Even in a small area, you can equip a pretty decent artificial reservoir, while sacrificing only a few beds. It will be inexpensive. In order to create a pond in the country with your own hands, you only need geotextiles, PVC film or polyethylene and a few days of free time.
Choosing a place for an artificial reservoir
When choosing a place for a pond, it is of great importance illumination... Since aquatic plants require enough sunlight, it shouldn't be too shaded. But too much overheating of the water is also undesirable, as this can lead to blooming of the surface.The most suitable site for placing an artificial reservoir is a place near the fence in the corner of the garden, which is illuminated in the morning, but is in partial shade at noon. Avoid placing the pond near large trees: overgrowing roots can damage the pit cover. And during the fall of leaves, you will have to clean the reservoir of leaves almost every day.
It is better to place an artificial reservoir in partial shade.
Preparation of the pit
The size of an artificial reservoir can be anything - it all depends on the owner's desire and free space on the site. But it should be noted that too large a pond will require more maintenance.1. With the help of hammered stakes and a rope, markings are made in the shape of the pond at the selected place.
2. Sod is removed along the perimeter of the marking.
3. A small pit can be dug with an ordinary shovel. So that the walls of the pit do not crumble, its walls must have slight slope... There is no need to make the artificial reservoir too deep. Minimum depth bowls - 60 cm (plus 30-40 cm for filling the drainage from rubble and sand).
4. If it is planned to launch fish into the pond, its depth should be lower the level of soil freezing in a given climatic region. Otherwise, the water at the bottom will freeze and the fish will die. In the central part of Russia, the soil freezes to a depth of about 1.4-1.5 m.
5. For planting aquatic plants, it is better if the edges of the pit are stepped... The size of each of these steps is 10-15 cm.
Stepped pond pit
6. All large stones and branches are removed from the bottom of the pit, which can damage the not too strong film.
7. At the bottom of the pit is filled drainage: crushed stone, and then sand each with a layer of 20 cm and compacted.
8. To protect against soil erosion, an interlayer of geotextile... It can be replaced with any durable fabric: old carpets, blankets, old oilcloth or roofing felt. Laying of such a protective layer is done with an overlap of about 50 cm on the edges of the pit.
Laying roofing material
9. Further on the bottom of the reservoir you can lay plastic wrap (its shelf life is about 3 years), pVC film (it will last longer, about 15 years) or durable butyl rubber... So that the film is not damaged during filling with water, it must be laid without tension.
A film is laid on the bottom of the pit
10. Cut off excess geotextiles and films immediately. They will take the desired shape only after filling the pond with water. It is better to dig around the perimeter of the pit shallow trench, in which you can lay the edges of the fabric and film and lightly cover it with earth.
11. After filling the artificial reservoir with water, stones are laid along its edges, which will not only hold the material covering the bottom of the pond, but also serve as decoration. The edges of such an artificial reservoir can be decorate and decorative tiles, slate, sandstone or other suitable stones or bricks.
Stones are laid along the edges of the reservoir
12. The area adjacent to the reservoir can be covered with gravel or marble chips.
Pond edge decoration
13. In the center or at the edge of the pond, you can install a small artificial the fountain.
14. Along the edges of the reservoir, you can install several small lamps solar powered.
Council. If there is too little space on the site, a small artificial reservoir can be made from an old wheel or bathtub, buried in the ground and trimmed with stones along the edge (see photo).
A small artificial reservoir made of old bath
A pond from an old wheel
Pond cleaning
To clean a large reservoir, you can use the simplest filtration system: a small pumping station with sand filter. Two pipes are drawn into the pond: one serves to take water, from the second the purified water will again flow into the pool. Additional cleaning can be provided by a small stream filled with sand, through which filtered water will pass before entering the pool again. It can drain into a pond through a small waterfall.
Pond filter
A small body of water only needs to be cleaned manually once a season. To do this, completely pump out water from it using a submersible pump and remove accumulated dirt from the bottom. To clean the pond, you can also use a special vacuum cleaner equipped with a filter, with which you can collect dirt from the bottom.
Vacuum cleaner for cleaning the pond
Council. If you put a vessel at the bottom of the pond filled charcoal, the water in it will not bloom for a long time.
Fallen leaves can be collected from the surface of the pond using a landing net. In autumn, during heavy leaf fall, the reservoir can be covered with a special net. To avoid getting dirt on winter period the pond is covered with any covering material.
Advice... To prevent the film from cracking in frost, it is better not to drain the water for the winter. To compensate for the pressure created by the expansion of the ice, several wooden boards or plastic bottles filled with water.
