When to plant peppers outdoors. How to plant pepper seedlings in open ground Proper planting of pepper seedlings in the ground

How to grow pepper in the open field and create care? Sweet pepper is a southern crop and requires heat and humidity. V middle lane, pepper in open soil is grown through seedlings and with the help of greenhouses. To grow the desired crop crop, you need special care.

Pepper grows well in the open ground of the middle lane

Soil preparation

Growing peppers outdoors requires competent training earth.

Outdoor sweet peppers grow best in mild climates and areas with more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, they make a shield from plants or build a wattle fence.

To grow peppers in open areas, it is important to understand after which crops it is more efficient to grow peppers.

Pepper planting is best done in the place where cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, legumes, table root crops grew. In places with a previous crop of tomato, eggplant, potatoes, it is not recommended to plant pepper for three years, since diseases of these vegetables spread through the ground.

The soil allocated for pepper should be characterized by fertility, holding moisture. The soil begins to be prepared in the fall. When harvesting in the fall, you need to carefully collect the remains of the previous crop and dig up the ground. They also fertilize the soil, enriching it with such substances (per 1 square meter):

• superphosphate in the amount of 30-50 g;
• wood ash - 50-80 g;
• humus - from 5 to 10 kg.

In places where they were fertilized with fresh manure, sweet peppers should not be planted, since there is no need for organic fresh top dressing. The search for nitrogen in the soil causes the active growth of the vegetative parts of the pepper, and the ovary is so poorly preserved, which affects the yield.

In the fall, the place where they plan to place the pepper is dug deep. In the spring, the earth is loosened and fed with fertilizers with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The earth is slightly dug up and leveled before planting seedlings.

Pumpkin is a great precursor to pepper

How to properly plant seedlings?

Before planting, it is important to water the seedlings well so that the pepper does not wither. Withered pepper does not take root well, its growth is delayed, which leads to the fall of the first buds. So early harvest is lost.

If the weather is hot, it is better to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, a morning disembarkation is recommended.

Prepare planting holes and water. It is recommended to pour up to two liters of water (minimum one liter) into each well, which must be heated in the sun. Seedlings are planted deeper than they were planted in pots, like seedlings. On the stalk covered with earth, adventitious roots are formed that can nourish the plant.

Pepper seedlings are planted in holes, while ensuring sufficient watering.

How to water sweet peppers?

Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.

In order for the seedling to take root faster, it is necessary to water under the root every 2-3 days. For one seedling, 1-2 liters of water are consumed. If the weather is hot, water every day. After seven days, the seedlings are checked and, where the pepper has died, a new sprout is planted from the reserve. Reduce the amount of watering. This is called "thin" watering. It is important not to harm the plants with abundant watering. How to determine the need for a vegetable in water? If the plant darkens, this is a sign that water is needed. Do not allow long-term wilting of the plant. If there is wilting of the leaves in the heat, this is not a reason for watering.

When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In the heat, water in the morning or evening hours.

Watering young peppers should be regular.

When to loosen the soil?

Sweet pepper grows comfortably in loosened soil. It is impossible to bring to the appearance of an earthen crust.

What are the benefits of loosening the soil?

• Improves air flow to the root.
• The plant grows faster.
• The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.

Weeding the ground, there is a fight against weeds.

You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and the soil does not need to be loosened.

The first loosening of the earth is done after the first "thin" watering. The root system is located in the upper ball of the earth, so loosening will be shallow, at the level of 5-10 cm.

If the earth is heavy, it is allowed to loosen the soil for the first time deeper, destroying the soil crust. So the soil warms up and ventilates better.

Hilling is carried out during flowering.

Loosening the soil around the peppers should be done regularly.

Feeding

Pepper care will not bring the desired harvest if not fed.

Seedlings are well fertilized with nettle top dressing. To do this, combine nettle with water, in a ratio of 1:10 and insist for two days. The last time seedlings are fed 2 days before planting, increasing the dosage of fertilizers with potassium (7 g per 1 liter of liquid).

At least three top dressings are done per season. The first time during the first fluffing (after disembarkation in two weeks). Fertilize with slurry from manure, bird droppings, mixed with phosphorus-potassium supplements or wood ash.

Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate chicken afterbirth with nitrophoska (1 tbsp per bucket of liquid).

It is effective to add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride up to 20 g or wood ash in the amount of 150-200 g to a solution of organic fertilizer (manure, litter).

Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, add the following substances to 10 liters of water:

• ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
• superphosphate - 40-60 g;
• potassium chloride - 15-20 g.

This dressing is used for 8-10 seedlings.

During the formation of fruits, the need for nutrition of pepper increases. At this stage, the third feeding is carried out. And the second time they are fed at the beginning, fruiting begins with an increase in the dose of ammonium nitrate.

If the fruits of the culture ripen small, they are fed for the fourth time.

It is important to know that when caring for peppers, they use fertilizers without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Peppers do not tolerate chlorine. But there is a good substitute for potassium chloride - wood ash.

Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for peppers.

How to protect peppers from frost?

Having planted pepper, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for a crop at the time of frost forces ingenuity.

Tents are built from improvised materials (pieces of wood, cardboard, fabric, etc.). They are made in the evening and removed in the morning. But when the cold snap lasts for a long time, it is advisable to use a film.

Often there is a fall of flowers and ovaries. All because of unfavorable temperature conditions for the vegetable (low or very high temperature). Growth stops at + 8-10 degrees. But if the heat is 30-35 degrees for several days, the buds also fall off.

The result of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.

You can not shade the pepper. In low light, especially during a cold snap, flowers and ovaries also fall.

Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunlight.

Features of caring for bell pepper

There are some subtleties of pepper care, in order to better yield:

1. It is imperative to pinch pepper - removal of lateral and lower stepchildren. But in hot and dry weather, pinching is not recommended. The leaves protect the soil from evaporation. Professionals suggest, to increase the yield, cut off the central flower that has grown from the first branch.
2. During the growing season, long shoots are cut a few so that there is no shading of other branches.
3. Remove the shoots of the plant below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is done every 10 days.
4. Pollinating insects are useful for sweet peppers. They are lured by spraying the plant, during the flowering period with a solution of sugar (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter hot water).
5. Applying mulching of pepper with rotted straw (up to 10 cm layer) - the frequency of irrigation will decrease.
6. When leaving, it is important to tie up the culture immediately after hilling and mulching.

Mulching Peppers Helps Reduce Watering Frequency

Pest control

Pepper is sensitive to diseases, therefore it requires special care.

But most pepper suffers from pests (scoop, whitefly, aphids, Colorado potato beetle, bear, slugs).

So that the plant is not damaged, pollination is carried out with wood ash (three times per season). You can fight aphids with a solution of serum with water (0.5 liters of serum per bucket of liquid). And sprinkle the leaves with wood ash on top.

Having adopted all the tips, you can grow an excellent crop of sweet peppers.

bell pepper

refers to the most common vegetables among domestic gardeners. It is actively planted both in open ground and in greenhouses. Caring for it cannot be called scrupulous, however, some basic principles and agrotechnical features still need to be considered in more detail. By being prepared for the process of growing bell peppers at home, you will be able to achieve visible results.

Land preparation

Very often it is the choice of the optimal land plot for planting bell peppers becomes a whole problem. Many farmers believe that a garden is also suitable for this purpose: the land is regularly fertilized, while being quite loose. However, there is one significant downside. As a rule, the garden is an open area, the winds are constantly blowing there, and the plants cannot be protected from it. Such conditions are considered not optimal in the case of bell pepper. So try to plant this vegetable crop in a place protected from strong drafts. In addition, it is very important that it is well lit.

Before planting bell peppers in open ground, some soil preparation procedures should be carried out. What exactly needs to be done by the farmer:

It is recommended to pay attention to one more nuance before you finally plant a pepper in your garden. Let's say you want to breed several varieties of pepper at once. In this case, it is better to plant the sprouts away from each other. The thing is that this agriculture can pollinate in the process of maturation. There is a risk that as a result you will not get the result you expected. However, there is a way out of the situation. Divide a home plantation of several varieties of peppers with taller plants (corn, tomatoes, or sunflowers). Thus, you can effortlessly grow several varieties of bell pepper in the garden at once.

Video "Growing and caring for pepper"

From the video you will learn how to properly grow and care for pepper.

Seedling feeding

It is necessary to feed the pepper, but you need to clearly understand what kind of soil you are dealing with. Your choice of fertilizers should also depend on its features. Let's say you decide to plant a pepper in a greenhouse and collect ordinary garden soil there. In this case, be prepared for the fact that it will be necessary to feed the soil every 10 days. If you approached this issue more thoroughly, using a specially prepared earthen mixture for planting bell pepper seedlings in it, it will be enough to carry out no more than three stages of fertilization in the future.

How do experienced gardeners get out of the situation?

Many prefer exclusively natural top dressing. Shallow trenches are dug between rows with seedlings, into which manure or bird droppings are poured. When can this procedure be carried out? It is advisable to do this after 2-3 leaves have blossomed on the sprouts. When the seedlings of bell pepper grow noticeably, it must be swooped down, and then the next stage of soil fertilization should be carried out. You can use both special complex mixtures, and dry ash or compost tea.

