Every year many plants are planted in Russia. various trees, and the most favorite of them is birch. This white-barreled beauty is a real symbol of Russia. How to transplant a birch tree so that it takes root and begins to grow well? To do this, you should follow a few simple rules, the first of them is that it is better to plant a birch in early spring, while the foliage has not yet started to grow, then the trees are provided with a high survival rate.
It is necessary to prepare in advance everything that is required for transplantation:
Bayonet shovel;
- strong peg 1.5 meters long;
- bucket;
- a large piece of cellophane;
- a piece of synthetic twine to tie the cellophane;
- 1 meter of rope to tie the seedling to the peg;
- clay;
- water;
- humus;
- complex fertilizer.
Planting holes for trees 60x60x60 in size must be dug on the eve of planting, in a well-lit area. In bright light, birch will grow dense, sprawling, with dense foliage. A mixture of humus, garden soil and a handful of fertilizer is poured into the dug holes by one third.
Saplings of paper, American, Dahurian and many other birches can be bought in nurseries, but the most cheap way get seedlings - dig them in a well-lit place. On large forest glades or edges, birch shoots grow strong, strong, and you can find saplings of drooping birch, or warty birch. You need to choose plants with a height of no more than 1 meter - when they are dug up, their roots will be less damaged, and they will take root better.
From the trunk of the selected seedling, you need to step back 30 cm and dig the ground around the stem to the depth of the bayonet of the shovel, trying not to damage the side roots. Then deepen the shovel under the central root and, prying the roots with effort, pull the seedling out of the ground. It is better to work with an assistant, otherwise you can break a young tree.
Dug seedlings should not be left in the wind or sun - they can dry out quickly. The earth on the roots must be preserved so that the thin roots are not damaged. An earthen ball with roots is neatly placed on cellophane film, wrapped and tied with twine. Then the seedling can be placed in a suitable container or placed in the trunk of a car and transported to the landing site.
You need to drive a peg into the corner of each landing hole, and in one of the holes you can make a clay mash, diluting the clay with water to the density of sour cream. Before planting, each tree is dipped in roots in this mash and placed in a prepared hole into which a bucket of water was poured. The root neck cannot be buried when planting - this will impair the growth of the tree.
Then you can begin to pour earth into the pits, slowly trampling it from the edges of the pit to the middle. When planting, one person should hold the tree vertically, and the second should cover the roots with earth.
When the hole is filled with earth and compacted, the trunk of the tree is tied to the peg with a rope, twisting it between the trunk and the peg in the form of a tourniquet so that the trunk does not rub against the peg in the wind. After planting, the tree must be watered. Water the seedlings twice a week if there is no rain. It is necessary to ensure that in the near-stem circles the earth is always loose, then moisture will penetrate well to the roots of the seedling.
Several beautiful thin birch trees with light trunks create a special feeling of joy and even pride in their native land. Since ancient times, this tree has been considered a symbol of Russia - a slender white birch trunk, thin branches easily sway even from the slightest breath of wind. Just for the sake of this, it is worth planting this beauty on your site. Whoever decides to take such a step - to plant a birch grove near his house, you need to know that a birch tree is not only beautiful, but also very demanding on moisture. Rather, the birch itself will grow well and delight everyone with its beauty, even without requiring special care and fertilizing, it will take only the necessary moisture from the soil, drawing out the maximum of nutrients. So if your household plot not too spacious, consider watering the soil before planting birch.
What to Consider Before Boarding
Planting a tree is a decisive step, but you must first think through everything in advance, for several years, or even decades. We plant a birch tree as a thin tree, and as a result, a large tree grows, which takes up a lot of space. It takes a long time to wait until the tree gets stronger and a beautiful birch grove turns out, so many inexperienced gardeners immediately plant a lot of seedlings without thinking about the consequences. So, an adult tree reaches a height of 15 to 30 m, a trunk diameter of up to 7-8 m, or even more if the birch grows in an open, well-lit area.
It is not necessary to refuse planting birch trees on your site, it is important to consider the following recommendations:
- we observe the distance when landing: from a residential building or a barn, it is necessary that the distance be at least 5 m, from retaining wall- 3m;
- take into account the location of communications: water pipes, sewerage, heating networks and gas, as well as cable and drainage system- all this must be taken into account and a landing distance of at least 3 m must be maintained;
- if tall trees grow nearby, then you need to step back from them and plant a birch at a distance of 3-5 m;
- when flowering, the tree throws out beautiful "earrings" that emit allergenic pollen.