Planting aquatic plants
Aquatic plants are not only the original decoration of the pond. Swamp, hornwort, elodea and other plants that can saturate the reservoir with oxygen will help protect the water surface from greening.Naturally, only those plants should be planted that can develop well in a given climatic region. To decorate the pond, you can use traditional plants: reed, sedge, reed. Large plants (lilies, water lilies) will be able to cover the water surface from the bright scorching sun and reduce water heating. Flowering plants that prefer to settle near water bodies include arrowhead, kupena, plakun-grass, fern, berry, berry, lungwort, water iris, etc.
Council. For planting plants, you can use special containers that are placed along the bottom of the pit. In this case, it will be much easier to care for the plants.
Planting aquatic plants
Video: Do-it-yourself pond in the country
It is better to locate the pond away from trees - in the fall you will only have to do what to pull the leaves out of the water, moreover, plant roots can damage the bottom cover of the pond. An ideal place for a home reservoir is considered to be a quiet place, inaccessible to winds, without slopes, with medium illumination. Before building a natural pond, keep in mind that in a large body of water it will be much easier to equip the ecosystem, arrange plants and care for the inhabitants.
First of all, creating a pond in the country and personal plot with your own hands, you should understand that the water in it will not need to be chlorinated or subjected to any other type of treatment - on the contrary, you will need to strive to create a biological balance between water, plants and animals, if you have one. That is, the water should self-purify as best as possible, and on your part, in this case, only rare cleaning of bottom debris is needed. The smaller the reservoir, the more difficult it is to establish a balance in it.
The reservoirs can be either strict geometric shapes or imitate natural reservoirs - the first case will do for classic landscape design, trimmed gardens and straight paths, the second will fit into a landscape that imitates wildlife... If you are planning to make a pond with lighting or fountains, when choosing a place, consider the proximity of the power supply.
So that the water does not leak - materials
Whatever materials you choose, you still have to dig! The only exceptions are raised water bodies, which are fenced with a stone border. There are a lot of options for the bottom coating - these are PVC and butyl rubber films, as well as ready-made containers made of reinforced plastic or fiberglass. It is worth immediately discarding ordinary polyethylene - its service life is no more than 1-2 years.
The PVC coating will last 15 years, and the butyl rubber will last more than 50! True, the cost of the latter type of coverage will not be small. Another durable, expensive and laborious method is a reinforced concrete pond bowl. Most quick way to get what you want is to buy a ready-made container made of fiberglass or plastic. True, in most cases these are containers small size, about 4 m 2 with a depth of up to a meter. Larger tanks are already intended for swimming pools, so they will not be cheap.
The finished containers are strong enough, in winter they are not afraid of frost, but it is better not to step on the bottom with your feet, and during transportation, be careful to avoid cracks. Plastic tubs last up to 10 years, containers made of reinforced plastic will last up to 20 years, and fiberglass products - all 30! The disadvantage of such ponds is that they will only be of the form specified by the manufacturer. Film coatings allow you to experiment with shapes as you please.
How to build a pond - stage by stage
To begin with, outline the contours of the future foundation pit - if the construction of the pond on the site will take place with the help of a film, then the contours will be arbitrary, but if you bought a ready-made container, then put it in the place of your choice and circle around the contour with a shovel. Then take this very shovel and dig! The depth of the pit should be 4 cm deeper than the depth of the tank itself, as you will still need to lay a layer of sand for drainage. When the pit is ready, the drainage is backfilled and tamped down, place the bathtub in place and cover the reservoir with plastic.
Try to avoid voids between the walls of the tank and the soil, as they can cause cracks in winter frosts.
After installing the tank, its edges should be lined with brick, artificial or natural stone. It is much more difficult to work with fiberglass baths large sizes - just in their case, the slightest voids between the walls will cause an almost obligatory crack in winter time... Therefore, their installation is best left to specialists.
How to arrange a natural pond on a site with your own hands - dig it right!
Independent creation of a reservoir from 5 m 2 is possible only with flexible film coatings. Observe the pattern - the larger your reservoir, the thicker the bottom cover should be. Pay attention to the color of the film you want to use for your artwork. The black film forms a real mirror from the pond, in which the clouds and blue sky will be reflected. If you are aiming for a natural color, choose brown. Cream or blue shades it is best used if fish will live in the water - against this background they will be much better distinguishable.
Now how to improve the reservoir - for this there is a huge assortment of plants that are not afraid of constant moisture. Water lilies will look especially impressive on the water surface. Such plants are planted on a special fabric that better keeps them at the bottom of the reservoir. Decorate your pond and a small murmur, for example, from a natural stone.
* This article was prepared with the assistance of the Marlin-shop pond fish and pond equipment.
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An artificial pond on the site is the dream of many summer residents. The murmur of water, calms, pacifies, gives positive emotions and good mood.
And if you plant aquatic plants in a decorative pond in the country, decorate the shore with reeds, equip a cascade or a fountain, this place will become your pride, all members of your family will be happy to relax here, and the neighbors will certainly want to equip the same miracle on their site.
