of the territory is low (20 species of macromycete fungi, 2 species of bryophytes, 113 species of vascular plants, 37 species of invertebrates, 3 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 58 species of birds, 22 species of mammals)

Settlement of forest ants "Ant Pillars" (southern cluster)

Settlement of forest ants "Ant Pillars" (northern cluster)

Settlement of forest ants "Ant pillars" - a group of anthills up to 1.5 meters high and 1.0-1.2 meters in diameter at the base, located in a mixed forest of different ages.

Baryatinsky district

Park v. Milotici

The estate and the garden and park ensemble were created in the 18th - early 19th centuries. The total area of ​​the estate was more than 30 hectares. It included a landscape park on the left slope of the river valley. Kamenka, four ponds, a system of driveways and on-farm alleys, the main house with outbuildings and the Nikolskaya Church.

At present, the landscape part of the landscape park, a dug pond of complex configuration with an island and alleys, in the forest stand of which are dominated by linden, maple and ash, are well preserved.

The park is actively used by the local population as a resting place.

Park v. Kotovo

The estate park of the early 19th century is located in the bend of the river. Svotitsa, on its gentle right bank. Until now, there are linden alleys, fragments of broad-leaved forests, mainly linden, fragments of small-leaved forests, mainly birch forests in place of old birch alleys, floodplain black alder forests with an admixture of willows, mesophytic upland, slope and floodplain meadows and hygrophytic meadows of the floodplain of the river. Swotitsa.

The park of the village of Kotovo is of scientific importance as an example of restorative successions after the termination of direct anthropogenic impact, with the participation of well-preserved sections of linden alleys. The level of landscape and biological diversity of the territory is assessed as quite high (181 species of vascular plants, 26 species of fungi, 65 species of invertebrates and 39 vertebrates), and with the expansion of the protected zone it can be significantly increased.

Lake "Bezdon"

Lake Bezdon is a lake of glacial origin, filled with clean and transparent water. The maximum depth is 22 meters, the prevailing one is 9-10 meters. The area of ​​the lake is 36 hectares.

The reservoir is an important place for the growth of rare and endangered plant species listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, as well as one of the key places in this part of the Kaluga Region for stopping and nesting of waterfowl and near-water birds, including those listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Kaluga region.

The natural ichthyofauna of Lake Bezdon has been greatly altered by fishing activities. Here they are engaged in the reproduction and cultivation of sturgeon, bream, carp, silver carp, grass carp, tench and pike, which are numerous in the reservoir and reach large sizes.

The oval-shaped lake, surrounded by forests, is unusually picturesque; it is a wonderful place for recreation for local residents and guests of the region.

Lowland swamp "Shatinsky moss"

Swamp "Shatinsky moss" is the largest example of glaciodepression in the Kaluga region and the only vast swamp, referred to the lowland and places of the transitional type, habitat (growth) of rare and endangered flora and fauna, a key ornithological territory of Russia of local rank.

The swamp has been significantly transformed by land reclamation work. A network of ditches has been laid along it - to the main main ditch crossing the swamp, there are ditches of the second order, covering the entire swamp in parallel lines.

Reclamation disturbed the hydrological regime of the natural complex, which led to a decrease (disappearance) of open areas (lenses).

Milyatinskoe reservoir

Milyatinskoe reservoir is located on the Bolshaya Vorona river. The area of ​​the water surface is 458 hectares, and the total volume of the water body is 7580 thousand cubic meters. m. The greatest depth of the reservoir is 5 m, the prevailing depth is 1.7 m. The shores of the reservoir are heavily swampy, in some places there is an overgrowth of the flooded type, significant only in the bays. Coastal aquatic vegetation is represented mainly by river horsetail, broad-leaved cattail, large manna, southern reed, acute sedge and other species. Remarkable are the finds of the marsh fern telipteris and the flowering plant of the common tail tails inhabiting the swampy, hard-to-reach rafts and bogs. Among medicinal plants, the marsh cinquefoil, meadow meadowsweet, river gravilat, galangal, blue cyanus, field mint and other typical meadow plants were identified.

Mosalsky district

Pine forest of Mosalsk

The pine forest of the city of Mosalsk is a typical forest area, the predominant species in which is spruce, in some places - with an admixture of birch, linden and pine. The part of the pine forest farthest from the road is a zonal, well-preserved, uneven-aged spruce forest, in places - grassy, ​​in places - green moss, in places - with developed broad-leaved undergrowth and shrub layer. Near the Mozhayka River, pine stands up to 100 years of age prevail.

In the undergrowth, common spruce, common mountain ash, heart-shaped linden and plane maple are noted. The undergrowth consists mainly of plane-tree maple, mountain ash, common buckthorn, common hazel, heart-shaped linden, forest raspberries, glaucous blackberries, warty euonymus.

The herbaceous cover is dominated by male dwarf, meadow horsetail, double-leaved mine, wild strawberry, oxalis, creeping tenacious and other plant species typical of coniferous forests. In some places, thickets of blueberries and lingonberries are abundant. The parts of the forest adjacent to the Mosalsk-Kaluga highway and the city of Mosalsk are significantly disturbed, and weedy, ruderal species are noted among the trivial plant species.