Feeding after planting

You can endlessly determine the optimal place for planting bell pepper. But your efforts to grow a bountiful crop of peppers don't have to end there. Special attention It is worth giving regular soil replenishment with mineral fertilizers. Moreover, this must be done not one-time, but during the development of the plant, the ripening of the fruit. What kind of fertilizers are suitable for bell pepper, and in what proportions should they be added to the soil?

Among the variety of modern fertilizers, urea and phosphates are most distinguished for this crop. But that's not all.

Today, many summer residents use potash and phosphorus fertilizers for feeding, as well as folk remedies ( cow dung or bird droppings). It is best to feed the pepper with natural mixtures.

For example, cow dung is recommended to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. As for bird droppings, here the proportions will be 1:12. These types of dressings are considered the most versatile for bell peppers.

If you prefer to feed a vegetable plant as a disease prevention and in order to strengthen the vegetative part of agriculture, you can safely use universal fertilizers. However, if for some reason you did not feed the soil in advance, or did it, but noticed certain deterioration in the appearance of bell pepper seedlings, you must act immediately. First, identify the problem and then quickly fix it. For example, if your plant is not sufficiently saturated with nitrogen, over time the vegetative mass begins to turn yellow. In the case when burns appear on the edges of the seedling leaves, the cause in most cases is considered to be a deficiency of potassium in the soil. It happens that bell pepper bushes acquire a purple hue: this means that phosphate fertilizers must be added to the substrate.

Stimulation of fruiting

In order to prevent the occurrence of such problems, it is worth supporting seedlings at all stages of its development. To do this, there are universal natural fertilizers, among which nettle tea stands out. How to cook it? It is necessary to grind the stems of this plant, and then fill them with some kind of barrel or container (about 2/3). Greens are filled with water. It is desirable to leave the resulting mixture in a dark place for effective fermentation. At the end of the process, and it will take about a week, the solution is used to fertilize the soil, before diluting it with water in a ratio of 1:10. If you wish, you can feed the soil to obtain a more generous harvest of bell pepper using a high concentration of nettle solution. To do this, you need to add dandelion, wood lice, plantain and other herbal plants to it.

Stimulation of fruiting is not a bad thing, however, it is undesirable to overdo it. With excessively large volumes of fertilizers and too frequent top dressing, the branched part of the bell pepper may become woody. In addition, sometimes you can get the opposite result: when the soil is oversaturated with fertilizers, the fruits grow almost empty inside, falling off long before the end of the ripening period.

Irrigation Features

Outdoor bell pepper varieties do not require too much care. However, when it comes to moisturizing, oversights in this matter are unacceptable, as they can cost you dearly. Interestingly, it is recommended to water pepper seedlings regularly, it is impossible for the soil to dry out. But it is also not worth breeding excessive dampness.

What rules should be followed regarding watering peppers:

• after planting seedlings open ground it is undesirable to water it immediately. It is necessary to give her a few days to adapt and only after that carry out the first phase of watering. Next, try to observe the established intervals, until the seedlings begin to actively sprout;
• as soon as the sprouts turn green, it is recommended to water them daily;
• be sure to use warm and settled water for irrigation in advance - non-compliance with such recommendations is fraught with the occurrence of diseases in the plant;
• it is important that water does not fall directly on the pepper leaves;
• drainage must be present at the bottom of the seedling container. Thus, excess moisture will evaporate in a timely manner.

Video "Growing pepper in a greenhouse"

From the video you will learn how to effectively grow peppers in a greenhouse.

bell pepper also called sweet, it is rich in useful substances and vitamins, various colors, juicy and tasty.

Process growing sweet pepper has its own characteristics, since pepper is a heat-loving vegetable. To get a good harvest of peppers, you need to have knowledge and certain skills.

Consider growing bell pepper from seeds, from seedlings, features of care when growing in open ground, pest and disease control, when to harvest.

Content:

- Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

- Video - HOW TO FORM PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!
Pepper pruning
Pests and diseases of bell pepper
Harvesting bell pepper
- Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Pepper is a plant with short daylight hours, and if the daylight hours are less than 12 hours, the pepper begins to bear fruit earlier.

It is not advisable to plant pepper seeds in open ground even in the southern regions, because it is necessary to wait until the soil warms up, the pepper will begin to bear fruit later and not for long. Therefore, mostly sweet peppers are grown in seedlings.

Growing seedlings of bell pepper

When growing seedlings at home, pepper seeds are sown in February so that the plants have 90-100 days before transplanting into the ground. Pepper does not tolerate diving, so try to immediately sow the seeds in separate peat pots with a diameter of 8-10 cm.

There is no need to use large pots due to the slow development of the root system of peppers.

Soil for seedlings

A light and loose substrate is suitable, consisting of humus mixed with 1 part of earth and 1 part of sand. Add to 1 kg of substrate 1 tbsp. l. wood ash.

Before sowing, treat pepper seeds - soak the seeds in hot water + 50 degrees for 5 hours. Then place the seeds in a damp cloth for germination for 2-3 days, the room temperature should be + 20 degrees. After such pre-sowing preparation, seedlings appear the very next day after sowing.

Seeds sown in cups, pour over and cover plastic wrap or glass. Before emergence, keep the pots in a warm place with a temperature of + 22 degrees. After the emergence of shoots, remove the film and transfer the seedlings to a room with a temperature of 26-28 degrees during the day and 10-15 degrees at night.

When caring for seedlings of peppers, do not allow the soil to dry out, but we do not recommend excessive watering.

Water with warm water +30 degrees, frail seedlings will grow from cold water, plants can get sick. The air in the room should not be too dry, protect the plants from drafts and spray the plants.

In winter in February, seedlings require additional lighting so that daylight hours are from 7 am to 9 pm.

First dressing carried out in the phase of the appearance of 2 true leaves with the following solution: dilute 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potash fertilizers, 30 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water.

Second top dressing be carried out 14 days after the first with mineral fertilizers in 2 times greater proportions than the first.

Third top dressing carried out 2 days before planting seedlings in the ground. Increase the dose of potash fertilizers in the solution to 70 g per 10 liters of water.

A few weeks before planting pepper seedlings, the plants are hardened, taking them out into fresh air for several hours. Make sure that the air temperature is not lower than +13 degrees, the seedlings may die.

Choosing a place for planting bell pepper

Pick up a plot in the garden where cucumbers, onions, pumpkins, carrots, cabbage, zucchini, and various green manure grew before. Pepper grows poorly and bears fruit if planted on a site where potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers grew before.

Peppers grow best in light soils. Prepare the site for planting in advance, apply 50 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers per m2 in the fall, dig deep. Spring in upper layer soil, add 40 g of ammonium nitrate per m2 of plot.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, disinfect the soil with this solution: dilute 1 tbsp of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water.

At the end of May, pepper seedlings are planted in open ground with a distance of 40x40 cm between plants. Seedlings are planted in a film greenhouse at the end of April.

Seedlings should be planted at the same depth with which the plants grew in cups or boxes. Do not expose the roots, but also try not to drop the root neck.

Pepper does not like cold soil, arrange for pepper high beds raised 25 cm to get a good crop of peppers.

Attention: peppers are subject to cross-pollination, so plant different varieties of peppers as far apart as possible or separate them using tall plantations of tomatoes, corn, and sunflowers.

Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

Outdoor Pepper Care

It is necessary to timely water, fertilize, garter and weed pepper plantings.

Top dressing of peppers in open ground

During the season, it is necessary to carry out 3-4 dressings with chicken manure diluted with water 1 x 10. Alternate such dressings with foliar ones, using spraying with nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Potassium deficiency will lead to twisting of the leaves, the appearance of a drying border. But pepper does not tolerate an abundance of potassium chloride.

At nitrogen deficiency pepper leaves become smaller, acquire a dull grayish tint. If excess nitrogen occurs, flowers and ovaries are shed.

Phosphorus deficiency- the leaves on the underside become rich purple, pressed against the stem of the plants and rise up.

At lack of magnesium leaves become marbled.

Video - HOW TO FORM PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!

Pepper Care

Pasynkovanie in hot and humid weather, removing side shoots, especially the bottom ones. And vice versa, when the weather is hot and dry, the peppers are not stepchildren, the leaves during this period protect the plants from evaporating the moisture of the soil.

Pepper pruning

During the growing season, pruning of the longest shoots is carried out, especially all shoots below the fork of the main stem, as well as all branches going inside the plant, are removed. Pruning every 10 days and after fruit picking.

To attract pollinating insects, spray pepper plantings with a sugar or honey solution: 100 g of sugar, add 2 g of boric acid, dilute everything in a liter of hot water.

Mulching peppers with rotted straw (10 cm layer) will reduce the frequency of watering to 1 time in 10 days.

Timely carry out the garter of plants, it is better to do this after hilling.

Pests and diseases of pepper

Pests such as slugs, cutworms, aphids, whiteflies, mole crickets, and the Colorado potato beetle can harm plants. It is necessary to pollinate the pepper with wood ash 3 times per season.

Common diseases of sweet pepper- Late blight, Septoria, macrosporiosis, top rot, white rot, black leg.

In the fight against the bear, before planting in the ground, fill the planting holes with onion water (500 g of onion peel insist in 10 liters of water for 3 days).

In case of aphids infestation, treat the plants with a solution: dilute 1.5 l of whey in 10 l of water. After processing, crush with ash.

