The meaning of the word assonance in the dictionary of literary terms. What is assonance

First of all, assonance is used to create a special color within a literary text, especially a poetic text. In fact, assonance is a kind of tool in the hands of writers and poets, which each of them finds a unique use for. In literary criticism, assonance is often mentioned in conjunction with alliteration - a technique based on the repetition of consonant sounds. Often these techniques can be found within the same poetic text. For example, in an excerpt from a poem by S.Ya. Marshak:

Through the blue sky
The roar of thunder passed.

Assonance and alliteration in these lines are perfectly adjacent to each other, creating vivid image summer day. These two techniques are able to give a special musicality to poetic works or to convey the nature of the sound of a particular phenomenon, to make the text as a whole more expressive.

Functions of assonance in text

In addition, assonance, as it were, unites various words among themselves, and also distinguishes them from the background of the rest of the text with a special melody, rhythm and harmony. Each has a special duration and character of sound, the original use of various properties of sounds distinguishes the poetic languages of different authors.

Another function of assonance is to use it to create a special look. Such a rhyme is often called inaccurate or assonant. In this rhyme, only vowels are consonant. For example, "belt - train." It is known that in medieval poetry, assonance was one of the most common techniques for creating rhymes within a poetic text. Also in the 19th century (the Spaniards and the Portuguese) quite often used this technique in their poetry. It is believed that its popularity in these countries is associated with the phonetic features of their languages.

History of reception usage

Finding assonance in the original poetic texts of German poets is quite difficult. One of the rare and striking examples of the use of this technique is Schlegel's Alarcos. Basically, assonance is found in translated or imitative texts.

AT folk poetry Slavic assonance is a common, well-mastered phenomenon. Very often there are assonant rhymes, combined with alliteration in adjacent lines. Thus, the Slavs manifest themselves more or less developed.

Many authors of the 20th century also made extensive use of assonance in their texts. It remains no less popular in modern poetry. Some researchers attribute this to the "mental strain" of modern creators. The impossibility of harmony and peace allegedly does not allow them to use strict types of rhymes in their works.

Assonance

I- the repetition of homogeneous vowel sounds in verse, for example. “a son grew up without a smile at night”;

II- rhyme, where only stressed vowels coincide, and consonants coincide partially or do not coincide at all, for example. "sea" and "many". In the development of Romanesque medieval poetry, arithmetic plays a particularly important role (see Rhyme).

Literary encyclopedia. - In 11 tons; M .: publishing house of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Friche, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929-1939 .

Assonance

(French assonance - consonance), reception sound writing; stressed vowel repetition in different words one speech segment. Poets use it in syllabic and tonic verses to emphasize rhythm: “Happy and in who will visit and l this m and r ... "(F. I. Tyutchev," Cicero), "In the next d about me about kna about you…” (A. A. Blok, “Factory”).

Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .

Assonance

ASSONANCE- repetition of the same vowels. Assonance pursues the same goals as alliteration (see this word), and is, like the latter, often combined with it, a powerful means of expressiveness of poetic language. An example of the remarkable use of assonance is the following, noted by Vyacheslav Ivanov, among other passages from Pushkin's Gypsies - an excerpt:

Ah, quickly my youth

Flashed like a falling star.

But you, the time for love has passed

Even faster; only a year

Mariula loved me, -

Once, near Cahul waters

We met a strange camp

etc.

Throughout this passage, the "y" sounds, giving the verse a dull melodiousness.

But harmonization, of course, does not exhaust the meaning of assonance. The skillful arrangement of assonances, like alliteration, puts forward and combines individual words or their groups. And from this side, assonance, even more than alliteration, can enhance the semantic or purely sound meaning of the word. On the other hand, assonance sometimes becomes an important rhythmic moment (see rhythm). So, in syllabic versification (see versification), where the number of vowels is of primary importance, assonances emphasize the rhythm, fixing its pattern.

When characterizing assonances, one should take into account the different lengths of different vowels, from which the assonances receive a peculiar coloring. However, it must be borne in mind that the purely emotional impact of a known sound is not something permanently inherent in it, but depends on its environment. Thus, the assonance to "y" will not always have a dull melodiousness, as in the example given from "Gypsies".

Encountering in edge-sounding, assonance is a kind of approximate rhyme, for example, combinations: “train” and “belt” or (together with alliteration) “blue” and “name” - in this example it is assonating “and”, alliterating “n” and “m ". Approximate consonances of this kind are very common in modern poetry and supplant exact rhyme. This process externally marks the mood that reigns in the torn soul of modern poets and which prevents them from using such a means of complete harmonization of verse as rhyme.