Tract "Proydevo"

The tract "Proydevo" is a park, laid out on the right slope of the river valley. Perekshi and having an irregular layout. It has preserved old-growth broad-leaved trees: oaks, lindens, maples, white poplars. In the herbaceous layer, aboriginal plants of a broad-leaved forest (black spikelet, Kashubian buttercup, musky strawberry, amazing violet, etc.) coexist with introduced species. Some of them (aralia, goryanka) were recorded in the territory of the Kaluga region only in this park. Taken together, they represent a highly decorative, exotic community that has evolved over several decades.

Lyudinovsky district

Lake "Lompad" with adjacent lands

Lake "Lompad" or the Lyudinovskoye reservoir is located on the Nepolod River to the north of the town of Lyudinovo and is the largest artificial reservoir in the Kaluga region. The vegetation of its shores is represented by small areas of coniferous forests with broad-leaved elements, small-leaved forests of black alder and silver birch, small fragments of broad-leaved, mainly linden forests, upland forb and hygrophytic tall-grass meadows, aquatic and coastal aquatic vegetation. A total of 330 species of higher vascular plants were recorded here, among which 8 (common sheep, purple reed grass, high fescue, panicle sedge, thick-leaved stellate, Selkirka violet, umbrella winter-lover, marsh turkey) are listed in the Red Book of Kaluga Region.

The fauna of the reservoir and the adjacent lands is rich and diverse - more than 30 species of mammals, including: wild boar, European roe deer, European elk, wolf, common fox, raccoon dog, pine marten, ermine, polecat, common beaver, muskrat, American mink and otter, and 17 fish species (roach, perch, bream, rudd, ruff, pike and carp). Among amphibians there are the common newt, the common and green toads, the lake, pond, sharp-muzzle and grass frogs are numerous; of the reptiles - the common viper and the common snake, as well as the quick and viviparous lizards.

The reservoir is part of the key ornithological territory of Russia "Lyudinovskie Lakes" of local rank. The incomplete list of birds registered in the specially protected natural area numbers more than 80 species, among which 7 (European black-throated loon, great egret, white stork, gray crane, great snail, river tern, blackbird warbler) are rare.

Lake "Lompad" with the adjacent lands is of exceptional value for the preservation of unique and exemplary natural complexes and objects and biological diversity of the Kaluga region.

Tract "Molevskoe"

The Molevskoe tract is located at the watershed of the Peretesna and Nepolod rivers, between two swampy ravines, 1.5 km northwest of the village of Paloma. It is a community of dry meso-oligotrophic meadows, partially overgrown with shrubs, on the site of the former Mola estate.

In the tract, old dying apple trees, home plum, home pear, English oak, drooping birch, common lilac, individual bushes of ash willow, laxative tinsel, cinnamon rose hips, black currants have been preserved. There are linden plantings along the perimeter of the estate, as well as along the roadsides and on the road at the entrance to the estate. Together with the cordate linden, the drooping birch and the pedunculate oak grow. Aspen is found singularly. The undergrowth consists mainly of forest honeysuckle and brittle buckthorn. In the herb-dwarf shrub layer, the following are present: common runny, oak grass, meadow bluegrass, forest bush .

The fauna of the tract is represented by 1 species of reptiles, 4 species of mammals and 43 species of birds, of which 1 species (Deryaba), listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga region.

Yukhnovsky district

City forest in Yukhnov

The urban forest in the city of Yukhnov is a forest area that performs environment-forming functions, including maintaining the purity of the atmospheric air and, as a result, creating the prerequisites for health-improving recreation, which is a regulator of the flow of surface and underground waters and is of aesthetic importance for the residents of the city.

The predominant species in the first tier of the forest is pine of I-II quality classes. The age of the pine forests varies from 15 to 160 years. In the southern part of the forest, separate small areas of spruce are observed. In the second tier, both broad-leaved species - linden, maple, less often oak, and small-leaved species - birch, aspen (in some places they go into the first tier) are noted, shrubs are abundant - mountain ash, hazel. In the third and fourth tiers, grass cover has developed in places. Green moss fragments of pine and spruce forests are not uncommon.

In the forest, 297 species of vascular plants were recorded, including 3 species (Gudaira creeping, Zimolyubka umbrella, Linnaeus northern) listed in the Red Book of Kaluga Region, 5 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 41 species of birds, including 1 species ( Crested Tit), listed in the Red Book of the Kaluga Region, and 17 species of mammals.

Specially protected natural areas of local importance

Velvet Amur

Velvet Amur (Fellodendron Amur or Amur cork tree) grew on the territory of the municipality "City of Kaluga" in the area of ​​house number 90 on the street. Stepan Razin, Kaluga. To date, the wildlife monument has not survived.

600 years old oak

The 600-year-old oak grew on the territory of the municipal formation "City of Kaluga" in the area of ​​house number 27a on the street. Karakozova, Kaluga. To date, the wildlife monument has not survived.