Harvesting bell pepper

When the peppers are the right size and color for ripeness, start harvesting by cutting off the stemmed vegetables. Pepper ripening begins in early August and continues until the first frost.

Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Big harvests of sweet pepper to you!

To get a good harvest of bell pepper, it is important to create the necessary conditions for it. High humidity and high temperature are the indicators that positively affect this vegetable. But such a plant can be grown not only in warm regions. It is often found in garden beds. In order for the pepper to bring a crop, it is important to know how to plant peppers in open ground, what to put in the holes, and also what should be the distance when planting pepper in open ground, and how to properly care for sweet peppers in the open field.

Seed processing technology

Growing bell peppers in open ground begins with proper seed preparation. The technology for preparing the bushes for planting consists in calculating the timing, because the sowing must be carried out so that by the required date the pepper is ready for planting in the ground.

There are several seed treatment techniques to successfully preserve and improve planting material. With their help, you can increase the guarantees for a successful harvest.

Interesting! If the seed is not processed, then the seeds will sprout fourteen days after planting. When processing, the result will be visible on the third day.

The first step is to determine which of the seeds are healthy. To do this, they must be filled with a 3% solution of baking soda and water. room temperature. Healthy seeds in five minutes will remain at the bottom of the vessel, and empty and unsuitable for planting will float on the surface. After checking, the seed is washed from salt and prepared for processing.

Seed material is disinfected using various solutions. It can be Albit, Fitosporin, Alirin-B or Trichodermin. You can also use grandmother's recipe and treat swollen pepper seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate. 30 minutes will be enough for the treatment to give a result.

Increases the immunity of the plant and accelerates its growth, drugs such as Ecogel, Novosil or Epin. They are applied according to the instructions attached to them. To improve the effect, such drugs can be used after the ascent of sprouts.

In order to make the seeds strong and strong, special fertilizers are used that strengthen the seeds. To do this, it is enough to soak the seeds in diluted fertilizer for 12 hours.

Growing seedlings of pepper

Seedlings are grown in the ground three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare from February. It is important to do everything necessary procedures before proceeding to sowing seeds. First of all, it is necessary to process and disinfect the seeds. Then they are hardened and soaked. After that, they are ready to land.

Sowing seeds

In order for the pepper to grow faster, you must first wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and hide in a warm place for two days. After that, you can plant them in pre-prepared soil (in boxes, pots or other containers). The distance between the peppers when planting in the ground should be 1.5 cm, after which the container is covered with glass or plastic wrap until the seedlings rise.

Important! For planting bell pepper, light soil is needed, which consists of sand, black soil and humus. Water the seedlings with water, which is infused for one day.

It is important to regularly apply fertilizers of organic and mineral origin to the soil. The first feeding occurs after the first leaves on the seedlings bloom.

Growing seedlings of pepper

You can prepare the soil at home with the help of the following components:

• sod land;
• peat;
• humus;
• sawdust.

All components are mixed in a ratio of 2:4:1:1. Then, ash and sand are added to the resulting soil, adhering to the following dosages: for one bucket, three tablespoons of ash and 0.5 liters of river sand. The resulting consistency is watered with potassium permanganate.

There are two ways to grow bell peppers:

With the help of a pick

It is important to carry out a pick in time so that the plant takes root better. As soon as the seeds germinate, the vegetable grower counts 20 days and makes a pick. Since the root of the pepper does not recover well, they do not touch it, but use other parts of the plant.

Without using picks

This technique is more common. It is only necessary to move the seedlings from a smaller container to a larger one. Then the root system is not affected and the plant takes root faster.

Growing peppers on a windowsill

When growing bell peppers on a windowsill, you need to know a few subtleties and nuances. First of all, it is necessary to choose the right time for planting seeds. Since bell peppers at home often do not have enough heat and sufficient humidity, they will rise longer than the allotted time. Therefore, it is recommended to plant seeds in late February - early March.

For normal plant growth, it needs to provide 12 hours of light. To do this, it is enough to keep the windows constantly clean, since dirty windows take over part of the world.

Do not forget about the humidity in the room. For bell pepper, it should be 70%. To do this, a humidifier is installed in the room. Of course, you can spray plants with a spray bottle, but a humidifier will be more rational and safer.

For planting seeds, two-hundred-gram cups are used, which are replaced by liter ones after one month has passed after planting.

Bulgarian pepper, cultivation and care in the open field

The technology of growing peppers outdoors is similar to growing tomatoes. It is important to water the plant in time, feed it, shape it, and, if necessary, remove stepchildren. Don't forget about protection various pests and diseases.

It is necessary to water the sweet pepper as soon as it is planted in open ground, then after five days. After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the earth so that there is no hardened soil. Plant feeding is carried out three times a season. For this, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are used.

Don't forget about heat protection. To prevent pollen from losing its abilities, it is necessary to make screens that will darken the plant.

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Bulgarian pepper growing in a barrel

You can also grow a culture in a barrel. To do this, you need to take a barrel and remove the bottom from it. In order for oxygen to enter the barrel, holes must be made in its walls, 1 cm in diameter at a distance of 20 cm from each other.

Then the following components are laid out in layers: faded (layer thickness 10 cm), soil mixture (turf and ordinary earth, compost).

In early May, one bush of pepper is planted and covered with a film. After three hours, cut off all the lower leaves and cover the plant 10 cm with soil mixture. After the plant grows up, repeat the procedure. Do this until the barrel is completely filled with earth (this will be the beginning of June). Then the barrel can no longer be covered with a film.

Features of agricultural technology

Agrotechnics for growing sweet peppers in open ground consists of the following processes:

• Irrigation. It is necessary to water the seedlings with settled water every day. You need to be careful not to overdo it with water.
• Prevention. Spray plants periodically with a spray bottle to maintain moisture.
• Temperature. It should not exceed 22°C during the day and 15°C at night.
• Top dressing. To increase the immunity of pepper, it is necessary to feed it with minerals.

Principles of growing on the site

Sweet pepper is a plant that requires care and attention. Therefore, an experienced gardener prepares everything in advance necessary tools to take care of him. Outdoor care for sweet peppers consists of the following steps:

• seedling preparation;
• planting a plant in the ground;
• watering;
• feeding

Bush preparation

Before planting seedlings in open ground, it must be hardened. To do this, the plant periodically needs to be taken out in the sun to adapt. Due to this, the pepper will be resistant to weather conditions and will be strong. Hardening begins two weeks before disembarkation.

The process of planting plants in open soil

To get a good harvest of pepper, you need to choose the right place for the beds. This area should not be under direct wind currents, be sunny and protected from drafts. Since autumn, it is important to prepare the necessary area for planting, after digging it up and fertilizing it. It is necessary to plant bell peppers in open ground by impregnating the soil with potash and phosphorus substances.

When disembarking, it is important to remember that sweet peppers do not like direct sunlight and too hot air. Therefore, care must be taken that the seedlings are in the shade.

Depending on which variety is planted, a scheme is developed for planting bell pepper in open ground. The holes should be 35 cm apart from each other, and 45 cm between the rows. If two peppers are planted in the ground, then the distance increases to 60 cm.

There is also a square-nested method of planting pepper. Its essence is that each hole has the same sides that do not exceed 60 cm.

Pepper is transplanted into the ground in late spring or early June, depending on weather conditions. It is recommended to do this on a cloudy day or in the late afternoon, so that there are no direct rays of the sun on the ground.

Planting pepper in open ground begins with the fact that the seedlings are first watered and carefully, without damaging the root of the plant, are removed from the container along with a lump of soil. It is important to know at what depth it is necessary to plant pepper seedlings in the hole. Under the ground, the stem of the plant is placed up to its first lower leaves. After the planting of sweet pepper in open ground has been completed, it is recommended to insert pegs nearby, to which it will be tied in the future.

Irrigation Features

Bulgarian pepper does not require regular watering and moistening of open ground. Initially, it must be watered at the time of disembarkation, then after 5 days and then watered once a week. Approximately one liter of water is needed for one bush of pepper.

During flowering, water for irrigation should be about 20 ° C. Do not forget to loosen the ground around the bush after each watering so that a crust does not form. To keep moisture longer, bell peppers are advised to mulch. Pepper mulching in the open field is carried out using overripe straw or grass.

Pepper dressing

It is necessary to fertilize the soil three times during the entire season. In order for plants to develop and grow normally, they need nitrogen. Therefore, the first feeding are preparations with a nitrogen content. It is done after 2 weeks after planting the bushes in the ground.

The next top dressing is carried out during the flowering period of pepper. Potassium is required for the formation of fruits. It is found in wood ash. And the last feeding occurs when the first fruit has formed. For this, potassium salt and superphosphate are used. Two teaspoons of each component are added to a bucket of water and the plants are watered with the resulting solution.

Possible diseases and pests, and their control

On pepper, you can often observe such pests:

• slugs
• Colorado beetle;
• whitefly;
• bear.

These pests are harvested by hand, and for aphids, a solution of wood ash is used.

The most popular diseases are:

• Yellowing of leaves. This means that the pepper lacks nitrogen. For treatment, it is necessary to add 1 teaspoon of urea to 10 liters of water and spray the bushes with the resulting solution.
• Falling ties. A solution of boric acid will solve the problem (1 spoon per bucket of water).
• The fruits develop poorly. It is treated with superphosphate or wood ash.
• Blackleg. Occurs from an excess of moisture.

