Present to your attention brief analysis poems " Bronze Horseman". The year of writing" The Bronze Horseman "is 1833. The author of this" Petersburg story "is Alexander Pushkin. In 1833, Pushkin went to Boldino, where his wife's estate was located, where the poet wanted to remain in solitude, calmly reflect, collect thoughts. Boldino Pushkin wrote the famous poem "The Bronze Horseman", dedicated to Peter the Great.
The main thing in the analysis of the "Bronze Horseman"
Alexander Pushkin generally showed big interest to the era of Peter the Great - he was interested in how progressively Peter acted, but in the poem "The Bronze Horseman" the tsar appears before readers in two guises: one sees him as a strong and courageous man who makes reforms for the good of the country, others see Peter as an autocratic tsar, which makes you obey and obey with a heavy hand.
The poem "The Bronze Horseman" is filled with deep meaning, although Pushkin wrote it in less than a month - on October 6, 1833, the poet began work on the work, and on October 31, the work was completed.
The plot of the poem
The plot of the poem "The Bronze Horseman" is quite simple: poor official Eugene, main character, challenged the founder of St. Petersburg, the Bronze Horseman, the statue of Peter the Great. The concept of a "little man" appears more than once in the works of Alexander Pushkin, and analyzing The Bronze Horseman, it is clear that this is one of such cases. The "little man" official Eugene experienced a terrible shock, having lost his bride during a flood in St. Petersburg, which was the reason for the insolence to which he dared the main character... And all that Evgeny wanted in his life was family happiness and modest wealth.
And now, a year later, the stormy time comes again. Eugene is flooded with memories of the past, and suddenly he sees the figure of a stone statue. Although the emperor acted as the savior of Russia, raising her from the abyss and founding the city of Peter, this brought misfortune to the fate of the poor official Eugene. And at this time, the proud statue stands on its hind legs, not even wanting to look down and help poor insignificant people.
You have read a brief analysis of the Bronze Horseman poem and found out what it is about. In addition, we introduced you to the main characters and the plot of the poem.
Pushkin A.S. The Bronze Horseman, 1833 The method is realistic.
The genre is a poem.
History of creation ... The poem "The Bronze Horseman" was written in Boldino in the fall of 1833. In this work, Pushkin describes one of the worst floods that occurred in 1824 and brought terrible destruction to the city.
There are two main characters in the work "The Bronze Horseman": Peter I, who is present in the poem in the form of a reviving statue of the Bronze Horseman, and a minor official Eugene. The development of the conflict between them determines the main idea of the work.
Plot... The work opens with "Entry", in which Peter the Great and his "creation" - Petersburg are famous. In the first part, the reader meets the main character - an official named Eugene. He lies down, but cannot fall asleep, entertained by thoughts of his situation, that bridges have been removed from the arriving river and that for two or three days this will separate him from his beloved Parasha, who lives on the other bank. The thought of Parasha gives birth to dreams of marriage and of a future happy and modest life with family, together with a loving and beloved wife and children. Finally, lulled by sweet thoughts, Eugene falls asleep.
However, very soon the weather deteriorates and the whole of St. Petersburg is under water. At this time, the motionless Eugene is sitting astride a marble statue of a lion on Petrova Square. He looks at the opposite bank of the Neva, where his beloved and her mother live in their poor house very close to the water. With his back to him, towering over the elements, "an idol stands with an outstretched hand on a bronze horse."
When the water subsides, Yevgeny discovers that Parasha and her mother have died, and their house is destroyed, and loses his mind. Almost a year later, Eugene vividly remembers the flood. By chance he finds himself at the monument to Peter the Great. Eugene threatens the monument in anger, but suddenly it seems to him that the face of the formidable tsar turns to him, and anger flashes in his eyes, and Eugene rushes away, hearing behind him the heavy clatter of copper hooves. All night, the unfortunate man rushes about the city, and it seems to him that the horseman with a heavy stomp is galloping after him everywhere.
NS problematic. The brutal clash of historical necessity with the doom of private life.
The problem of autocratic power and a disadvantaged people
"Where are you galloping, proud horse, and where will you lower your hooves?" - a question about the future Russian state.
Several thematic and emotional lines: the apotheosis of Peter and Petersburg, the dramatic narration of Eugene, the author's lyricism.
Concept: a symbolic clash of two polar opposite forces - an ordinary little man and an unlimited powerful force of an autocratic state
Evgeny The image of a shining, lively, magnificent city is replaced in the first part of the poem by a picture of a terrible, destructive flood, expressive images of a raging element, over which a person has no control. The element sweeps away everything in its path, carrying in the streams of water fragments of buildings and destroyed bridges, "belongings of pale poverty" and even coffins "from a washed-out cemetery." Among those whose lives were destroyed by the flood is Eugene, about whose peaceful concerns the author speaks at the beginning of the first part of the poem. Eugene is an “ordinary person” (“little” person): he has no money or ranks, “serves somewhere” and dreams of making himself a “humble and simple shelter” in order to marry his beloved girl and go through life with her.