500 years old oak

A 500-year-old oak grows on the territory of the municipal formation "City of Kaluga" in the area of ​​house number 4 on the lane. Voskresensky, Kaluga. The approximate age of the tree is 500 years, the height is 28 m, the trunk diameter is 118 cm. The tree has 1 category of condition (health without signs of weakening). However, a frost crack in the trunk and dry branches in the crown area are noted on it. The condition of the tree as a whole is assessed as satisfactory.

Spherical maple

Globular maple grows on the territory of the municipal formation "City of Kaluga" on the territory adjacent to the Kaluga Basic Medical College, located at the address: Kaluga, st. Kutuzova, 26. Trunk diameter - 38 cm, height - 18 m. The tree has a category 2 condition (weakened). The age-related state is unsatisfactory, depressed. The level of vitality is very weakened.

Small-leaved linden

Small-leaved linden grows on the territory of the municipal formation "City of Kaluga", in the courtyard of a residential building on the street. Plekhanov, Kaluga. The tree reaches a height of 18 m, with a trunk diameter of about 60 cm. It grows as a single straight trunk and begins to branch from a height of 3.5 m. The state of the wildlife sanctuary is satisfactory.

Weymouth Pine (2 individuals)

Weimutov's pines (2 especially) grow on the territory of the municipal formation "City of Kaluga", at the monument to the perished officers of the Internal Affairs Directorate, located at the address: Kaluga, st. Suvorov, 137. Trees are located 5 meters from each other, symmetrically from the monument on the central alley leading to the building. One tree has 1 category of condition (healthy, no signs of weakening). The diameter of its trunk is 40 cm, the height is about 22 m. The diameter of the trunk of the second tree is 36 cm. It is not possible to determine its status category due to the absence of a part of the crown at a height of 11-12 m from the butt part.

Weymouth Pine (5 individuals)

Weimutov's pines (5 individuals) grow on the territory of the municipal formation "City of Kaluga", in the park near the concert hall of the Kaluga Regional College of Music named after S.I. Taneev at the address: Kaluga st. Bazhenova, 5. Currently, a group of trees consists of 3 individuals, each of which is defined as a Weymouth pine. Trees have a 1-3 category of condition. The diameter of their trunks varies from 45 to 64 cm. The average height of the trees is 20 m. 2 individuals are trunks without crown and bark. These trees are classified as windbreak trees. It is not possible to determine their species, but it is possible that these are Weymouth pines

Gogol Square

Gogol Square is located in Kaluga, next to the State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics, at the beginning of st. Academician Korolev. It is a plantation of trees of different ages with the remains of an old garden, on one side of which there is an alley of young hawthorns of different species. Linden is the dominant species in the park.

Park named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky

Park named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky is located in Kaluga, next to the State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics, at the beginning of st. Academician Korolev. It is a planting of lindens of different ages. For decorative purposes, spruce and fir trees were planted along the alleys. State of the park named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky is generally assessed as satisfactory.

City Park of Culture and Leisure

The city park of culture and recreation is located at the address: Kaluga, pl. Old Torg, d. 4. It has a special dendrological value. Old-age plantations in it are represented by oak, linden and silver poplar, younger trees (80-100 years old) - Norway maple, silver spruce, Siberian fir and larch. The state of the city park of culture and recreation is assessed as satisfactory.

White mulberry

White mulberry grew on the territory of the municipal formation "City of Kaluga" in the area of ​​the Mira square in Kaluga. To date, the wildlife monument has not survived.

Question 5.4. On how the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004 determines the process of forming a system of bodies authorized in the field of urban planning

9) Issues construction permits and permits for the commissioning of facilities in the cases specified in paragraph 8 of part 6 of this article;

Question 5.6. Concerns about the possible liquidation of architecture and urban planning bodies on the ground

Question 6.1. On the legality of the establishment by the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation of mandatory qualification requirements for officials

Question 6.3. On the establishment of qualification requirements for individuals and legal entities through self-regulation mechanisms

Answers to questions to chapter 3 of the urban planning code of the russian federation "territorial planning"

Question 7.1. On the given facts that predetermine the inevitability of choosing real, and not imaginary, ways to ensure the complexity of territorial planning

Question 7.2. On the hypothetical existence of two approaches and the reality of only one approach to ensuring the complexity of territorial planning in a federal state

Question 7.3. On the conceptual principle of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004, according to which, in local territories, authorities of three levels can simultaneously carry out territorial planning

Question 8.3. On the determination of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004, the grounds for making decisions on the seizure, including by way of redemption, of land plots for state or municipal needs

Question 8.4. On the differentiation of powers into two groups - powers for the implementation of which the forced redemption of real estate is allowed, and powers for the implementation of which it is not allowed

Question 8.5. On determining the content of objects of various significance - federal, regional, local

Question 9.1. How to force people not to do something that can disorganize territorial development

Question 9.2. On how to induce to do what will ensure the rational organization of the territory and the implementation of plans within an acceptable time frame

Question 9.3. How all information about the development of the territory is displayed with the necessary completeness in the documents of territorial planning

Question 10.2. On the composition of territorial planning documents

Question 10.3. On how the composition of the master plan of a settlement, an urban district can be determined in the law of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation

13. Diagram 7 - a diagram of the development of transport infrastructure objects:

2) Displayed:

14. Scheme 8 - a scheme for the development of other facilities, including social service facilities:

2) Displayed:

16. Each of the schemes of the master plan can be presented in the form of:

2. The plan for the implementation of the master plan is prepared on the basis of and taking into account:

3. The plan for the implementation of the master plan contains:

6. The plan for the implementation of the master plan is approved for a period of at least two years, after which a new plan is prepared for the next period of at least two years.