Ya. Zundelovich. Literary encyclopedia: Dictionary of literary terms: In 2 volumes / Edited by N. Brodsky, A. Lavretsky, E. Lunin, V. Lvov-Rogachevsky, M. Rozanov, V. Cheshikhin-Vetrinsky. - M.; L.: Publishing house L. D. Frenkel, 1925

Synonyms:

See what "Assonance" is in other dictionaries:

Assonance is a reception of the phonic organization of a text, especially a poetic one: the repetition of vowel sounds, in contrast to alliteration (the repetition of consonants). Our ears are on top! A little morning lit up the cannons And the blue tops of the forests The French are right there ... Wikipedia

Assonance- ASSONANCE repetition of identical vowels. Assonance pursues the same goals as alliteration (see this word), and is, like the latter, often combined with it, a powerful means of expressiveness of poetic language. An example… … Dictionary of literary terms

- (fr.). Imperfect rhyme, consisting in the repetition of vowel sounds. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. assonance (French assonance) 1) reception of instrumentation of poetic speech: repetition of a vowel or group ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

assonance- a m. assonance f. 1. In versification, repetition in a line, stanza, phrase of homogeneous vowel sounds. ALS 2. All mixed up horseradish with pineapples. It can be seen that the author has a roll with assonances. VL 1999 6 367. || An inexact rhyme in which only the drums match ... ... Historical dictionary gallicisms of the Russian language

Rhyme, consonance Dictionary of Russian synonyms. assonance noun, number of synonyms: 2 rhymes (6) consonance ... Synonym dictionary

- (French assonance consonance) consonance of vowel sounds (mainly percussion), especially in inaccurate rhyme (I will come to my senses, I will light up sadness). In French, Spanish and some other literatures, an older one was built on assonance ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ASSONANCE, assonance, husband. (French assonance) (book). 1. Consonance. 2. Incomplete rhyme, in which only vowels rhyme, but not consonants (lit.), For example: "Thickets of pity, round lips." Bryusov. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935… … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Sound writing is otherwise called instrumentation and this stylistic device is understood as: sound repetitions in literary language that enhance its melody and semantic expressiveness.

Often, in works of art, and in particular in poetry, authors use various tricks to enhance the phonetic expressiveness of speech.

The principle on which the strengthening of the phonetic expressiveness of speech is based is simple.

Its essence lies in the fact that you need to select words of a certain sound coloring. Depending on which sounds (vowels or consonants) are repeated, alliteration and assonance are distinguished.

What is alliteration

Alliteration is a special stylistic device based on the repetition of consonant sounds.

Rustle again on the Petrovich highway car.
(alliteration in [w])

The night will come; the moon goes around
Watch the distant vault of heaven,
And the nightingale in the darkness
The tunes are sonorous.
(A. S. Pushkin)

The repeated consonant sound [s] in the first line imitates the whistle of a cold wind. In the second line, the sound [w] is often found, which gives the reader the feeling of the rustling of snow.

Examples of alliteration in literature

Alliteration can be found in the verses of many poets.

For example, in the work of the famous classic A. S. Pushkin, alliteration focuses on the sound of individual words. The poet deliberately uses words with the same consonants, thereby creating a special effect:

The Neva swelled and roared,
Cauldron bubbling and swirling ...

Like a winged lily
Hesitating, Lalla Rook enters...

Often this artistic medium V. V. Mayakovsky used expressiveness, giving his texts special expressiveness:

Beat, drum!
Drum, drum!
Barbey!
Barban!
Drum!

I immediately smeared the map of everyday life,
splashing paint from a glass;
I showed on a platter of jelly
oblique cheekbones of the ocean.

Assonance to sound [a].

blue skirt,
Ribbon in braid:
Who doesn't know Lyubochka?
Everyone knows love.
(A. L. Barto)

AT this example the vowel [yu] is repeated.

Often, assonances can be observed in folklore and white author's poetry. Thus, the authors compensate for the lack of rhyme.

Grass spreads across the meadows.
What a weed, what an ant!

The folk style was skillfully recreated by Lermontov in the speech of the nameless hero of the Battle of Borodino:

At our ears on top,
A little morning lit up the guns
And forests blue tops -
The French are right here.