The poem does not indicate either the hero's surname or his age, nothing is said about Eugene's past, his appearance, character traits. Having deprived Eugene of individual signs, the author turns him into an ordinary, faceless person from the crowd. However, in an extreme, critical situation, Evgeny seems to wake up from a dream, and throws off the mask of "nothingness" and opposes the "copper idol".
Peter I Starting from the second half of the 1820s, Pushkin has been looking for an answer to the question: can the autocratic government be reformatory and merciful? In this regard, he artistically explores personality and state activities"Tsar-reformer" Peter I.
Peter's theme was painful and painful for Pushkin. Throughout his life, he changed his attitude to this epochal image for Russian history more than once. For example, in the poem "Poltava" he glorifies the victorious tsar. At the same time, in Pushkin's synopses for the work "History of Peter I" Peter appears not only as a great statesman and a working tsar, but also as an autocratic despot, a tyrant.
Pushkin continues his artistic study of the image of Peter in The Bronze Horseman. The poem "The Bronze Horseman" completes the theme of Peter I in the work of Alexander Pushkin.
On the shore of desert waves
He stood, full of great thoughts,
And looked into the distance.
The author contrasts the monumental figure of the king with the image of a harsh and wildlife... The picture against which the figure of the king appears before us is bleak. Before Peter's gaze, a wide-spreading river rushing into the distance; around the forest, "unknown to the rays in the fog of the hidden sun." But the ruler's gaze is directed to the future. Russia must establish itself on the shores of the Baltic - this is necessary for the country's prosperity. His historical correctness is confirmed by the fulfillment of the “great thoughts”. A hundred years later, at the time when the plot events begin, the "city of Petrov" became a "full-length" (northern) "diva". At parades, "victorious banners" hover, along the banks "slender masses are crowded", ships come to the "rich marinas" "in a crowd from all corners of the earth."
The picture of St. Petersburg not only contains the answer to Peter's plan, it glorifies the sovereign power of Russia. This is a solemn hymn to her glory, beauty, royal power. The impression is created with the help of uplifting epithets ("city" - young, magnificent, proud, slender, rich, strict, radiant, unshakable), reinforced by the antithesis with the "desert" nature hostile to man and with her "poor", wretched "stepson" - a little man. If the huts of the Chukhonts "turned black ... here and there," the forest was "unknown" to the sun's rays, and the sun itself was hidden "in the fog," then main characteristic Petersburg becomes light. (shine, flame, radiance, golden skies, dawn).
Nature itself seeks to drive away the night, "spring days" have come for Russia; The odic meaning of the picture depicted is also confirmed by the fivefold repetition in the author's speech of the admired one "I love".
The author's attitude to Peter the Great is ambiguous . On the one hand, at the beginning of the work, Pushkin utters an enthusiastic hymn to the creation of Peter, confesses his love for the "young city", before the splendor of which "old Moscow has faded." Peter in the poem appears as an “Idol on a bronze horse”, as a “powerful lord of fate” ..
On the other hand, Peter the autocrat is presented in the poem not in any specific deeds, but in the symbolic image of the Bronze Horseman as the personification of inhuman statehood. Even in those lines where he admires Peter and Petersburg, an intonation of alarm is already heard:
O powerful lord of fate!
Are you not right above the abyss itself,
At a height, with an iron bridle
Has he reared Russia?
The tsar also appears as a "proud idol" before Eugene. And this idol is opposed to a living person, whose "brow" burns with wild excitement, in the heart there is "constraint", "flame", the soul "boils".
Conflict ... The Bronze Horseman's conflict consists in the clash of the individual with the inevitable course of history, in the confrontation between the collective, public will (in the person of Peter the Great) and the personal will (in the person of Eugene). How does Pushkin resolve this conflict?
Critics disagreed on which side Pushkin was on. Some believed that the poet substantiated the right of the state to dispose of a person's life and takes the side of Peter, since he understands the need and benefits of his transformations. Others consider the sacrifice of Eugene unjustified and believe that the author's sympathies are entirely on the side of the "poor" Eugene.
The third version seems to be the most convincing: Pushkin for the first time in Russian literature showed all the tragedy and insolubility of the conflict between the state and state interests and the interests of a private person.
Pushkin depicts the tragic conflict of two forces (personality and power, man and state), each of which has its own truth, but both of these truths are limited, incomplete. Peter is right as a sovereign, history is behind him and on his side. Eugene is right as an ordinary person, behind him and on his side - humanity and Christian compassion
The plot of the poem is completed, the hero died, but the central conflict remained and conveyed to the readers, which was not resolved in reality itself, there remained the antagonism of the "top" and "bottom", the autocratic power and the dispossessed people.
