What types of fruit trees. Fruit trees and shrubs for the garden. Recognized leader - coniferous trees

By purchasing fruit trees and shrubs for a garden plot, its owner lays the foundation for truly strategic plantings. For many years to come, they determine the appearance of the territory adjacent to the house, and with proper care, they become the main source of fruit crops.

What fruit and berry crops are most often of interest to gardeners? How to arrange the plants you like on the site and find the right neighborhood for them?

Fruit trees and shrubs: photos and names of popular crops

Due to the length of the country, which is spread over several natural zones at once, it is almost impossible to designate a single list of trees and shrubs. And yet there are species for which gardeners are sure to try to find a suitable place. Photos and names of these fruit trees and shrubs are well known even to those who are far from gardening.

Among fruit trees, the undisputed leaders are different varieties and maturity dates. Next come pears and the most common stone fruits: cherries and plums.

Fruit and berry bushes, found almost everywhere, include raspberries, various types of currants, gooseberries. Today is actively gaining popularity:

healing sea buckthorn;
felt cherry;
early .

Blackberries are moving into the orchard, more and more often on the plots you can find chokeberry, shadberry and other crops, which some time ago were perceived as secondary or planted only for landscaping.

The list of shrubs for the garden is much wider than the above list of trees. This is not surprising. A fruit garden exclusively from trees will give the first harvest no earlier than in 5–7 years, and shrubs are ready to please the gardener already in the second or third year after planting.

An additional advantage of shrubs is their relatively small size and less maintenance effort. However, no one will be able to replace a currant pear. Therefore, without trees, the garden will never be complete.

It is believed that in the northern regions, gardeners are limited in their choice by the harsh climate, but the farther south, the more diverse the population of garden plots.

Indeed, starting from the Central Black Earth region, it is not uncommon in the ranks of fruit and berry crops:

apricot;
cherry plum;
various types of nuts;
sweet cherry and its hybrid with cherry.

The list of shrubs is replenished with yoshta, dogwood and perennial fruit-bearing vines.

But if until recently, gardeners in the middle lane and more northern regions were forced to be content with a very modest list of fruit and berry crops, today things are changing radically.

Nurseries have long and successfully offered fruit trees and shrubs for the Moscow region that were not previously available in the Non-Black Earth Region. The boundaries of the distribution of southern crops have seriously shifted to the north, not only due to climate change, but also due to the directed work of breeders.

It is on this bait that inexperienced gardeners come across, who want, by all means, to get a "Garden of Eden" in a limited area. You can understand them! But it is not enough to purchase seedlings, it is important to plant and grow them correctly, taking into account all the needs of plants and the characteristics of the territory.

Rules for the placement of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden

Young seedlings planted in the garden grow year after year. A few years later, when the time comes for fruiting, the crowns grow by 1.5–2 meters. And mature trees take up even more space.

It is not enough to choose the most winter-hardy, productive varieties; it is necessary to accurately plan the future orchard.

It is better to do this on a piece of paper, based on measurements of the distances from the landing zone to the nearest buildings, roads, fences of neighboring properties. When planting fruit trees and shrubs in a garden plot, it is necessary to take into account not only the aesthetic preferences of the owner, but also the mandatory norms. They regulate the distances from large plants to residential and outbuildings, transport routes, communications and the boundary line passing between the sections.

So, for example, from an apple or pear tree to a residential building or garage there should be at least 3.5–4 meters. This distance is explained by the safety of the operation of the building and the need for constant care for a large horticultural crop. For shrubs, the distance is less and is one and a half meters, which makes it possible:

unhindered maintenance of walls, windows and other structures and communications;
do not be afraid of excessive moisture in close contact with vegetation;
take care of fruit and berry crops, harvest, cut and replant them.

In addition to the mandatory, common sense and safety restrictions, there are other rules that should be considered when planning an orchard.

It is extremely important to adhere to the distances between seedlings in the rows, as well as to take into account the deadline for growing a particular crop in one place.

Useful and harmful neighborhood of fruit trees and shrubs in the garden

Of considerable importance for the future of planting is knowledge of the needs of individual plant species and their characteristics:

Some cultures prefer to grow in the sun, others easily adapt to the shade.
For some fruit trees and shrubs in the garden plot, an open, windswept place is suitable, and the other will have to find shelter.
The demands of plants for fertility and watering vary.

It is unlikely that on a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe site it will be possible to satisfy all the needs of green pets. In a small country garden, inevitably, some shrubs end up under the crowns of growing trees. So that such a neighborhood does not affect the yield, the meta for planting shade-loving fruit trees and shrubs in the garden is determined in advance.

Such crops include blackcurrant, honeysuckle, undersized, berry bushes such as cranberries, blueberries and lingonberries. If the shady corner of the garden is well ventilated, the viburnum will settle in well here. Blackberries and raspberries are grown in partial shade.

Gardeners have long noticed that even in comfortable conditions garden plants sometimes refuse to bear fruit in full force, look oppressed and grow poorly. It turns out that the reason for this behavior is an incorrectly chosen neighborhood. As in nature, trees, shrubs and herbaceous crops form close communities in the orchard. The given options for a successful and dangerous neighborhood of fruit trees and shrubs in the table will help create best conditions for each species and get the most out of it.

You can arrange plantings so that closely related plants are nearby. Such a solution will be extremely useful, for example, for cherries and petioles, many varieties of which are self-fertile, and they need a pollinator to produce a crop. A similar picture is observed in the cultivation of sea buckthorn. True, here there must be one male bush for several female plants.

In addition, for sea buckthorn, which readily reproduces by root layers, blackberries and raspberries, it is better to find a place away from the rest of the garden plantings, otherwise the powerful shoots of these crops will master half of the garden in a year.

Fruit trees and berry bushes - video

What summer resident does not dream of having such a garden that there are fruits and berries all year round, and minimal care - without frequent pruning, fertilizing, spraying and watering?

To get such an unpretentious garden, you need, first of all, to solve several theoretical problems on the choice of crops, and then move on to practical implementation: plant and ... take care of the garden, landscape, recreation area. And along the way - to harvest the most unpretentious, but very tasty and healthy horticultural crops.

Compiling this list, we were guided by the words of old and experienced gardeners who say: in order to have time in the country for relaxation, you first need to plant such fruit and berry crops that will not require constant care and your attention.

General approaches to creating a garden of unpretentious fruit crops

First of all, you need to make a list and select on the market or in specialized firms seedlings of perennial undemanding crops of well-known and, importantly, well-established varieties in your area.

Easy-care varieties of fruit and berry crops should be:

zoned, resistant to the weather vagaries of the region, region (temperature changes, spring frosts, fog, etc.),
cold-resistant, so as not to bother with their shelter for the winter and opening in the spring every year, if you live in the northern regions,
be distinguished by longevity, so as not to bother yourself with frequent plantings of new crops,
not requiring many years of crown formation,
not requiring annual pruning and garter to supports.

The most unpretentious, but very useful and necessary crops for the garden without the hassle

from fruit trees the most unpretentious are: cherry plum, ranetka apple tree, walnut (walnut, Manchurian, black, heart-shaped, hazel, etc.).