A pond in a garden is a great pleasure, but also a great responsibility. After all, building and decorating an artificial reservoir, even the simplest and most unpretentious, with your own hands is a lot of work and a great desire to bring beauty to your site.
Of course, such work is easier to shift onto someone else's shoulders, but, firstly, it is very costly, and secondly, no one, except the owner himself, can do everything with great love, neatness and to your liking.
And if you choose the most suitable option for arranging a pond at a summer cottage, both by your means and by your means, then the desired result will certainly be achieved. Moreover, any decorative additions to the design of the reservoir can be made not immediately, but as needed.
Almost all artificial ponds in summer cottages are built according to approximately the same scheme. Some can be buried in the ground, others left on the surface, the pond can be large or small, of any shape and style.
Unlike a pool for a pond, it is not necessary to dig a pit of great depth, and also does not require enhanced thermal protection and a solid structure of the bowl, unless it is planned to combine a decorative pond and a swimming pond in one project.
As you can see in the photo, the pond on the site can be anything - it all depends on your desire:
The main thing is to properly prepare: determine the purpose of the reservoir, choose its location, shape and size, as well as style decorative design... After that, you can procure and buy the required material and start work.
Since, unlike pools, the water in ponds does not need to be subjected to special treatment (chlorination, ozonation, etc.), a certain biological balance must be created for them. Otherwise, the water in the pond will bloom, become cloudy, the plants will wither and only midges and frogs will choose it - this is a very dubious pleasure for the owner of the reservoir.
Start construction work better in summer or in the spring, when the groundwater "subsides", which will greatly simplify the work.
Initially, you need to create a project that would take into account all the nuances of the backyard mini-water area, how the size and shape of the pond will be combined. It is necessary that the landscape near the house looks holistic; in addition, it is necessary to determine what the volume of work will be and how much materials will be required.
Sometimes even a small but carefully designed pond requires a significant return of effort, time and money than large sizebut easy to carry out pond.
Before dwelling on the type of reservoir, you need to get acquainted in more detail with what its shapes, sizes, device, design, and also what materials will be required in this case.
Look at the photo: ponds in a garden plot differ in shape, size, materials used to create a bowl of a reservoir, style of decoration:
Where to choose a place on the site to make a pond
Where to make a pond in the country to meet all the necessary conditions? The location of this artificial reservoir is determined by the size and characteristics of the site. The choice of pond location will primarily depend on the purpose of the reservoir. If it is recommended to arrange the pool on the south side of the site in an open area, so that the water in it is always well heated, then for the device decorative pond slightly different conditions are necessary: \u200b\u200bit must be open from the southwest.
In the event that it is planned to populate the pond with fish, then it is important for them to provide optimal temperature water: the body of water should not be exposed to solar radiation more than 5 hours a day.
When choosing fish, you should inquire in advance about the water temperature suitable for their life: for some, cold water is needed, and for others, slightly warmed up.
A strong wind will interfere with the development of tall aquatic plants, and an excessive amount of direct sunlight can lead to increased reproduction of bacteria and algae in stagnant water, a lack of light will slow down the growth of aquatic plants.
Since artificial ponds, even of small sizes, do not tolerate an overabundance of heat, and their sides are not high, it would be best to plant a few bushes or a tall fern along the reservoir on the west side, or a tall fern that will slightly shade the pond.
There should not be large ones near the pond deciduous trees and flowers, as in the case of a pool device: falling leaves and petals will clog the water, which will lead to an oxygen imbalance, and the pond will begin to overgrow with algae.
In addition, large trees have extensive root system, which, reaching out to the water, will violate the integrity of the reservoir.
But if there is orchard and there is no free open space, then you will have to arrange a pond near the trees, but, nevertheless, trying to move it as far as possible. The garden will need to be carefully monitored, kept clean and tidy.
Also, you should not arrange the lawn close to the pond, because the cut grass can also get into the water.
For better ventilation of the reservoir, the space around it should be open.
It is important to choose the right place for the reservoir, taking into account the relief. Perhaps there are natural depressions or small pits on the site, then they can be safely used when creating a pond. If, for example, you plan to make a cascade or an alpine slide, then you need to make sure that there is a small hill next to the place for the pond.
If there is none, then it will have to be created artificially. In any case, the pond must be in the lowland, otherwise you will have to constantly monitor the water level so that it does not overflow over the edge of the pond bowl.
Well, if there is already a natural reservoir on the territory of the garden, then all that remains is to give it the desired shape (increase or decrease), decorate the banks and plant the plants.
It is better to place an artificial reservoir as close as possible to the house and communications so that you can conduct electricity to it if you plan to make a backlight and install a pumping system.
One way or another, being near the house, the pond will be in the zone of artificial lighting. And if there are small children in the family, then even if you are in the house, you can always control their games by the water. However, the pond can be located at a distance of at least 2 m from a house or other structure.