The Bronze Horseman's symbolic victory over Eugene is a victory of strength, but not justice. The question remains "" Where are you galloping, proud horse, and where will you lower your hooves? " It is metaphorically expressed main question for the author, the question of the future of the Russian state.
(Searching for an answer) The problem of people and power, the theme of mercy - in "The Captain's Daughter"... Even in troubled times honor and mercy must be preserved.
"... The best and most lasting changes are those that come from the improvement of morals, without any violent upheavals."
Human relationships should be built on respect and compassion
Good is life-giving
The image of the natural elements in the poem by Alexander Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman"
The Bronze Horseman is the first urbanistic poem in Russian literature. The problems of the poem are complex and multifaceted. The poem is a kind of poet's reflection on the fate of Russia, on its path: European, associated with the reforms of Peter, and original Russian. The attitude towards the deeds of Peter and towards the city that he founded has always been ambiguous. The history of the city was presented in a variety of myths, legends and prophecies. In some myths, Peter was portrayed as the "Father of the Fatherland", a deity who founded a kind of intelligent space, "glorious city", "dear country", a stronghold of state and military power. These myths originated in poetry and were officially encouraged. In other myths, Peter was the offspring of Satan, the living Antichrist, and St. Petersburg, founded by him, was a "non-Russian" city, satanic chaos, doomed to inevitable disappearance.
Pushkin created synthetic images of Peter and Petersburg. In them, both concepts complemented each other. The poetic myth about the founding of the city is developed in the introduction focused on the literary tradition, and the myth about its destruction, flooding - in the first and second parts of the poem.
Two parts of the story depict two rebellions against autocracy: the rebellion of the elements and the rebellion of man. In the final, both of these rebellions will be defeated: poor Eugene, who recently desperately threatened the Bronze Horseman, will put up with it, the enraged Neva will return to its mainstream.
Interestingly, the poem depicts the very riot of the elements. The Neva, once enslaved, "taken prisoner" by Peter, has not forgotten its "ancient enmity" and with "vain malice" rises against the enslaver. The "defeated element" is trying to crush its granite shackles and is attacking the "slender bulk of palaces and towers" that arose due to the mania of the autocratic Peter. The city turns into a fortress besieged by the Neva.
The Neva River, on which the city lies, indignant and violent:
In the morning over its shores
The people were crowded in heaps,
Admiring the splashes, mountains
AND foam of angry waters.
But by the force of the wind from the bay
Barred Neva
Walking back , angry, seething,
And flooded the islands.
… From indignant depths
the waves got up and got angry,
There the storm howled
There were debris ...
The story of the flood takes on a folklore and mythological coloration. The enraged Neva is compared now with a frenzied "beast", now with "thieves" climbing through the windows, now with a "villain" who burst into the village "with his fierce gang." The poem also mentions a river deity, the riot of the elements is compared with him:
… water suddenly
Flowed into underground cellars
Channels poured into the gratings,
And Petropolis surfaced like a newt,
He is immersed in water up to his waist.
For a minute, it seems that the "defeated element" is triumphant, that Fate itself is behind it: “The people \ See God's wrath and await execution. \ Alas! everything perishes ... "
The rebellion of the elements, depicted by Pushkin, helps to reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the work. On the one hand, the Neva, the water element is part of the urban landscape. On the other hand, the anger of the elements, its mythological coloring, remind the reader of the idea of St. Petersburg as a satanic city, non-Russian, doomed to destruction. Another function of the landscape is associated with the image of Eugene, the "little man". The flood destroys Yevgeny's modest dreams. It turned out to be disastrous not for the city center and its inhabitants, but for the poor who settled on the outskirts. For Evgeny, Peter is not "The sovereign of half the world", but only the culprit of the disasters that befell him, the one "... by whose will the fatal \ Under the sea the city was founded ...", who did not take into account the fate of small people who were not protected from disaster.
The surrounding reality turned out to be hostile for the hero, he is defenseless, but Eugene turns out to be worthy not only of sympathy and condolences, but at a certain moment evokes admiration. When Eugene threatens the "proud idol", his image takes on the features of genuine heroism. In these minutes, the miserable, humble inhabitant of Kolomna, who has lost his home, a beggar tramp, dressed in decayed rags, is completely reborn, strong passions, hatred, desperate determination, and the will for revenge flare up in him for the first time.
However, the Bronze Horseman achieves his goal: Eugene humbles himself. The second rebellion was defeated, like the first. As after the rampage of the Neva "everything went into the old order." Eugene again became the most insignificant of the insignificant, and in the spring his corpse, like a corpse
tramps, fishermen buried on a deserted island, "for God's sake."
Unified State Exam Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman"
Read the above piece of text and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.
Complete tasks B1-B7. Write your answer in the form of a word, a combination of words, or a sequence of numbers.