7. On the basis of and taking into account the plan for the implementation of the master plan, a program for the implementation of the master plan may be prepared for a period of at least five years.

Question 13.1. About what a state examination is, and about the need to separate the examination of urban planning documents and project documentation

Question 13.2. On how the issues of state examination of documents of urban planning were solved in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated 05/07/98 and how they are solved by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated 12/29/04

Question 13.3. On the content of the compromise decision on the state examination of territorial planning documents, enshrined in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004

Question 13.4. On carrying out a state examination of territorial planning documents and documentation for the planning of the territory at the transitional stage

Question 14.1. On the provisions, positions that, according to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated 05/07/98, should have been part of the state urban planning standards and rules

Question 14.2. On the "internal" structure of state urban planning standards and rules, their "external" compliance with other standards in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of 05/07/98

Question 14.3. On the formal legal status of state urban planning standards and rules in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of 05/07/98

Question 14.4. On the content, status and composition of regional and local standards for urban planning in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004

Question 14.5. On the technology of territorial planning in terms of compliance with safety requirements in the absence of technical regulations adopted through laws

Part 2 of Art. 49 GrK rf from 05/07/98:

Part 2 of Art. 50 GrK rf from 05/07/98:

Question 15.3. The fact that in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004, the issues of establishing, changing the boundaries of settlements - the boundaries of "settlement lands"

Question 15.4. On the principle of indirect pressure - through consequences - on public authorities in order to coerce the implementation of urban planning activities and raise its status

Question 16.1. On how in the law of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of 12/29/04 on the mandatory joint preparation of territorial planning documents can be detailed

Question 16.2. On whether, in order to jointly prepare spatial planning documents, it is possible to attract one contractor to prepare various spatial planning documents

Answers to questions to chapter 4 of the town planning code of the russian federation "town planning zoning"

Question 19.1. On the initial basis common to two possible approaches to understanding the content of urban planning zoning

Question 19.2. On the content of a legal approach to understanding and implementing urban zoning

Question 19.3. On the content of the administrative and technological approach to understanding and implementing urban planning zoning

Question 19.4. On the manifestations of the administrative and technological approach to understanding urban planning zoning

Question 20.1. On the continuity of the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated 05/07/98 and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 in terms of the ratio of functional and urban planning zoning

Question 20.2. About why functional zoning is carried out in the master plans of settlements, urban districts, but not in other documents of territorial planning

Question 23.2. On the consequences of establishing restrictions on the use of real estate through sanitary protection and water protection zones

Question 24.1. Why the city planning regulations do not apply to cultural heritage sites

Question 24.2. On the fundamental difference between the technology for establishing protection zones of cultural heritage objects from the technology for establishing sanitary protection and water protection zones

Question 24.4. On what organizational schemes should reflect the zones of restrictions in the master plans of settlements, urban districts

Question 24.6. About how the restricted zones should be reflected in the land use and development rules and whether local governments must approve the restricted zones

Question 24.9. On some contradictions and gaps in the legislation on cultural heritage sites

Question 25.1. On the documents - the basis for the preparation of the draft rules for land use and development

Question 25.2. On the subjects of work on the preparation of the draft rules for land use and development

Question 25.3. On the verification of the prepared project, public hearings and approval of the rules for land use and development

Question 26.2. On the main typological types of urban planning zoning and their generalized characteristics

Question 26.3. On the multiplicity of ways to introduce urban planning zoning and its typological features, modified in relation to Russian conditions

Answers to questions to chapter 5 of the urban planning code of the russian federation "territorial planning"

Question 27.1. On the types of documentation for the planning of the territory

Question 27.2. On the features of the preparation of documentation on the planning of the territory by various public authorities

Question 27.3. On how the planning of the territory relates to previous actions on territorial planning and urban zoning

Question 27.4. On the features of the preparation of documentation for the planning of the territory during the transition period and after its end

Question 27.5. On the relationship between land use and development rules and site planning documentation

Question 27.6. On how the planning of the territory relates to the subsequent actions for architectural design and construction

Question 27.7. The fact that actions for planning the territory are carried out in relation to all territories

Question 27.8. About when the preparation of documentation for the planning of the territory is not required

Question 28.1. On the allocation of elements of the planning structure

Question 28.2. On the establishment of parameters for the planned development of elements of the planning structure and the composition of planning projects

Question 29.2. About "entry" into the built-up area occupied by the rights of third parties

Question 29.3. On "entering" a free, unencumbered by the rights of third parties, undeveloped and undivided territory

Question 30.1. On the definition of "land surveying"

Question 30.2. About the composition of land surveying projects

Question 31.1. On the preparation of urban planning plans for land plots in the form of separate documents

Question 31.2. On the appointment of urban planning plans of land plots and on the information contained therein