It is also important that the water source is as close to the body of water as possible so that it can be more easily filled with water.
A properly selected place under the pond will guarantee its long-term normal functioning without seasonal "blooming" in spring and summer.
If there is not enough large and free space in one place, you can arrange several reservoirs of different styles in different parts of the site. All this must be carefully thought out and included in the plan.
What size and depth should the pond be
The optimum pond size should ideally be within 3% of the total garden area. If your dacha is a standard six acres, then 18 m2 will need to be allocated under the pond, but not every summer resident will allow himself such extravagance.
In order to save usable space, you can make a reservoir of smaller size. But it should be borne in mind that large ponds are more convenient in terms of ecosystem organization. It is easier to create comfortable conditions for vegetation and aquatic life in a large body of water than in a small one.
Thus, large ponds will be easier to maintain, and smaller ponds will have to be cleaned more often, since they do not have enough room to settle any inhabitants that would help naturally establish a complete ecological balance.
How deep should a pond at a summer cottage? There is no need to make artificial bodies of water deep unless they are intended for swimming.
You can arrange a reservoir with a different bottom level: a shallow water step for coastal plants, a mid-level step and a deeper spot for deep sea plants and fish. The maximum depth here can be 150-180 cm (below the freezing mark). It should occupy one fifth of the total pond area.
The depth of the pond of a small one-level reservoir usually does not exceed 50 cm, and, of course, it is not designed for fish. The choice of depth will depend on what plants are planned to be planted in the reservoir, whether it will be populated by fish, etc.
When choosing the size of the pond on the site (width and length), first of all, you need to take into account your physical capabilities, as well as the harmony of the perception of the reservoir as a composite spot on the site. In other words, the size of the pond should be correlated with other elements of the summer cottage landscape.
Even a small pond in the country, decorated with good selection decor elements will look very beautiful. Large ponds on a small piece of land will visually reduce the size of the garden, while narrow but extended ones, on the contrary, will visually increase the space.
Of course, the smaller the dimensions of the reservoir, the easier it is to make it with your own hands: less materials will be required, and labor costs are minimal. But their further maintenance is difficult.
Therefore, before starting work, you need to carefully think over and weigh everything, and you should not be afraid of large reservoirs, because modern technologies make it easy to build a pond of any size and depth - durable and beautiful at the same time.
Different forms of artificial garden ponds (with photo)
The shapes of artificial ponds can be correct or incorrect. The first type includes rectangular, diamond-shaped, round, oval, etc. This is a classic. Such reservoirs have a rather austere look, so they should be combined with buildings, garden paths and other elements of architecture and decor. suburban area.
Usually, well-shaped garden ponds are arranged near buildings, thereby emphasizing the straight lines of the structure.
Such reservoirs require less effort during their construction, and are also more convenient in further maintenance. The rounded shapes of a decorative pond are more practical, since debris constantly accumulates in the corners of rectangular reservoirs, and it is sometimes difficult to remove it from the water if various plants are planted along the coast.
Ponds in the country irregular shape can be rounded and have completely different coastal outlines - depending on the imagination of the creator. They look more natural and very romantic, therefore they are very popular.
Aquatic plants are planted along the curved coastline of such reservoirs; a gentle descent is formed by pebbles or small cobblestones. Thus, the reservoir almost completely imitates a natural pond. The main thing is to arrange it correctly.
Ponds different forms, created according to their own project, are unique and inimitable, and the second, exactly the same is nowhere else in the world - the owner of such an artificial reservoir will have something to be proud of. It is customary to place such a landscape-style pond in the back of the garden next to the lawn. They fit especially well into the arbitrary style of the garden plot.
However, a pond with a complex configuration will not fit very well into a strict and laconic design plot. In this case, it is better to choose a simpler configuration.
Pay attention to the photo: the shape of the pond may be correct, but with an uneven shoreline:
Modern materials allow you to create any pond shape, even the most bizarre and eccentric. So, when choosing the form of a reservoir, you do not need to be afraid of special difficulties in work, the main thing is that this creation fully satisfies your own needs and desires.
Water level in the garden pond
In terms of water level, ponds can be raised above the ground or buried in the soil. Raised ponds are usually regular in shape and shallow. For them, a frame is built to the desired height and finished with some kind of waterproofing material. You can very quickly make such a pond using a ready-made container.
Raised bodies of water are easier to care for than submerged bodies of water. Also, such reservoirs reduce the risk of small children falling into the water. The sides of the pond protruding above the ground can be used as a seat or for arranging a flower garden.
In the pond itself, you can arrange a fountain or waterfall - to taste. There are many design options. Only fish in such ponds cannot be bred (since they freeze in winter), only annual plants are planted.
It takes more time, materials and physical effort to create deep water bodies, but there are countless design options for such a structure.
