rule right hand or gimlet:
Direction lines of force magnetic field and the direction of the current that creates it are interconnected known rule right hand or gimlet, which was introduced by D. Maxwell and is illustrated by the following figures:
Few people know that a gimlet is a tool for drilling holes in a tree. Therefore, it is more understandable to call this rule the rule of a screw, screw or corkscrew. However, grasping the wire as in the figure is sometimes life-threatening!
Magnetic induction B :
Magnetic induction- is the main fundamental characteristic of the magnetic field, similar to the electric field strength vector E . The magnetic induction vector is always directed tangentially to the magnetic line and shows its direction and strength. The unit of magnetic induction in B = 1 T is the magnetic induction homogeneous field, in which on a section of the conductor with a length of l\u003d 1 m, with a current strength in it in I\u003d 1 A, the maximum Ampere force acts from the side of the field - F\u003d 1 H. The direction of Ampère's force is determined by the rule of the left hand. In the CGS system, the magnetic induction of the field is measured in gauss (Gs), in the SI system - in teslas (Tl).
Magnetic field strength H:
Another characteristic of the magnetic field is tension, which is analogous to the electric displacement vector D in electrostatics. Determined by the formula:
The magnetic field strength is a vector quantity, it is a quantitative characteristic of the magnetic field and does not depend on magnetic properties environment. In the CGS system, the magnetic field strength is measured in oersteds (Oe), in the SI system - in amperes per meter (A / m).
Magnetic flux F:
Magnetic flux Ф - scalar physical quantity characterizing the number of lines of magnetic induction penetrating a closed loop. 
Let's consider a special case. AT uniform magnetic field, whose induction vector modulus is equal to ∣В ∣, is placed flat closed loop area S. The normal n to the contour plane makes an angle α with the direction of the magnetic induction vector B . The magnetic flux through the surface is the value Ф, determined by the relation:
In the general case, the magnetic flux is defined as the integral of the magnetic induction vector B through the finite surface S.
It should be noted that the magnetic flux through any closed surface zero(Gauss's theorem for magnetic fields). This means that the lines of force of the magnetic field do not break anywhere, i.e. the magnetic field has a vortex nature, and also that it is impossible for the existence of magnetic charges that would create a magnetic field in the same way that electric charges create electric field. In SI, the unit of magnetic flux is Weber (Wb), in the CGS system - maxwell (Mks); 1 Wb = 10 8 µs.
Definition of inductance:
Inductance is the coefficient of proportionality between the electric current flowing in any closed circuit and the magnetic flux created by this current through the surface, the edge of which is this circuit.
Otherwise, inductance is the proportionality factor in the self-induction formula.
In the SI system of units, inductance is measured in henries (H). The circuit has an inductance of one henry if, when the current changes by one ampere per second, EMF self-induction to one volt.
The term "inductance" was proposed by Oliver Heaviside, an English self-taught scientist in 1886. Simply put, inductance is the property of a current-carrying conductor to store energy in a magnetic field, equivalent to capacitance for an electric field. It does not depend on the magnitude of the current, but only on the shape and size of the current-carrying conductor. To increase the inductance, the conductor is wound in coils, the calculation of which is the program
Using lines of force, one can not only show the direction of the magnetic field, but also characterize the magnitude of its induction.
We agreed to draw lines of force in such a way that through 1 cm² of the area, perpendicular to the induction vector at a certain point, the number of lines equal to the field induction at this point passed.
In the place where the field induction is greater, the lines of force will be thicker. And, conversely, where the field induction is less, the lines of force are rarer.
A magnetic field with the same induction at all points is called a uniform field. Graphically, a uniform magnetic field is represented by lines of force, which are equally spaced from each other.
An example of a uniform field is the field inside a long solenoid, as well as the field between closely spaced parallel flat pole pieces of an electromagnet.
The product of the induction of a magnetic field penetrating a given circuit by the area of \u200b\u200bthe circuit is called the magnetic flux of magnetic induction, or simply magnetic flux.
The English physicist Faraday gave him a definition and studied his properties. He discovered that this concept allows a deeper consideration of the unified nature of magnetic and electrical phenomena.
Denoting the magnetic flux with the letter F, the area of the circuit S and the angle between the direction of the induction vector B and the normal n to the area of the circuit α, we can write the following equality:
Ф = В S cos α.
The magnetic flux is scalar.