Sometimes, assonances in readers can cause certain associations. So, for example, in the verses of Marshak:

And you will go into the forest distance and wilderness,
Formic alcohol smells like dry land

Rumor highlights "a-y": oh, I wouldn't get lost in the wilderness.

As you can see, in the examples given, assonances do not play an independent role, they depend on what feelings and emotions the author experiences.

Assonance in literature

Assonance is a frequent phenomenon not only in poetic form, but also in prose.

So, for example, in the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…” B. Vasiliev, using the assonance to [o], pumps up a feeling of anxiety and tragedy:

“Vaskov slashed at the heart from this sigh. Ah, you little sparrow, is it possible for you to grieve on a hump?

Assonances are also found in fairy tales, proverbs and folk songs:

Meli, Emelya - your week.

There is an assonance in this proverb - the vowel [e] is repeated.

In works of art, and mainly in poetry, various methods are used to enhance the phonetic expressiveness of speech. Poetic speech organized in a special way acquires a bright emotionally expressive coloring. This is one of the reasons why the content of poetry does not allow "retelling in prose"

The basic principle of enhancing the phonetic expressiveness of speech is the selection of words of a certain sound coloring, in a kind of roll call of sounds. The sound convergence of words enhances their figurative significance, which is possible only in artistic text where each word plays an important aesthetic role. The main way to enhance phonetic expressiveness artistic speech is sound instrumentation - a stylistic device consisting in the selection of words of close sounding, for example:

Peter is feasting. Proud and clear

And his eyes are full of glory.

And his royal feast is beautiful.

Here vowels (o, a) and consonants (p, p, t) are repeated. This makes the verse musical and vivid; the richness of sound repetitions seems to reflect the breadth of the glorified victorious triumph. The sound of speech emphasizes the main, dominant words in the text Peter is feasting.

Usually a verse is instrumented (as in our example) by repeating several sounds at once. And the more they are involved in such a "roll call", the more clearly their repetition is heard, the more aesthetic pleasure the sound of the text brings. Such is the sound instrumentation of Pushkin's lines: Look: a free moon walks under the distant vault; Cherished in eastern bliss, in the northern, sad snow you left no traces (about legs); She liked novels early on; Whose noble hand will pat the old man's laurels!; And I will give a thoughtful outfit; Bed covered with carpet; After days, an angry choir starts an obscene argument etc.

Instead of the term “sound instrumentation”, others sometimes use: they say “consonant instrumentation” and “vowel harmony”. Verse theorists describe various types of sound instrumentation. We will name only the most important of them.

Depending on the quality of repeated sounds, there are alliteration and assonance .

Alliteration called the repetition of consonants. For example:

The night will come; the moon goes around

Watch the distant vault of heaven,

And the nightingale in the darkness

The tunes are sonorous.

In these Pushkin lines, alliterations are noticeable on n, d, s, v.

With the greatest certainty, our hearing catches the repetition of consonants standing in the pre-stressed position and in the absolute beginning of the word. The repetition of not only the same, but also consonants similar in some way is taken into account. So, alliteration is possible on d - t or z - s, etc. For example:

March!

So that time

burst into nuclei.

To the old days

So that the wind

Only

hair tangle(Mayakovsky).

The alliterations on r in the first part of this passage, the chased rhythm, the jerky sound of these lines leave no doubt about the purpose of the sound writing, with which the poet seeks to convey the music of the march, the dynamics of the struggle, overcoming difficulties ...

In other cases, the figurative symbolism of sound writing is more abstract. So, only imagination will help us to feel in the alliterations on f - z the chilling chill of metal in an excerpt from N. Zabolotsky's poem "Cranes"

And the leader in a metal shirt

Slowly sinking to the bottom

And the dawn formed over him

Golden glow spot.

Sound symbolism is still ambiguously assessed by researchers. However modern science does not deny that the sounds of speech, uttered even separately, outside of words, are capable of evoking non-sound representations in us. At the same time, the meanings of speech sounds are perceived by native speakers intuitively and therefore are of a rather general, vague nature.

According to experts, phonetic significance. creates a kind of “vague halo” of associations around words. This indefinite aspect of knowledge is almost not realized by you and is only clarified in some words, for example: burdock, grunt, mumbling, balalaika - harp, lily. The sound of such words significantly affects their perception.