Question 31.3. About the form of the urban planning plan of the land plot

Question 31.4. About what cases should be reflected in the form of an urban planning plan for a land plot when preparing it as part of the documentation for the planning of the territory

Question 33.1. Regarding the fact that the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004, allegedly does not mention the topic of allocating land plots necessary for state or municipal needs

Question 33.2. The fact that the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004, allegedly should provide the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with powers regarding the reservation of land, land plots

Question 34.1. On the sequential stages of providing development with social, engineering and transport infrastructure

Question 34.2. On the wrong statement, according to which the absence of planning projects is not an obstacle for the development of land surveying projects and town planning plans of land plots

Question 35.1. On the actions of the authorities to streamline and develop the planning structure of the city

Question 35.2. On the control of the authorities over the activities of individuals during the division, merger, change of the boundaries of land plots

Question 36.1. On urban planning preparation of land plots from state or municipal lands

Question 36.2. On the allocation of public land by means of urban planning preparation of land plots

Answers to questions for chapter 6 of the urban planning code

Of the Russian Federation "architectural and construction

Design, construction, reconstruction of facilities

Capital construction "

Question 37.1. How the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 determines the rights

Question 37.2. About how some regional acts incorrectly define the rights of public and private entities in relation to urban planning documents and project documentation

Question 37.3. How the norms of regional acts demonstrate economic motivations that justify the need for a regional design system that is contrary to federal legislation

Question 38.1. Whether in all cases, without exception, the state should conduct a state examination of project documentation

Question 38.2. About what the Civil Code of the Russian Federation changed on December 29, 2004 in relation to the state examination of project documentation and why such changes must inevitably be made

Question 38.3. On how the transition to a new system of organizing state examination of project documentation is legally defined

Question 39.1. On the legal status and content of the building permit

Question 39.2. About the authorized bodies of which levels of government, in what cases and for the construction of which facilities are issued permits

Question 39.3. On the specifics of issuing building permits by local governments

Question 39.4. On the validity period of a building permit, its renewal and extension

Question 39.5. On the legal status and content of the permit to commission the facility

Question 40.1. That the preparation of project documentation is not required for individual housing construction

Question 40.2. On how the control over actions should be carried out in cases when the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004 does not provide for the issuance of construction permits

Question 41.1. General provisions for technical specifications and connection fee information

Question 41.2. About what a pre-prepared substantive basis for determining technical conditions and information about connection fees is

Answers to questions to chapter 7 of the urban planning code of the russian federation "information support of urban planning activities"

Question 42.1. On the relationship between the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated 05.07.98 in terms of the legal logic of building information systems for ensuring urban planning activities

Question 42.2. On the alleged loss by public authorities of tools and methods of information support for urban planning activities in connection with the novellas of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004

Question 43.1. About why the maintenance of information systems for the provision of urban planning activities should be carried out at the local level

Question 43.2. On the difference between information systems for ensuring urban planning activities from archives of documents in the field of urban planning activities

Question 44.1. On whether information systems for ensuring urban planning activities include information about documents or copies of the documents themselves

Question 45.1. About duty plans and maps

Question 45.2. On the alleged negative consequences for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation arising from the abolition of the state urban planning cadastre

Answers to questions to chapter 8 of the town planning code of the russian federation "responsibility for violation of the legislation on town planning activities"

Answers to questions for chapter 9 of the urban planning code

Question 47.1. On assessing the situation from the standpoint of the application of legislative norms

Question 47.2. On assessing the situation from the standpoint of the content of the current legislative norms

Federal Law Enactment

Question 8.5. On determining the content of objects of various significance - federal, regional, local

The concept of "objects of federal, regional, local significance" was used without decoding their meaning in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of 05/07/98, and in other laws. In the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004, these concepts are also used without defining what it is. In this regard, a number of questions arise:

Why are they not defined in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004;

How they could or should have been determined in the legislation when it is supplemented in the future by the currently absent norms;

How to operate with these concepts at the present time, when there are no corresponding definitions in the legislation.

Let's try to answer these questions.

From what substantive positions-grounds to approach the definition of the concepts of "objects of federal, regional, local significance"?

The existence of three different levels of power predetermines the existence of a group of objects required for each of these three levels. What is the nature of the division of objects into three groups? The content of the differences is determined by a combination of three components:

1) political and administrative;

2) technological;

3) budget.

The peculiarities of this combination are clearly manifested in relation to the three groups of objects identified when considering "the issue of differentiating powers into two groups - powers for the implementation of which a forced redemption of real estate is allowed, and powers for the implementation of which it is not allowed."

With regard to the first group of objects (objects that are not linear objects of infrastructure support and are associated with the use of atomic energy, defense and security, space activities, ensuring the status and protection of the State Border of the Russian Federation), the political and administrative component dominates. Here there are no problems with whether to classify such objects as objects of federal or regional significance. The answer is obvious.

With regard to the second and third groups of objects, the first place is taken by a combination of technological and budgetary components. That is, the technological characteristics of certain objects (for example, indicators of their capacity, throughput) are linked to the volume of their load on the budget and the ability, obligation of the relevant subjects of the budget process (subjects of different levels of public authority) to bear this load by allocating appropriate funds and ensuring the construction of relevant objects ... Thus, the word “meaning” (federal, regional or local) directly answers the question: who (what level of public authority), for the construction of what (what specific objects, differentiated by their technological characteristics) is responsible with its own budget.