From bush- irga, dogwood and sea buckthorn, which can be formed by trees or left in the form of tall shrubs.

The following berries practically do not require care and form fairly high environmentally friendly crops: raspberries, black chokeberry, blackberries, sea buckthorn, shadberry.

Thus, a large part of the garden and berry, consisting of the necessary, but unpretentious plants, will free up time for rest and care for more capricious crops and exotics. Of course, the garden for the “lazy” also requires care, but most of it, at the initial stage, when laying it.

Let's take a closer look at fruit crops that require minimal care.

The Ranetka apple tree is a small-fruited apple variety obtained by crossing the Siberian berry apple tree with European varieties and its hybrids. Ranetka is sometimes called a ranet tree.

For a certain period of time, in the pursuit of exotics and fashionable varieties of fruit trees, the ranet tree was undeservedly forgotten. Today, interest in him has returned and more and more summer residents are growing ranetki in their garden. Ranetki are especially popular in cold regions. Far East, in the Urals, in Krasnoyarsk, in Altai, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Leningrad region.

In the regions of the European part of the Russian Federation, the CIS and others, acquaintance with the lovely "inch" is just beginning, although today breeders have introduced more than 100 varieties and hybrids into the culture.

Ranetki are leading among unpretentious garden crops in their attitude to winter weather disasters, low temperatures, and care.

Ranetki features

The main feature that distinguishes the ranet apple tree in the family is small fruit (the fruit has a mass of 10-15 g). Through the efforts of breeders, the “ranetka” variety was obtained by crossing the Siberian berry apple tree (the second name is the berry apple tree) or its hybrids with European large-fruited varieties or hybrids (Chinese).

The best qualities of the wild Siberian apple tree, which can withstand frosts down to -55°C, were transferred to Ranetka and assigned to the rest of the varieties and hybrids.

The varieties of ranetki obtained as a result of hybridization have high winter hardiness and tolerate frosts of -45 ..-47 ° С. When breeding, they are distinguished by precociousness, annual high yield resistance to diseases and pests. And also: an unusual taste of ranetki jams, jams, dried lozenges, juices, almost no summer worries. Ranetka is a wonderful unpretentious culture and garden decoration!

Useful properties and use of ranetok

Ranetki are exceptionally rich in biologically active substances necessary for a person during the long northern cold months. The content of solids is almost 24%, glucose and fructose - 12%, up to 2% of pectin substances that contribute to the gelling of fruit juices. Pectins enhance the excretion of heavy metals from the human body, stop bleeding, accelerate the healing of stomach ulcers, and have antimicrobial properties.

The fruits of ranetki are used in fresh and for processing. From whole fruits of ranet trees, excellent jams, compotes, and dried fruits are obtained. Ranetki are used as rootstocks when obtaining low-stem crops.

Landing ranetki

When planting a seedling, a runetki fertilizer can not be applied, but it is necessary to provide sufficient area for growth and development. The distance between vigorous varieties of ranetok is determined by an area of 3.5-4x3.5-4 m and even more. A smaller area, within 3x2 m, is occupied by varieties on dwarf rootstocks.

Ranetka care

During the growing season, ranetki practically do not require care. In prolonged dry weather, you can water and (if desired) fertilize with 30-50 g nitrophoska / tree.

Any location for a ranetka is suitable, even with shading.

Ranetki propagation is carried out by grafted seedlings.

Varieties of ranetok for summer cottage cultivation

When choosing ranetki varieties, pay attention to Siberian souvenir, Zolotodolinsky, Kulunda, Isaev's memory. Ranetki varieties are distinguished by high winter hardiness. yellow longleg, Tuvinka, Siberian Bagryanka, Gentle Transbaikal, Dobrynya, Ranetka Canning, Titovka hybrid.

At your disposal are more than 100 varieties of ranetki, which are distinguished by exceptionally high winter hardiness.

2. Cherry plum

Cherry plum, or Plum splayed, is one of the initial forms when the home plum appears.

Transcaucasia and Front (South-West) Asia are considered to be the birthplace of wild cherry plum. Domestication of cherry plum began around X-XIII centuries. Over time, the distribution area reached the countries of Western Europe and Asia. At present, cherry plum is cultivated in regions with a suitable climate of Malaya and Central Asia, in the Baltic States, Belarus, Moldova, Primorye, Ukraine.

Cherry plums are successfully grown in gardens and dachas in the northern regions of Asian Russia. Cherry plum is practically not damaged during prolonged cold weather in the Moscow region, the Central and North-Western regions of the Russian Federation and the countries of the European part of the continent.

In order to guarantee the harvest of a ripe fruit crop, they mainly grow early varieties of cherry plum.

Cherry plum features

Cherry plum is one of the ancestors of the domestic plum. It differs from real plums in smaller fruits and high acidity. For this feature, cherry plum, for example, is used instead of vinegar for winter harvesting. The culture is very unpretentious and quickly takes root in any conditions. It doesn't care about the type of soil. The culture is drought- and frost-resistant. Varieties obtained from crossing cherry plum with thorns have advanced culture to the northern regions of not only Russia, but also European countries, where zoned varieties can withstand frosts down to -32..-36°C without loss.

Useful properties and use of cherry plum

Cherry plum is a fruit crop with a high content of sugars, organic acids, carotene, and vitamins in fruits. It is used as a fresh product and for canning in the form of compotes, juices, marmalade, jelly, marshmallows, marmalade and even slivyanka (an alcoholic drink).

Cherry plum seedlings from seeds are used as a stock for apricot, peach, and varietal plum.

Planting cherry plum

Certain troubles are caused only by planting cherry plum seedlings. Soils suitable for cherry plum are different, but neutral in pH. That's why acidic soils neutralized with chalk, and gypsum is added to alkaline during planting.

Cherry plum roots do not tolerate flooding, therefore better seedlings place on a hill, and at a close occurrence groundwater arrange good drainage or land on an artificial hill. When planting, the root neck of the cherry plum should be located above the soil level. IN landing pit pour up to 2 buckets of water, and planting is mulched with a thick layer of straw, high-moor peat, compost, humus, and fine cutting of dry herbs.

Cherry plum care

Cherry plum forms sufficient yields even without care. The culture is practically not damaged by pests, it rarely gets sick. In drought, cherry plum does not drop the ovary.

Naturally, the usual work with cherry plum during the warm season will still need to be done (destroy weeds, water during a long drought, carry out sanitary pruning, do not forget to harvest on time, etc.).

For better pollination in the garden, it is better to plant 2-3 trees of different varieties of cherry plum. In order not to take up extra space for the garden, it is more practical to choose varieties on a dwarf stock.

Cherry plum is propagated by seeds, its seedlings are used as rootstocks, and also by grafting, like other horticultural crops. It is easy to propagate by layering.

Varieties of cherry plum for growing in the country

Cultivated varieties created by breeders make it possible to grow cherry plum in regions with a fairly cold climate. Breeding techniques have significantly improved the quality of the fruit, but its characteristic sweet and sour taste has not yet been removed.