Then, on Petrova Square,
Where a new house has risen in the corner,
Where above the elevated porch
With a raised paw, as if alive,
There are two guard lions,
On a beast with a marble top,
Without a hat, hands clenched in a cross,
Sat motionless, terribly pale
Evgeny. He was afraid, poor man,
Not for yourself. He didn't hear
As the greedy shaft rose,
Washing his soles,
As the rain whipped in his face,
Like the wind, howling violently,
Suddenly he tore off his hat.
His desperate eyes
On the edge one is aimed
They were motionless. Like mountains
From indignant depths
Waves got up there and got angry,
There the storm howled, there they rushed
Wreckage ... God, God! there -
Alas! close to the waves,
Almost by the bay -
The fence is unpainted, and the willow
And a dilapidated house: there is one,
Widow and daughter, his Parasha,
His dream…. Or in a dream
Does he see it? il all ours
And life is nothing like an empty dream,
A mockery of heaven over earth?
And he, as if bewitched,
As if chained to marble,
Can't get off! Around him
Water and nothing else!
And turned his back to him
In the unshakable height
Over the indignant Neva
Stands with outstretched hand
An idol on a bronze horse.
IN 1... Specify the genre of the work
AT 2. In which city do the events described in this work take place?
Answer: __________________________________
OT. In The Bronze Horseman, Pushkin created a generalized artistic image Eugene as a "little man". What term is customary to call such images?
Answer: __________________________________
AT 4. In the above fragment, A.S. Pushkin uses a technique based on the repetition of homogeneous consonants. Name it.
… Like mountains
From indignant depths
Waves got up there and got angry,
There the storm was angry, there they rushed
Wreckage ...
Answer: __________________________________
AT 5. A.S. Pushkin calls Peter I "an idol on a bronze horse." Indicate a trope representing the replacement of a proper name with a descriptive phrase "
Answer: __________________________________
AT 6. Name the pictorial and expressive means of language based on the comparison of objects or phenomena.
… il all ours
And life is nothing like an empty dream,
A mockery of heaven over earth?
Answer: __________________________________
AT 7. The poet in The Bronze Horseman perceives the flood not only as a natural phenomenon, but also as an analogue of life's storms and hardships. What is the name of such a symbolic image, the meaning of which goes beyond the objective meaning?
Answer: __________________________________
To complete tasks C1 and C2, give a coherent answer to the question in the amount of 5-10 sentences. Rely on the author's position, if necessary, state your point of view. Argument your answer based on the text of the work. Performing task C2, select two works of different authors for comparison (in one of the examples, it is permissible to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in a given direction of analysis.
Write down the answers clearly and legibly, observing the norms of speech.
C1... What role does the description of various natural phenomena play in this fragment?
(C1. How did Yevgeny's fate change under the influence of the devastating flood?)
C2. In what works of Russian literature do natural forces participate in the destinies of the heroes, as in The Bronze Horseman, and in what ways are their roles similar?
As in the poem by A.S. Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" the power of the state is opposed to the tragedy of the "little man" Eugene?
We use quotes and terms !!!
1. In the introduction, it is necessary to say about the time of writing the work, about the theme or problems of the poem, name the conflict of the work, which is indicated in the topic.
2. In the main part of the essay, we reveal the main conflict of the work.
- The majestic image of Peter in the introduction to the poem. Glorification of the sovereign power of Russia. The historical necessity of the foundation of the city.
- The tragedy of the "little man" Eugene.
- A symbolic clash of two polar opposite forces - an ordinary little man and the unlimited powerful force of the autocratic state in the images of the Bronze Horseman and Eugene.
Conflict resolution. The victory of strength, but not justice.
3. In conclusion:
- a specific answer to the question stated in the topic. (How ...? - Symbolically in the images of a flood as an analogue of life's storms and hardships. Symbolically in the images of the Bronze Horseman and the driven, humbled Eugene.
The poem "The Bronze Horseman" by A.S. Pushkin is one of the most perfect creations of the poet. In its syllable it resembles "Eugene Onegin", and in its content it is close at the same time to history and mythology. This work reflects the thoughts of A.S. Pushkin about Peter the Great and absorbed various opinions about the reformer.
The poem became the final work from those written during the Boldinskaya autumn. At the end of 1833, The Bronze Horseman was completed.
At the time of Pushkin, there were two types of people - some idolized Peter the Great, while others attributed to him a relationship with Satan. On this basis, myths were born: in the first case - the reformer was called the Father of the Fatherland, they talked about an unprecedented mind, the creation of a city-paradise (Petersburg), in the second - they prophesied the collapse of the city on the Neva, accused Peter the Great of connections with dark forces, called the Antichrist.