Under it, you need to dig a pit, and then arrange a bowl, using either ready-made forms of various configurations and sizes, or a special pond film, or, as in the construction of a pool, a reinforced concrete bowl.
The last option is the most expensive and difficult from a technological point of view, therefore it justifies itself only when building a swimming pond, when the bowl will be used to create landscape style reservoir (with plants, stones and fish), and for people to swim in it.
Watch the video "Ponds on the site" and enjoy the beauty of artificial reservoirs in the garden:
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The contemplation of the flowing water is soothing. Its measured murmur pacifies, bewitches, gives a feeling of calmness. On a clear day, sun glare plays in clean, transparent droplets. At sunset, the heavy red sun paints a bright path on the flat surface of the pond. Water gives coolness in the heat, refreshes, invigorates ...
OscoHouse
We all remember from childhood the fairy tales about the magical power of living water. According to astrologers, representatives of the signs of the water element especially need the healing power of water, therefore they are recommended to surround themselves with all kinds of bodies of water. It doesn't matter if it is a small home aquarium, a small fountain or a large picturesque pond. The main thing is the incomparable feeling of coziness and comfort that comes from the water.
Advice
The necessary attributes of the design of swimming pools in the composition of decorative reservoirs are also all kinds wooden flooring and walkways. In addition to the fact that they provide a convenient approach and descent to the water, it is very convenient to place the necessary equipment under them, ensuring the water cycle in the system.
Own sea
Biomarket
A large pond in a suburban area is a small sea. A lot of pleasure and a lot of responsibility. What will this pond be like - classic, symmetrical, with smooth edges and strict geometry of coastlines - or romantic, as close as possible to natural, natural outlines; whether it is intended only for swimming or inhabited by fish is up to the owner of the pond, since the choice of design projects is great and will satisfy any, even the most demanding owner of the land.
Advice
Consider carefully what kind of body of water you want. The worst thing for a specialist is when they ask him: "Do something!"
Dmitry Vasiliev,
technical Director
LLC "Master-fountain"
Dream come true
In order to competently approach the creation of your own reservoir, you should first of all read the special literature. Based on the information received, you will be able to choose the right materials you need to make your dreams come true.
When creating a backyard mini-water area, you need to consider three main aspects. The first is the pond design. It is necessary to carefully weigh and consider how the size and shape of the pond will be combined, whether its design will harmonize with the surrounding landscape, whether it will suit the style, whether the landscape near the house will look holistic and beautiful.
The second and most significant aspect is the location of the reservoir. If this is a pond exclusively for swimming, then it should be located on the south side of the site so that the water in it is always well warmed up. On the north side, for protection from the wind, you can install a gazebo on the shore. If the pond is inhabited by fish, it is important to ensure that the water temperature is optimal for their life. Therefore, such a reservoir should not be exposed to solar radiation for more than 5 hours a day. You should inquire in advance about the water temperature suitable for the life of your chosen fish: some prefer cold water, others a little warmed up.
Advice
When choosing the size of the waterproofing film, all possible circumstances should always be considered. Order a film of a slightly larger size than required - under certain conditions, the soil at the base of the pond can settle, so a small stock will not hurt.
Dmitry Vasiliev,
technical director of LLC "Master-fountain"
1.With the help of coastal modules, fastened with metal brackets, markings are made. 2. Retreating from the edge of the coastline, a pit is dug
There should be no large deciduous trees and flowers near the reservoir, otherwise falling foliage and petals will clog the water, and due to an oxygen imbalance, the pond will begin to overgrow with algae. The lawn should also not come close to the pond - the cut grass can get into the water and clog the pond. For ventilation, the area around the pond should be open.
The third aspect is the amount of work, time and material costs. Sometimes it takes no less effort, time and money to create a small but carefully designed pond than to build a large, but simple pond.
There are many ways to create reservoirs. Various materials are used for this purpose - concrete; butyl rubber; special film coating; ready-made plastic forms; plastic bowls custom made by individual project... But all ponds - both large and small - are built in approximately the same way.
What should we build a pond?
3. A waterproofing film is laid on the bottom of the reservoir, a shock-absorbing material is placed on top of the film.
4. Cobblestone and large pebbles are laid on the top layer of geotextile
Before you start creating a pond in the garden, you need to create it on paper - sketch a rough sketch of what we want to see on our site.
The current fashion for the shape of the reservoir is dominated by a departure from the classics, straight lines and clear boundaries. The last "squeak" is a mini-water area of \u200b\u200bextravagant, irregular shape. Such a pond is unique, unrepeatable - we can say with complete confidence that exactly the same reservoir no longer exists and will not be anywhere else in the world. But sometimes a pond with a complex configuration does not fit well into the surrounding relief, especially if the site has a strict design. In this case, simplicity of form will rather be an advantage.