And that's not all, if a birch grows near garden crops, then from the north it will create a shadow. Will it be convenient for you or your neighbors? Given the fact that the trees will begin to grow in width, it is necessary to observe the distance between each seedling. Therefore, we plant a birch every 4 m.
In addition, if you have not had time to pay attention, this tree does not like neighborhood with other cultures. If you look at the birch grove, then in it, apart from the white trunks of birches, you will not see anything else. This is another explanation that birch does not get along with other plants. If your site is small, think about the fact that as a result only a beautiful birch grove will remain, and planting other plants and garden crops will no longer work. And not only because birch does not like to grow next to other crops, but also poisons the soil for neighboring plants, taking away all the nutrients and moisture.
You can admire the beautiful birch in the photo:
Features of soil preparation for planting birch
If you look closely at a birch grove in the forest, you can draw the following conclusion - the tree loves moisture and feels good on moist and cool soils. If you plant a tree in an open sunny area, then even short-term dry periods can adversely affect the growth of birch. Therefore, it is necessary to think carefully and choose a suitable place for planting birch.
A completely shaded place for planting seedlings is not suitable, as the plant will gain strength and the green mass needs full lighting. It is allowed to plant a birch in a shaded area, but only half. Choose a site where even in summer the soil remains moist and cool, and in the daytime the leaves should receive enough light and heat. A good place for planting a slender beauty - the northern or eastern side of the house or any outbuilding. It is not recommended to plant birch from the western or southern side so that the sun does not dry out the soil.
If you have decided on a place, pay attention to the electrical wires, in a few years, when the birch reaches a height of up to 20 m, there is a risk that they may be damaged.
Returning to the quality of the soil, it is worth paying the attention of readers to such a nuance - an adult tree is capable of drawing up to 200 liters of moisture from the soil per day, and this is an average of 20 buckets of water. Can you imagine how much the soil around the birch will be dehydrated? It is possible that others horticultural crops moisture will not be enough. Given this feature of the tree, it is necessary to take care of organizing the irrigation of the site in advance.
How to take a seedling in the forest
Not everyone has the opportunity to go to the nursery and buy a young birch, it can be troublesome and costly. Another thing is to go into the forest and find a suitable option. If you want to grow on your suburban area white-trunked birch from the wild forest, then you need to dig a healthy strong seedling. Go to the forest in early spring, when the leaves on the birch have not yet blossomed. It is possible to find a suitable young birch in the fall, but it is undesirable to plant a tree in the winter, since the birch may not take root.
Walk through the birch grove - choose a medium-sized game, no more than 1 m tall, as tall trees do not take root well.
How to properly dig a seedling:
- With a shovel, you need to dig a place around a young birch so that the roots are not damaged. Birch is not too capricious and tolerates slight damage to the root system calmly, but it is better to do this work as carefully as possible.
- Deepen the shovel code root from 3 sides, and then gently and with pressure remove the tree from the ground. It is best to work in pairs, so you can definitely dig good seedling and not damage the roots.
- You will need a heavy plastic bag or bucket. It is necessary that on the roots of the birch tree remains as much as possible more land. Together with the earth, we place the birch in a bag or bucket, tie it with a rope and transport it to the transplant site.
How to plant a birch
A place for planting a birch has been chosen, the soil has been prepared (you can water this area well in advance). Now you need to purchase birch seedlings. You can go to a nursery and choose a suitable tree (age, thickness and height) or go to the nearest birch grove and dig up a young tree. If you brought a birch from the forest, then most likely this is a variety of classic warty birch, which reaches a height of up to 20 m.
You can do otherwise and not make a big shadow on your site, but choose a compact birch variety in the nursery. For example, from undersized varieties white-barreled beauty, the Tristis variety is popular. A beautiful "weeping" crown with a non-blackening trunk and sparse foliage is liked by many summer residents.
A few more species of dwarf birches are unpretentious and grow even in urban conditions: this is the weeping birch "Youngii". An adult tree grows only 8 m in height, the branches rush down, almost to the very ground. Birch resembles the shape of a dome, its trunk differs from other types of trees (varieties "Lanciniata", "Gracillis", "Crispa") with a bright white trunk, flaking almost all year round.
The basic rule for successful birch growth is proper fit seedling. It is necessary to choose the right day for the plant to take root and delight all year round. Therefore, it is impossible to plant a birch on a hot summer day. best period for planting - the second half of October or early spring. At this time, a lot of moisture remains in the soil, and the sun is no longer so burning. Optimum temperature for planting birch +10 o C.
A tree does not always take root after planting, even if you take a large, strong seedling. The secret of planting is that it is necessary to dig a tree with a clod of earth or buy seedlings in small containers in the nursery so that the root system does not remain for a long time. outdoors and did not lose moisture.
