Three dot symbol. What do dots mean in different cases

Reference book on the Russian language. Punctuation Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 68. Ellipsis and other signs

1. After a question or exclamation mark, not three dots are put (the usual type of ellipsis), but two (the third dot is under one of the named signs): How much longer to live in the world? ..(TV); How did you play yesterday?(Sharp)

2. When an ellipsis meets a comma, the latter is absorbed by an ellipsis, which indicates not only the omission of words, but also the omission of a punctuation mark: His wife ... however, they were completely pleased with each other(G.).

From the book Handbook of the Russian language. Punctuation author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 4. Ellipsis 1. An ellipsis is used to indicate the incompleteness of the statement caused by various reasons (the speaker's excitement, external interference, etc.): Oh, so you ... - I sang the whole summer without a soul (Kr.); “And you are not afraid…” - “What am I not afraid of?” - "... make a mistake?"; "AND

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (MN) of the author TSB

§ 55. Ellipsis in quotations 1. If the quotation is not given in full, then the omission is indicated by an ellipsis, which is placed: 1) before the quotation (after opening quotes), syntactically not related to the author's text, to indicate that the quotation is not given from the beginning

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 66. Quotation marks and other signs 1. Period, comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before closing quotation marks (all these signs can only appear after quotation marks): Some voted “for”, others “against”, but the first were majority; I've had enough of your "buts", I

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 67. Parentheses and other signs 1. A comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before the opening or closing bracket; all these signs are placed only after the closing bracket (with the exception of the case specified in § 26): Ovsyanikov adhered to ancient customs not from

From the book A New Approach to Reading the Palm author Webster Richard

§ 68. Dots and other signs 1. After a question or exclamation mark, not three dots are put (the usual type of ellipsis), but two (the third dot stands under one of the above signs): How long to live in the world? .. (TV.); And how did you play yesterday! .. (Ostr.) 2. At the meeting"

From the author's book

§ 78. Ellipsis 1. An ellipsis is placed to indicate the incompleteness of the statement caused by various reasons, to indicate breaks in speech, an unexpected transition from one thought to another, etc., for example: In the department ... but it is better not to name in which department

From the author's book

§ 125. Ellipsis in quotations 1. If the quotation is not given in full, then the gap is indicated by an ellipsis, which is placed: 1) before the quotation (after the opening quotation marks), syntactically unrelated to the author's text, to indicate that the quotation is not given from the beginning

From the author's book

§ 135. Quotation marks and other signs 1. Period, comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before closing quotation marks; all of these characters can only appear after quotes. For example: Some voted “for”, others “against”, but the first had a clear majority; Erase everything on the map

From the author's book

§ 136. Brackets and other signs 1. A comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before the opening or closing bracket; all these signs are placed only after the closing bracket, for example: It was Pyotr Gerasimovich (Nekhlyudov never knew, and even boasted a little that

From the author's book

§ 137. Dots and other signs 1. Two dots are put after a question or exclamation mark (the third dot is under one of the above signs), for example: How long to live in the world? .. (Tvardovsky); And how did you play yesterday! .. (A. N. Ostrovsky).2. When meeting dots with

From the author's book

CHAPTER 10 Other Signs in the Palm In addition to hills, lines, and skin patterns, you will find other signs in the palm of your hand that you can sometimes use to expand your analysis. The most important ones are squares, crosses, triangles and stars. They can be seen both on the main lines and along

ellipsis(ellipsis, from the Greek. ellipsis - blankness) - an independent typographic sign, a kind of outflow, consisting of three dots in a row, is used to indicate a hidden meaning, features oral speech(sigh, pause, thoughtfulness), understatement, or to exclude certain words from the text, for example, when quoting.

Ellipsis can be horizontal, vertical and diagonal.

Once again, I would like to emphasize that the ellipsis is a separate, independent typographic sign and, be that as it may, it differs from three dots. In this case, the ellipsis can be formed by both an exclamation mark and a question mark.
What is the difference between the ellipsis and three dots that led to its appearance? When typing three points, they seem to merge into one continuous line, so that this does not happen, the points began to bounce off each other with additional spaces. Thus, the set began to look more even and pleasing to the eye. This is the eternal “struggle” of display fonts with text fonts: a text font always strives for even gray, as if trying to turn into a ribbon, and a display font, on the contrary, tries to be as bright and unusual as possible, to cheer up the line in order to attract the reader’s eye.