The essence of the poem
The poem begins with a description of Petersburg, A.S. Pushkin emphasizes the uniqueness of the construction site. Evgeny lives in the city - the most ordinary employee, poor, does not want to get rich, it is more important for him to remain an honest and happy family man. Financial well-being is required only for the need to provide for your beloved Parasha. The hero dreams of marriage and children, dreams of meeting old age with his beloved girl hand in hand. But his dreams were not destined to come true. The work describes the flood of 1824. A terrible time when people died of waters by layers of water, when the Neva raged and swallowed the city with its waves. It is in such a flood that Parasha perishes. Eugene, on the other hand, shows courage during a disaster, does not think about himself, tries to see the house of his beloved in the distance and runs to him. When the storm dies down, the hero hurries to the familiar gate: here is a willow, but there is no gate and there is no house either. This picture broke young man, he dragged doom through the streets of the northern capital, leads the life of a wanderer and every day relives the events of that fateful night. In one of these turbidity he stumbles upon a house in which used to live and sees a statue of Peter the Great on a horse - the Bronze Horseman. He hates the reformer for building a city on the water that killed his beloved. But suddenly the rider comes to life and rushes angrily towards the offender. The vagrant will later die.
In the poem, the interests of the state and an ordinary person collide. On the one hand, Petrograd was called northern Rome, on the other, its foundation on the Neva was dangerous for the inhabitants, and the flood of 1824 confirms this. Eugene's spiteful speeches addressed to the reformer ruler are interpreted in different ways: first, it is a rebellion against the autocracy; the second is the revolt of Christianity against paganism; the third is the pitiful murmur of a little man, whose opinion is not put in line with the strength necessary for changes on a national scale (that is, to achieve grandiose goals, you always have to sacrifice something, and the mechanism of collective will will not stop the trouble of one person).
Genre, verse size and composition
The Bronze Horseman genre is a poem written, like Eugene Onegin, with iambic tetrameter. The composition is rather strange. Has an exorbitantly long introduction, which can generally be regarded as a separate independent work. Then there are 2 parts, which tell about the main character, the flood and the clash with the Bronze Horseman. There is no epilogue in the poem, more precisely, it is not singled out by the poet himself separately - the last 18 lines about the island on the seaside and the death of Eugene.
Despite the non-standard structure, the work is perceived as a whole. Compositional parallelisms create this effect. Peter the Great lived 100 years earlier than the protagonist, but this does not prevent him from creating a feeling of the presence of a reformer ruler. His personality is expressed through the Bronze Horseman monument; but the person of Peter herself appears at the beginning of the poem, in the introduction, when it comes to the military and economic significance of Petersburg. A.S. Pushkin also carries the idea of the reformer's immortality, because even after his death, innovations appeared and for a long time the old ones had power, that is, he launched that heavy and clumsy machine of changes in Russia.
So, the figure of the ruler appears throughout the entire poem, now as his own person, now in the form of a monument, he is revived by the muddied mind of Eugene. The time interval of the narration between the introduction and the first part is 100 years, but, despite such a sharp jump, the reader does not feel it, since A.S. Pushkin linked the events of 1824 with the so-called "culprit" of the flood, because it was Peter who built the city on the Neva. It is interesting to note that this book on the construction of composition is completely uncommon for the Pushkin style, it is an experiment.
Characteristics of the main characters
- Eugene - we know little about him; lived in Kolomna, served there. He was poor, but did not have an addiction to money. Despite the perfect ordinary character of the hero, and he would easily be lost among a thousand of the same gray inhabitants of St. Petersburg, he has a lofty and bright dream that fully meets the ideals of many people - to marry his beloved girl. He - as Pushkin himself liked to call his characters - "the hero of the French novel." But his dreams were not destined to come true, Parasha dies in the flood of 1824, and Eugene goes crazy. The poet drew us a weak and insignificant young man, whose face is instantly lost against the background of the figure of Peter the Great, but even this man in the street has his own goal, which in strength and nobility is commensurate with or even surpasses the personality of the Bronze Horseman.
- Peter the First - in the introduction his figure is presented as a portrait of the Creator, Pushkin recognizes an incredible mind in the ruler, but emphasizes despotism. First, the poet shows that although the emperor is higher than Eugene, he is not higher than God and the elements that are not subject to him, but the power of Russia will pass through all adversity and remain unharmed and unshakable. The author has repeatedly noticed that the reformer was too autocratic, did not pay attention to the troubles of ordinary people who became victims of his global transformations. Probably, opinions on this topic will always differ: on the one hand, tyranny - poor quality, which the ruler should not have, but on the other hand, would such extensive changes be possible if Peter were softer? Everyone answers this question for himself.
Subject
The clash between power and the common man is the main theme of the Bronze Horseman poem. In this work, A.S. Pushkin reflects on the role of the individual in the fate of an entire state.
The Bronze Horseman personifies Peter the Great, whose reign was close to despotism and tyranny. With his hand, reforms were introduced that completely change the course of ordinary Russian life. But when wood is cut down, chips inevitably fly. Can a little man find his own happiness when such a lumberjack does not consider his interests? The poem answers - no. In this case, the collision of interests of the authorities and the people is inevitable, of course, the latter remain the losers. A.S. Pushkin reflects on the structure of the state in Peter's times and on the fate of a particular hero taken in it - Eugene, coming to the conclusion that the empire is cruel to people in any case, and whether its greatness is worth such sacrifices is an open question.