It is even allowed to plant a birch in winter time(seedling age - 6-7 years), when a lump of earth is slightly frozen, but this is only in rare cases. It is best to take care of planting in advance, so that by spring the seedling has time to take root and grow.
How to plant a birch
- after choosing a place, it is necessary to dig a shallow hole with a shovel so that a clod of earth fits and the roots are not damaged;
- top dressing is not required, but the birch will be grateful to you if you put several shovels of leafy earth, peat, sand and humus in equal proportions into the hole. You can add a little of any complex fertilizer, especially if the seedling was brought from the forest;
- insert a seedling with a clod of earth into the center of the hole and gently rub it with soil;
- compact the ground around so that the tree does not lean. If the seedling is thin, then you can make a support and tie a rope to the trunk. So the birch will not bend from the wind and will not fall.
Do not forget to water the birch after planting. It is necessary to provide moderate watering from time to time (in the dry summer period - plentiful) until the birch takes root. In the future, the tree does not need to be watered, a strong root system independently takes moisture and nutrition from the soil. By the way, within a radius of 3 meters, do not try to use the soil by planting even "hare" grass or flowers - the plants do not take root, as they die due to lack of moisture, but provide constant watering not all gardeners can.
Tree care after planting
A young tree immediately after planting needs shading. You can provide protection from the sun with any covering material: burlap, plant branches, nettles and even any weeds. If you use grass, then by lunchtime you need to cover the soil, and in the evening remove dry wood.
In the first year after planting, fertilizer can be applied to the ground. Suitable ammonium nitrate, mullein and urea. For 10 liters of water we take almost 2 kg of mullein, 20 g of urea and the same amount of saltpeter.
Is pruning necessary?
In an ordinary birch, the crown develops evenly, so it is not necessary to cut the branches unnecessarily. Some gardeners achieve good results by forming the crown of a tree, even an ordinary birch (it does not tolerate pruning). It is advisable to remove damaged and dry branches from the tree, and, if necessary, when the tree reaches a height large sizes, you can cut off extra branches. We do this only after the sap flow period has ended. Wounds on the tree must be treated with garden pitch.
Every year the value of birch increases, as it is possible to start harvesting raw materials that are beneficial to human health.
For preparation, you can use:
- Birch buds. The collection period is from the beginning of January to the end of March. To do this, the branches need to be cut, tied into small bundles and cleaned of debris;
- young leaves are plucked from the tree in May, when they have a sticky substance on them. The leaves must be dried in a ventilated and warm room. If the drying rules are not followed, then the quality of the leaves may be reduced;
- lovers of the Russian bath need to start harvesting brooms for the bath in July, just the leaves will have time to blossom and grow;
- harvesting of birch bark (a thin layer of bark) for the manufacture of tues (vessel for storing drinks), caskets and other products from birch bark begins in late spring - early summer. A sharp knife needs to be scraped off upper layer bark, and then dry the bark well;
- harvesting birch sap - at the beginning of spring, until the leaves had time to blossom on the trees. In order to get juice from a birch, you need to make an incision sharp knife, depth up to 2 cm. Make a small hole with a drill and insert a tube through which life-giving juice will flow into a vessel (any suitable container). After collecting the juice, the tube must be removed, and the hole closed with a wooden plug and covered with garden pitch. The collected juice is stored in a cold place in a glass container.
How to plant a birch, watch this video:
Birch is considered a symbol of our country. This is one of the most beautiful and unpretentious types of trees. That is why it is often chosen for planting in a summer cottage, or in a gazebo near the house. Despite the unpretentiousness, the planted seedling requires proper care at first. There are some features and rules when planting a tree in autumn or spring time of the year.
Important! Before planting, it should be noted that the tree can grow up to 8 m wide, taking into account the crown. Therefore, you need to correlate the distance between it and the nearest building.
The age of the seedling should not exceed seven years, otherwise it will not take root well in the new soil.
Birch: planting and care in the open field
It is better to plant in places where there is a slight shade, as the tree loves moisture. The presence of penumbra contributes to less evaporation and retention of moisture in the soil. At the same time, there must be adequate lighting.
After we have decided on the place, we make a recess in the soil so that the root neck of the plant is near the surface of the earth. If you do not take this moment into account, then the birch may die. An adult tree does not like falling asleep roots with soil.
Slightly acidic, loose humus is ideal as a soil. The use of fertilizers in the form of a mixture of earth with humus during planting is welcome. Evening time would be best for the tree to take up.