Early varieties of cherry plum: marquee, Gold of the Scythians, Gift to St. Petersburg, Nesmeyana, Monomakh etc. The fruits ripen in the third decade of July - the first decade of August.

Medium varieties of cherry plum: Sarmatka, apricot, Kuban comet, peach, Carmine Zhukova, Chuk and others. Ripens in the first half of August.

Late varieties of cherry plum: Cleopatra, Huck, Beauty of the Oryol region. The fruits ripen in the third decade of August - the first half of September. Note! In cool summer conditions, these varieties do not always have time to ripen.

Of the proposed varieties of cherry plum, they have increased winter hardiness, low growth (2.5-3.0 m), easy (and not very easy) separation of the stone from the pulp in the following: Cleopatra, Kuban Comet, Zlato Scythov. They withstand the climate of central Russia well.

The cherry plum variety Kubanskaya Kometa is self-fertile, does not require pollinators, it is zoned for the North-Western and Central Black Earth regions.

3. Irga

Irga or Korinka, like the apple tree and cherry plum, belongs to the pink family. As a fruit plant, irga has been known in Europe since the 16th century. At first, irgu was cultivated in England, then in Holland. The berries were used to make wine reminiscent of Cahors.

The distribution area of the shadberry extends over all regions of Western Europe. With success, irga is grown by amateur gardeners in Russia, Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine.

In Russia, the round-leaved irga is mainly distributed, which initially grew in the Crimea and the Caucasus, and then began to quickly gain popularity in the southern, central and northern regions of the Russian Federation almost everywhere except the Arctic.

Easily tolerates frosts of -40..-50°C, and during the flowering of shadberry, short frosts of -5..-7°C do not harm the flowers at all.

Irgi features

Irga refers to unpretentious garden crops. It easily tolerates drought and frost, does not require watering, is not affected by pests and diseases, annually forms high yields of sweet to cloying fruits.

The unpretentiousness of the irgi is associated with its biological characteristics. The root system of the irgi occupies an area in the soil much larger than above-ground part and adequately provides the plant with moisture and nutrients. Irga is responsive to fertilizing and watering, but she can take care of herself on her own.

Irga easily tolerates shearing, shading, high air pollution, strong wind, and can be used as a living fence of the site. Irga is distinguished by its longevity (bushes live up to 70 years), and rapid growth.

Useful properties and application of irgi

Irga is distinguished by a high content of sugars in fruits (up to 12%), organic acids, including ascorbic acid - up to 40%, vitamins. The nutritional and medicinal value of culture determined its location in the hierarchy useful berries nicknames. Decoctions and tinctures from shadberry leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, both fresh and dried, have a high therapeutic effect. Home medicines increase the elasticity of blood vessels, prevent varicose veins, and lower blood pressure. Decoctions are used for sore throats, disorders and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Juices, jelly, jams, compotes, wine are prepared from berries of shadberry, they are consumed fresh in summer.

Landing irgi

Irga belongs to early crops, and after planting in a permanent place, it forms a crop for 3-4 years. Best time planting irgi - autumn. Planting and care are the same as for other fruit-bearing shrubs.

Irgi breeding

Irgu is propagated by seed and vegetative methods. Seedlings obtained from seeds are used as dwarf rootstocks for pears and apple trees.

Vegetatively, irgu is propagated by root growth, division of the bush, cuttings (green cuttings are used).

Irgi varieties for growing in the country

For regions with severe frosts, varieties of shadberry of Canadian selection are suitable, which can withstand temperatures down to -45 ° C: Regent, Altaglow, pembina, Slate, Strata, parkhill. In varieties of irgi bluemun And bluesun in separate, especially cold winters with prolonged frosts of -37 ..-38 ° C, the tips of the shoots freeze slightly, which quickly recover after pruning.

In the southern regions, the conditions of central and central Russia and other regions of the CIS with the same climate, varieties of irgi grow and bear fruit magnificently bluesun, pembina, mendan, Slate, bluemun, Surprise. Some gardeners successfully grow these varieties of shadberry and to the north.

4. Dogwood

Dogwood in the wild is common in the Crimea, Transcarpathia, Moldova, and the Caucasus. Translated into Russian, dogwood means "red" for scarlet color fruits rich in anthocyanins.

The homeland of dogwood is Western Asia, where, in the wild, shrubs occupy significant areas of undergrowth and edges of mountain forests. The onset of very early flowering is typical for dogwood plants - March-April, as soon as daytime temperatures exceed +6 .. + 10 ° С. The growing season of dogwood is long - up to 120 days or more.

Currently, the plant is cultivated in Asia Minor, South and Eastern Europe, France, Italy, Japan, China, North America.

Dogwood occupies significant areas in Ukraine and Moldova. It occurs in many regions of Russia with an average winter temperature in the range of -30 ..-35 ° C, distributed in the middle zone of the European and Asian parts of Russia.

dogwood features

Dogwood in natural conditions formed by a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub. Maintenance-free shrubs and dogwood trees grow in one place for up to 100 years. Drought tolerant and does not require watering even during long dry periods. Diseases and pests do not affect dogwood.

Very early flowering is a clear decoration in places where unpretentious dogwood thickets are distributed, which can withstand frosts down to -30 ..-35 ° С. Dogwood - a good honey plant that does not require complex care, will be a clear help for beekeeping lovers. When the above-ground mass freezes, the dogwood quickly restores the crown from the root shoots.

The fruits of all types of dogwood - drupes, ripening from August to October, have a tart, astringent, sweet and sour taste with a pleasant refreshing aroma. The beauty and elegance of autumn colors dogwood shrubs attract landscape designers who use culture in solitary plantings, hedges.

Useful properties of dogwood

According to the composition of useful substances, especially vitamins, dogwood is superior to mountain ash, lemon and gooseberry. In folk medicine, dogwood fruits and leaves are used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, colds, inflammation of hemorrhoidal cones. Normalize blood pressure, prevent sclerosis. Good phytoncide. Dogwood is also widely used in the food industry.

Dogwood planting and care

Planting and care are common, as for all shrub crops. Given that root system young plants are shallow (up to 40-50 cm), in the first years the dogwood needs maintenance watering. With age, the need for them disappears.

Dogwood successfully tolerates transplants. Fruiting begins at 5-6 years. To speed it up, the conditions for providing nutrients and moisture are tightened in the second half of the growing season.

dogwood breeding

Dogwood is propagated by seeds, root offspring, grafting, cuttings, layering. With seed propagation, the first crop is formed for 5-6 years and is mainly used to obtain a large amount of planting material for landscaping. At vegetative propagation the first crop of dogwood is harvested for 2-3 years.

Dogwood varieties for growing in the country

For cultivation in the country, dogwood varieties have been bred that form large fruits, and of different colors (multi-color, white, blue, blue-violet, bright red).

Vladimirsky(fruits are red, black-red),
Vydubetsky(fruits are dark red oval-pear-shaped),
Grenadier(fruits are red-black oval-cylindrical),
Evgenia, Elena(fruits are bright red, almost black, oval-shaped),
Coral(fruits are pink, yellow, pink-orange, red, wide round),
Alba(fruits are white)
Nikolka(very early, red-black fruits),
Gentle(fruits are yellow, pear-shaped)

and others.

5. Sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn under natural conditions is represented by a dioecious shrub or trees of medium height. Sea buckthorn belongs to plants whose medicinal properties used by healers in ancient Greece.

Sea buckthorn occupies vast areas in Western and Central Asia, Mongolia, China, Pakistan and India, the Caucasus, and Europe. In Russia, it grows in the European part; in the Asian part, its thickets occupy significant areas in the Western and Eastern Siberia, in Altai. A lot of sea buckthorn in the North Caucasus. Sea buckthorn grows mainly on floodplain soils of rivers and along the shores of lakes, where there is enough moisture and sun. Use the fruits of sea buckthorn as a food product, medicinal and livestock feed.

Features of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is able to endure frosts down to -45°C, which makes it possible to grow it in the coldest regions. It has become widespread due to the high value of the fruits from which sea buckthorn oil is obtained, which is used for medicinal purposes.

Sea buckthorn blooms in May, the fruits ripen in August - September. Refers to early. The first crop can be harvested already in the 3rd year of growth and development.

Useful properties and use of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a multivitamin culture with a high content of vitamins, minerals, sugars, organic acids, tannins, and fatty oils.

Sea buckthorn fatty oils with unsaturated and saturated fatty acids are used for medicinal purposes in the official pharmacopoeia. From the leaves and bark of sea buckthorn, decoctions and infusions are prepared, which are used in folk medicine to treat many diseases.

Jelly, juices, homemade liqueurs are prepared from the fruits. Leaves and young shoots of sea buckthorn are used for tanning and dyeing leather, as well as fabrics in yellow and black. The powerful root system of sea buckthorn fixes ravine slopes, landslides, and road slopes well.

Sea buckthorn is a very unpretentious culture, and its only disadvantage is the rapid reproduction of root offspring.

Planting and caring for sea buckthorn

Seedlings and seedlings of sea buckthorn are usually planted in spring or autumn, depending on the climatic conditions of the region. The rest of the care is normal, as for shadberry, dogwood and other shrubs.

Sea buckthorn breeding

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, which must necessarily undergo stratification, and vegetatively - by root shoots, cuttings.

Varieties of sea buckthorn for growing in the country.

Breeders have bred more than 40 varieties of sea buckthorn, including large-fruited ones: openwork, pearl, Augustine. Given that sea buckthorn is a dioecious crop, male pollinating varieties have been bred Dwarf And Alley.

For regions with unfavorable conditions (long-term frosts above -38..-40°C), we can recommend sea buckthorn varieties: Darling, Nugget, Inya, Altai, Giant.

For the middle lane - Elizabeth, orange, Fragrant.

6. Raspberry

Raspberries can also be attributed to unpretentious garden crops. With minimal care (planted, watered, harvested, cut off in the fall), this shrub continues to please not very cheerful owners. In the wild, raspberries grow everywhere from the southern outskirts of the European part of the CIS and Western countries to cold Siberia in Eurasia.

Raspberry belongs to crops with a broken distribution area, which historically led to different types plants of this family. But each type of raspberry, having botanical differences, in general, gives a lot of pleasure as a valuable product and an indispensable medicine for colds.

In natural nature, raspberry occupies damp shady places, forest edges, ravines, but still prefers fertile soils. In dachas, raspberries can be placed in an inconvenient place, where, having fit into the general landscape, for many years it will supply the owners with tasty and healthy berries.

Raspberry Features

Unlike frost-resistant crops, raspberries do not tolerate severe frosts, love snow shelters, but are quickly restored by root offspring. Raspberries are good for unpretentiousness in care and form crops, being generally abandoned.

Useful properties and application of raspberries

Raspberries are widely used in folk medicine for all colds. But official medicine recommends using only ordinary raspberries for the preparation of medicinal decoctions and tinctures. Its varieties should be bred in your rational garden.

Raspberry fruits and leaves are rich in organic acids, a wide range of vitamins and minerals, sugars. They are used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, antimicrobial agent. A decoction of the roots is a good anti-allergic agent. A decoction of flowers is drunk for neuroses.

Fresh, frozen and dry raspberries are widely used in cooking. Drinks, jams, juices, wine are prepared from fresh berries.

Raspberry care

The most unpleasant property of raspberry bushes is crawling to new habitats. Over time, raspberries can take up the entire small area.

Experienced gardeners recommend planting raspberries in trenches, enclosing the latter with waste slate and other materials to the depth of the bulk of the roots. Regulate raspberry growth in trenches autumn pruning. Another tip: plant raspberries with garlic, then the garden bed will be freed for other crops, and raspberries prefer not to grow beyond garlic.

During the growing season (especially in dry weather) raspberries need to be watered, but during the hot summer it is still a pleasant concern.

In the summer cottage, it is best to propagate raspberries by dividing the bush and root offspring.

Raspberry varieties for growing in the country

Early varieties of raspberries: early dawn, abundant, Giant, Cascade, Michurinskaya. Variety Yellow Giant or simply Giant- the best for the conditions of the North-West regions. Very convenient for an unpretentious garden is a variety of early raspberries. Mirage. Fruits all summer. It practically does not react to adverse weather conditions. All care is spring pruning by 15-25 cm and loosening the bushes, which can be combined with top dressing.

Medium raspberries: Arbat, Pride of Russia, Cleopatra, Kirzhach, Maroseyka, Siberian girl, Golden Giant yellow-fruited.

Late raspberry varieties: Samara dense, Companion, Peresvet, Stolichnaya, Mirage. These varieties are great for winter harvesting.

Experienced gardeners often do not choose varieties by maturity, but use varieties remontant raspberry, which manages to provide a harvest for everyone. For gardeners who prefer minimal crop care, the following remontant varieties can be considered a priority - Bryansk wonder, Hercules, apricot, Atlant, Golden autumn, ruby necklace, Indian summer, Eurasia, Polka.

Most suitable variety raspberries for all regions, including the Moscow region, where the climate can change dramatically during the year, is Hercules. The variety multiplies rapidly, resistant to fungal and bacterial diseases. Not picky about environmental conditions and care during the growing season. Pay attention to the raspberry variety Polka. Fruiting from July to November. Suitable for all regions, including the northern ones.

7. Aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry, or chokeberry is distinguished by exceptional unpretentiousness. Aronia is one of the few horticultural crops that has anti-allergic properties and is widely used not only in folk, but also in official medicine.

Aronia chokeberry is considered the homeland eastern part North America. Aronia came from America to Europe in the 18th century, and then found its niche in the lands of Russia. The founder of northern gardening I.V. Michurin recommended chokeberry for northern fruit growing.

Aronia chokeberry successfully grows and bears fruit in all regions with suitable climatic and soil conditions. The high winter hardiness of chokeberry contributed to the successful growth not only in the southern, but also in the more northern regions of Eastern and Western Siberia, in the Urals, near St. Petersburg.

Features of aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry belongs to the group of low trees or shrubs (2-4 m tall). At a young age, the culture has a compact crown. With age, the crown becomes spreading, which should be considered when planting.