The pond itself is already beautiful and bright, and there are still many different decorations, which, by the way, can carry both aesthetic and functional loads. So during construction, you should also think about what additional elements you will decorate your pond afterwards. These can be various fences, decorative bridges (which will be very useful in a garden made in japanese style) or hanging platforms.
Undersea world
5. The pond is filled with water in several stages, giving the film time for final shrinkage.
Concrete T-shaped modules are installed on the site of the future swimming reservoir
When creating a deep swimming pond, you should provide for a convenient entrance to the water. At least one of the slopes should be gentle, but in general it is desirable that the bottom slope on all coasts is no more than 45 °.
For aquatic inhabitants, several underwater terraces should be made - a shallow water area, a platform for deep-water plants and the deepest place for fish.
If you have small children, you can simply reduce the water level in the pool for their safety. Then, when the children grow up, the water level can be raised.
A matter of technology
"Landscape constructions". A layer of geotextile and a layer of waterproofing are laid on the bottom of the reservoir. Upper concrete modules are installed along the perimeter of the swimming bowl.
The shallow-water regeneration zones are covered with soil. The bottom and walls of the pool are decorated with a waterproofing film imitating pebbles, the edges - with cobblestones and large stones.
You can lay a pond at any time of the year. It is better to immediately mark the place for the pit and underwater terraces with pegs with a rope stretched between them. When creating terraces, it is better to leave small earth embankments for the convenience of fixing the film and a layer of sand for planting. The pit should be dug 5-10 cm deeper than the expected level, then to fill the bottom with sand and cover with coconut mats or special non-woven fabric - geotextile.
Advice
In some cases, a honeycomb-like geostatic mesh is mounted on the top layer of the geotextile. These "honeycombs" can be placed in large pebbles or cobblestones to create the effect of a rocky bottom. But such a mesh is used only with IZOBENT, and is usually not used in the standard construction scheme.
Company "Landscape Designs"
Landscape constructions
If the bottom of the pit will be reinforced with a film, then all sharp objects - stones, tree roots, etc. - should be removed. Work should be started on a warm sunny day, since the elasticity of the film increases with increasing temperature. It is easy to calculate its dimensions: width \\\\ length of the film \u003d width \\\\ length of the intended reservoir + double the maximum depth + 1 meter in order to bend the film over the side and dig it into the ground for fixation. (After fixing at the bottom, the edges of the film are wrapped over the sides and dug into the ground for several tens of centimeters. This allows the film to be securely fixed and prevent groundwater from entering the pond).
Before starting work on providing waterproofing, you need to find out what the level of groundwater is. If they are fairly close to the ground, then a relief valve will be required. This is very important point, because if the water table rises, then they can ruin the pond, simply squeezing out part of the bottom.
This bowl is not for tea
Further work on the reinforcement of the pond bowl can be performed according to several schemes.
The first and, it should be noted, the most expensive method is concreting. This is the oldest and most reliable way strengthening the bottom. The concrete bottom is not afraid of either groundwater or freezing - and will serve faithfully for more than one generation of owners.
Butyl rubber bottom films are also strong enough. They can withstand temperatures down to -35 ° C. Although on the market you can find such films produced different countries, experts in the creation of ponds recommend purchasing goods from a German manufacturer. Films from Germany are better in quality,
in addition, they are guaranteed to last at least 15 years.
PVC films have gained popularity due to their low cost and ease of use. They are from 0.5 to 1.0 cm thick. To create a pond on a personal plot, a film with a thickness of 0.8 cm is most often used.
Today, PVC is being replaced by a more promising material, which is commonly called "EPDM-membrane" among professionals. The material is capable of stretching tenfold without the threat of rupture. Sold in the form of panels and sheets standard sizeswhich are glued in place with glue or heat seal tape.
"Geotechnology". Construction of a reservoir using a geostatic grid
Another option suitable for creating a large body of water is to use liquid rubber... After solidification of this material, a solid bowl is obtained. The main plus is that in this way you can create a reservoir of any size. If the width of the film turns out to be less than the width of the pond, you will have to make a seam, the quality of which will determine the quality of the waterproofing of the reservoir. When using liquid rubber, such problems do not arise - you can create a pond bowl of any size and configuration, perfectly flat or with ledges. The service life of the liquid rubber bowl is 50 years.
In specialized stores, you can buy ready-made plastic bowls with a volume of up to 1000 liters or more. Large bowls are made to order. Plastic forms are used when you need to create a pond quickly and inexpensively. They are made of durable frost-resistant plastic with UV filter and already have several terraces for aquatic plants, fish, recesses for lights and a pump.
The natural covering of the pond bottom couldn't be easier. Sand, gravel and flat stones are all you need in this case.
After making the pond bowl, you can start slowly filling the pond with water. The jet should be spray to help reduce the chlorine content of the water. But still, before planting plants and launching fish into the pond, a certain time must pass, during which fresh tap water must "breathe".