The seedling, in the first days after planting, should be covered with branches from the sun. The first 4 days the tree needs abundant watering. You need to make sure that the soil is constantly moist. In the following days, watering is done as needed.
Planting a birch in autumn
IN autumn period planting is carried out after other trees have begun to fall off. perfect time for planting is the end of September and October. The tree should have time to take root before the first frost and take root. Pay attention to the root of the seedling - it should not be bare or damaged. If you plant a birch in the fall, then in the spring it will be able to give new roots.
Landing rules in the fall
A hole is dug, meter by meter, a little loose earth is poured onto the bottom. Then the seedling is placed in a recess, filled with water and sprinkled with soil.
Important! Use a tie, as strong winds cause the seedling to swing, and the roots will not be able to take root in the ground.
During autumn planting using phosphate fertilizers. They are aimed at strengthening the root system and its development. It is not recommended to use manure or nitrogen fertilizers as a fertilizer.
Planting a birch in spring
If you decide to plant a tree in the spring, then it is important to do this in early period, until the moment on the trees.
For the roots of seedlings, a clay mash is made. To do this, they take clay, and dilute it in water to the consistency of not thick sour cream. The root is dipped in the resulting solution, and placed in a planting hole. Before this, pour a bucket of water into the hole.
Remember! The neck of the root must not be buried. Otherwise, the tree will die.
The pit is gradually filled up, trampling the soil a little. When the root of the seedling is in the ground and the soil around is compacted, the tree is tied to a peg and watered with several buckets of water. At first, you should monitor the friability of the soil near the trunk so that moisture can penetrate to the roots. In spring, the tree can be fed with nitrogen fertilizers.
Some types of birches and features of their care
There are over a hundred various kinds birches. Many species have general characteristics and have an average height of 15 to 20 m.
Common species that are most often chosen for landing on open field, are:
- white-trunked birch;
- drooping birch;
- paper birch;
- young birch;
- Japanese birch.
The listed species do not require special care and are unpretentious to the ground, able to take root on almost any moist soil. Seedlings should be purchased with a good earthen clod. Trees with a bare root system do not take root well.
Although birches can thrive in nutrient-poor soil, fertilizing the soil is recommended. After planting, you can do mulching. Not only does it look pretty, but it also helps regulate soil temperature.
Suitable for mulching:
- wood chips;
- crushed bark;
- peat;
- leaves;
- rubble.
Each type of mulch material has its own characteristics and can be used at the discretion of the gardener. For example, mulch from leaves or peat in the process of humus creates a special layer of soil that improves oxygen exchange and retains moisture. Crushed stone mulch does not have such properties, and is used only for aesthetic purposes.
For prevention in the fight against harmful insects (medvedka, may beetles, etc.) should be used special means such as fungicides and insecticides.
Diseases associated with fungal organisms are the first enemy of birches, which destroy birches from the inside. Drone fungi are the most dangerous and should be removed immediately.
Attention! This article will tell you about birch bud tincture.
crown pruning
Pruning the crown of a birch frees the tree from dried branches, improves aesthetic appearance tree. Pruning may be required in case of strong growth, when branches become a hindrance to nearby buildings. Also pruning is carried out in case of aging to stimulate the growth of new branches. The procedure should be carried out in late autumn or winter.
Since pruning is extremely difficult for a tree, it is better to entrust this matter to specialists who understand the characteristics of growth.
Safe circumcisions and proper care are the key to healthy growth and development of birch, which will delight with its beauty throughout the years.
Beautiful white-trunked, covered with a quivering green crown, looks very harmonious wherever it grows: near the house, in a grove, lonely on the outskirts. But in the description of this tree, the main thing is that birch is a kind of symbol of Russian expanses. It is one of the first after a harsh winter to be covered with emerald leaves, so more and more often this tree began to be remembered, if necessary, to arrange a personal plot or plant trees on a street, a free area near an apartment building.
Botanical characteristics
This tree belongs to the Birch family of the Birch genus. root system very branched, it needs enough nutrients and moisture. Therefore, gardeners are in no hurry to plant such a tree on their site, because then the chores with and if there is little moisture will be added. 
And some varieties are quite tall. In addition to its own, the plant is very useful, almost all of its components have healing properties: buds, leaves, catkins, birch bark, from which you can get with unique medicinal properties. Real is very useful for our health. Brooms made of birch are a real classic. The largest area of distribution of this beauty is the middle zone of Russia.
Did you know? Approximately one hundred and twenty species of birches are known. Almost all of them are accustomed to our climate. Tall species of these trees live longer than dwarf and shrub ones.