For rational gardens, chokeberry is an indispensable crop. It is distinguished by rapid growth, precocity, an exceptionally high content of nutrients for the human body. When choosing a place for planting chokeberry, you need to take into account that it does not tolerate saline and waterlogged soils, rocky soils. Grows normally on sandy soils, not enough fertile soils and acid. Groundwater is not a hindrance for planting, as the roots of chokeberry go deep into the soil by 0.5-0.7 m. It is undemanding to care.

Aronia chokeberry blooms from the second half of May to mid-June. Ripens in August, September depending on the growing region. Ripe fruits are black in color with a tart taste, slightly astringent with a pleasant sourness. To form a high yield, chokeberry needs good lighting (this must be taken into account when choosing a planting site).

By autumn, chokeberry leaves acquire red-purple and very elegant tones. Landscape designers classify culture as decorative and use it in the decoration of parks and other places of public recreation.

Useful properties and application of aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry fruits include a huge list of useful substances, including vitamins of groups B, PP, E, which contribute to the rejuvenation of the body. The high content of microelements, pectins, tannins, sugars, organic acids, sorbitol (cyclic alcohols) strengthens blood vessels, improves the formation and outflow of bile, removes heavy metals from the body, is used as an antiallergic agent, helps with measles, scarlet fever and other diseases. Preparations from the fruits of aronia chokeberry are used for capillary toxicosis, allergic vasculitis, eczema. Jam, jam, candied fruits, wine, compotes, juices are prepared from the fruits of chokeberry.

Planting aronia chokeberry

Planting seedlings and grafted seedlings of chokeberry in a permanent place can be carried out in spring before bud break and in autumn, depending on the region. The planting process and preparatory work are the same as for other fruit crops.

Aronia Care

Young plants need watering and loosening, responsive to top dressing. In the absence of care, they continue to grow and multiply normally.

Aronia chokeberry has one unpleasant drawback: it needs annual destruction of root suckers Otherwise, it can capture large areas.

Reproduction of aronia chokeberry

Aronia refers to self-pollinated crops. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Seeds need stratification before sowing, so they are sown in the fall, embedding 1.0-1.5 cm into the soil. Seedlings appear in May. Aronia chokeberry is propagated by seeds as an ornamental crop to obtain a large amount of planting material.

For reproduction in the country, layering, dividing the bush, cuttings, and vaccinations are used, which ensure the precocity of the culture. Already in the 3rd year, you can take the first test crop of chokeberry. Aronia chokeberry fruits are harvested in their biological ripeness.

Aronia chokeberry varieties for growing in the country

Breeders from many foreign countries are working on the selection of aronia chokeberry. They offer varieties with high quality indicators: viking, aron, Hakkiya, Dabrowice, Kutna and others.

Of the varieties bred by Russian breeders, the most famous variety Aronia Michurina, which is named after the creator.

Breeders have proposed varieties of chokeberry that have a hybrid origin, which are successfully grown in the gardens of the southern and northern regions - Nero, black-eyed, Rubina, Altai Large-fruited, Grandiolia, estland etc. It should be noted that outwardly all varieties are extremely similar and differ mainly in taste.

Blackberry is known in Russia under two names: gray blackberry and bushy blackberry (or common). The bluish blackberry is also called dewberry or sundew, and bushy - kumanika.

About 200 species of blackberries occupy vast areas in Eurasia and North America, which is considered the birthplace of the origin of this crop. 52 species are distributed in the Russian Federation. Abundant thickets of wild blackberries are found in the Caucasus, in the Urals, in Altai. The sweet berries and vegetative parts of blackberries have long been used by humans for fresh eating and cooking. medicinal drinks. But only in the 19th century did the first varieties appear for the cultivation of blackberries cultivated as an agricultural crop.

Blackberry Features

Blackberry belongs to the group of shrub plants with a height of 1.0 to 3.0 meters. Plants are unpretentious to care and in any conditions form fragrant fruit crops. Blackberry fruits, depending on the variety, have a different color: yellow, black, red. The fruits are shiny or slightly bluish.

The underground part of the blackberry consists of the main rhizome and adventitious roots, extending into the depth of the soil by 0.5-1.5 meters. The roots occupy an area around the bush up to 2-3 meters, form a dense root growth. Blackberry is a drought-resistant plant, thanks to its roots that penetrate deep into the soil.

Cultivated varieties allow growing blackberries in the middle zone and beyond at winter temperatures down to -25..-28°C.

According to the formation of the above-ground mass, blackberries are divided into 2 types: creeping (dewberry) and upright (bramble). In creeping blackberries, the fruits are larger and more juicy than in erect ones. Its shoots are bent by an arc and, having reached the soil, take root with the tops. Kumaniki do not have this feature. Perennial wood in blackberries does not form and, after fruiting, its stems die off. They are cut in the fall. This feature allows you to grow blackberries without winter shelters, even in regions with severe frosts.

Useful properties of blackberries

The fruits of blackberries contain vitamins of group "B", vitamins "P", "C", "E", provitamin "A", as well as a hematopoietic complex of microelements (molybdenum, tungsten, copper, manganese). Recommended for use in anemia. The leaves contain flavonoids and inositol. The content of useful substances in the fruits, flowers and leaves of blackberries is used in the treatment of anemia, colds, to improve memory, the functioning of coronary vessels, etc. Blackberries are used fresh or prepared compotes, juices, jams.

Planting and caring for blackberries

Blackberry grows on any soil, but prefers medium loamy, fertile, without close occurrence of groundwater. Planting rooted seedlings is carried out in the same way as raspberries.

Planting and caring for blackberries are similar to raspberries. When planting thornless varieties, winter shelter is necessary due to their low winter hardiness.

Blackberry propagation

Blackberries are propagated in dachas and house garden and berry plantings in a vegetative way - cuttings, layering, tops of shoots.

The tip is usually propagated by creeping forms of blackberries. In July, the tops of the shoots are carefully tilted and fixed with a V-shaped wooden pin in a 10-15 cm depression in the soil with the top up. Leave the tip of a branch with 2-3 leaves above the soil. The soil is kept constantly moist. Biological preparations are added to the water for irrigation: root, planriz, which contribute to the rapid growth of roots.

In autumn, the rooted tops of blackberries are covered with mulch from freezing. From the mother plant is separated the next year, sometimes after 2 years.

To get more planting material, a young blackberry shoot with swollen buds is pinned. in early spring. When buds open, they form side shoots. As soon as they grow up to 10-15 cm, they are also pinned and covered with soil. By autumn, rooted blackberry seedlings are obtained, which are separated from the mother plant the next year and planted in a permanent place.

Blackberry varieties for growing in the country

In the country, it is more expedient to grow hybrid varieties of blackberries. They differ in productivity, exquisite taste, frost resistance and resistance to diseases and pests. The most famous remontant blackberry variety Ruben with good frost resistance.

Gardeners' favorite - thornless blackberry variety Waldo with early ripening berries. It develops well and bears fruit in thickened plantings. Of other thornless varieties with early fruit ripening, we can recommend Loch Mary, loch tay.

The hybrid varieties of raspberries with blackberries are widely used by blackberry lovers: El Dorado, Erie, Old Brighton, Loganberry.

Unique hybrid Chief Joseph, forming bright black berries up to 40 g in weight.

Ezhemalina Taybury(blackberry-raspberry hybrid) forms dark red fruits up to 5 cm long.

When choosing a blackberry variety for growing in the country, it is necessary to purchase zoned varieties that will need less shelter and other unforeseen care during the growing season and during wintering.

9. Walnut

Walnut comes from Central Asia. Known under Russian names - Greek walnut, Volosh walnut, Royal walnut. For its valuable nutritional qualities, it is called the tree of life, the food of heroes.

In the wild, the walnut occupies a significant area of countries with a warm and hot climate. Currently growing in Russia in the Caucasus, in the south of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova. Breeders promote culture in the middle lane and the northern regions of Russia, the CIS, and Europe. Today, walnuts are harvested near St. Petersburg, in the Moscow region, Vyazma, and the Tula region.

In addition to walnuts, in such a rational garden in central Russia, ripened crops of Manchurian, black, heart-shaped nuts are harvested, which are able to withstand frosts of -40 ..-50 ° С.

walnut features

Walnut is a large tree, up to 25 m high, with a spreading crown. It is a southern plant and tolerates southern climates and southern winters well. At present, the culture is advanced to the north. Separate varieties of walnuts (grade "Ideal") are able to withstand frost, and at -32 ..-36 ° C keep buds and wood alive. However, during prolonged frosts of -25..-28°C, the walnut may still freeze.

Walnut loves bright places with constant sunlight. Does not tolerate dense plantings, close-lying ground water. It develops poorly on compacted and waterlogged soil. The best soils for walnuts are carbonate loams and light fertile soils.

Walnuts ripen in September-October. In mature nuts, the pericarp bursts into several pieces and is separated from the stone.

Useful properties and application of walnut

Walnuts are grown for their edible kernels, which contain a wide range of useful substances, including an essential oil that gives a special smell to walnut gardens and individual plantings.

Walnut fatty oil determines the high value of walnut kernels as a food and medicinal product.

Walnut fruits are a very valuable food product. Useful substances of fruits and walnut leaves used in folk treatment many diseases: gastrointestinal tract, gynecological, kidneys, bladder, tonsillitis, beriberi, atherosclerosis.

Planting and caring for walnuts

Planting and care are common for grafted and self-rooted seedlings (i.e. seedlings obtained by rooting cuttings or from root shoots). Walnut does not require special crown formation, constant fertilizing and watering. Subject to spatial isolation, the walnut practically does not get sick and is not damaged by pests. It is considered an unpretentious plant, especially for the southern regions.

Reproduction of a walnut

The walnut propagates by seed and vegetatively. The powerful development of the tap root system in the first year of life is characteristic, reaching a depth of 4 m over time, which makes it easy to endure dry periods and not require irrigation.

It is more practical to propagate walnuts vegetatively, including stumps. Overgrown plants for 2-3 years form the first crop.

With seed propagation of walnut, the formation of the crop begins from 8-10-12 years. Under favorable conditions, plants can live in one place up to 300-400 years.

Walnut varieties for growing in the country

For the southern regions, the most popular are: an early variety of walnut Dessert, Elegant, mid-season Aurora. Good yields form early-ripening walnut varieties abundant And fruitful.

The varieties of Moldova and Ukraine are overwhelmingly frost-resistant, but are nevertheless intended for southern regions with mild winters: Moldavian, Codrene, Chisinau, Briceni, Carpathian and etc.

At present, breeders have bred a number of walnut varieties for the conditions of the middle zone of the European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation. For these regions, early varieties are recommended. Dawn of the East, Breeder, Baikonur, Pinsky.

Interesting variety of walnut Ideal, which forms 2 crops in one growing season and is one of the most frost-resistant varieties, and a walnut variety Giant, the properties of which make it possible to cultivate a crop throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.

For country cultivation, it is better to use early-ripening varieties of walnuts, which form a crop for 2-3-4 years. TO early maturing varieties relate Aurora, Breeder, Dawn of the East, Pinsky, state farm, Five-Year Plan, Beloved Petrosyan.

A large garden is the dream of every gardener. In it, you can realize all your dreams and ideas regarding the number of different decorative, fruit and berry crops. On a large land area, you don’t have to worry about saving space, such a problem does not even arise. But gardeners who have a small garden plot will have to sweat a lot in order to properly and competently plan and organize the planting of all types of plants. After all, I want to get a good harvest, and build a beautiful flower garden, and maybe a small lawn.

In a limited area of land, it is necessary to use non-standard solutions from experienced landscape designers, gardeners and flower growers who will help you place fruit trees and berry bushes even in the smallest space. This is possible only on the condition that ornamental and fruit crops will be adjacent to each other and interspersed with each other. A habitual orchard can easily become a picturesque area, consisting of flowering ornamental plants and fruit trees and shrubs. At first it seems like a difficult task, but the result is worth it.

In order for different types of plants to fully develop and not interfere with each other, it is necessary to select them according to the following principles:

Place of cultivation.
Soil requirements.
According to the illumination of the area.

Neighboring crops with similar requirements will not only get along well, but will also benefit in the form of a quality crop and decorative appeal. There are many options for replacing an ornamental plant with a fruit one.

Coniferous tree - for fruit (plum, cherry, apple tree)

If pines and spruces grow in the garden plot, you can replace one of these trees with an equally attractive apple tree or other fruit tree, which will maintain the decorative effect of the composition in any season. After all, branches of needles in combination with branches flowering tree in springtime, with a lush green crown in summer period and a scattering of fruits shining in the sun in autumn look great side by side and are a complete composition. Only in winter period when fruit trees stand without foliage, aesthetic appearance a little disturbed, but then the harvest is harvested, and preparations for the winter are made.

Thuyu - on raspberry bushes, boxwood - on blackberries or rose hips

A hedge on the site, consisting of thuja or boxwood bushes, which acts as a dense plant screen, can become half fruit and berry. This addition will only give it originality and charm and will be able to protect it from uninvited guests and prying eyes. A hedge of thuja and raspberry bushes will look great and attract attention with juicy in green and bright red splashes of berries on its background.

If the hedge is on a trellis, try replacing individual ornamental plant specimens with blackberry bushes, which will not only look elegant but also produce large yields. Well, initially you can create such a fence from several types of wild fruit and berry plantations. How much benefit will the fruits of wild rose, sea buckthorn or hawthorn bring! Their care is minimal, and as a result, a considerable harvest of healthy berries and a wonderful decoration of the garden.

In a limited garden area, you can use standard forms of fruit crops that will not overload the overall landscape, but will become elements that divide the garden plot into zones. Such plants can be planted in a straight line or a semicircle to define a recreation area or a children's clearing.

Roses - on Japanese quince or gooseberries

An important role in the backyard is played by flower beds and flower beds. Their real decoration and the most important pride are often roses of various types and varieties. These traditional ornamental shrubs can be replaced with gooseberry bushes or quince, lingonberries or blueberries.