Two in one
Can be achieved harmonious combination swimming pool and decorative artificial reservoir. Such a "hybrid" is called a landscape swimming pool among professionals. The main thing in the development of such a hydraulic structure is to solve problems associated with contradictions in the rules for the construction of such reservoirs.
Mirror surface decorative reservoir, beautifully designed coastlines, as well as the convenience of planting plants in shallow water are its main trump cards. But for swimming pools, the main issue is the depth and hygiene of the reservoir. The water purification system should be as close to natural as possible. This is the main difficulty in arranging a landscape swimming pool. It is necessary to organize a water purification system as close as possible to natural. This can be achieved by forced circulation water when the water passes through the regeneration zone and returns to the swimming bowl cleaned, clarified and enriched with oxygen. And then you can swim in such a reservoir even if there are fish and plants in it.
The construction scheme for a landscaped swimming pool may be as follows. First, markings are made on the terrain with a curb plastic tape, which will later serve as a contour of the future reservoir. Then a pit is dug to the full depth of the swimming bowl and the foundation is cast under the sides of the inner cavity of the reservoir. As waterproofing material EPDM membrane is used. A shock-absorbing layer of geotextile is laid on top, on which concrete blocks are installed from which the walls of the swimming bowl are arranged. Next, backfilling of shallow-water regeneration zones is carried out. The final touch is to decorate the surface of the bottom and walls of the pool with a waterproofing film that imitates natural material, say, a pebble.
Decor
A ready-made, waterproof pond bowl can be skillfully decorated. One of the options for such an "internal" decoration is an artificial stone, it is also concrete with the addition of plasticizers. This material is convenient in that during the hardening process it can be given the desired shape. The pond, decorated with artificial stone, looks very impressive. Such a "lake" in a solid rock is an ideal addition to a rocky garden.
Multicolored industrial glass mosaics and bright tiles on the bottom, especially in combination with colored pebbles on the shore, are an excellent design move for connoisseurs of colorful and vibrant life. Lovers of natural, natural beauty will suit pVC film with glued on epoxy resin pebbles. Such a film is also indispensable for the design of steep slopes, which are quite difficult to decorate with ordinary natural materials.
A special chic to the reservoir will be given by various "antique" objects associated with water or liquid in general, - from ancient Greek amphorae to ancient jugs. And, of course, the indispensable elements of aqua design are phytodecor
and backlight.
And the water will always be clean!
Any reservoir, even the smallest one, needs timely cleaning. Garbage can be both mechanical, accidentally falling into the pond, and biological, arising from the life of plants and fish. If a small reservoir can be cleaned by hand, then a large one simply needs a special filter that cleans the water from contamination. It can be placed next to the bathing area so as not to disturb the aquatic inhabitants. Special filter covers made in the form of large stones will help to disguise the cleaning equipment.
If a lot of foliage gets into the water, you can install a skimmer. It collects fallen leaves and petals, forming a small funnel on the surface of the pond.
Water is the substance thanks to which life appeared on earth. Any pond - both large and small - is quickly populated by inhabitants who begin to live their own lives, at their own pace and pace, but next to you. This is a whole microcosm in a small area, amazing and diverse. Give yourself the opportunity to live in harmony with this microcosm, observe or even communicate with its inhabitants, and then your own life will be filled with the harmony and wisdom of nature.
Modern technologies make it easy to build a pond of any area and depth, durable and beautiful at the same time. If there is already a natural reservoir on the territory of the garden, you can give it the desired configuration, enlarge, decorate the banks.
Text: Snezhana Kholodova, Vladislav Chigazov
Consultants: "Landscape Designs" company, "Master-Fountain" LLC
"Landscape solutions" No. 3, 2008
Large garden ponds
If you want to make a relatively large pond on the site, with an area water surface 5-8 sq. m and more, first of all, decide on its size and location. The size can only depend on your desire and the capabilities of the site. It is better to choose a place that is not too dark, since most aquatic plants are photophilous enough. It is not worth making a pond in a lowland so that it is not flooded by groundwater and melt water in spring. If you make a reservoir near large trees, then be prepared to periodically remove fallen leaves, branches, seeds, etc. from it. It is best to make a reservoir in a recreation area, where it will be pleasant to admire it from a garden gazebo or from a lawn.
Before you start digging a pit, outline the outline of the future reservoir and solve the following questions:
What to do with the excavated soil?Do not rush to order a tractor with a cart and remove the soil from the site, you can find use for it on the site itself - for example, to create alpine slide or in order to raise the level of the entire site or any part of it. And do not be discouraged that the soil from the depths of the pit is not fertile, not cultivated - if necessary, you can quickly improve it by introducing organic fertilizers.