Why the concept of "objects of federal, regional, local significance" is not defined inGrKRF from 12/29/04?

The above substantive positions-grounds for defining the concepts of "objects of federal, regional, local significance" make the answer to this question clear. It is formulated as follows:

1) the definition of the concepts of "objects of federal, regional, local significance" can be given only as a result of linking two substantive positions:

Unified classification according to technological characteristics (capacity, throughput, capacity) of objects, the construction of which is financed from budgetary sources;

Distribution of objects classified according to the specified technological characteristics by budgets of various levels ("linking objects to budgets"), taking into account the principles of formation and planned development of the budget system in terms of revenue sources and their existing and projected volumes;

2) in the light of the above, the following becomes obvious:

Due to the fact that the process of reforming the administrative and budgetary systems in the country is at an initial stage, at the current moment the development of these two substantive positions should be considered as the task of finding a final solution, which is not yet available;

The definition of the concepts "objects of federal, regional, local significance" goes beyond the subject of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 and can be recorded in it in the order of making additions developed as a result of solving the task in the field of improving budgetary legislation.

Thus, the task of defining in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004 the concepts of "objects of federal, regional, local significance" cannot be considered as an immediate task of this particular federal law, and therefore, in principle, it could not be solved at the stage of its preparation. This is a task to be solved in the future by comprehensively improving not only and not so much the legislation on urban planning as such, but the entire system of Russian legislation.

How could the concept of "objects of federal, regional, local significance" be or should be defined in the legislation if it is supplemented in the future by the currently absent norms?

There are three possible ways to address this issue - through:

Legislative establishment of a list with the characteristics of the relevant objects;

Use of procedures for identifying such objects in the process of territorial planning;

Combinations of both the list and the procedures.

Let's consider the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

A method for determining objects of federal, regional, local significance through the legislative establishment of a list with the characteristics of the corresponding objects. We revealed the essence of this method above when discussing the issue of why the concept of "objects of federal, regional, local importance" is not defined in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004. The hypothetical advantage of the method is that with its help it would be possible to formalize this process once and for all, as well as to make the process of interaction between public authorities of different levels in the implementation of territorial planning extremely clear and simple.

This method can be used as a universal and unique method, provided that two requirements are met:

1) the list is differentiated taking into account the diversity of the specifics of various regions of a huge country. We should not forget about the relativity of the concept of "significance". In developed regions, even a large facility may not be so significant and should be classified, say, as facilities not of regional, but of local importance. In remote and depressed regions, the opposite is true: a small object can also be given federal significance (for example, a low-capacity road, but of exceptional importance from the point of view of solving a security problem or developing new mineral deposits);

2) the list allows you to solve the issues of changes in significance over time.

Fulfillment of the first requirement does not encounter insurmountable obstacles of a theoretical and methodological nature, with the exception of one - the degree of differentiation proposed by the law may turn out to be insufficient, which will complicate the process of territorial planning.

Another thing is the fulfillment of the second condition. Since the list is established by law, then taking into account the dynamics of changes in significance over time should be accompanied by periodic amendments to the law. Since the need for changes can arise quite often, their introduction into the law will always be delayed and cannot be guaranteed.

Thus, for the indicated reasons, the considered method cannot be recognized as universal and unique. This means that it should be combined with procedures that will allow the introduction of the necessary and operational clarifications due to the specifics of territorial planning in the respective regions of the country.

A method for determining objects of federal, regional, local significance through the use of procedures for determining such objects in the process of territorial planning. From the point of view of the prospects for the development of the territorial planning system, which in terms of the legal framework is at the initial stage of formation in the Russian Federation (which must be recognized), this method can only be used as an addition to the method described above. Since in the current conditions the list of relevant objects established by the law is not yet available, the procedural method should be considered as a transitional one, and therefore the features of its application are discussed below, when discussing the issue of how to operate with the concepts of "objects of federal, regional, local importance" at the present time, when there are no relevant definitions in the legislation.

A method for identifying objects of federal, regional, local significance through a combination of both a list and procedures. It is clear that the possibility of using such a method will arise when the list established by law is put into effect. Therefore, without going into a detailed consideration of the features of the application of this method, it is necessary to characterize the basic provisions on which it should be based. As an example, let us take the preparation of a draft master plan for a settlement.

1. The local self-government body of the settlement in its master plan establishes (approves) the boundaries of the zones of the planned location of objects of local importance, determined in accordance with the legislation. At the same time, the boundaries of the zones of the planned placement of objects of local significance of a municipal district, of regional significance - in the presence of documents of territorial planning of a municipal district, a subject of the Russian Federation, approved in the prescribed manner, are displayed (not approved) in the master plan. In the absence of these documents, the master plan may display proposals for the location of the boundaries of the zones of the planned placement of objects of local significance of a municipal district, of regional significance.