Technical reference

So that the dots in the ellipsis do not merge into a solid line, they bounce off each other (the distance between the dots increases). The exception is monospace fonts, where each character has the same width, i.e. ellipsis fits in one character and becomes shorter, and three dots, respectively, in three characters! But this means that when typing in a monospace font, you need to use punctuation marks, focusing on their further fate: if these are texts for a site that is likely to be designed in a non-monospaced font, then you should use ellipsis, and if comments in the code - three dots.

Has UTF code 2026. HTML codes & hellip; and and ASCII code 133 (Alt+0133)

History reference

The ellipsis has been used since BC. and to name the exact dates of the appearance of this symbol is not possible and is not necessary in the context of this article. The ellipsis was also used in Ancient Greece to replace the fact “which is already clear to everyone”, for example, an ellipsis could end the phrase “don’t poke your nose into your own business”, like this: “don’t poke your nose ...”. This is the most primitive example, you can think of an analogy yourself. Similarly, the Greeks and Romans used ellipsis in syntactical constructions, which looked unfinished and in constructions due to the peculiarities of Latin.
But even understandable constructions with dots, in the case of their repeated combination, turn into a bunch of incoherent words that have no boundaries. This is what Quintilian (Quintilianus, in Latin) spoke about in his writings, calling for the use of ellipsis only in those cases where “everything is already clear”! This, of course, caused controversy: how to figure out where it is clear and where it is not. I want to repeat that these problems were caused, in many respects, by the peculiarities of the language and are characteristic of the European community, but not Russian, the Russian language is distinguished by language structures.

The first to use ellipsis in Russia was Karamzin in the 18th century. And initially it was used as an artistic device, mainly in prose, to express the emotional component, and only then migrated to ordinary texts as a symbol of understatement and incompleteness, discontinuity, etc.
The prelude is finally over and we can get down to the real issues of using the ellipsis in practice. Hooray!

Rules of use

When is an ellipsis used?

To show speech pauses (even in the middle of words):

To indicate that the beginning or end of a quotation does not match the beginning or end of a sentence in the quoted text, for example:
Pushkin, evaluating all his predecessors, wrote: "... Some of Derzhavin's odes, despite the incorrectness of the language and the unevenness of the style, are filled with impulses of genius ...".

To indicate a gap within a quote, for example:
Marx wrote that "language ... is practical, existing for other people and only thereby also existing for myself, real consciousness."

At the beginning of a text or sentence in order to reflect the inconsistency of thought, or a large time interval separating the sentence from the previous one.
"... Wa... wa... wa... Your Excellency," whispered Popov.

In places where the end of the phrase is well known, for example:
"Who will you hang out with..."
"wanted the best..."

To indicate intervals (along with a dash and division sign ÷)
+7…+9С
15…19 kilograms

In mathematics

To skip numbers in a sequence:
1 + 2 + 3 +…+ 10

To write periodic fractions or transcendental numbers:
1/3 = 0,33333333…
Pi = 3.14159…

In Runet

To display a continuing list of pages, for example in search results, it is sometimes formatted as a link:
… 2 3 4 5 6 7…
1…15 16 17

As a list of item numbers displayed on the current page or next in the page navigation list:
1…15 16…30 31…45

Terms of use

How to use it correctly?