Growing greenhouse pepper

Planting a crop in open ground under a film is considered the most convenient, as it brings the culture closer to normal conditions. Seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in April. To do this, holes are made in the greenhouse, adhering to the correct distance.

Before planting seedlings, it is important to fertilize the hole. For this, a solution based on chicken manure or manure (half a glass of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). After planting, the bushes are watered, taking into account 1 liter per bush. And to support the plant, you can make a support from pegs, so that later you can tie the pepper to it.

Collection and storage

Bulgarian pepper is harvested as the fruit ripens. Some vegetable growers may collect unripe fruits to relieve weight from the bush. This vegetable is used in many recipes in fried, stewed or baked form. Fruits can be peeled and frozen or canned.

In order to receive fresh pepper until December, you can flowering bush together with the ground, transplant into any container and leave on the windowsill in the house.

Plant chilli pepper (lat. Capsicum annuum) refers to a species of herbaceous annuals of the genus Capsicum of the Solanaceae family, widely cultivated in agriculture. The pepper vegetable comes from Central America, it came to Europe in the 15th century and, despite the demanding care and increased thermophilicity, it quickly became the most popular garden plant. There are about 2,000 varieties of capsicum today, but most of them belong to the sweet pepper subspecies, while others belong to the bitter pepper subspecies. In this article, we will tell you about how to plant peppers, how to dive peppers, how to water peppers, how to fertilize peppers, how to grow pepper seedlings and when to plant sweet pepper seedlings. Hot pepper will be the topic of a separate article.

Planting and caring for peppers (in a nutshell)

• Landing: sowing seeds for seedlings - in February or March, planting seedlings of peppers in the garden - at the stage of formation of the first buds, at the end of May or at the beginning of June.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: light, neutral, well-drained and pre-fertilized.
• Predecessors: good - cucumbers, zucchini, carrots, green manure, pumpkins; bad - all nightshade crops, including peppers.
• Watering: before flowering - once a week, during the period of fruit formation - 2 times a week with a consumption of up to 6 liters of water per m².
• Top dressing: twice in the seedling period: two weeks after picking and at the stage of development of the second pair of leaves, then twice after planting the pepper in the ground. Both organic and mineral solutions are used as fertilizers.
• Reproduction: seed.
• Pests: spider mites, aphids, slugs, wireworms.
• Diseases: verticillium, bronze (or spotted wilt), phytoplasmosis (or stolbur), late blight, fusarium, black leg, top and gray rot.

Read more about growing peppers below.

Pepper vegetable - description

Sweet pepper, or bell pepper, is an annual vegetable plant, which in nature is perennial shrub. Its leaves are simple, petiolate, collected in a rosette or single, the color of the leaves, depending on the variety and variety, can be of different shades of green. Pepper flowers are axillary, large, bunched or solitary, with a white, purple or greenish corolla. The fruits are false hollow multi-seeded berries of yellow, red, brown or orange color various shapes, masses and magnitudes.

Growing peppers from seeds

Sowing pepper seeds

Sweet pepper in our latitudes is usually grown by seedling seed method. The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings depends on climatic conditions, however, in any case, sweet peppers are sown no later than the beginning of March.

Planting pepper seedlings begins with pre-sowing treatment of seeds: first, they are dipped for five to six hours in water at a temperature of 50 ºC to swell, then, wrapped in a damp cloth, they wait 2-3 days at a temperature of about 20 ºC, when the seeds peck, and only after that they are sown in the ground. Such preparation of seeds accelerates their germination, and seedlings can appear within 2-3 days after sowing.

The soil for seedlings of pepper is prepared as follows: 2 cups of garden humus are mixed with 1 cup of sand, one cup of garden soil, add a spoon or two of wood ash, stir well and sterilize this mixture in the oven or in the microwave, after which it is still hot, laid out in boxes, leveled , allow to cool to 40-45 ºC and lay out the seeds on it at intervals of 5 cm from each other with a depth of 1.5-2 cm. But it is better to spread the seeds in peat pots, since pepper does not tolerate picking well. Crops must be watered and then cover the seedling containers with polyethylene or glass and place in a warm place - the temperature required for seed germination is 21-22 ºC.

Growing seedlings of pepper

Growing seedlings of pepper is not much different from growing seedlings of any other vegetable. As soon as the first shoots appear, the temperature in the room is raised to 26-28 ºC during the day, and at night the seedlings need coolness - 10-15 ºC. Keep an eye on the soil moisture in containers with seedlings - it should be moderate, because in too wet soil, plants can get sick with a black leg. However, drying of the soil should not be allowed. Seedlings are watered with settled warm water - approximately 30 ºC, the seedlings get sick from cold water, wither and die.

Seedling care involves the creation high humidity indoor air, so seedlings should be sprayed from time to time. In addition, regular airing of the room is necessary, but do not let seedlings get into a draft. You may need to provide seedlings with additional lighting, as they need to be in the light from 7 am to 9 pm.

Pepper pick

In the development phase of the seedlings of the first pair of leaves, it dives. If you sowed the seeds in peat pots, then you don’t need to pick, but if your seedlings grow in boxes, when picking, the seedlings are placed from the boxes into 8x8 cm peat pots and buried in the ground along the cotyledon leaves.

The pickled peppers, after they take root in cups, begin to develop intensively, and shortly before the solemn moment of planting the seedlings in open ground, they begin to accustom them to the environment in which they will find themselves: the seedlings are taken out into the fresh air daily, at first for a short time, but gradually the time spent in new conditions increase, preventing seedlings from falling into a draft or under "frost" below 13 ºC.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, pepper is fertilized, and at least twice: two weeks after picking or in the phase of formation of the first pair of leaves in the seedlings, and then after another two weeks, or when the seedlings develop the second pair of leaves. Top dressing is best applied in liquid form. The best fertilizers for seedlings are Agricola, Mortar, Krepysh, Fertika Lux.

Growing peppers on a windowsill

In order to grow sweet peppers at home, you will need self-pollinating seeds, a good substrate, a phytolamp and a place in the apartment where the sun shines at least 3-4 hours a day. Once your potted pepper is in flower, shake it at least once a day to ensure successful pollination. Large fruits take a lot of strength from the bush, so leave 5-6 ovaries for ripening, and remove the rest.

Fruit-bearing crops quickly deplete the soil in which they grow, so it is necessary to feed a pepper bush once every 2-3 weeks, adding a teaspoon of agrolife to the top soil layer or watering the soil with a solution of one capful of Growth in two liters of water.

Sweet pepper at home is a perennial plant, and it will not be superfluous to pour fresh vermicompost into the pot every two months, as long as the capacity allows, or transplant the bush into larger pots when the need arises. To prolong the life of the plant, it is advisable to carry out a small annual spring rejuvenating pruning of pepper, and then you are guaranteed a fruit harvest for several years.

Planting pepper in open ground

When to plant peppers in the ground

The grown, strengthened and hardened seedlings at the stage of formation of the first buds are planted in open ground when the air temperature reaches 15-17 ºС. Usually planting pepper in the ground occurs in late May - mid-June.

ground for pepper

Sweet pepper loves light, non-acidic soils, but you need to prepare a plot for pepper a year before planting. Moreover, it is not at all necessary that nothing grows in this place for a year, it’s just that the soil is being prepared for crops that precede pepper, the best of which are cucumber, zucchini, carrots, onions, pumpkin or green manure. But after crops such as eggplant, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, physalis - in short, after nightshade, peppers are not grown.

When preparing the soil for the spring planting of the predecessors, 5 kg of organic matter is applied per 1 m² per year for digging, and in the fall, after harvesting, the site is dug up with the addition of 50 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers per unit area. In the spring, in the year of planting pepper, 40 g of ammonium nitrate are added to the top layer of soil for each m², and five days before the seedlings are planted, the area is shed with a disinfectant solution, adding a tablespoon of copper sulfate to a bucket of water.

How to plant peppers outdoors

Holes are made in the garden at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other, and the distance between the rows is about 60 cm. The depth of the hole should be such that the root neck of the seedling after planting is flush with the surface of the plot. Place one tablespoon each of a complete mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus into the holes, and thoroughly mix the pepper fertilizer into the soil at the bottom of the hole.

If seedlings grew in peat pots, then lower the seedling into the hole right with it, and if you grew the seedlings in a common container, then carefully remove the pepper from it, trying not to destroy the earthen ball, and lower it into the hole. Fill the hole halfway with fertile soil, then water each plant generously, spending one bucket of water on three seedlings, and when the water is absorbed, fill the holes with earth to the top. It is advisable after planting to mulch the area with sweet pepper peat. If the temperature drops below 13 ºC at night, the planted seedlings will need shelter.

Growing peppers in a greenhouse

There are varieties of pepper for open ground, and there are those that can only be grown in greenhouses. Pepper varieties include Arnes, Accord, Alyonushka, Vesper, Bonus, Atlas, Pinocchio, Orange Miracle, Tenderness, Swallow, Night and others. First, the seeds are sown on seedlings, and when it grows and undergoes hardening procedures on a balcony or terrace, it is planted in greenhouse soil. We have just described the sowing of seeds and the stages of growing seedlings.

Planting peppers in a greenhouse carried out when the seedlings reach a height of 25 cm and an age of at least 55 days, it forms a thick green stem and 12-14 leaves each, in the axils of which buds have already formed. The soil in an unheated greenhouse should be warmed up to 15 ºC by the time the seedlings are placed in it, so transplanting is unlikely to take place before May 15.