The creator also addresses the topic of tragic loss. loved one... Eugene cannot withstand the loneliness and grief of loss and does not find what to cling to in life if there is no love.
Problematic
- In the poem "The Bronze Horseman" A.S. Pushkin raises the problem of the individual and the state. Evgeny is a native of the people. He is the most ordinary petty official, he lives from hand to mouth. His soul is full of high feelings for Parasha, with whom he dreams of marrying. The Bronze Horseman monument becomes the face of the state. In oblivion of the mind, the young man stumbles upon the house in which he lived before the death of his beloved and before his madness. His gaze stumbles upon the monument, and his sick mind revives the statue. Here it is, the inevitable clash between the individual and the state. But the rider angrily chases after Eugene, pursues him. How dare the hero grumble at the emperor ?! The reformer thought on a larger scale, considering plans for the future in full-length dimension, as he looked at his creations from a bird's eye view, without peering at the people who were overwhelmed by his innovations. The people sometimes suffered from Peter's decisions, just as now they sometimes suffer from ruling hand... The monarch erected a beautiful city, which during the floods of 1824 became a cemetery for many residents. But he disregards the opinion ordinary people, a feeling is created that with his thoughts he went far ahead of his time, and even after a hundred years, not everyone could comprehend his plan. Thus, a person is in no way protected from the arbitrariness of higher persons, his rights are grossly and with impunity violated.
- The problem of loneliness also worried the author. The hero could not endure a day of life without a second half. Pushkin reflects on how vulnerable and vulnerable we are, how the mind is not strong and subject to suffering.
- The problem of indifference. No one helped the townspeople to evacuate, no one corrected the consequences of the storm, and officials did not even dream of compensating the families of the victims and social support for the victims. The state apparatus showed amazing indifference to the fate of its subjects.
The state in the form of the Bronze Horseman
For the first time we come across the image of Peter the Great in the poem "The Bronze Horseman" in the introduction. Here the ruler is portrayed as the Creator who conquered the elements and built a city on the water.
The emperor's reforms were disastrous for the common people, since they were guided only by the nobility. Yes, and she had a hard time: remember how Peter forcibly cut the boyars' beards. But the main victim of the monarch's ambitions was the ordinary working people: it was he who paved the road to the northern capital for hundreds of lives. A city on bones - here it is - the personification of the state machine. It was comfortable for Peter himself and his entourage to live in the innovations, because they saw only one side of new affairs - progressive and beneficial, but that destructive action and “ side effects"These changes fell on the shoulders of" little "people, no one worried. The elite looked at the Peter drowning in the Neva from the "high balconies" and did not feel all the sorrows of the water base of the city. Peter perfectly reflects the categorical absolutist state system- there will be reforms, but the people "will somehow live."
If at first we see the Creator, then closer to the middle of the poem the poet propagandizes the idea that Peter the First is not God and that he is not completely able to cope with the elements. At the end of the work, we contemplate only a stone likeness of the former ruler, sensational in Russia. A year later, the Bronze Horseman became only an excuse for unreasonable experience and fear, but this is just a fleeting feeling of a madman.
What is the meaning of the poem?
Pushkin created a multifaceted and ambiguous work, which must be evaluated from the point of view of ideological and thematic content. The meaning of the poem "The Bronze Horseman" lies in the confrontation between Eugene and the Bronze Horseman, personality and state, which criticism deciphers in different ways. So, the first meaning is the opposition of paganism and Christianity. Peter was often awarded the title of Antichrist, and Eugene opposes such thoughts. Another thought: the hero is a philistine, and the reformer is a genius, they live in different worlds and do not understand each other. The author, however, recognizes that both types are needed for the harmonious existence of a civilization. The third meaning - in the person of the protagonist, the rebellion against autocracy and despotism was personified, which the poet propagated, because he belonged to the Decembrists. The same helplessness of the uprising, he allegorically retold in a poem. And yet another interpretation of the idea is a pathetic and doomed attempt by a "little" person to change and reverse the course of the state machine.
Without love for the city, without love for the native country and its history, it was impossible to create such a work, in which every line breathes with glee, love or admiration. Such is A.S. Pushkin.
The poem describes the largest and most destructive flood in the history of St. Petersburg. The poet himself was in Mikhailovsky during the flood, and he could only know about the destructive disaster from magazines and letters from witnesses of this disaster. And if we remember that in 1824 there were no cameras, and even more so, video cameras, then one can only admire the reliability and accuracy with which the poet describes the raging elements.
He began writing the poem in 1833, during his stay in Boldino. The entire poem consists of three parts:
- Introduction.
- First part.
- The second part.
The composition of the poem is based on contrasts:
- The power of nature, which means that God over all people - from kings to the last trader or fisherman.
- The power of kings and others like them is over little people.