The ellipsis escapes next word space and does not break off from the previous word:
There is darkness all around... and only small lights of the city in the distance...
When both an ellipsis and a comma occur in the same place, the comma is absorbed by the ellipsis:
My work... but, by the way, let's not talk about it.
When both ellipsis and question or exclamation marks occur in the same place, they are combined using a question or exclamation mark point:
Well, what are you thinking again?
In this case, the distance between the question mark and the dot should be reduced. And if there is an exclamation-question mark, then one point is added!
Yes, how much can you dig, in the end?!.
In direct speech, if there is a dash after the ellipsis, then it (the dash) does not beat off the ellipsis with a space:
"Have you thought?.. Are you sure?.." she said in a weak voice.
If there are quotation marks or brackets after the ellipsis, then they are not separated by a space from the ellipsis:
He said: “I don’t understand your words…”
If an ellipsis occurs in a heading in a separate line, then, like an exclamation mark and question marks, it doesn't go down. It is worth noting that the dot is omitted in this case.
Looking for the truth...
or
Will Microsoft buy Yahoo...
If an ellipsis is at the beginning of a sentence, it is not set off with a space:
... The night passed and the first rays of the sun played on the tops of the trees.
In set to space, the spaces between the ellipsis and the previous word must be unchanged:
Again and again…
but not
Again and again …
In numerical intervals, the ellipsis is not beaten off by spaces:
1…3
+29…+31
If the quotation is incomplete, then the omission is indicated by an ellipsis, which is put:
- before a quote (after opening quotes), syntactically unrelated to the author's text, to indicate that the quote is not given from the beginning of the sentence: L. N. Tolstoy wrote:
  “... in art, simplicity, brevity and clarity are the highest perfection of the art form, which is achieved only with great talent and great work”;
- in the middle of a quote, when part of the text inside it is missing:
  Talking about the virtues of language folk poetry, the speaker recalled: “It is no coincidence that our Russian classics ... recommended reading fairy tales, listening to folk speech, study proverbs, read writers who have all the richness of Russian speech”;
- after a quotation (before the closing quotes), when the quoted sentence is not completed to the end:
  Speaking in defense of the culture of oral speech, Chekhov wrote: “In fact, for an intelligent person, speaking badly should be considered as indecent as not being able to read and write ...”
A quotation ending with an ellipsis is followed by a period if the quotation is not a separate sentence:
M. V. Lomonosov wrote that “beauty, splendor, strength and wealth Russian language It is clear enough from books written in past centuries ... ".
If large parts of the text or entire sentences are cut out when quoting, then it is customary to surround the ellipsis with angle brackets:
The article was sharp, sharp, but although Pushkin, starting the publication of the journal, “did not at all strive to exacerbate the journal controversy<…>, but Pushkin appreciated Gogol's article and accepted it in the first issue, advising the author to soften the most harsh expressions " quote taken from

Dictionary Ushakov

ellipsis

ellipsis, dots, cf. (gram., type of.). A punctuation mark in the form of three (or more) dots placed side by side in a line.

Dictionary of linguistic terms

ellipsis

Punctuation used:

1) to indicate the incompleteness of the statement caused by the speaker's excitement, a break in logical development thoughts, an external hindrance, to indicate hitches or breaks in speech. Friend Mozart, these tears... do not notice them.(Pushkin) - Oh, so you ... - I sang the whole summer without a soul(Krylov). Listen, let me go... Drop me off somewhere... I've never been in such cases... First time... I'll be lost, after all...(Bitter);

2) at the beginning of the text to indicate that the presentation continues, interrupted by a large insert, or that the events described in this passage of text and in the previous one are separated by a long period of time. ... Too forty years have passed since this morning, and all his life Matvey Kozhemyakin, remembering him, felt in his battered and sick heart a carefully and imperishably preserved feeling of gratitude to the woman-fate who once smiled at him with a fiery and burning smile(Bitter);

3) to indicate a long pause during an unexpected transition from one thought to another between complete sentences. Dubrovsky was silent... Suddenly he raised his head, his eyes sparkled, he stamped his foot, pushed the secretary away...(Pushkin);

4) at the beginning, middle, or end of a quotation to indicate that part of the quoted text is missing.

encyclopedic Dictionary

ellipsis

punctuation mark (...), which serves to indicate the intermittent nature of speech, the incompleteness of a statement or a gap in the text.

Ozhegov's dictionary

MUCH O CHIE, I, cf.

1. punctuation mark in three a series of dots (...), meaning reticence, the possibility of continuing the text.

Dictionary of Efremova

ellipsis

cf.
1. A punctuation mark in the form of three dots placed next to each other, used to indicate a break in speech (when the statement is incomplete or when there are pauses within it).
2. A series of dots indicating a gap in the text.

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

ellipsis

A punctuation mark used in cases where it is necessary to depict a certain uncertainty or understatement of thought, excitement caused by some feeling, event or natural phenomenon, etc. Examples: "The sun is higher and higher. The grass is drying quickly. It's already hot an hour passes, another ... The sky darkens around the edges ", etc. (Turgenev, "Forest and Steppe"); "grass, bushes, everything suddenly darkened ... Hurry! Looks like you can see a hay shed ... hurry! .. You ran, entered ... What a rain!" etc. (ibid.); "and the gaze of her (golden fish) green eyes was sad, tender and deep ... (Lermontov's "Mtsyri"), etc.