The soil for pepper in the greenhouse before planting is fertilized with potash and phosphate fertilizers at the rate of 30 g of the first and 40 g of the second per m² and watered abundantly. The planting density of seedlings depends on the variety: between seedlings of vigorous varieties, it is necessary to leave 35 cm, between medium-sized seedlings, an interval of 25 cm is enough, and early-ripening, undersized varieties are planted at a distance of 15 cm from each other. The distance between the rows is from 35 to 60 cm. After planting the seedlings in the holes, the soil is compacted and mulched with peat.

Pepper Care

How to grow pepper

Growing pepper in open ground involves timely watering, weeding and loosening the site, garters and plant nutrition. Professionals recommend removing the central flower from the first branch on each bush - this should increase the yield of pepper. Also, to increase the yield, the bushes are formed into 2-3 stems, for which it is necessary to remove the resulting lateral shoots - stepchildren - in a timely manner. Do it in hot and necessarily humid weather. On one plant, you can leave no more than 20-25 fruits.

When planting seedlings of high varieties of pepper in the ground, drive in a peg immediately next to each seedling, to which, if necessary, you will tie a bush.

For successful pollination of pepper, it is necessary to attract pollinating insects to the site, for which the bushes are sprayed with boron-sugar syrup, dissolving 2 g of boric acid and 100 g of sugar in a liter of hot water. And refuse to treat the garden with pesticides from the moment the pepper blossoms, otherwise the insects that pollinate the pepper may die.

Watering pepper

After planting in open ground, the seedling looks somewhat lethargic, but this is quite natural, so it is very important not to overdo it with soil moisture at this time. Peppers should be watered once a week before flowering, and during the fruiting period, they will have to be watered twice a week at the rate of 6 liters of water per m². After watering, you need to very carefully loosen the soil between the rows, trying not to damage the surface root system of plants.

Peppers are watered with warm settled water from a watering can by sprinkling. From a lack of moisture, pepper slows down growth and can shed flowers and ovaries. To keep the soil moist, experienced gardeners recommend mulching the pepper area with a ten-centimeter layer of rotted straw.

Pepper dressing

After top dressing in the seedling stage, pepper in the open field is fertilized twice with a solution of chicken manure at a concentration of 1:10, and foliar top dressing is also used with a solution of a tablespoon of nitrophoska in a bucket of water. Twisted pepper leaves with a dry border around the edges will tell you that there is not enough potassium in the soil, but do not use potassium chloride as a fertilizer - pepper does not tolerate chlorine.

From nitrogen deficiency leaves become dull, gray shade and gradually become smaller, and from an excess of this element, the plant sheds ovaries and flowers. When the pepper lack of phosphorus, the underside of the leaf plate becomes rich purple, the leaves rise up and cling to the trunk.

From magnesium deficiency sweet pepper leaves become marbled. Be attentive to the plant, and you will be able to help it in time by making the necessary feeding.

Pepper processing

The fight against pepper diseases during the period of fruit ripening with pesticides is undesirable, since all the beneficial properties of the plant are leveled by nitrates absorbed after processing and other harmful to humans. chemicals. With proper care and adherence to agricultural technology, the type of problems with diseases or pests in pepper should not arise, but if they do appear, let's consider what measures will help get rid of them and at the same time keep the quality of the fruit at a high level.

Pests and diseases of pepper

Readers often ask questions about what pepper is sick with. Most often, sweet peppers are affected by such diseases as verticillosis (wilt), bronze (spotted wilt), phytoplasmosis, fusarium, late blight, vertex and gray rot, black leg.

Verticillosis- a fungal disease that exists in three forms: brown, green and dwarf, each of which manifests itself in its own way. Since the destruction of pathogens by pesticides on vegetable plants is undesirable, only preventive measures remain: the destruction of all plant residues in the fall and the cultivation of varieties resistant to verticillium.

Phytoplasmosis, or stolbur, manifested by the fact that the roots of the plant begin to rot, dwarfism develops, the fruits grow small, thin-walled and tasteless, the leaves twist, harden and turn yellow, as a result, the pepper dries. Carry cicada disease. The fight against phytoplasmosis is carried out by treating Akara pepper at the time of planting and three weeks after it - spraying the vegetable at this stage of development will not cause harm. In addition, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil in the area and remove weeds.

Fusarium- a fungal disease in which the pepper turns yellow: the leaves become poisonous yellow. Sick specimens are destroyed, the rest of the plants are diligently cared for: moderately watered in the morning, do not allow weeds to appear on the site. Keep in mind that in next year on a site infected with Fusarium, it is better not to grow pepper.

late blight- a common fungal disease that affects peppers and tomatoes. Symptoms of phytosporosis are the formation of hard spots on the fruits that capture the pulp. Destroy pathogens with drugs Oksikhom, Zaslon, Barrier, but only before the pepper begins to bloom. By the way: hybrid varieties are much less susceptible to disease.

Blackleg affects the basal part of the stem of pepper seedlings as a result of too dense sowing and maintenance at high soil and air humidity. Over time, the stalk softens, and the seedling dies. To avoid disease of seedlings with a black leg, you should sow seeds spaciously, dive seedlings in time and monitor the level of humidity in the greenhouse. If you find diseased shoots, immediately remove them, dry and loosen the soil in which the seedlings grow, and sprinkle it with wood ash. At this stage of plant development, it is permissible to spray the seedlings with a Barrier solution in the ratio: 3 caps of the drug per 1 liter of water.

Blossom rot occurs on the plant, oddly enough, in the case of a lack of moisture and manifests itself as shiny or black deep spots on the fruits. Sometimes the cause of the disease can be an excess of nitrogen and calcium in the soil. Infected plants are burned, and the rest are sprayed with calcium nitrate.

Gray rot can cause putrefactive stains and gray bloom mold every plant at any stage of development. Usually rainy weather provokes its appearance. Affected fruits and parts of the plant must be removed, and the bushes in the area should be sprayed with fungicides if it is not too late.

Signs of bronze or spotted wilt, look like brown spots on leaves acquiring a bronze or purple hue. These necrotic spots are located mainly along the main vein of the leaves. As a result of the development of the disease, the top of the plant dies, the fruits in the stalk area become covered with green, brown or pale yellow annular spots. To save the crop, ripe fruits are cut off, and the soil is no longer watered. The fungus is destroyed by Fundazol, however, before you treat the pepper with a fungicide, once again weigh all the pros and cons of such spraying.

Of the pests, aphids, spider mites, wireworms and slugs annoy the pepper. Nut shells, ground hot peppers or mustard powder can help protect the plant from slugs. You can also place bowls of dark beer here and there, to which the clams will crawl from all over the site. And do not forget to loosen the soil between the rows to a depth of 4-5 cm in the heat.

Click beetle larvae, or wireworms, remaining in the soil for five years, they gnaw on the roots of plants. To get rid of wireworms, in the fall they dig up the ground on the site, and in the spring, before planting pepper, they arrange several baits on the site, burying pieces of sweet root crops in the ground and marking these places for themselves. Nutcracker larvae will surely crawl to these baits. Every two or three days, the baits are dug up, the larvae are collected and destroyed.

Spider mites they start on plants in dry land, they settle on the underside of the leaves and suck out the cell sap from them. If you don’t know how to treat pepper from a tick without resorting to insecticides, we offer you a recipe for a solution that is non-toxic to the human body: a tablespoon liquid soap or dishwashing detergents along with a glass of finely chopped onion or garlic, as well as chopped dandelion leaves are mixed in 10 liters of water, let it brew and pepper is sprayed with this composition at any stage of its development.

From aphids get rid of wood ash or tobacco dust infused in 10 liters of hot water in the amount of one glass. You can also, if necessary, use the treatment of pepper with a solution of rapidly decomposing insecticides such as Karbofos or Keltan at the rate of: one tablespoon of the drug per 10 liters of water.

Collection and storage of pepper

Peppers have two types of ripeness - technical and biological (or physiological). At the stage of technical maturity, all peppers are usually green in color - from dark green to greenish-whitish. If the peppers on the bush are yellow, red, orange, purple or brown, then we can say that they are already at the stage of biological maturity, which means that the fruits taken from the bush must be used immediately - canned or eaten, as they are stored such peppers have a very short period of time.

Fruits harvested in a state of technical maturity can be stored for up to two months under suitable conditions. The time difference between technical and biological ripeness is 20-30 days. The readiness of pepper for harvesting is determined by the cod fruit during lung time clicking on it. And one more landmark: peppers are harvested at about the same time as eggplants and tomatoes.

Usually, the first fruits are harvested in early or mid-August, and peppers continue to be harvested until frost. That is, ripened fruits are removed selectively every 5-7 days. To better store the pepper, it is cut along with the stalk. During the growing season, three to five collections are carried out. Before the onset of frost, all fruits are removed from the bushes, and their further ripening takes place indoors, after sorting by size and degree of maturity.

Before laying for storage, the fruit stem is cut off, leaving a segment of only 1-1.5 cm. Only healthy thick-walled fruits that do not have mechanical damage are suitable for storage. Thin-walled varieties are stored in the refrigerator. Varieties with juicy walls can be kept in plastic bags not less than 120 microns thick, it is desirable that they have a membrane with perforation on the side wall. Peppers keep better if each fruit is wrapped in paper. You can store peppers in baskets, shallow boxes with 1-2 rows or on shelves in the basement with a temperature of 8-10 ºC and an air humidity of 80-90%.