2. Implementation of decisions of territorial planning documents for the placement and construction of objects of regional and local significance can be carried out autonomously by each level of public authority in strict accordance with the definitions of these objects given by law, as well as in accordance with plans for the implementation of territorial planning documents. Along with autonomous actions, the implementation of territorial planning documents can also be carried out in such a way that, under certain conditions and subject to certain procedures, public authorities of a higher level (municipal district, constituent entity of the Russian Federation) undertake financial obligations or part of financial obligations to ensure the construction of certain local settlement values. This kind of action is carried out subject to the following principles:

a) public authorities of a lower level - settlements and urban districts - can provide with their budget only the construction of objects of local importance in settlements and urban districts in accordance with the approved master plans, plans for the implementation of master plans, tied to the amount of budget funding for each current and forthcoming financial year;

b) public authorities of a higher level - a municipal district, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation can provide with their budget not only the construction of objects of local significance of a municipal district, of regional significance in accordance with the approved territorial planning documents, plans for the implementation of such documents, tied to the amount of budget funding for each current and the upcoming financial year, but also the construction of certain objects of local significance of settlements, urban districts on the basis of:

Settlement procedures formalized in accordance with the law (federal and / or regional), which determine the possibility of financial assistance in cases established by law;

Joint plans and programs for the implementation of territorial planning documents, approved in the relevant part by representatives of the executive power of various levels - a settlement, an urban district, a municipal district, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

How to operate with the concept of "objects of federal, regional, local significance" at the present time, when there are no corresponding definitions in the legislation?

Based on the above arguments, it is necessary to say with all certainty that the procedural method described above is:

1) transitional in the sense that it is applied prior to the enactment through the federal law of the corresponding list, linking the technological characteristics of certain objects with the financial obligations of the corresponding levels of public authority to ensure their placement and construction;

2) an objectively necessary transitional stage - its necessity is determined not by the imaginary incompleteness of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004, but by other circumstances of a general systemic nature, which were disclosed above.

Unfortunately, still quite often one has to deal with the fact that the second position does not meet with understanding. And it’s not so much a reluctance to understand, but rather a position, which is defined as follows: "all at once and immediately, otherwise nothing is better at all."

Such a position is nothing more than an objective disregard for the fact that it is fundamentally impossible with a one-time action (through the adoption of one law - in this case the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation) to establish a neglected area of ​​legal regulation of urban planning activities. Launched not only and not so much because of the disorder, uncertainty and inconsistency of the previous legislation on urban planning activities, but for the objective reason of the complexity of such legislation, when even minimal actions to improve it inevitably entail actions to streamline other types of legislation or form an "order" to such an ordering. This order cannot be executed immediately, including because of opposition to it, unwillingness to recognize its necessity and fulfill it.

The proposition that the improvement of legislation on urban planning activities provokes in a positive sense the improvement of other laws has already been illustrated in this work and will be illustrated in the future with specific examples.

Answering the question of how to operate with the concept of "objects of federal, regional, local significance" when there are no corresponding definitions in the legislation, let us consider, as an example, as before, the preparation of a draft master plan for a settlement. At the same time, we will keep in mind the most unfavorable situation when a project is being prepared in the absence of territorial planning documents for both the municipal district and the subject of the Russian Federation.

Within such an unfavorable situation, the following should be considered:

1) a favorable case of joint preparation of a draft master plan by the relevant local self-government body of the settlement (urban district) and territorial planning documents of the municipal district and the subject of the Russian Federation;

2) an unfavorable case when the draft master plan is prepared autonomously by the relevant local self-government body of the settlement (urban district) without parallel preparation of territorial planning documents for the municipal district and the subject of the Russian Federation.

"Favorable case" of joint preparation of the draft master plan by the relevant local government body of the settlement (urban district) and documents of the territorial planning of the municipal district and the subject of the Russian Federation. The sequence of actions can be as follows:

1) the local self-government body of a settlement or urban district, starting the preparation of a master plan, is guided by the norms of Article 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 04 and initiates a parallel process - the joint preparation of territorial planning documents with the participation of neighboring settlements, urban districts, as well as a municipal district and a constituent entity of the Russian Federation ... Wherein:

Decisions on the joint preparation of territorial planning documents can be made on an optional basis or without fail - in cases where, in accordance with Part 6 of Art. 27 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2004, it is not allowed to refuse the joint preparation of territorial planning documents;

Depending on the specific circumstances, the preparation of territorial planning documents for a municipal district, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation can be carried out in full (comprehensively on all issues and in relation to the entire territory of jurisdiction of the relevant public authority) or partially (not on all issues and in relation to the entire territory of jurisdiction of the corresponding public authority). authorities, but only to its part in accordance with the development needs of a particular municipality);

2) in the process of joint preparation of territorial planning documents, the developers, representatives of the relevant public authorities jointly:

As part of the draft documents of territorial planning, they prepare and substantiate (including by fixing in cartographic materials) proposals on the distribution and sequence of construction of objects of local significance of a settlement, an urban district, objects of local significance of a municipal district, as well as objects of regional significance;

Prepare and substantiate proposals for the plan (program) for the implementation of territorial planning documents, including in terms of priority objects, sources, volumes and terms of financing of work on preparation for construction and financing of construction of objects of various significance;