S. B-h.

Russian language dictionaries

Reference book on the Russian language. Punctuation Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 4. Ellipsis

1. Ellipsis is put to indicate the incompleteness of the statement caused by various reasons (the speaker's excitement, external interference, etc.): Ah, so you ... - I sang the whole summer without a soul(Cr.); “And you are not afraid…” - “What am I not afraid of?” - "... make a mistake?"; “And besides…” I thought, “and besides…”

2. Ellipsis placed to indicate breaks in speech, for hitches: In the department ... but it is better not to name in which department (G.); "Ah ... ah ... ah, how could it be otherwise," he stuttered(cf.: "Ah-ah-ah," he said drawlingly and understandingly.).

3. Ellipsis is placed at the end of a sentence to indicate that the enumeration could be continued: Over 50 works by Picasso, Renoir, Gauguin, Degas, Bernard, Modigliani, Cezanne, Monet…(gas.)

4. Ellipsis is put to indicate an unexpected transition from one thought to another: Dubrovsky was silent... Suddenly he raised his head, his eyes sparkled, he stamped his foot, pushed the secretary away...(P.)

5. Ellipsis at the beginning of the text indicates that the narration, interrupted by some insertion, continues or that a lot of time has passed between the events described in the previous text and in this one: ... Now let's go back to the beginning of this story, which lasted twenty years.

6. An ellipsis is placed when listing words with undisclosed content: Festivals… Competitions… Concerts…(name of a heading in a newspaper).

7. For ellipsis in quotations, see § 55.

8. On the combination of an ellipsis with a question or exclamation point, see § 68, paragraph 1.

From the book Handbook of the Russian language. Punctuation author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (MN) of the author TSB

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

From the author's book

§ 125. Ellipsis in quotations 1. If the quotation is not given in full, then the omission is indicated by an ellipsis, which is placed: 1) before the quotation (after opening quotes), syntactically not related to the author's text, to indicate that the quotation is not given from the beginning

From the author's book

ellipsis(...) - a punctuation mark in the form of several (three in Russian) dots placed next to each other. Serves to indicate the interruption of speech, the incompleteness of a statement or a gap in the text.

Russian language

In Russian, the ellipsis as one of the punctuation marks was first indicated in the grammar of A. Kh. Vostokov in 1831. Then it was called "sign stop".

Currently, in Russian, ellipsis is used in the following cases:

Sometimes ellipsis is used with question or exclamation marks. In these cases, only two dots are put after the sign: “!..” and “?..”. Examples:

But what is there to offer? .. And then they write, write ... Congress, some Germans ... The head swells. Take everything, and share it ... (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog").
It's getting light!.. Ah! how soon the night passed! (A. S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit").

Dots in other languages

The ellipsis exists in other languages, but the rules for using it vary from language to language.

In English (as well as in Russian) there are three dots in the ellipsis, but in Chinese it consists of 6 dots (2 groups of 3 dots).

In Unicode, an ellipsis (horizontal ellipsis ) has the code U+2026 , in HTML, an ellipsis corresponds to the name ... . In Windows, it is entered with the key combination Alt + 0133.

Maths

In mathematics, the ellipsis is used in the meaning of "and so on" and, in particular, means:

Use in computer science

In some programming languages (C/C++, etc.), the ellipsis is used to denote an arbitrary number of unknown arguments in a function declaration. For example:

int printf (const char * fmt , ...);

means that the printf function has the first argument of type const char * , and then there can be any number of arguments with arbitrary types.

In user interfaces, ellipsis on menu items and buttons usually means that the user will be required to enter additional data (usually in a separate dialog box) before the action associated with that interface element is performed.

Typography

There is no consensus on how to correctly type an ellipsis (one character, "...", or several "..."). Proponents of the first variant of the set cite as an argument the fact that if such a character exists, it serves to enrich the text. In addition, this set option saves bytes when using UTF-16 or UTF-32 . But when using the most common UTF-8 encoding, both options take 3 bytes. Also in favor of the second option (which is advocated, for example, by