Since the density of the lines of force of an arbitrary magnetic field is equal to its induction, the magnetic flux is equal to the entire number of lines of force that permeate this circuit.
With a change in the field, the magnetic flux that permeates the circuit also changes: when the field is strengthened, it increases, and when the field is weakened, it decreases.
The unit of magnetic flux in is taken to be the flux that permeates an area of 1 m², located in a magnetic uniform field, with an induction of 1 Wb / m², and located perpendicular to the induction vector. Such a unit is called a weber:
1 Wb \u003d 1 Wb / m² ˖ 1 m².
The changing magnetic flux generates an electric field with closed lines of force (vortex electric field). Such a field manifests itself in the conductor as the action of extraneous forces. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction, and the electromotive force that arises in this case is called the induction EMF.
In addition, it should be noted that the magnetic flux makes it possible to characterize the entire magnet as a whole (or any other sources of the magnetic field). Therefore, if it makes it possible to characterize its action at any single point, then the magnetic flux is entirely. That is, we can say that this is the second most important And, therefore, if the magnetic induction acts as a force characteristic of the magnetic field, then the magnetic flux is its energy characteristic.
Returning to the experiments, we can also say that each coil coil can be imagined as a single closed coil. The same circuit through which the magnetic flux of the magnetic induction vector will pass. In this case, there will be an induction electricity. Thus, it is under the influence of a magnetic flux that an electric field is formed in a closed conductor. And then this electric field forms an electric current.
|
Flux of magnetic induction vector AT (magnetic flux) through a small surface area dS called a scalar physical quantity equal to |
Here , is the unit vector of the normal to the area with area dS, In n- vector projection AT to the direction of the normal, - the angle between the vectors AT and n (Fig. 6.28).
Rice. 6.28. Flux of the magnetic induction vector through the pad
Magnetic flux F B through an arbitrary closed surface S equals
|
|
The absence of magnetic charges in nature leads to the fact that the lines of the vector AT have no beginning or end. Therefore, the flow of the vector AT through a closed surface must be equal to zero. Thus, for any magnetic field and an arbitrary closed surface S the condition
|
|
Formula (6.28) expresses Ostrogradsky - Gauss theorem for vector :
We emphasize again: this theorem is a mathematical expression of the fact that in nature there are no magnetic charges, on which the lines of magnetic induction would begin and end, as was the case in the case of an electric field strength E point charges.
This property essentially distinguishes a magnetic field from an electric one. The lines of magnetic induction are closed, so the number of lines entering a certain volume of space is equal to the number of lines leaving this volume. If the incoming fluxes are taken with one sign, and the outgoing ones with another sign, then the total flux of the magnetic induction vector through the closed surface will be equal to zero.
Rice. 6.29. W. Weber (1804–1891) – German physicist
The difference between a magnetic field and an electrostatic one also manifests itself in the value of a quantity that we call circulation- the integral of the vector field along a closed path. In electrostatics, the integral is equal to zero
taken along an arbitrary closed contour. It has to do with the potential electrostatic field, that is, with the fact that the work of moving a charge in an electrostatic field does not depend on the path, but only on the position of the start and end points.
Let's see how things stand with a similar value for a magnetic field. Let us take a closed circuit, covering the direct current, and calculate for it the circulation of the vector AT , i.e
As was obtained above, the magnetic induction created by a straight conductor with current at a distance R from the conductor, is equal to
Let us consider the case when the contour enclosing the forward current lies in a plane perpendicular to the current and is a circle with a radius R centered on the conductor. In this case, the circulation of the vector AT along this circle is equal to
|
It can be shown that the result for the circulation of the magnetic induction vector does not change with continuous deformation of the contour, if during this deformation the contour does not cross the streamlines. Then, due to the principle of superposition, the circulation of the magnetic induction vector along a path covering several currents is proportional to their algebraic sum (Fig. 6.30)
|
Rice. 6.30. Closed loop (L) with defined bypass direction.
Shown are currents I 1 , I 2 and I 3 that create a magnetic field.
The contribution to the circulation of the magnetic field along the contour (L) is given only by currents I 2 and I 3
If the selected circuit does not cover currents, then the circulation through it is equal to zero.
When calculating the algebraic sum of currents, the sign of the current should be taken into account: we will consider positive the current, the direction of which is related to the direction of bypass along the contour by the rule of the right screw. For example, the current contribution I 2 into the circulation is negative, and the contribution of the current I 3 - positive (Fig. 6.18). Using the ratio
between current strength I through any closed surface S and current density , for the circulation vector AT can be written
|
where S- any closed surface based on a given contour L.
Such fields are called eddy. Therefore, a potential cannot be introduced for a magnetic field, as was done for the electric field of point charges. The difference between the potential and vortex fields can be most clearly represented by the pattern of field lines. The lines of force of an electrostatic field are like hedgehogs: they start and end on charges (or go to infinity). The lines of force of the magnetic field never resemble "hedgehogs": they are always closed and cover the currents.
To illustrate the application of the circulation theorem, let us find by another method the already known magnetic field of an infinite solenoid. Take a rectangular contour 1-2-3-4 (Fig. 6.31) and calculate the circulation of the vector AT along this contour
Rice. 6.31. Application of the circulation theorem B to the determination of the magnetic field of a solenoid
The second and fourth integrals are equal to zero due to the perpendicularity of the vectors and
We have reproduced the result (6.20) without integrating the magnetic fields from individual turns.
The result obtained (6.35) can be used to find the magnetic field of a thin toroidal solenoid (Fig. 6.32).
Rice. 6.32. Toroidal coil: The lines of magnetic induction are closed inside the coil and are concentric circles. They are directed so that looking along them, we would see the current in the coils circulating clockwise. One of the lines of induction of some radius r 1 ≤ r< r 2 изображена на рисунке
Magnetic flux (flux of magnetic induction lines)
through the contour is numerically equal to the product of the modulus of the magnetic induction vector and the area bounded by the contour, and the cosine of the angle between the direction of the magnetic induction vector and the normal to the surface bounded by this contour. 
The formula for the work of the Ampère force when a straight conductor with direct current moves in a uniform magnetic field.
Thus, the work of the Ampere force can be expressed in terms of the current strength in the conductor being moved and the change in the magnetic flux through the circuit in which this conductor is included: 
Loop inductance.
Inductance
- physical a value numerically equal to the EMF of self-induction that occurs in the circuit when the current strength changes by 1 ampere in 1 second.
Also, the inductance can be calculated by the formula:
where F is the magnetic flux through the circuit, I is the current strength in the circuit.
SI units for inductance:
The energy of the magnetic field.
The magnetic field has energy. Just as a charged capacitor has a reserve electrical energy, in the coil, through the turns of which current flows, there is a supply of magnetic energy.
Electromagnetic induction - the phenomenon of the occurrence of an electric current in a closed circuit when the magnetic flux passing through it changes.
Faraday's experiments. Explanation of electromagnetic induction.
If you bring permanent magnet to the coil or vice versa (Fig. 3.1), then an electric current will appear in the coil. The same thing happens with two closely spaced coils: if an AC source is connected to one of the coils, then the other will also experience alternating current, but this effect is best manifested if two coils are connected by a core
According to Faraday's definition, the following is common to these experiments: if the flow of the induction vector penetrating a closed, conducting circuit changes, then an electric current appears in the circuit.
This phenomenon is called the phenomenon electromagnetic induction , and the current induction. In this case, the phenomenon is completely independent of the method of changing the flux of the magnetic induction vector.
E.m.f. formula electromagnetic induction.
EMF induction in a closed loop is directly proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the area bounded by this loop.
Lenz's rule.
Lenz's rule
Occurring in a closed loop induction current its magnetic field counteracts the change in the magnetic flux by which it is caused. 
Self-induction, its explanation.
self induction- the phenomenon of the occurrence of induction EMF in an electric circuit as a result of a change in current strength.
Closing the circuit
When a circuit is closed, the current increases, which causes an increase in the magnetic flux in the coil, a vortex electric field arises, directed against the current, i.e. an EMF of self-induction occurs in the coil, which prevents the current from rising in the circuit (the vortex field slows down the electrons).
As a result, L1 lights up later than L2.
Open circuit
When the electric circuit is opened, the current decreases, there is a decrease in the m.flow in the coil, a vortex electric field appears, directed like a current (tending to maintain the same current strength), i.e. A self-inductive emf appears in the coil, which maintains the current in the circuit.
As a result, L flashes brightly when turned off.
in electrical engineering, the phenomenon of self-induction manifests itself when the circuit is closed (the electric current increases gradually) and when the circuit is opened (the electric current does not disappear immediately).
E.m.f. formula self-induction.
EMF of self-induction prevents the increase in current strength when the circuit is turned on and the decrease in current strength when the circuit is opened.
The first and second provisions of the theory electromagnetic field Maxwell.
1. Any displaced electric field generates a vortex magnetic field. An alternating electric field was named by Maxwell because, like an ordinary current, it induces a magnetic field. The vortex magnetic field is generated both by conduction currents Ipr (moving electric charges) and displacement currents (displaced electric field E).
Maxwell's first equation
2. Any displaced magnetic field generates a vortex electric field (the basic law of electromagnetic induction).
Maxwell's second equation:
electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic radiation- propagating in space perturbation (change of state) of the electromagnetic field.
3.1. Wave
are vibrations propagating in space over time.
mechanical waves can only propagate in some medium (substance): in a gas, in a liquid, in a solid. Waves are generated by oscillating bodies that create a deformation of the medium in the surrounding space. A necessary condition for the appearance of elastic waves is the occurrence at the moment of perturbation of the medium of forces preventing it, in particular, elasticity. They tend to bring neighboring particles closer together when they move apart, and push them away from each other when they approach each other. Elastic forces, acting on particles far from the source of perturbation, begin to unbalance them. Longitudinal waves characteristic only of gaseous and liquid media, but transverse- also to solids: the reason for this is that the particles that make up these media can move freely, since they are not rigidly fixed, in contrast to solids. Accordingly, transverse vibrations are fundamentally impossible.
Longitudinal waves arise when the particles of the medium oscillate, orienting themselves along the propagation vector of the perturbation. Transverse waves propagate in a direction perpendicular to the impact vector. In short: if in a medium the deformation caused by a disturbance manifests itself in the form of shear, tension and compression, then we are talking about a solid body, for which both longitudinal and transverse waves. If the appearance of a shift is impossible, then the medium can be any.
Each wave propagates at a certain speed. Under wave speed understand the propagation speed of the disturbance. Since the speed of the wave is a constant value (for a given medium), the distance traveled by the wave is equal to the product of the speed and the time of its propagation. Thus, to find the wavelength, it is necessary to multiply the speed of the wave by the period of oscillations in it:
Wavelength - the distance between two points in space closest to each other at which oscillations occur in the same phase. The wavelength corresponds to the spatial period of the wave, that is, the distance that a point with a constant phase "travels" in a time interval equal to the period of oscillation, therefore
wave number(also called spatial frequency) is the ratio 2 π radian to wavelength: spatial analogue of circular frequency.
Definition: the wave number k is the growth rate of the phase of the wave φ along the spatial coordinate.
3.2. plane wave - a wave whose front has the shape of a plane.
The plane wave front is unlimited in size, the phase velocity vector is perpendicular to the front. The plane wave is a particular solution of the wave equation and comfortable model: such a wave does not exist in nature, since the front of a plane wave begins at and ends at , which, obviously, cannot be.
The equation of any wave is the solution differential equation called wave. The wave equation for the function is written as:
where
· - Laplace operator;
· - desired function;
· - radius of the vector of the desired point;
- wave speed;
· - time.
wave surface is the locus of points that are perturbed by the generalized coordinate in the same phase. A special case of a wave surface is a wave front.
BUT) plane wave
- this is a wave, the wave surfaces of which are a set of planes parallel to each other. 
B) spherical wave is a wave whose wave surfaces are a collection of concentric spheres.
Ray- line, normal and wave surface. Under the direction of propagation of waves understand the direction of the rays. If the propagation medium of the wave is homogeneous and isotropic, the rays are straight lines (moreover, if the wave is plane - parallel straight lines).
The concept of a ray in physics is usually used only in geometric optics and acoustics, since the manifestation of effects that are not studied in these areas, the meaning of the concept of a ray is lost.
3.3. Energy characteristics of the wave
The medium in which the wave propagates has mechanical energy, which consists of the energies oscillatory motion all of its particles. The energy of one particle with mass m 0 is found by the formula: E 0 = m 0 Α 2 w 2/2. The volume unit of the medium contains n = p/m 0 particles (ρ is the density of the medium). Therefore, a unit volume of the medium has the energy w р = nЕ 0 = ρ Α 2 w 2 /2.
Bulk energy density(W p) is the energy of the oscillatory motion of the particles of the medium contained in a unit of its volume:
Energy flow(F) - value, equal to energy, carried by the wave through the given surface per unit time:
Wave intensity or energy flux density(I) - a value equal to the energy flux carried by the wave through a single area, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation:
3.4. electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave- the process of electromagnetic field propagation in space.
Occurrence condition electromagnetic waves. Changes in the magnetic field occur when the current strength in the conductor changes, and the current strength in the conductor changes with a change in the speed of movement electric charges in it, i.e., when charges move with acceleration. Therefore, electromagnetic waves should arise during the accelerated movement of electric charges. At a charge rate of zero, there is only an electric field. At constant speed charge creates an electromagnetic field. With the accelerated movement of the charge, an electromagnetic wave is emitted, which propagates in space at a finite speed.
Electromagnetic waves propagate in matter with a finite speed. Here ε and μ are the dielectric and magnetic permeability of the substance, ε 0 and μ 0 are the electrical and magnetic constants: ε 0 \u003d 8.85419 10 -12 F / m, μ 0 \u003d 1.25664 10 -6 Gn / m.
Velocity of electromagnetic waves in vacuum (ε = μ = 1):
Main Features electromagnetic radiation is considered to be the frequency, wavelength and polarization. The wavelength depends on the propagation speed of the radiation. The group velocity of propagation of electromagnetic radiation in vacuum is equal to the speed of light, in other media this speed is less.
Electromagnetic radiation is usually divided into frequency ranges (see table). There are no sharp transitions between the ranges, they sometimes overlap, and the boundaries between them are conditional. Since the speed of propagation of radiation is constant, the frequency of its oscillations is strictly related to the wavelength in vacuum.
Wave interference. coherent waves. Wave coherence conditions.
Optical path length (OPL) of light. Relation between the difference of the r.d.p. waves with a phase difference of oscillations caused by waves.
The amplitude of the resulting oscillation in the interference of two waves. Conditions for maxima and minima of the amplitude during the interference of two waves.
Interference fringes and interference pattern on a flat screen when two narrow long parallel slits are illuminated: a) with red light, b) with white light.
1) WAVE INTERFERENCE- such an imposition of waves, in which their mutual amplification, stable in time, occurs at some points in space and attenuation at others, depending on the ratio between the phases of these waves.
The necessary conditions to observe interference:
1) the waves must have the same (or close) frequencies so that the picture resulting from the superposition of the waves does not change in time (or does not change very quickly so that it can be registered in time);
2) waves must be unidirectional (or have a close direction); two perpendicular waves will never interfere (try adding two perpendicular sinusoids together!). In other words, the added waves must have the same wave vectors (or closely directed).
Waves for which these two conditions are satisfied are called COHERENT. The first condition is sometimes called temporal coherence, second - spatial coherence.
Consider as an example the result of adding two identical unidirectional sinusoids. We will vary only their relative shift. In other words, we add two coherent waves that differ only in their initial phases (either their sources are shifted relative to each other, or both).
If the sinusoids are located so that their maxima (and minima) coincide in space, their mutual amplification will occur.
If the sinusoids are shifted relative to each other by half a period, the maxima of one will fall on the minima of the other; sinusoids will destroy each other, that is, their mutual weakening will occur.
Mathematically it looks like this. We add two waves:
here x 1 and x 2- distances from the wave sources to the point in space where we observe the result of the overlay. The square of the amplitude of the resulting wave (proportional to the intensity of the wave) is given by:
The maximum of this expression is 4A2, minimum - 0; it all depends on the difference in the initial phases and on the so-called wave path difference :
When at a given point in space, an interference maximum will be observed, at - an interference minimum.
In our simple example the sources of the waves and the point in space where we observe the interference are on the same straight line; along this straight line the interference pattern is the same for all points. If we shift the observation point away from the straight line connecting the sources, we will find ourselves in a region of space where the interference pattern changes from point to point. In this case, we will observe the interference of waves with equal frequencies and close wave vectors.
2)1. The optical path length is the product of the geometric length d of the path of a light wave in a given medium and the absolute refractive index of this medium n.
2. The phase difference of two coherent waves from one source, one of which passes the path length in a medium with an absolute refractive index, and the other passes the path length in a medium with an absolute refractive index:
where , , λ is the wavelength of light in vacuum.
3) The amplitude of the resulting oscillation depends on a quantity called stroke difference waves.
If the path difference is equal to an integer number of waves, then the waves arrive at the point in phase. When added together, the waves reinforce each other and give an oscillation with a double amplitude.
If the path difference is equal to an odd number of half-waves, then the waves arrive at point A in antiphase. In this case, they cancel each other, the amplitude of the resulting oscillation is zero.
At other points in space, a partial amplification or weakening of the resulting wave is observed.
4) Jung's experience
In 1802 an English scientist Thomas Young set up an experiment in which he observed the interference of light. Light from a narrow gap S, fell on the screen with two closely spaced slits S1 and S2. Passing through each of the slits, the light beam expanded, and on a white screen, the light beams that passed through the slits S1 and S2, overlapped. In the region of overlapping light beams, an interference pattern was observed in the form of alternating light and dark stripes.
The implementation of light interference from conventional light sources.
Light interference on thin film. Conditions for maxima and minima of light interference on a film in reflected and transmitted light.
Interference fringes of equal thickness and interference fringes of equal slope.
1) The phenomenon of interference is observed in a thin layer of immiscible liquids (kerosene or oil on the surface of water), in soap bubbles, gasoline, on butterfly wings, in tint colors, etc.
2) 
Interference occurs when an initial beam of light splits into two beams as it passes through a thin film, such as the film deposited on the lens surface of coated lenses. A beam of light, passing through a film of thickness , will be reflected twice - from its inner and outer surfaces. The reflected rays will have a constant phase difference equal to twice the thickness of the film, which is why the rays become coherent and will interfere. Complete extinction of the rays will occur at , where is the wavelength. If a 
nm, then the film thickness is 550:4=137.5 nm.
MAGNETIC FLUX
MAGNETIC FLUX(symbol F), a measure of the strength and extent of the MAGNETIC FIELD. The flow through area A at right angles to the same magnetic field is Ф=mNA, where m is the magnetic PERMEABILITY of the medium, and H is the intensity of the magnetic field. The magnetic flux density is the flux per unit area (symbol B), which is equal to H. A change in the magnetic flux through an electrical conductor induces an ELECTROMOTION FORCE.
Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary.
See what "MAGNETIC FLOW" is in other dictionaries:
The flux of the magnetic induction vector B through any surface. The magnetic flux through a small area dS, within which the vector B is unchanged, is equal to dФ = ВndS, where Bn is the projection of the vector onto the normal to the area dS. Magnetic flux Ф through the final ... ... Large encyclopedic Dictionary
- (flux of magnetic induction), flux Ф of the magnetic vector. induction B through c.l. surface. M. p. dФ through a small area dS, within which the vector B can be considered unchanged, is expressed by the product of the size of the area and the projection Bn of the vector onto ... ... Physical Encyclopedia
magnetic flux- A scalar value equal to the flux of magnetic induction. [GOST R 52002 2003] magnetic flux The flux of magnetic induction through a surface perpendicular to the magnetic field, defined as the product of magnetic induction at a given point and the area ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook
MAGNETIC FLUX- flux Ф of the magnetic induction vector (see (5)) В through the surface S, normal to the vector В in a uniform magnetic field. The unit of magnetic flux in SI (see) ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia
A value that characterizes the magnetic effect on a given surface. M. p. is measured by the number of magnetic lines of force passing through a given surface. Technical railway dictionary. M .: State transport ... ... Technical railway dictionary
magnetic flux- a scalar quantity equal to the flux of magnetic induction... Source: ELEKTROTEHNIKA. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF BASIC CONCEPTS. GOST R 52002 2003 (approved by the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of 01/09/2003 N 3 st) ... Official terminology
The flow of the magnetic induction vector B through any surface. The magnetic flux through a small area dS, within which the vector B is unchanged, is equal to dФ = BndS, where Bn is the projection of the vector onto the normal to the area dS. Magnetic flux Ф through the final ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Classical electrodynamics ... Wikipedia
magnetic flux- , flux of magnetic induction flux of the vector of magnetic induction through any surface. For a closed surface, the total magnetic flux is zero, which reflects the solenoid nature of the magnetic field, i.e., the absence in nature of ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Metallurgy
magnetic flux- 12. Magnetic flux Flux of magnetic induction Source: GOST 19880 74: Electrical engineering. Basic concepts. Terms and definitions original document 12 magnetic on ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation
Books
- , Mitkevich V.F. This book contains much that is not always paid due attention when it comes to magnetic flux, and that has not been sufficiently clearly expressed or has not been so far ...
- Magnetic flux and its transformation, VF Mitkevich. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. There is much in this book that is not always given due attention when it comes to…