The size of the garden pond depends only on your desire and the possibilities of the site
How deep should the pond be?It depends on its size and the purposes for which you are creating it. If you want to have a small pond with shallow plants, its depth should be about 50-70 cm. If you want to combine it with a bathing pool or plant water lilies, lotuses, start fish there, the depth must be increased to 1-1.5 m.
How to make the bottom relief?In natural-style ponds, the side walls cannot be made vertical, steep - they must necessarily have a slope. From my own experience, I will say that this slope should be at least 45 degrees - the coating of more vertical walls in winter can be severely damaged by ice. At the same time, this slope should not be even, smoothly lowering from the coast to the center. In order to make it easier to descend into the pond, plant or install plants in containers, take care of them, you need to make 2-3 terraces at different depths with a width of at least 40-50 cm. The first of the terraces should have a depth of 10-15 cm , the second - 20-30, the third - 30-50. In this case, you can place plants on them that need different depths of water.
What to make a pond waterproofing?It depends on the type of pond and the amount of effort and money that you are willing to spend. The cheapest waterproofing coating - clay (provided that you carry out the work yourself and use the material at hand). Wet clay must be evenly laid on the bottom and walls of the reservoir with a layer of 15–20 cm and tamped, if necessary, moistened with water so that no voids and cracks remain in it. Then you need to let the top layer dry and pour a small layer of sand, gravel or soil for plants on top.
It is much easier physically, but more expensive from a financial point of view, a film covering. However, not every film is suitable for waterproofing a pond. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films are inexpensive, but not very durable and release into water and soil harmful substances (eg heavy metal cadmium). Plastic film is also not very suitable - it is easily pierced by plant roots and various objects, becomes fragile in frost and sunlight, as a result of which it can withstand no more than 2-3 winter seasons. It is best to use special rubber films (butyl rubber) for waterproofing the pond - these films are strong, elastic and well glued with special glue, but, unfortunately, they are quite expensive.
The film laying technology is as follows:
Measure the length and width of the excavated pit - for this, take a cord, lay it along the bottom of the pit from one edge to the other (in the widest places of the pond). To the resulting length add 60–100 cm at the edge fold (30–50 cm on each side) - this will be the size of the required piece of film;
Spread the film on an even place next to the pond, let it lie down in the sun for an hour or two so that it straightens up and becomes softer;
Cut a piece to the desired size; if the panels, on the contrary, are not large enough, glue them;
Slide the finished panel onto the reservoir so that the center of the film lies on the bottom, press the edges of the panel on the banks with stones or pipes;
Pour a small layer of clean sand or washed pebbles on the bottom and the terrace to better fix the film;
Start filling the pond with water, as it fills - straighten the cloth, laying, where necessary, folds;
When 10-15 cm remains to the upper mark, temporarily stop filling the reservoir;
Along the entire perimeter, stepping back from the edge about 10–20 cm, dig a groove 5–10 cm deep, tuck the edge of the film into it and sprinkle it with soil;
Decorate the edge of the film: lay tiles or flat stones along the edge of the pond so that they cover upper part films and hung 5–8 cm above the water. Stones should be placed horizontally or slightly tilted away from the pond (so as not to slide towards the water) and large enough to be stable. In most cases, it does not make sense to fasten stones with concrete - in the conditions of the harsh Russian winter, concrete will quickly crack. In order to make the reservoir look more natural and interesting, in some places the stones can be replaced with pieces of turf or wooden flooring imitating the embankment;
Let the water stand for several days, after which you can start planting the plants, and only then add water to the maximum level.
The most expensive and durable material for pond waterproofing is concrete. However, making a reservoir from it is not easy. In the climate of central and northern Russia, a thick layer of ice that forms on the surface of the water can tear apart concrete walls. To prevent this from happening, for the construction of reservoirs, as a rule, special high-grade concrete with a powerful frame made of reinforcement and a wall thickness of at least 30 cm is used. the walls are made with a slope of at least 45 degrees so that the ice does not "expand" them, but "pushes" upwards.
Most often, ponds of a regular style are made of concrete, having the correct geometric shape... To fill such reservoirs, it is easier to make formwork, and the walls can be made vertical, since the water is drained from them for the winter, containers and pots with cold-resistant aquatic plants are transferred to other reservoirs, fish and heat-loving plants - to aquariums and winter gardens.
Concreted reservoirs can be buried in the ground or partially or completely raised above the soil level. In raised ponds of a regular style, the walls are faced from the outside with stone, tiles, or decorative brick... Inside the walls and bottom cover liquid glass or decorative film, tiles, sometimes - multi-colored, with patterns and designs. During the construction of such reservoirs, it is necessary to pre-lay holes in the bottom to drain water, and lay a cable in the walls for decorative lighting, connecting a fountain or equipment for purifying and aerating water.
Finally your pond is built and it's time to breathe life into it. Let's start by choosing plants.
Facing the reservoir with concrete
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