Because peppers absorb odors quickly, make sure nothing in your basement is moldy or decaying. Pepper storage right conditions allows it to stay fresh for one and a half to two months. You can store sweet peppers for a month in the refrigerator at a temperature of 9-10 ºC. Many housewives prefer, after washing the fruits and removing the testicles, put the peppers one inside the other and store them in the freezer all winter so that they can cook their favorite dishes from it at any time or add a slice or two to borscht or salad.

Those fruits that are not suitable for storage can be processed. They make excellent marinades, fragrant winter salads, borscht dressing.

Types and varieties of pepper

We have already mentioned that vegetable peppers can be sweet and bitter. We promised to tell you in detail about bitter pepper in a separate article. Sweet pepper is divided into the following varieties:

• bell pepper;
• tomato vegetable pepper;
• cone-shaped vegetable pepper;
• cylindrical vegetable pepper;
• bell-shaped vegetable pepper.

Among popular varieties There are outdoor peppers, greenhouse peppers, and container varieties that grow and bear fruit on a balcony or windowsill. Varieties also differ in terms of ripening: early varieties reach maturity in 80-100 days, mid-season varieties need a little more time to ripen - from 115 to 130 days, and late ones will need 140 or more days.

• Early peppers include varieties Zdorovye, Dobrynya Nikitich, Snow White, Swallow, as well as hybrids Atlantic, Orange Miracle, Montero, Cardinal, Denis.
• Of the mid-season varieties, Prometheus, Ilya Muromets, Korenovsky, Belozerka, Maxim and Vitamin hybrids are considered the best.
• Of the later varieties, the variety has proven itself well gold medal and hybrid Nochka.

By the way, What is the difference between "variety" and "hybrid"? Hybrid seeds do not retain varietal characteristics, so it is pointless to collect seeds from hybrid varieties; you will have to buy the seed material of the hybrids you like every year. But hybrid varieties are characterized by high yields, large fruits with excellent palatability in addition, they are very disease resistant.

Pepper varieties also differ in size and shape of the fruit, and this is very important, because for stuffing, for example, you need a thick-walled pepper large size oval or spherical shape, and for salads, you can use other varieties, with thinner walls and smaller sizes. In shape, sweet pepper fruits are elongated, cuboid, cone-shaped, oval, spherical and cylindrical. They can be both smooth and tuberculate.

And, of course, pepper varieties differ in the color of the fruit in the phase of biological ripening. Varieties such as Alyosha Popovich, Red Elephant, Swallow, Ilya Muromets, Winnie the Pooh and hybrids Dawn, Latino and Red Baron have red fruits. Yellow-fruited peppers are represented by varieties Katyusha, Yellow bouquet and hybrids Raisa, Isabella, Indalo. The Maxim hybrid has a purple color during technical maturation and dark red during biological. The hybrid Cardinal has fruits purple, in the Bonus variety, fruits from ivory to dark red, in the Apricot Favoritka variety and the Chanterelle hybrid, ripe fruits are bright orange.

We offer you several popular varieties of pepper, among which you will surely find those that you want to grow at home.

• fat baron – early ripe variety with sweet red cube-shaped fruits weighing up to 300 g. 8-9 fruits ripen on a spherical bush 50-60 cm high.
• red shovel- a bush up to 70 cm high, on which up to 15 red sweet fruits weighing up to 150 g and wall thickness up to 8 mm ripen.
• California miracle- A well-deserved mid-early variety that has been tested for decades, which needs about 75 days to ripen from the moment the seedlings are planted in the ground. The height of the bush is up to 80 cm, the fruits are red, thick-walled, weighing up to 250 g.
• yellow bell- one of the earliest disease-resistant varieties, which needs only 65-70 days to ripen. The height of the bushes is 70-80 cm, the fruits are golden yellow, cuboid, up to 12 cm high and in diameter, the wall thickness is 8-10 cm.
• Hybrid series Star of the East with thick-walled fruits weighing from 150 to 350 g, mostly early term ripening with fruits of white, white with red, golden and chocolate color.

After this article, they usually read

Pepper is a member of the nightshade family. It contains many vitamins necessary for the human body. Sweet peppers contain significantly more vitamin C than tangerines, oranges and lemons. It is not difficult to grow it on the site, the main thing: the correct planting of pepper, temperature conditions and timely watering.

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Planting pepper seeds for seedlings

For you need to select and prepare the seeds, as well as choose the soil and capacity.

Preplant selection and seed preparation

For planting, the most filled seed is selected:

1. To do this, it is placed in clean water.
2. Within 1-2 min. stir.
3. Then the water is drained with substandard seeds that have floated to the surface.

Before planting pepper with seeds, the following operations are carried out:

1. For 20 minutes, disinfect with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate (300 g of solution per 100 g of seeds).
2. Wash the seed with clean water.
3. Keep the seeds for 24 hours in warm water (+25 ºС).
4. Then they spread it on burlap and cover it with a damp cloth, periodically pouring water over it.
5. When the seed pecks and starts to grow, it is aired, slightly dried and sown.

Substrate selection

The nutrient mixture for growing seedlings consists of soddy soil and humus in equal amounts by volume.

To this soil mixture add such min. fertilizers (per 1 m3):

• 0.8 kg of ammonium nitrate;
• 1.5 kg of superphosphate;
• 0.8 kg of potassium salt.

Choosing a container for seedlings

Peppers grow well in transparent disposable cups with a volume of 350-450 ml. At the bottom, you can make a drainage hole with a hot nail or a knitting needle. Excess water will not linger in the glass.

Pepper seedlings are best planted immediately in a separate container, as the plants do not tolerate transplantation well.

Determination of the seed planting pattern

The scheme of planting seeds of sweet pepper:

• 6x4 cm in boxes or greenhouses;
• 1-2 seeds per cup.

Landing process step by step

The procedure for planting sweet pepper:

1. In small separate cups, germinated seeds are placed 1-2 pieces per well and lightly pressed.
2. Watered with warm water.
3. Cover with plastic wrap or glass.

Aftercare

Throughout the entire period of growing seedlings, they maintain an optimal water regime, avoiding waterlogging. Watering is done in one or two days (6-8 liters of water per 1 m2), and after the formation of 5 true leaves - every day in the morning.

The temperature regime depends on the age of the seedlings:

1. Before emergence, maintain t + 25ºC.
2. Temperature + 15ºC - within 5-7 days after germination.
3. In the future - + 20- + 26ºC during the day, + 10- + 15ºC at night.

One to two weeks before planting, the seedlings are hardened off. Limit watering and take seedlings outside, or open shelters. First, only during the day, and 2 days before disembarkation for the whole day.

It is possible to harden seedlings of sweet pepper when the seedlings have 5 true leaves and there is no threat of spring frosts.

Instructions for planting pepper seedlings in open ground

On the eve of planting, seedlings are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid to prevent various diseases. Before sampling, seedlings are watered abundantly in order to preserve the root system as much as possible. In addition, development is poor in wilted seedlings, then the buds fall, as a result of which the yield is sharply reduced.

Choosing a place to land

Pepper is picky about heat, so it is placed on a site with the following characteristics:

• good warming up;
• wind protection;
• good illumination.

If there is no protection from the wind, you can create a rocker protection from tall plants (sunflower, corn) or build windbreaks in the form of wattle.

When planting pepper in open ground, all types of the nightshade family are bad predecessors for it:

• potato;
• tomatoes;
• pepper;
• physalis;
• eggplant.

To avoid many specific diseases, experienced gardeners recommend planting pepper 3 years after nightshade.

Good Precursors for Peppers:

• cucumbers;
• pumpkin;
• zucchini;
• cabbage;
• beet;
• carrot;
• peas;
• beans;
• beans.

When and how should seedlings be planted?

We plant pepper seedlings in open ground in the first decade of May, when the threat of spring frosts has passed.

Time of day for planting seedlings:

• second half of the day, in the late afternoon - in sunny weather;
• throughout the day - in cloudy.

Pepper Planting Scheme:

• 70X30 cm - for tall varieties;
• 60x20 cm - for undersized.

Recommendations for the correct planting of seedlings in open ground

Having freed the seedlings from pots, they are placed vertically in previously prepared holes. Planting depth - according to the first true leaf (on the part of the stem that turns out to be underground, additional roots are formed).

Watering and loosening

To get a high yield of pepper, you need to maintain optimal humidity soil. Before planting, 2 liters of water heated in the sun are added to each well. After planting, pepper is watered at intervals of 2-3 days under the root, spending 1-2 liters of water per plant, and in dry and hot weather, irrigation is carried out daily. A week later, the plantings are checked and instead of the dead plants, reserve plants are planted, the soil is moistened, but less water is consumed.

Bulgarian vegetable growers say that during this period they do the so-called "thin" watering - moisturizing in small doses.

Further, the irrigation rate is 40-50 liters per 1 m2 (5-7 liters of water for each plant). To prevent the soil from drying out and to prevent its cracking, subsequent moistening is done at intervals of 6-10 days. During harvesting, the frequency of irrigation is reduced to 4-6 days. If there is heavy rainfall, a longer period between waterings is also possible.