The genus Birch is divided into four groups: Albae (with snow-white bark, the height does not exceed fifteen meters); nanae(); Costata (decorative species with multi-colored colors); Acuminatae (tall trees with large leaves).
Application in landscape design
Thanks to the crown, green in spring and summer and bright yellow in autumn, on a snow-white trunk with contrasting black spots, the birch looks charming. Therefore, it is increasingly used in the design. For this purpose, they often plant stunted trees: or . decorative types have bark of white, pink, cherry, yellow and black flowers. These trees look great. In the spring, charming “earrings” and delicate sticky leaves with a light green tint appear on these beauties, in the summer they are completely covered with thick emerald foliage, and in the fall the golden crown frames the snow-white or multi-colored bark. They also experiment with tree shapes by cutting branches, but gardeners need to know how to properly prune a birch. In addition, this tree always attracts birds, and for those who love their morning singing, no the best option for decorating your site or planting on the street near the house.
How to choose seedlings when buying
Birches are easily sown with the help of their "earrings", so seedlings can also be dug up in the forest. But then it will be an ordinary birch. Is it possible to purchase certain kind, depending on design ideas and needs. All varieties of ornamental plants are different extraordinary color bark and foliage. So they need to be bought only for the purpose of registration of the site. 
Tall species live much longer than other species, but they are less resistant to gusts of wind and prone to self-seeding. But if it is necessary to dry a certain place on a personal plot, then the choice for planting such a tree is fully justified. A seedling for planting should be very young, mature trees almost do not take root when transplanted, the roots are significantly damaged in most cases. The main feature that helps a seedling to successfully take root in a new place is that it should be sold with a root located in a large clod of earth.
Location selection
Birch is not particularly whimsical, it can grow in almost any conditions. But she needs enough light and moisture, she does not like too "clogged" soil.
Important!Birch has insufficient stability in strong gusts of wind.
All these factors must be considered when choosing a place for planting these representatives of the flora. The place must be well lit good level humidity, but without stagnation dangerous for the development of these plants spring waters, and be at a sufficient distance from buildings and fences in case of natural disasters, and so as not to cause unnecessary inconvenience to neighbors. 
The best option would be planting in soil that is as similar in composition as possible to the one in which the tree grew. And it can grow in any soil - both in loam and in peat land. Some species are more suitable for light soils. The reaction of the soil can also be varied: neutral, and even alkaline.
Preparatory work before boarding
Before planting, first of all, it is necessary to decide on the time when to plant a birch. Early spring is quite suitable for planting, in which case the roots of the seedling should be in a large clod of earth, and in no case should its age exceed three years. It is also allowed to plant a birch at the age of seven in winter along with a frozen clod of earth. Seeds, by the way, can be sown both in autumn and in spring. According to experienced gardeners, best time for planting birch - in the fall.
Did you know? A long-standing riddle speaks well about the benefits of birch: “There is a tree, the color is green. This tree has four uses. The first benefit is health for the sick. The second is light from darkness. Third - decrepit healing. And the fourth is a well for people.
Before starting the planting process, it is also necessary to assess the condition of the soil, and although birch is not very demanding on it, it does not hurt to prepare. It may be different, but leafy land - best option. You also need to stock up enough water.
Step-by-step instructions for planting seedlings
More and more people are interested in how to properly plant a birch on the site. The scheme of its landing is practically no different from the order of landing fruit trees. First, we dig a hole large enough to accommodate all the roots. We put a tree in it, water the roots. Then we fill the hole with earth above the level of the root collar, do not forget to add. After we water the covered earth around the trunk. It can be humus, dry earth in order to preserve moisture. At first, newly planted trees are necessary for better survival. If several trees are planted, then the distance between them should be at least four meters.
how fast it grows
One of the main features of these trees is their relatively fast growth. Two or three years after planting, you can see an almost adult slender beauty.
Important! One of the main disadvantages in growing birch is its rapid reproduction. In autumn, shoots of young birches, densely sown after flowering, become noticeable in the growing area. If you do not take care of their removal, then after a while the personal plot can become a grove.
Plants do not require special care. But still, certain factors that make them feel better do exist.
Watering
Young trees especially need regular and frequent watering. But as soon as they grow and strengthen, this can be done less and less, and over time, birches do not need watering at all. After planting, young seedlings can be shaded with branches, plants, covering material, which is removed in the evening.
top dressing
Feeding a birch, like any other plant, will never be superfluous. Especially in the first years after planting, young trees need additional fertilizers. As a top dressing, you can use a mixture of mullein up to one kilogram, ten to fifteen grams and fifteen grams. Other types of fertilizer are also suitable.