It should not be forgotten that by the age of 34, when this poem was being written, Pushkin had parted with youthful maximalism, and freedom acquired a somewhat different meaning for him than simply the overthrow of the autocracy. And although the censors found lines in the poem that threaten the security of the state, there is not even a half hint of the overthrow of the tsarist government.
The introduction is an enthusiastic ode dedicated to St. Petersburg and its creator -. It uses the archaisms inherent in the ode and sublime words: thoughts of the great, city,
full of countries, beauty and wonder, from the swamp of criminality, porphyry.
This part of the poem is a small excursion into the history of St. Petersburg. A.S. Pushkin briefly describes the history of the city. This poem contains the words that have become winged, defining the policy of Emperor Peter I:
And he thought:
From here we will threaten the Swede,
Here the city will be laid
To the evil of the haughty neighbor.
Nature is destined for us here
Cut a window to Europe
Stand firm by the sea.
Here on new waves
All flags will visit us,
And we'll lock it in the open.
Pushkin was interested Russian history, and in particular, the personality of the first reformer, his transformations, methods of government, attitude towards people reflected in his decrees. The poet could not help but pay attention to the fact that state reforms, even progressive ones that awakened sleepy Russia, were breaking destinies ordinary people... Thousands of people were taken to the construction of the city, which the poet admired so much, separating them from their relatives and friends. Others died on the fields of the Swedish and Turkish wars.
In the first chapter, the poem begins with an exposition. In it, the reader meets the main character of the poem - Eugene, a poor nobleman who has to serve in order to
deliver yourself,
And independence and honor;
The solemn style of the ode is replaced by an ordinary narration. Eugene comes home from service, completely tired, goes to bed and dreams of the future. For the plot of the poem, it does not matter at all where Yevgeny serves, in what rank and how old he is. Because he is one of many. Little man from the crowd.
Eugene has a fiancée, and he imagines marrying a girl. Over time, children will appear, then grandchildren, whom they will raise, and who will then bury him. Outside the window, the weather raged, the rain knocked on the windows, and Yevgeny understood that because of the stormy weather he would not get to the other side.
Through the reflections and dreams of the protagonist, the poet shows what kind of person he is. A petty clerk, a little jealous of the happy idle people, The mind of the shortsighted, the sloths, For whom life is so easy! The ingenuous and honest Eugene dreams of a family and a career.
The next morning the Neva overflowed its banks and flooded the city. The description of the element is an admiration for the power of nature. The riot of nature from an expositional description at night turns into a defining part of the plot, in which the Neva comes to life and represents a threatening force.
The flood poems are great. In them, the Neva is represented by a revived beast that pounced on the city. The poet compares her to thieves who climb into windows. To describe the elements, Pushkin used the epithets: violent, furious, angry, seething. The poems are full of verbs: it was torn, not having overcome, it flooded, became ferocious, swelled, roared.
Eugene himself, fleeing the riot of water, climbed onto the palace lion. Sitting on the king of beasts, he worried about people dear to him - Parasha and her mother, completely oblivious to how the water licks his feet.
Not far from it stood the Bronze Horseman - a famous monument to Emperor Peter I. The monument stands unshakably, and even the waves of the raging elements cannot shake it.
In this episode, the reader sees the confrontation between the unshakable Bronze Horseman and a little man who is capable of falling off the lion at any moment into a turbid, seething element.
“The picture of the flood was painted by Pushkin with paints that a poet of the last century, who was obsessed with the idea of writing an epic poem The Flood ... the greatest poetry ", this is how V. Belinsky described the pictures of the flood.
The second chapter describes the consequences of the flood, and how the life of Eugene developed. Once
satiated with destruction
And getting tired of arrogant riot,
The Neva was dragged back
within the limits of his shores, Eugene, anxious about the fate of his beloved, found a boatman who agreed to ferry him to the other side. Here Pushkin again compares the river to a gang of villains. The river has not yet completely calmed down, the boat bounces on the waves, but this does not bother Eugene.
Arriving on the street where Parasha lived, he found that there was no house or gate in the same place. This struck the unfortunate young man so deeply that he lost his mind. Parasha and her mother were the only dear people to him. Having lost them, he lost the meaning of life. The little man was, moreover, too weak to withstand the misfortune that befell him.
He did not return to his home, and the owner in a few days rented out his apartment to the "poor poet". Eugene wandered around the city all day, not seeing anything in front of him. Sometimes people out of pity gave him a piece of bread, the coachman mercilessly lashed him with a whip when he climbed under the horses' hooves.
But one day, passing by Copper Peter, Eugene shook his fist at him. And it seemed to him that the expression on the emperor's face had changed, and he himself heard behind his back the clatter of the hooves of a galloping horseman. After this event, Eugene tried to walk past the monument with his head bowed. Of course, neither mystically nor realistically, the rider did not leave his seat. With this episode, the poet shows how upset the psyche of his hero was.
One fine day, Evgeny's lifeless body was found on a small, deserted island. This is how the young man's life ended. This is where the poem ends.