The first 2 weeks after planting the pepper, loosening is not carried out so that the plants adapt to the new place. Then the soil is loosened after each irrigation, or rain, as soon as it dries up, but has not yet had time to form a hard crust. During the period of mass flowering, pepper plants are hilled.

The depth of soil loosening around pepper plants is no more than 6-8 cm. Since the root system of this plant is located close to the soil surface, deeper loosening damages it.

Aftercare: top dressing, pruning and pest control

Pepper, after landing in open ground, is fed three times:

1. 12-15 days after planting seedlings.
2. During the period of mass formation of fruits.
3. The last - 15-20 after the second.

Ingredients for Peppers:

• water - 10 l;
• bird droppings - 1 kg;
• 40-60 g of superphosphate;
• 150-200 g of wood ash.

Feeding consumption - 1 liter per plant. If by autumn the pepper plants are early and early varieties give small fruits, it is necessary to carry out the fourth feeding.

For all varieties of pepper, pruning is subject to:

• barren fattening shoots;
• lower branches and stepchildren;
• crooked, broken, inward-growing shoots.

When forming, only tall varieties and hybrids are subject. They need to be loaded with side shoots. To force the plant to bush, pinch the top on the main stems at a level of 25-30 cm from the soil level and remove the crown buds. The basis of the pepper bush will be 4-5 skeletal branches of the first order. The rest are cut off.

The main pests of pepper and methods for their prevention:

Pests	Description	Prevention
greenhouse whitefly	In open ground appears in the second half of June. On the leaf surface, the mite leaves bright dots - punctures, especially noticeable on the outside of the leaf. Then a slight “marbling” appears on the sheet, and a well-marked cobweb appears on the reverse side of the sheet. At high t (28-35°C) and violation of the water regime, this process is accelerated and the pepper may die in 2-3 weeks.	cleaning of plant residues; resettlement of a useful predatory mite - phytoseiulus; disinfection of greenhouses and greenhouses with bleach (200 g per 10 liters of water); spraying plants during the growing season with infusions of herbs recommended against aphids.
Aphid

Planting pepper seedlings in open ground and the survival of seedlings can only be successful if certain important conditions are taken into account.

When to plant seedlings

If the seedling has 3-4 leaves, it is ready for planting in open ground or an unheated greenhouse. Further, the landing time is determined by climatic and weather.Heat-loving peppers at temperatures below + 15 ° C stop growing and developing and suffer greatly from changes in night and day temperatures and return frosts.

It is impossible to plant pepper in cold ground, it is better to wait until the air temperature rises above + 15 ° C, and the soil warms up to + 10-12 ° C. The most suitable time for planting peppers in open ground in the middle climatic zone is mid-May - the first decade of June.

A couple of weeks before planting, they begin to gradually accustom it to both spring coolness and direct sunlight, from which pepper suffers no less.

Planting is best placed on a sunny bed, located on the south side of the site and protected from strong winds, as peppers need good lighting and do not like drafts.

If the pepper will grow in open ground, make it warm for it - raise it at least 30 cm from general level soil in the garden.

While there is a risk of return frosts, grow peppers under temporary film cover or lutrasil stretched over arcs: this way the peppers will be protected from the cold, and from the wind, and from too bright sun and retain moisture.

It is even more reliable to grow peppers in unheated polycarbonate, they allow you to plant seedlings 2-3 weeks earlier than in open ground, sometimes in April, which means that the harvest will be earlier.

Peppers need a light, fertilized, loose, weed-free soil so that the weak, fragile, compared to other nightshade, root system can better supply the developing plant with food, and the pepper can quickly adapt to new conditions.

Before planting, the seedlings need to be watered: moist soil will make it easy to get the plants out of the cups and plant them on the prepared bed without damaging the root system. Pepper planting scheme 40x40 cm. This area will be enough for him to develop and bear fruit.

The holes are made spacious enough so that a clod of earth with a seedling can easily fit in them. Planting in nests gives a good harvest when 2-3 seedlings are planted in one large hole. And since pepper is a culture both bee-pollinated and cross-pollinated, the close placement of plants contributes to better pollination, and hence an increase in productivity. The planting scheme in this case changes to 50-60x50-60 to increase the area of ​​plant nutrition in the nest.

Before planting, depending on the plants planted in it, add 1-2 tablespoons to each well. potash fertilizer. Then the hole is completely filled with water, the water is allowed to soak, and only then the spilled seedlings are planted with a clod of earth.

A strong deepening of the root neck retards the growth of the plant, it is better to leave the level at which the seedlings grew earlier, deepening to the cotyledon leaves is conditionally acceptable. The earth around the seedling should be compacted, water the plantings with water, it is better to tie up the tall ones.

Pepper Care

The ground in the garden with peppers must be constantly loosened and weeded, especially after rain or watering. It is advisable to mulch the plantings in open ground, this will positively affect the condition of the plants and facilitate their care.

Pepper bushes do not tolerate drying out of the soil and need, but at the same time they cannot be over-filled so as not to cause diseases of the root system. For irrigation, it is better to use settled water, mineral fertilizers can be added to it, combining watering with top dressing.

Within 10 days after planting, the seedlings, as a rule, fully take root, and the first leaves appear on them. This is a sign that it is time to feed the plantings with mineral fertilizers. For these purposes, you can use (for 10 liters of water 1 glass of ash) or a mixture of urea, potash fertilizer and superphosphate diluted in 10 liters of water. Pour 1 glass under the bush. In the future, top dressing is carried out every 10-14 days, alternating mineral with organic (compost or herbal infusion diluted in water in a ratio of 1:10).

Pepper is a demanding crop, before starting the cultivation of which you need to study all the nuances of this process. Correct fit and care in the open field will help to get a rich and healthy harvest of this vegetable.

Basic requirements for cultivation

Pepper is considered a demanding crop, so high-quality fruits can only be harvested if necessary conditions cultivation. Experienced gardeners enjoy good harvests every year, but beginners face some problems. Even on strong and healthy bushes only a couple of poor quality fruits grow, or the ovaries fall off. To get a rich harvest, you should learn the key rules for growing this vegetable.

The process of growing pepper should take place under the following conditions:

• quality material for planting;
• proper site selection and soil preparation;
• proper timing of planting permanent place;
• providing culture with the necessary care.

When growing, care should be taken to ensure that the seedlings develop at the correct temperature, are provided with sufficient lighting, moisture and fertilizer.

How to grow seedlings?

Gardeners who do not have a greenhouse start planting seeds in February. Subject to the deadlines in May, the seedlings will be about 90-100 days old. Pepper has a negative attitude to diving, so planting grains should be done in peat pot, whose diameter is 8-10 cm. Larger containers are inappropriate, so the roots develop slowly. You can also plant in a coco substrate or in soil with a hydrogel that helps maintain moisture.

The soil mixture for pepper should have a loose structure. A composition of two parts of humus is welcome, to which 1 share of sand and 1 part of soil are added. For every kilogram of such a substrate, one large spoonful of ash will be required.

The ground must contain neutral level of acidity. Otherwise, liming will be required. In the loam, you can add a little rotted peat and sand. Humus and soddy soil are added to peat soil. For sandy soil, you will need some sawdust with humus.

For seeds, preplant treatment should be carried out, which consists in soaking in water. The future pepper will be in the water for about five hours, temperature regime which is 50 degrees. Then the grains are placed in a moistened cloth for a couple of days. The temperature in the room should reach 20 degrees Celsius. With the help of such events, pepper will begin to rise on next day after landing.

It will also require disinfection of grains. For this, a manganese solution is used, in which the future pepper is soaked for 30 minutes. This is followed by rinsing in tap water. Many agricultural technicians use special growth stimulants. The Epin tool has proven itself well.

The sown pepper should be watered and placed on the surface of the container under a film or glass. Until shoots appear, it is necessary to provide a warm temperature. Lighting does not play an important role, so you can leave future seedlings in the dark. When the seedlings appear on the surface, during the daytime there should be a temperature of 26-28 degrees Celsius. For the night, 10-15 degrees is enough.

Excess moisture can cause blackleg (a common disease). However, drying out of the soil mixture is unacceptable. Seedlings should be watered only with warm water, the temperature of which is 30 degrees. If you use a cold liquid, the seedlings will become weak, start to hurt, which can lead to their death. Experienced gardeners monitor the condition of the air in the room. Dryness should not be allowed, for this reason the seedlings should be sprayed and the room ventilated.

To grow good seedlings, you need to follow a few rules:

• Ensuring adequate humidity levels in the room. This is achieved by simple spraying or a special humidifier.
• Periodically, the room should be ventilated. You should act carefully so that the seedlings do not suffer from a draft. Some gardeners resort to sheltering seedlings for a period of airing.
• Auxiliary lighting is created using phytolamps or fluorescent bulbs.

Seedlings will need auxiliary light. In February, you need to cover it from 7-21 hours. Before moving the seedlings into open ground, hardening will be required, carefully accustoming the plants to sunlight, low temperatures and street weather. To this end, the seedlings are placed outside and carefully increase the period of stay in the new conditions. When hardening, you need to monitor the weather and exclude contact of pepper with frost and low temperature conditions.

How and when to plant?