3) after approval in the prescribed manner of jointly prepared territorial planning documents and plans (programs) for the implementation of territorial planning documents:

The local self-government body of a settlement, an urban district, using the funds of its budget, ensures the preparation for the construction and construction of objects of local significance of the settlement, the urban district (determined in the process of joint preparation of territorial planning documents and plans for their implementation);

The local self-government body of the municipal district ensures, using the funds of its budget, the preparation for the construction and construction of objects of local importance of the municipal district (determined in the process of joint preparation of territorial planning documents and plans for their implementation). At the same time, the plans for the implementation of these documents may determine financing or participation in financing the construction of certain objects of local significance of the settlement from the budget of the municipal district;

The authorized state executive body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, with the use of funds from the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, ensures the preparation for the construction and construction of objects of regional significance (determined in the process of joint preparation of territorial planning documents and plans for their implementation). At the same time, the plans for the implementation of these documents may determine financing or participation in financing the construction of certain objects of local significance of a settlement, urban district, municipal district from the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Unfavorable case: the draft master plan is prepared autonomously by the relevant local self-government body of the settlement or urban district without parallel preparation of territorial planning documents for the municipal district and the subject of the Russian Federation. Sequencing:

1) the local government body of the settlement or urban district provides autonomous preparation of the draft master plan due to the fact that:

Proposals for the joint preparation of territorial planning documents were not sent to public authorities of other administrative-territorial entities;

A refusal was received for proposals for the joint preparation of territorial planning documents sent to public authorities of other administrative-territorial entities - in cases where refusal of these proposals is not allowed;

2) in the process of preparing the draft master plan, proposals on the sequence of construction of objects are prepared and substantiated (including by fixing in cartographic materials):

The local significance of a settlement, an urban district, in relation to which there are no questions regarding their significance, as well as regarding the obligations of local self-government bodies of a settlement, an urban district to ensure the construction of these objects from the funds of the respective budgets;

Local significance of a municipal district, of regional significance, in relation to which questions arise regarding their assignment to objects of corresponding significance, as well as regarding the obligations of local self-government bodies of the municipal district, state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation to ensure the construction of such objects from the funds of the respective budgets;

3) in the process of preparing and agreeing on the draft master plan with local self-government bodies of the municipal district (if we are talking about the master plan of the settlement), the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation agree on proposals on the distribution and sequence of construction of objects of local significance of the municipal district, of regional significance, in relation to who have questions about their assignment to objects of appropriate importance, as well as about the obligations of local self-government bodies of the municipal district, state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation to ensure the construction of such objects from the funds of the respective budgets;

4) as part of the master plan of the settlement, the urban district, the provisions on the zones of the planned location and the sequence of construction are approved:

Objects of local significance of a settlement, urban district, in relation to which, at the stage of preparation of the draft master plan, no questions arose regarding their significance, as well as regarding the obligations of local self-government bodies of a settlement, urban district to ensure their construction from the budget of the settlement, urban district;

Other objects for which, in the process of coordinating the relevant proposals with local government bodies of the municipal district, the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation made decisions to classify them as objects of local importance of the settlement, urban district, recognizing the obligations of the local self-government bodies of the settlement, urban district to ensure construction such objects from the budget of the settlement, urban district;

5) after approval in the prescribed manner of the master plan of the settlement, urban district, as well as the plan (program) for the implementation of the master plan:

The local self-government body of a settlement, an urban district, with the use of its budget funds, ensures the preparation for the construction and construction of objects of local importance in a settlement, an urban district;

The local self-government body of the municipal district (in the case of preparing a master plan for the settlement), the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation use the proposals on the zones of the planned location of objects of local importance of the municipal region, objects of regional significance contained in the substantiating materials for the approved master plan of the settlement, the urban district.

Consideration of all favorable and unfavorable cases allows us to draw the following conclusion: the fact that there is no formal definition of the concept of "objects of federal, regional and local significance" in federal legislation does not block the process of territorial planning, does not create legal obstacles for the implementation of actions by public authorities in this direction.

One more circumstance should be noted concerning the legal possibility of advanced actions at the regional level. If there is an appropriate initiative and before the task formulated in the discussion of the question of why the concept of "objects of federal, regional, local importance" is not defined in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004, the task can be solved at the federal level, this task can be solved in a certain parts at the regional level, namely:

Prepare a classification according to technological characteristics (capacity, throughput, capacity) of objects, the construction of which should be financed from the regional budget, budgets of municipal districts, budgets of settlements, urban districts;

Distribute objects classified according to the specified technological characteristics according to budgets of various levels (linking objects to budgets), taking into account the principles of formation and planned development of budgets at the regional and local levels within the respective constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of revenue sources, their existing and projected volumes.

Question (9) on the legislative establishment of methods

ensuring the integrity of territorial

planning in organ interaction

public authorities at various levels

This question breaks down into two components, which can be conventionally called negative and positive. The negative part of the question: how to force public authorities at various levels not to do what may disorganize territorial development? The positive part: how to encourage public authorities at various levels to do what will ensure the rational organization of the territory and the implementation of plans within an acceptable time frame?