Standing on the balcony, Alexander is the first to admit with bitterness:
"With God's element
The kings cannot cope. "
The Bronze Horseman, personifying Tsar Peter, is opposed to the little man. By doing this, Pushkin himself wants to show that the tsars are subject to many things. They can command nations, force them to build a city, influence other countries. Small people cannot always arrange their own destiny the way they want. But neither kings nor ordinary people have power over the forces of nature, over the elements of God.
Not overbearing. But unlike small people living in dilapidated houses and basements, kings are better protected. Alexander I stands on the balcony of a palace built by little people. The Bronze Horseman is set on a stone, which was also brought here by ordinary peasants. Kings rule, but they move history and build cities by the most defenseless little people.
Alexander Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman" combined both historical and social issues. This is the author's reflection on Peter the Great as a reformer, a collection of different opinions and assessments about his actions. This poem is one of his perfect compositions with philosophical meaning... We offer for acquaintance a brief analysis of the poem, the material can be used to work in literature lessons in grade 7.
Brief analysis
Year of writing- 1833
History of creation- During his "golden autumn", when Pushkin was forced to stay in the Boldin estate, the poet had a creative upsurge. During that "golden" time, the author created many brilliant works that made a great impression on both the public and critics. One of such works of the Boldin period was the poem "The Bronze Horseman".
Topic- The reign of Peter the Great, the attitude of society to his reforms - the main theme of the "Bronze Horseman"
Composition- The composition consists of a large introduction, it can be considered as a separate poem, and two parts, which deal with the main character, the devastating flood of 1824, and the meeting of the hero with the Bronze Horseman.
genre- The Bronze Horseman genre is a poem.
Direction - Historical poem describing actual events, direction- realism.
History of creation
At the very beginning of the history of the creation of the poem, the writer was in the Boldinsky estate. He pondered a lot about the history of the Russian state, about its rulers and autocratic power. At that time, society was divided into two types of people - some fully supported the policy of Peter the Great, treated him with adoration, and the other type of people found in the great emperor a resemblance to evil spirits, considered him a fiend of hell, and accordingly treated him.
The writer listened to different opinions about the reign of Peter, the result of his reflections and the collection of various information was the poem "The Bronze Horseman", which completed his heyday of creativity, the year of writing the poem - 1833.
Topic
In The Bronze Horseman, the analysis of the work displays one of the main topics- the power and the little man. The author reflects on the rule of the state, on the collision of a small man with a huge colossus.
Myself meaning of the name- "The Bronze Horseman" - contains the main idea of the poetic work. The monument to Peter is made of bronze, but the author preferred a different epithet, more ponderous and gloomy. So, through expressive artistic means, the poet describes a powerful state machine, for which the problems of small people suffering from the power of autocratic rule are indifferent.
In this poem, little man's conflict with power has no continuation, a person is so small for the state, when "the forest is cut - the chips fly."
It is possible to judge in different ways about the role of one person in the fate of the state. In his introduction to the poem, the author characterizes Peter the Great as a man of amazing intelligence, far-sighted and decisive. While in power, Peter looked far ahead, he thought about the future of Russia, about her power and invincibility. The actions of Peter the Great can be judged in different ways, accusing him of despotism and tyranny in relation to the common people. You cannot justify the actions of a ruler who built power on the bones of people.
Composition
The ingenious idea of Pushkin in the peculiarities of the composition of the poem serves as proof of the poet's creative skill. The long introduction dedicated to Peter the Great and the city he built can be read as an independent work.
The language of the poem has absorbed everything genre originality, emphasizing the attitude of the author to the events he describes. In the description of Peter and Petersburg, the language is pretentious, stately, completely in harmony with the image of the emperor, the great and powerful.
The story of a simple Eugene is in a completely different language. The narrative speech about the hero goes in the usual language, reflects the essence of the "little man".
The greatest genius of Pushkin is clearly visible in this poem, it is all written by one poetic size but in different places works, sounds completely different. The two parts of the poem following the introduction can also be considered a separate work. These parts talk about an ordinary person who lost his girlfriend in a flood.
Eugene blames the monument to Peter for this, implying in it the emperor himself - the autocrat. A person who dreams of simple human happiness has lost the meaning of life, having lost the most precious thing - he has lost his beloved girl, his future. It seems to Eugene that the Bronze Horseman is chasing him. Eugene understands that the autocrat is cruel and ruthless. Crushed by grief, the young man goes mad, and then dies, left without the meaning of life.
It can be concluded that in this way the author continues the theme of the "little man" developed at that time in Russian literature. By this he proves how despotic the government is in relation to the common people.
main characters
genre
The work "The Bronze Horseman" belongs to the genre of a poetic poem with a realistic direction.
The poem is large-scale in its deep content, it includes both historical and philosophical issues. There is no epilogue in the poem, and the contradictions between the little man and the whole state remain open.