Ground cover plants - for garden strawberries

Numerous types of ground cover plants are used in the garden not only for decoration, comfort, space filling, but also for protection from weeds. They cover any territory with a dense carpet and create a glade pleasing to the eye. Nothing worse than appearance and in terms of decoration, a clearing from garden strawberries. This perennial looks very impressive and brings a large number of useful fruits for 3-4 seasons.

Clematis and wisteria - for grapes and actinidia

Decent, attractive and useful decoration buildings and walls of houses can become grapes and close relative kiwi - actinidia. You can also use trellises, on which the plants will quickly climb up and not take up much space in the garden.

For garden areas with a minimum area, there is also an excellent option for landscaping and ennobling the site with fruit plantations. Standard forms of berry and fruit crops that grow in tubs will come to the rescue. Their disadvantage is a small harvest, but such plants can be placed in any part of the garden, as well as on the terrace, loggia, balcony and in a variety of non-standard places.

It is very important when growing fruit crops in tubs to choose the right container (usually big size), fill it with a quality and suitable potting mix (rather than ordinary garden soil) and apply appropriate fertilizers regularly throughout the spring-summer, and for some, autumn season.

A variety of crops can be grown in tubs - grapes, strawberries and strawberries, raspberries and blackberries, peaches, almonds, apple trees, pears and many others. Berry crops can grow well in tub containers in combination with ornamental plants. A balcony or terrace can become a real orchard, because containers and tubs do not need much space, and with a trellis, even the walls will turn into a decorative decoration of dense foliage or a variety of colors.

Experienced gardeners recommend that when creating such a complex planting, it is imperative to take into account the requirements of plants. Each culture must receive enough heat, water, lighting and food. IN mixed landings it is also worth paying attention to the height of the plants and planting them alternately - undersized (flowering crops) in the foreground, and tall ones (pears, apple trees, rosehips) - in the background.

Garden plot planning rules (video)

Save yourself so you don't lose!

In a garden where such varieties are planted, there is always less work. Because a family should have not 5–6 trees and shrubs of each species, but only 1–2.

apple trees

Jonathan (up to 490 kg), Orlovskoye striped (270–430 kg), Welsey (up to 275 kg), Anise striped (gray) (250–300 kg), Ural bulk (250 kg), Cossack Kuban (250–300 kg) , Anise scarlet (200–300 kg), Winter MOSVIR (200–300 kg), Golden Kursk Renette (200 kg), Yandykovskoye (200 kg), Borovinka (150–200 kg), Luch (160–190 kg), Dagestan winter (up to 180 kg), Baganenok (156 kg), Orlovsky pioneer (up to 150 kg), Malt Bagaevsky (160 kg), Autumn joy (up to 150 kg), Nymph (130 kg), Rtishchev's Firstborn (130 kg), Grounded (130 kg), Prikubanskoye (130 kg), Renet Kuban (130 kg), State Farm (130 kg), Idared (95–130 kg), Renet Simirenko (80–130 kg), Bratchud (120 kg), Orlik (up to 120 kg), Bryansk (110 kg), March (110 kg).

For comparison: the popular Antonovka ordinary gives about 70-90 kg per tree, and many other varieties even less - 30-50 kg.

Pears

Most pears yield an average of 30–50 kg per tree. But there are real "Stakhanovites" from whom you can get a crop of 3 or even 10 times more!

Kieffer (up to 300 kg), Ruddy Golden Eagle (up to 250 kg), Tonkovetka (250 kg), Bere Russian (up to 200 kg), Space (up to 150 kg), Dessert Rossoshanskaya (up to 140 kg), Augustinka (130 kg), Marble (up to 130 kg), Talitsa (125 kg), Nalchik Kostyka (120-130 kg), Lyubina (120 kg), Oktyabrskaya (120 kg), Nart (100-170 kg), Early Astrakhan (100-150 kg) , Skoroplodnaya (100-130 kg), Early (100-120 kg), Yuryevskaya (110 kg), Bere Dil (100 kg), Malyaevskaya late (100 kg), Record holder (100 kg), Morning freshness (100 kg), Chernomyaska gully (100 kg).

INTERESTING FACT

The Gimrinskaya variety has an average yield of 110 kg. But individual trees good care able to give from 800 to 3,500 kg! Just imagine, a whole dump truck of pears from one tree!

plums

Volgogradskaya (150 kg), Mechta (70 kg), Nika (up to 70 kg), Zhiguli (up to 70 kg), Krasnodarskaya (65 kg), Prikubanskaya (60–70 kg), Viola (up to 60 kg), Renklod Soviet ( up to 60 kg), Eurasia 21 (50–100 kg), Bogatyrskaya (50–70 kg), Andreevskaya (50–55 kg).

In most other varieties, the yield does not exceed 15–20 kg.

apricots

Southern varieties of apricots give enviable yields - 70–80, and some even 100 kg per tree. Northern, frost-resistant ones cannot boast of such records - on average, about 20 kg of fruit can be obtained from them. And yet there are varieties that, although they do not reach the southern counterparts, are at least 2 times superior to the northern average ones.

Northern Triumph (up to 64 kg), Kuibyshev jubilee (40–50 kg), Samara (40–50), Northern Lights (up to 47 kg), Zhemchuzhina Zhiguli (up to 46 kg), Gritikaz (up to 45 kg), Petr Komarov ( up to 45 kg), Sayansky (up to 45 kg), Mountainous Abakan (up to 41 kg).

Cherries

The average yield for most cherries is 10 kg per tree. If you manage to collect 16-20 kg - this is just some kind of happiness! But there are varieties that give fruits 3 or even 7 times higher than usual!

Toy (up to 72 kg), Griot of Ostheim (60–90 kg), Garland (up to 60 kg), Lada (up to 60 kg), Nadezhda (up to 60 kg), Lyubskaya (up to 50 kg), Kentskaya (up to 40 kg) , Zhukovskaya (up to 30 kg), Melitopol Griot (up to 30 kg).

Cherries

Southern varieties of sweet cherries produce an average of 100 kg of fruit per tree. Cold-resistant ones are much more modest - 20, at most 30 kg, ripens on them. But there are northern cherries that are significantly superior to their average sisters. And some varieties will give odds even to the southern ones!

Dibera black (up to 170 kg), Bryanochka (up to 150 kg), Tyutchevka (up to 138 kg), Drogana yellow (up to 110 kg), Odrinka (up to 110 kg), Julia (up to 110 kg), Gronkavaya (100 kg), Ovstuzhenka (up to 100 kg), Rechitsa (up to 73 kg), Iput (up to 70 kg), Early pink (up to 70 kg), Pink pearls (up to 70 kg), Baby (up to 63 kg), April (60 kg), Lena (up to 60 kg).

Sea buckthorn

It so happened historically that all varieties of sea buckthorn can be divided into 3 groups. From low-yielding ones, you can collect 5–6 kg from a bush. Fortunately, there are few of them. Middle peasants (most of them) give 10-12 kg each. And on the most fruitful, more than 15 kg of berries ripen!