In artistic speech, and above all in poetry, there is a tradition of dividing sounds into beautiful and ugly, rough and tender, loud and quiet. The use of words in which certain sounds predominate can become a means of achieving a certain stylistic effect in poetic speech.

The organic connection of sound writing with content, the unity of word and image gives the sound instrumentation a vivid depiction, but its perception does not exclude subjectivity. Here is an example from Aseev's poem "Swimming":

Lie on your side

tense your shoulder

I float forward

gradually

mastered the wave

for fun

and clear water.

And behind me

leaving no trace

Curls

funnel water.

It seems to us that the alliterations on w - n convey sliding along the waves; persistent repetition in in the last lines evokes the idea of closed line, a circle that is associated with funnels on the water. You may not agree with this...

The establishment of such a "sound-sense similarity" can be based on rather complex associations. For example, in the lines of Pasternak

Chopin wrote down his dream

On the black sawing of the music stand -

you can see the fantastic outlines of a dream in the whimsical pattern of sound repetitions and in the combination of sounds unusual for Russian phonics in the word "music stand"

In Marshak's poem "Dictionary" the following line is pictorial: Sparks of feeling flicker in its columns. Here is a double-repeated combination ca as if depicts "flicker".

Regardless of the figurative understanding of sound writing, its use in poetic speech always enhances the emotionality and brightness of the verse, creating the beauty of its sound.

Alliteration is the most common type of sound repetition. This is explained by the dominant position of consonants in the system of sounds of the Russian language. Consonants play the main semantic role in the language. Indeed, each sound carries certain information. However, six vowels in this respect are significantly inferior to thirty-seven consonants. Let's compare the "record" of the same words, made using only vowels and only consonants. You can hardly guess by the combinations eai, ayuo, ui, eao any words, but it is worth conveying the same words in consonants, and we can easily “read” the names of Russian poets: “ Drzhvn, Btshkv, Pshkn, Nkrsv. Such “weightiness” of consonants contributes to the establishment of various subject-semantic associations, therefore the expressive and pictorial possibilities of alliterations are very significant.

Another, also common, type of sound repetition is assonance.

Assonance is the repetition of vowels (It's time, it's time, the horns are blowing ... - Pushkin). Assonance is usually based only on stressed sounds, since vowels often change in an unstressed position. Therefore, sometimes assonance is defined as the repetition of stressed or weakly reduced unstressed vowels. So, in the lines from Pushkin's "Poltava" the assonances on a and on about create only accented vowels: Quiet Ukrainian night. The sky is transparent. The stars are shining. The air does not want to overcome its drowsiness. And although many unstressed syllables repeat variants of these phonemes, transmitted by letters oh ah, their sound does not affect the assonance.

In cases where unstressed vowels do not undergo changes, they can increase assonance. For example, in another stanza from Poltava, the sound of speech determines the assonance to at; since the quality of this sound does not change, and in the unstressed position at emphasizes the phonetic similarity of the highlighted words: But in the temptations of a long punishment, having endured the blows of fate, Russia strengthened. So heavy mlat, crushing glass, forges damask steel(in the last two lines, the assonance to at connects with assonance a). In the same text, different sound repetitions are often used in parallel. For example: It's snowy, it's snowy all over the earth to all limits. The candle burned on the table, the candle burned(Parsnip). Here is the assonance e, and alliterations on m, l, s, v; repeated combinations of consonants: ml, sun- St.. All this creates a special musicality of poetic lines.

(I.B. Golub, D.E. Rosenthal, “Secrets of Good Speech”, Moscow: International Relations, 1993)

The meaning of the word ASSONANCE in the Dictionary of Literary Terms

ASSONANCE

- (from French assonance - consonance)

1) One of the types of sound writing (see sound writing): repeated repetition in a poem (less often in prose) of the same vowel sounds, which enhances the expressiveness of artistic speech.

Do I wander along the noisy streets,

I enter a crowded temple,

Am I sitting among the foolish youths,

I surrender to my dreams.

A.S. Pushkin

2) Inaccurate rhyme, in which the vowels coincide, and the consonants do not coincide (enormity - I remember; thirst - it's a pity). See also replay.

Dictionary of literary terms. 2012

The meaning of the word assonance in the dictionary of literary terms. What is assonance

Functions of assonance in text

History of reception usage

See what "Assonance" is in other dictionaries:

What is alliteration

Examples of alliteration in literature

Assonance in literature

The meaning of the word ASSONANCE in the Dictionary of Literary Terms

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is ASSONANCE in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books: