The possibilities of breeding and successful experiments with the breeding of fruit varieties have led to the fact that for many years a whole galaxy has been grown for the Moscow region wonderful varieties cherry plums. For climatic conditions middle band withdrawn winter hardy varieties cherry plums that can withstand the winter cold, summer heat, sharp temperature drops in spring. Impressive harvests are collected every year. A wonderful cherry plum for the Moscow region, its best varieties have successfully received the well-deserved assessment of gardeners as the best fruits in the region.
What kind of cherry plum we grow
It is noticed that large fruits have a pleasant taste. The same goes for cherry plum. Varieties with large fruits and a good indicator of frost resistance.
Alycha Mara
Fast growing tree. Suffers frost. Loves a sunny, bright place. In the summer, when the water is stagnant, it is necessary to drain the soil so that excess water left. Without this, the plant may die. It is advisable to plant it on loam. Fruits are round, up to 23 gr. Juicy, bright yellow. The bone is difficult to separate. Harvesting in September. Two to three years after planting, it gives good yields. Produces large harvests only after 5 years. A hectare gives 35 tons. Pollinated with other varieties. It cannot pollinate itself.
Cherry Traveler
Early maturing, unpretentious variety. Withstands winter cold, resistant to many diseases in the area where it grows. Medium height. The crown is not too dense, the leaves are pale green, glossy. The bloom is bright, the aroma from the flowers diverges for tens of meters around. The flowers are white, large. Fruits are round, medium in size, weighing 20-30 grams, purple-red, smooth to the touch. Delicate, sweet-yellow juicy pulp. Difficult to separate bone. Every year this variety pleases with large yields. Adapts to all types of soil. Prefers a light, windless area with close groundwater. Loves loam. Plant in spring.
Cherry plum Found
Not large, not small, medium-dense tree with a rounded, flattened crown. The bud opens with two flowers. When ripe, the dense branches are hung with frequent fruits. Medium to large fruits. The outer color is red-violet, with yellowness. They weigh 35 - 37 grams. The pulp is yellow or orange, the pulp density is medium. Has a sweet and sour, fresh taste. Begins to bear fruit at 3 years old. Subsequently, 30-40 kilograms of harvest are harvested from the tree. A variety resistant to temperature extremes and frost. Drought tolerates almost normally.
Cherry plum is pollinated. Found in cross with other varieties. Suitable for conservation.
Alycha Gift to Saint Petersburg
Remains unharmed at 30 degrees below zero. Withstands temperature changes well. The tree is not too large sizes, up to 3 meters in height, spreading. Dense crown. Light green oval leaves, boat. The edges of the leaves are patterned. Begins to bear fruit for 4 years. Differs in high productivity. The harvest is good every year. Fruits are elongated, weighing up to 20 grams. Outwardly light orange. They are remembered for good taste. Inside are sweet-sour, the flesh is finely fibrous. Convenient to preserve, transport.
Cherry plum Coloniform
This variety contains all the good that many varieties of cherry plum have. Short stature. Columnar crown. The tree takes up little space. Grows up to 2.5 meters up. Variety resistant to pests and diseases. Harvest with large egg-shaped fruits. Burgundy-purple, dense, sweet, sour fruits. Ripen in August. The crop is transportable, suitable for consumption in fresh and for canning. Blooms later than all varieties. Gives the maximum harvest from the sown area. But there is also a drawback. Does not self-pollinate. We need other varieties of cherry plum nearby that will help pollinate it.
Cherry Tent
Small tree, not tall. Feels great in sunny places. Growing fast. Blooms in mid-April. Begins to bear fruit for 4 - 5 years. Fruit weight reaches up to 40 grams. The fruits are weighty, large. Inside they have yellow-green flesh. Can be harvested for the winter. Up to 35 kg are usually removed from one tree. fruits. Ripens early, in early July. Withstands frost. Self-fertile variety, other varieties are needed for pollination. Endured in frost in the spring.
Not very resistant to dry soil, it grows poorly without cultivation.
Cherry Gek
Rounded, fast-growing stocky tree, with a crown of medium density. The flowers are medium, with white petals. Bears fruit in the second half of summer. The fruits are large, weighing up to 35 grams, have a sweet and sour taste. Outside, the fruits are yellow, elastic to the touch. Inside are dark yellow. The bones are difficult to separate. The variety is suitable for all types of consumption. Yielding, winter-hardy. Increased resistance to adverse conditions. Cross-pollinated with surrounding trees.
Cherry plum Kuban comet
Weak tree. The crown is round, flat, with sparse foliage. Each bud blooms with two medium-sized flowers. It blooms vigorously. After flowering, it is recommended to feed this variety with compost. The ovary appears in June. Fruits turn red by the end of July. Without props, branches can break from weight. Full collection in August. The fruits are large - up to 45 grams. Delicious, ripe. The color is red, burgundy. The pulp is yellow, has an apricot flavor. The variety is well transportable. There are many advantages. Disadvantage - it ripens unevenly.
Cherry plum Rubinovaya
Large, dark red, ruby \u200b\u200bfruits, up to 30 gr. The fibrous pulp is sweet and sour, with aroma. A tree of medium height with a wide, lush, oval crown. Ripens early. It sings in early July. Withstands frosty weather, summer dryness. The variety is resistant to any temperature extremes.
Cherry plum Skoroplodnaya
The variety was imported from China. Bears fruit in the second year after planting. Despite its low altitude, it overcomes frosts not only in the middle zone, but also in the North. Resistant variety. A lot of vitamin C. Broad crown, dark foliage. It sings in late summer.
Alycha Vladimirskaya comet
A tree with a wide crown, sparse leaves. The fruits are oval, pointed, burgundy. Inside is a dark orange sweet-sour pulp. Harvesting tree, ripens in July.
Cherry Seedling Rocket
Keeps frost down to -35, medium-sized tree. The crown is dense, spreading, the fruits are large, up to 30 grams. Red color, rounded, pointed. The yield is high.
Alycha Timiryazevskaya
The variety was bred at the Timiryazev Institute. Cherry plum grows up to 3 meters, the crown is wide, spreading. Cone-shaped tree, sparse foliage. It does not show fungal diseases. Fruits are small, light red, conical. Loose inside, bones are easily separated. Harvest up to 30 kg.
Cherry plum variety Gold of the Scythians
Bred by the Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Medium height, about 2 meters, shrub type. The crown is spreading, rounded. The leaves are large, elongated, light green, serrated. Flowers are white when blooming. The fruits are large, up to 36 grams. The pulp is yellow, fibrous. Melting sweet and sour taste. A versatile variety, suitable for everything. Begins to bear fruit for 4 years. Produces a good annual harvest. Delicious fruits ripen early. It tolerates frost well.
Disadvantages. It does not pollinate itself. You need to plant other varieties for pollination. Poorly tolerates transportation.
All the listed varieties of cherry plum, which are good for the Moscow region, can withstand cold and wind. With minor features and deviations. In general, they are well adapted to our central Russia. They give good yields. They can be eaten, canned, transported. They are convenient, useful and beneficial. These varieties of cherry plum have long taken root in our land. Our summer residents and gardeners love to plant them.
About cherry plum varieties in central Russia - video
Cherry plum, which many people consider a plum, is steadily associated in consciousness with the warm south. And I wanted the cherry plum to be native to the Moscow region, and represented by its best varieties. Such varieties were bred precisely thanks to the plum, with which the cherry plum was crossed. Now cherry plum in the suburbs is as appropriate as in the subtropics.
Did you know? On the Crimean coast, archaeologists have found cherry plum bones of the Y century BC. e.
Among the cherry plum berries bright yellow the variety Zlato of the Scythians stands out. In addition to the spectacular yellowness, large, early ripening fruits are distinguished by a pleasant moistish sweetness and softness. In this regard, they are suitable not only for serving directly on the table, but also for canning. The crop is medium in size. The tree, insensitive to temperature changes, stretches up to 3 meters in height. It is crowned with a cone-shaped spreading crown, framed by light greens of small leaves. Gardeners recommend reforming the Scythian plum Zlato into bushes.White flowers themselves are not pollinated. 
Did you know? The white color of this cherry plum variety appears directly on the tree trunk.
The variety appeared 13 years ago. This winter-hardy cherry plum amazes with the exquisite beauty of very large purple-black fruits, slightly covered with the thinnest layer of wax, leaving a clear side seam visible. The sweet core is also impressive, with a structure reminiscent of cartilaginous meat, in which the bone is already half separated. The tree is quite tall by the standards of the middle lane with a spherical crown. The variety of breeders turned out to be self-fertile, but with excellent winter hardiness and natural protection from diseases, including viral ones. 
Cherry plum Kuban comet served as the basis for the creation of many other varieties. Numerous studies of breeders led to such results. The very same hybrid Kuban comet, perfectly adapted to the climate near Moscow, at the beginning of each (starting from the third year) August brings a bountiful harvest of large amber berries. The fine fiber of the juicy pulp firmly braids the non-separating bone. The sour sweetness of the fruit is not cloying. The tree is low, with a rounded crown, well-groomed and compact. 
Belarusian breeders have invented a particularly sweet, loosely juicy variety called Mara, which gives 0.4 centners from each tree by the age of 7. The tall (up to 3 m) trunk of this cherry plum, when grown, requires additional care for the appearance of the crown. From July to almost October, the plant is decorated with clusters of bright yellow fruits. Mara is prized by gardeners for its effective natural resistance to any fungus, including those that cause clasterosporium. 
Nesmeyana has been known since the mid-2000s. The variety turned out to be tall and strong, with a wide crown. Big berries play red and purple tones, and the fibers of the pink core hardly hold the bone. The sweet fruit has a pleasant sour taste, which, possibly, prompted winemakers to use it as a raw material for making a hoppy drink. Among the advantages of the harvest average size early ripening of berries stands out, their ability to tolerate long-term transportation well (up to 4 days). In addition to cherry plum wine, many preparations for the winter are made from Nesmeyana. 
This cherry plum, among other hybrid varieties, is distinguished by partial self-fertility and good yields, starting from the third or fourth year (0.4 centners during the season). Moreover, the first ripe berries often appear in early July. The low trunk is surrounded by a green dome of the crown with leaves slightly downy on the back. White flowers emerge from buds in pairs. In the dense berry peel, which is difficult to remove from small fruits, the red color predominates over the purple, and under it the juicy pulp opens, with a well-attached bone. Pleasant aroma fruit is perfectly preserved in drinks and any dessert dishes. The variety easily tolerates the cold of the middle climatic zone and the relatively infrequent dry weather here.
The cherry plum variety presented to St. Petersburg has wonderfully mastered in the Moscow region. The tree has low branches of the crown in combination with a short standard part and a low trunk. Numerous white color appears already in the last days of April. But the harvest surpassing all other varieties (0.6 centners per tree) begins to be harvested in late July - early August. Moreover, grafted plants are considered to be adult trees that give such an abundance of fruits already in the third year after this procedure. Harvested berries can easily tolerate a long journey. In ovoid fruits, orange with yellowness, oval bones have grown to the pulp fibers, and the pulp itself splashing with juice has a peculiar sweet-sour taste. 
Important! During the ripening period, you need to hurry up, as the fruits literally fall from the branches.
Early
The berries of Skoroplodnaya, red with an orange admixture, arrived in the Moscow region from China. The tree brings its first harvest most often in the second year. Hidden in the yellowing fragrant berry pulp, the oval of a medium-sized bone is easily separated from the pulp. The hybrid berry of the Early-fruited variety obtained by crossing turned out to be the leader among cherry plums in terms of vitamin C. The late summer harvest is preceded by exuberant May flowering against the background of a wide crown formed by the darkness of the foliage. Small growth does not prevent the cherry plum of this variety to cope perfectly with any diseases, as well as with frosts and winds not only in the Moscow region, but also in the north of Russia. 
Important! If you have several hybrid varieties on the site, then there will be no problems with cross-pollination.
This cherry plum got its spectacular name for the dark, ruby \u200b\u200bredness of growing large (one berry can weigh more than 30 grams) fruits. On the palate, juicy orange fibrous pulp successfully combines sweetness and sourness. You can't just tear off a bone. Good yields fluctuate with significant weather changes, but the plant itself tolerates drought and frost almost perfectly. A medium-tall self-fertile tree is distinguished by its splendor and wide oval of medium crown density. Cherry plum Ruby is a long-liver. The variety was obtained by Crimean breeders back in 1969. 
A valuable stone fruit crop - cherry plum, whose varieties today are distinguished by an impressive variety, thanks to the efforts of breeders, has managed to short term significantly expand their original habitat. Despite the fact that her homeland is considered warm countries South-East Asia, it is successfully moving north, which is of interest to many domestic gardeners. What varieties of cherry plum are popular today - including in regions with a not at all southern, harsh climate?
A little about the origins
The emergence of new varieties of cherry plum was facilitated by its unique property of crossing with plums and representatives of other fruit crops. Taking advantage of this feature, scientists succeeded by crossing with other types of plums to bring out varieties of the so-called. "Cherry plum hybrid".
Since the appearance of the very first results of breeding work, the varieties Abundant, Violet Dessertnaya and Dessertnaya have noted themselves with a special yield, high quality of fruits and their rather solid size (in comparison with wild-growing forms). After that, the work was continued by the famous scientist - professor and academician G.V. Eremin, as a result of which a new fruit crop - Russian plum. It is known that only 3 varieties of cherry plum are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, while the rest are directly related to the Russian plum.
Cherry plum varieties: what to look for when choosing?
The main indicators characterizing the value of one or another cherry plum varietiesare:
- - ripening terms;
- - productivity;
- - size and weight of fruits;
- - winter hardiness.
Which indicator is considered the main one when choosing depends on the area where the purchased seedlings are supposed to be grown. So, when planning to grow them in the Moscow region and other regions of the middle lane, first of all, you should pay attention to winter hardiness. Practical observations show that sudden changes in ambient temperature, return frosts, early cold weather, snowless and little snowy winters can be fatal for most varieties of hybrid cherry plum. Even despite the fact that high-yielding specimens capable of withstanding frosts down to -37 ° have been bred, experienced gardeners strongly advise using shelters for this culture for the winter - first of all, this applies to regions where frosts in winter reach -30 ° and below.
Cherry plum varieties: description and characteristics
Among all the known varieties of cherry plum grown in regions with very different climatic conditions, the following names are most often awarded the highest ratings from gardeners and summer residents.
The Kuban comet is a winter-hardy, partially self-pollinated and early-growing variety of cherry plum, loved by gardeners for its unpretentiousness, excellent yield and delicious taste of rich burgundy, large fruits (about 30 g), the juicy pulp of which has a delicate sweet and sour taste.
Among the disadvantages of the Kuban comet, poor separation of the seed from the pulp is usually noted, as well as the tendency to shrinkage of fruits when the trees are heavily loaded with ripening crops. Among the advantages is resistance to moniliosis, clasterosporiosis, bacteriosis.
Found - a highly productive variety of hybrid cherry plum, medium ripening, disease-resistant, but self-fertile. Providing favorable conditions, the yield from one adult tree can reach up to 80 kg. Recommended for growing in the Central Black Earth zone. Burgundy fruits, weighing up to 30 g, have a pleasant dessert taste.
Ariadne is a medium-sized, high-yielding, disease-resistant variety. Fruits are ruby-red in color, weighing up to 30 g, with a good sour-sweet taste.
The tent - surpasses even the Kuban comet and the Tsar's one in its yield. Shatra trees are weak, however, their winter hardiness is above average (freezing of individual branches is often noted). Fruits are large, up to 40 g, rich ruby \u200b\u200bcolor with golden flesh. The taste is assessed as excellent.
A gift to St. Petersburg - it fell in love with gardeners for its phenomenal yield, excellent winter hardiness, resistance to most of the known diseases, as well as the ability to quickly recover from mechanical damage. Unfortunately, it is not without its drawbacks - first of all, such as:
- - self-infertility,
- - vulnerability to temperature differences in late winter and early spring,
- - a small mass of small orange-yellow fruits (only 10-12 g),
- - the tendency to crumbling of the ripe crop.
Tsarskaya is a cherry plum variety, distinguished by high winter resistance, average height and early maturity. It is prized by gardeners for its good disease resistance and excellent yield. Fruits are large, apricot-yellow in color, weighing about 30 g and partially separated by a stone. The taste is dessert.
June rose (July rose, early comet) - is characterized by early maturity and high productivity, while demonstrating good winter hardiness. During fruiting, it forms large ruby-red fruits with an easily detachable stone.
Krasnomyasaya is a brilliant result of the work of Far Eastern breeders, characterized by excellent winter hardiness. Trees - tall and strong, not affected by aphids. Fruits are large, weighing 35-50 g, dark cherry color. The raspberry-colored pulp has a special juiciness and excellent dessert taste.
Pramen (Promin) - developed at the Research Institute of Belarusian Breeding, in yield is not inferior to the Kuban comet and Shatru. Differs in excellent frost resistance. The trees are partially self-fertile, during the harvest they form yellow-green fruits with a scarlet blush, weighing about 25 g. The taste and aroma of the pulp are assessed as excellent.
Gold of the Scythians - characterized by average productivity at high degree winter hardiness and early ripening. Forms large (30-36 g) golden fruits with yellow aromatic flesh and a pronounced dessert taste.
Sigma - invariably receives positive reviews from gardeners, thanks to its winter hardiness, impressive productivity and large-fruited. Fruits (weighing, on average, up to 30 g) have a bright golden color with a carmine-red blush. The taste is sweet with a slight sourness.
Mara is a versatile, self-fertile variety of cherry plum, medium and late ripening. The trees are distinguished by strong and fast growth, winter hardiness and resistance to clasterosporium disease. The color of the skin of the fruit is light yellow, the color of the pulp is golden-amber. The stone is medium in size, cannot be separated. The pulp is loose, very juicy, of a pleasant sweet taste with a slight sourness.
Chuk - won the recognition of many gardeners of the middle lane, thanks to its high winter hardiness, impressive yield, resistance to diseases and pest infestations. Fruiting late, but very abundant. Fruits - deep burgundy color, have a pronounced fruity aroma and sour-sweet taste.
Huck - is the same highly productive representative of the hybrid cherry plum, like Chuk. It is worth noting that many gardeners have it in a special priority - due not only to excellent winter hardiness, early maturity, resistance to diseases and pests, but also due to abundant harvests of large yellow-pink fruits with a delicate raspberry blush, characterized by pronounced sweetness with an almost imperceptible sourness.
Cleopatra is, according to some reports, a descendant of the already mentioned Kuban comet. Equally, like her predecessor, Cleopatra is distinguished by good growth, non-susceptibility to most diseases and winter hardiness. According to gardeners, ripe fruits (37-40 g) are distinguished not only by their solid size and excellent dessert taste, but also by a delicious fruit aroma.
Not laughing - popular variety cherry plum, which is considered one of the best, due to its winter hardiness, high productivity and excellent quality of large (30-35 g) fruits of a pale red color with light scarlet pulp and easily separable stone. Of course, this is the list of the most popular and, in the opinion experienced gardeners, the best varieties of cherry plum do not end there.
Separately, it would be worth mentioning such names as:
- - Bounty;
- - Vitba (Vitba);
- - Wind;
- - Kid;
- - Soneika;
- - Sarmatka;
- - General;
- - Lodva;
- - Fibing's seedling;
- - Timiryazevskaya;
- - Avalanche, etc.
Also, the attention of gardeners deserves the highly productive varieties of cherry plum, distinguished by delightful decorativeness, which is given to them by the unusual red foliage - Lama, Red-leaved.
When intending to grow a hybrid cherry plum in your garden, it is worth remembering that most of its varieties are self-fertile - i.e. they are not pollinated with their own pollen. The exceptions are the Traveler and the Kuban comet, which are partially self-fertile.
For this reason, trees of not one, but two or three names should be planted on the site for their mutual pollination. Good pollinators are Asaloda, Skoroplodnaya and Krasny Shar. At the same time, if you pick up varieties of different ripening periods - from very early to very late - the harvest can be continuously removed for 2-2.5 months.
It should be borne in mind that at a young age, this culture very quickly stretches upward, and after the beginning of fruiting, it actively grows in breadth, requiring free space. This feature it is important to consider when planting plants - it is desirable that the distance between them varied from 3.5 to 6 meters.
For planting cherry plums are usually allocated sunny areas, reliably sheltered from the cold wind and frost. This can be a place near the southern wall of the house or, in extreme cases, a site surrounded by buildings (a house, a bathhouse, a greenhouse, etc.) that could protect the garden from northeastern winds.
This culture is propagated by several main methods. Among them, the most common are such as: budding, improved copulation on thorns and plums, as well as rooting of green or lignified cuttings.
Until the nineteenth century, those living on the territory of European Russia did not know such a plant as cherry plum... This culture was known to the local population in the Foothills and valleys of the North, Caucasus and Dagestan. By the middle of the last century, cherry plum began a victorious march to the gardens of Russia and other countries the former USSR... At first, its fruits were used only for conservation. In the mid-60s, it was possible to obtain propagated hybrids of plum and cherry plum. These plants had larger fruits and higher taste qualities of ripe fruits, therefore they were successful in spreading not only in the gardens of summer residents, but also in industrial fruit plantations. Selecting the most frost-resistant trees, we bred those varieties that can be cultivated up to the Belgorod - Oryol - Moscow line.
This is a very fast growing breed, it is able to give the first normal harvest after three years from planting it in the garden.
Stably bears fruit in clay, saline or flooded areas. All forms and varieties require pollinator varieties.
The crown is strong growing and requires annual pruning. Cherry plums are good for making stewed fruit and jam.
Modern varieties begin to be harvested from late June and finish in early September. Therefore, it is customary to divide the varieties on the wound, medium and late harvested.
Early varieties of cherry plum: description of varieties
Early fruits make it possible to diversify the table with fresh produce after a long winter. They are used not only as a dessert, but also as a raw material for jam.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tent - this is cherry plum with early harvest, large fruits up to 42 grams. The flesh of cherry plum is yellowish, sour-sweet with a very poorly removable stone. Medium-sized with a rounded spherical crown. First fruits for 4-5 years. It tolerates frost very well. Resistance to various diseases is good. The variety, when pollinated in addition to other varieties, gives a harvest. Cherry plum fruits are used for fresh consumption, good in canned form and in jam. Can be transported over long distances. |
Mid-season cherry plum varieties: description of varieties
Fruits of medium ripeness good in compotes. They are also well stored and transported, especially if harvested at the very beginning of ripeness.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 globe - a tree with strong growth and a wide-round crown. Cherry plum fruits are very large, round-spherical up to 43 grams. The skin is reddish purple with numerous whitish spots in the skin and a bloom of wax. The flesh of the cherry plum fruit is yellowish-sandy, dense, sweet with a slight sourness, the taste is good. The stone is small, easy to remove. The fruits can be transported, used in food and in preservation, in the form of jam, compote, jam. Cleaning in the middle - end of August. A variety only with pollination with other varieties of cherry plum gives a crop. The yield is stable and high. It is tolerant to frosts during the flowering period. Resistant to disease.
|
Late varieties of cherry plum: description of varieties
Late harvested fruits can be stored and transported. You can make jams and preserves.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 Melon - a medium-sized tree with a flat, round-spherical crown and sparse branches. The fruits themselves are large (up to 44 grams), oval-elongated, with a dark red peel and a touch of wax of medium strength. The flesh of the fruit is yellow, medium-dense, sugary, aromatic, of excellent taste. The stone is easily removed from the pulp. This cherry plum is very valuable for eating raw, as well as for jam, preserves and compotes. It tolerates frosts down to -19 very well. Resistance to various diseases and good pests. Yields only with pollination with other varieties of cherry plum. The harvest is stable and high.
|