Among them: Muscovite (21 kg), Botanical (up to 20 kg), Moscow Pineapple (18.8 kg), Panteleevskaya (up to 17.6 kg), Minusa (17.4 kg), Chechek (16.8), Inya (16.2 kg), Nivelena (16.1 kg), Sayana (up to 16 kg), Ruet (15.8 kg), Tenga (15.6 kg), Pepper Hybrid (15.2 kg), Moscow beauty ( 15 kg), Otradnaya (15 kg), Botanical amateur (up to 15 kg).

Black currant

The average yield for most blackcurrant varieties is 1.5–2 kg per bush. But there are champions who give 2–3 or even 7 times more berries!

Ksyusha (up to 13.8 kg), Nyura (up to 7 kg), Ilyina's Gift (up to 6.6 kg), Imandra 2 (6 kg), Harmony (up to 6 kg), Kupalinka (up to 6 kg), Lama (up to 5.9 kg), Sudarushka (up to 5.9 kg), Pygmy (up to 5.7 kg), Gera (up to 5.5 kg), Natasha (up to 5.2 kg), Venus (up to 5.1 kg) , Reform (up to 5.1 kg), Amgun (4-4.5 kg), Leningrad Giant (up to 4.5 kg), Nika (up to 4.5 kg), Shukshin's Memory (up to 4.5 kg), Rita (up to 4.5 kg), Dashkovskaya (up to 4.1 kg), Little Prince (up to 4.1 kg), In memory of Potapenko (up to 4.1 kg), Daughter (4 kg), Moscow (4 kg), Argazinskaya (up to 4 kg), Volodinka (up to 4 kg), Odzhebin (up to 4 kg), Gift to Kuzior (up to 4 kg), Gift to October (up to 4 kg), Sweet fruit (up to 4 kg), Overture (up to 4 kg).

Gooseberry

On average, one gooseberry bush produces 2–4 kg of berries. But you can collect many times more if you plant:

Hinnonmaen punainen (up to 13 kg), Beryl (up to 10 kg), Ural pink (up to 9.6 kg), Bright (up to 7.8 kg), Shershnevsky (up to 7.6 kg), Vladil (up to 7.5 kg ), Spring (up to 7.5 kg), Chelyabinsk green (up to 7.1 kg), Eridan (up to 7.1 kg), Ural grapes (up to 7 kg), Cooperator (up to 6.9 kg), Red large ( up to 6.5 kg), White Nights (up to 6.2 kg), Candy (up to 6.2 kg), Harlequin (up to 6 kg), Senator (up to 6 kg).

Raspberries

For most raspberry varieties, the average yield ranges from 50 kg per hundred square meters. For example, the popular Novosti Kuzmin gives 50–70 kg. And if you want more, plant these varieties:

Nizhny Novgorod (183 kg), Ruby Necklace (158 kg), Orange Miracle (155 kg), Elegant (140 kg), Eurasia (134 kg), Bryansk Divo (131 kg), Firebird (131 kg), Illusion (130 kg), Faith (up to 129 kg), Golden Autumn (126 kg), Bell (up to 120 kg), Ruby (up to 120 kg), Apricot (100-120 kg), Augustine (117 kg), Indian Summer 2 (115 kg).

To print

Natalia Mironova 04/22/2015 | 16152

What fruit trees are considered the best for planting in the garden? Selection criteria are different, but the most common is the ability of the garden to produce fruits throughout the summer-autumn season, from early cherries to late apple varieties.

Let's try to figure out what and when to plant so that natural vitamins are always on your table. About this in the article.

Cherries

The tree belongs to the early-flowering stone fruit plants, the sweet fruits of which help to cope with the spring beriberi. Cherries contains ascorbic and malic acids, carotene, pectins, flavonoids, coumarin, vitamins and other beneficial substances that have a beneficial effect on the walls of capillaries, blood clotting and the general condition of the body.

If the size of the garden allows you to plant 3 or 4 trees cherries, then you should choose varieties that allow you to harvest from the first decade of June to the end of July. In the middle lane, the following varieties are most suitable for cultivation: early - Homestead, Chermashnaya; mid-early - Fatezh, Ovstudenka; mid-late - Tyutchevka; late - Bryansk pink.

Cherry

This unpretentious and hardy tree blooms and bears fruit after the sweet cherry, and the latest varieties give their owners a harvest until mid-August. Contained in fruits cherries vitamins, pectins, antioxidants, organic acids, micro and macro elements help to strengthen the protective functions of the body, prevent premature aging, improve brain activity and hematopoiesis.

In folk medicine, not only fruits are used, but also stalks, leaves, twigs and tree bark. Cherry has an incomparable gastronomic value.

To the most famous cherry varieties include: early Bulatnikovskaya, Volochaevka, Zagoreevskaya; mid-early - Assol, Griot Moscow; mid-late - Anthricite, Zhukovskaya, Turgenevka, Kharitonovskaya; late - Apukhtinskaya, Bolotovskaya.

Pear

The tree blooms at the end of April and, depending on the variety, can delight with its flowering throughout May. With low calorie fruits pears have significant nutritional value, and the presence of fiber has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. That's why pear often included in weight loss diets. Pear sweeter than an apple, but contains much less sugar, which allows it to be used in the diet of people with diabetes.

Pear fruits contain vitamins C, A, PP, K, tannins, essential oils, micro and macro elements that have a positive effect on all vital human organs.

The most common varieties recommended for growing in the middle lane are: summer - Spiritual, Duchess summer; autumn - Fun, Dessert Rossoshanskaya; winter - Belarusian late, Alyonushka.

Plum

Fruit early varieties ripen in early July, and late - in late September - early October. Plum is considered an exceptionally useful crop due to the presence of vitamins C, A, B1, B2, P, potassium, phosphorus, organic acids and other valuable substances. Plum has a beneficial effect on intestinal motility, and compotes and decoctions prepared from it are used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of kidney diseases, atherosclerosis, gout and rheumatism.

The most famous varieties of plums grown in the middle lane include: early - Opal, Morning, Volga beauty, Early maturing red; medium - blue gift, Renklod Tambov, egg blue, Kantemirovka; late - Memory of Timiryazev, Hungarian Moscow, Tula black, Alexy.

Apple tree

The tree is a real decoration of the garden at the time of flowering, and the fruits are valued due to the presence of apple and citric acid, vitamins C, B1, B2, P, E, carotene, calcium, potassium, iron, manganese, pectins and sugar. Apples help reduce blood cholesterol and eliminate oxalic acid from the body, have a tonic effect, reduce the negative effects of radiation and take part in the normalization of metabolic processes.

Also, the value of apples lies in the fact that they winter varieties you can stock up for future use, especially Pepin saffron, whose shelf life reaches 6 months.

The best varieties of apple trees include: summer - White filling, Moscow pear, Golden Chinese; autumn - Borovinka, Volga beauty, Anise scarlet; winter - Antonovka ordinary, Anise new, Bashkir handsome man.

By planting a garden with only five species of the above trees, you can meet the body's need for vitamins, macro- and microelements throughout almost the entire year.