Peppers need to grow in soil light type. Preparatory activities for the site should be made a year before disembarkation. It will be necessary to apply 5 kg of additives of animal origin under the previous plants (this dose is calculated per square meter of plantings). In autumn, 50 g of phosphates are added and the territory is deeply dug up. In the spring season, ammonium nitrate (40 g) is added to the upper layers of the soil.

Five days before the moment when seedlings will be planted in open ground, care should be taken to decontaminate the earth. The procedure is carried out with a mixture of blue vitriol. One large spoonful of the substance is required for one bucket of water.

Bushes should be transplanted to a permanent place of residence in May (end of the month) or in mid-June. When landing, the 40x40 pattern must be observed. It is permissible to place seedlings in greenhouses without heating in early April. For tunnel shelters, you should wait until the end of spring.

When planting in the holes, you should try to plant the pepper to a depth that is identical to the depth in the seedling container. It is important to properly plant the plant without damaging the roots. You can not leave the root system open, drop the root collar. Pepper does not like cold soil, so the beds should be raised by 30-60 cm.

Pepper is susceptible to pollination, therefore when planting several varieties on the site, seedlings should be located at a great distance from each other. If possible, tall tomatoes, corn or sunflowers should be planted between sweet and other types of bushes.

Landing Rules

A favorable period for transplanting peppers is cloudy weather conditions. At this point, the young bush will not suffer from exposure to sunlight and will quickly adapt to the new territory. Planting is carried out in recesses, the distance between which will depend on the variety used. The distance between a short crop should be 40 cm, for tall plants - 60 cm, for bitter ones - 25 cm. If 2 pieces are placed in a hole at once, the planting pattern will be 60x60.

At self-cultivation seedlings before transplanting it to a permanent place, water the soil well. This makes it easier to pull out the earthen clod. Experienced gardeners, before diving, spray the seedlings with Arrow, which provides protection against aphids.

If the soil is endowed with nutrients, it will be enough just to water the hole and place the seedling in it. With a lack of components in the hole, you need to add rotted compost, ash and superphosphates. After that, you can start watering and plant the plant. At the last stage, the earth is mulched.

How to care?

In order for the pepper to give enviable yields, he will need to provide proper care. It is concluded in competent agricultural technology, which consists of several stages.

Frost protection

Gardeners living in the central part and in the northern regions often wonder what to do if frosts suddenly return. The question is relevant, because the pepper does not tolerate a cold snap and can die. Experienced gardeners study the weather forecast in advance so that frosts are not a surprise to them.

Pepper is a plant that reacts painfully to the return of cold weather. The plant begins to decrease immunity, because of which it is exposed to diseases. If seedlings were hardened before planting in open ground, pepper will be able to more easily cope with climatic stresses. Fertile soil makes it possible to endure frosts with less loss, but additional protection is still required.

The following protection methods are used:

• sprinkling and watering method;
• smoke;
• bush cover.

Sprinkling consists in the appearance of an ice crust of small thickness on the bush. She will act as a defense. For sprinkling, simply spray the plants with water.

Smoke is considered enough in a complicated way, which is allowed to resort only in calm weather. The use of this method is relevant if the temperature has not dropped below -4 degrees. Smoke piles measuring 1x1.5 m should be placed throughout the site. They can consist of firewood and branches (base), straw with leaves (middle) and earth (top layer). Equipped piles are burned every night until the weather gets warmer.

The shelter of the bushes consists in the construction of special tents. They can be created from any material at hand: boxes, old clothes, plywood and other garbage. Such structures are cleaned every morning. If cold weather is protracted, you can use plastic wrap.

Temperature

The temperature must be controlled. Pepper will feel good at 20-25 degrees. If the thermometer drops below 13 degrees, you will need to create a shelter for the seedlings. If you neglect this rule, the bushes will begin to shed their ovaries.

Watering

Pepper bushes should be watered with settled water, the temperature of which is 24-26 degrees. Until flowering occurs, you need to moisten the soil once a week. The liquid consumption is 12 liters per square meter. If there is a strong heat, watering is increased up to two times. When flowering and fruiting, seedlings need to be watered three times a week. The dosage is increased to 14 liters per square meter.

loosening

The root system of pepper bushes is too tender, so the plants need periodic loosening. With its help, the roots get required amount air.

Features of loosening.

• The first time it is carried out at a shallow depth (up to 10 cm). You can not loosen the soil earlier than two weeks after transplanting into open ground.
• Further procedures should be performed after each rain and watering to prevent the formation of a hard crust.
• During flowering, the soil should be earthed up after each loosening.

Formation

In order for pepper to please its owners with large fruits, each bush should be formed. The procedure is to remove excess shoots. All stepchildren that are located after the first branching must be removed entirely. They do not carry any benefit and only take nutrients from the plant, interfering with the fruiting process.

Thinning the crown will help each branch get enough air and light. Thickened bushes are not able to form many ovaries and are distinguished by small fruits. Pruning is done every two weeks. In rainy weather, the procedure will need to be done every 10 days. At the same time, the soil should be loosened so as not to disturb the seedlings once again.

Pepper has fairly fragile shoots, so inaccurate actions can lead to injury to the bush. To avoid damage, experienced gardeners resort to tying tall plants to support posts.

What to feed?

Feeding pepper should be resorted to even before transplanting into open soil. Timely top dressing makes it possible to grow high-quality and strong plants with large quantity large and healthy fruits. Seedlings need to be fed with nettle infusion. It is easy to prepare using one particle of nettle and ten parts of water. The resulting mixture should be infused for two days.

During the entire growing season, plants will need at least three feedings. The first portion will be required 14 days after planting. For her, you can use liquid mullein or chicken manure.

Flowering bushes should be fed with a mixture of herbs. To do this, you can use the foliage of dandelions, wood lice, coltsfoot, nettle and plantain. All of the listed herbs are crushed and mixed with a bucket of liquid mullein and 10 large spoons of ash. Then the mixture is diluted in a container with water (100 l) and left for 10 days. For each seedling, 1 liter of the mixture is required. Such actions saturate the pepper with nutrients and make it more resistant to negative factors.

For intensively growing seedlings, the following top dressing will be required:

• nitrophoska (250 g);
• cow dung (5 l);
• water (100 l).

This solution should be infused for 7 days. One bush requires 1.5 liters of nutrient mixture. After a couple of weeks, you can start the second feeding, which consists of 0.5 buckets of chicken manure, a glass of urea, 1 bucket of mullein. The mixture should be infused in 100 liters of water for a week. For each square meter, about 5 liters will be required.

The appearance of pepper can tell what substances it lacks:

• if the leaves turn white, this indicates a lack of nitrogen;
• twisted leaves signal a potassium deficiency;
• a purple hue indicates a lack of phosphorus.

During the cultivation of pepper, one should monitor its condition and alternate organic and mineral types of additives.

Harvest and storage

At the time of harvesting the fruit, it should be understood that there are two types of maturity:

• technical;
• biological.

If immediate use of sweet peppers is planned, assembly should begin when the peppers have acquired a rich color. This is biological maturity. For storage and transportation, you need to pick more green fruits. This phase is called the technical phase.

For sharp varieties, the rule works: the redder, the sharper. Connoisseurs of spicy dishes harvest after full ripening. Lovers of aroma can pick off the fruit during technical maturity.

Sweet and burning varieties peppers belong to Solanaceae. Such crops are considered demanding with respect to the place of cultivation, as well as the choice of predecessor plants. Pepper is also critical of the neighborhood. To get high-quality fruits, you should read the advice of experienced people, which talk about which vegetables you can grow peppers next to.

The best neighbor for pepper is bush type beans, as well as legumes. Pests attacking peppers are afraid of the smell legume, so plants are less likely to be exposed to various diseases. At the same time, the bushes do not show competition for useful components and do not tend to interfere with each other. For legumes, nitrogenous fertilizers are used, which are also necessary for peppers.

It is undesirable to plant pepper next to nightshade varieties of plants. Tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes cannot grow on the same bed. Such cultures should be located at different ends of the site. This is due to the fact that the listed vegetables suffer from identical diseases, so there is a high risk of death of the entire crop.

You can not place sweet peppers along with hot bushes. This is due to the fact that the plants are prone to cross-pollination, resulting in a sweet variety with a bitter aftertaste.

To prevent soil depletion, to avoid attacks by pests and various kinds of diseases, plants should alternate over the site so that they return to their original place no earlier than three years later.

Peppers grow well after cruciferous plants. This suggests that seedlings can be combined with cabbage. You can also plant after pumpkin crops (zucchini and cucumbers), legumes (soybeans, beans), small seeds (dill, carrots).

You should also familiarize yourself with the basic tips from gardeners, thanks to which you can grow a good harvest.

Under the pepper, you need to choose a container whose height is about 10-12 cm. This is due to the fact that the pepper is planted at a greater depth compared to the tomato.

Variety selection should be made based on the region in which planting is planned. If there is a cool or short summer in the climatic zone, it is better to pay attention to undersized varieties or hybrids. If you have a good greenhouse, you can choose any variety.

Pepper loves heat, so it should not be left on the windowsill next to the glass. At the same time, he loves warmth, although he is not prone to stretching, unlike tomatoes. During the opening of the cotyledon leaf at the point of growth, the development program is laid. If there is not enough light at this moment, then instead of a fork with the first bud, leaves will form, which will lead to a later ovary and the appearance of fruits.

When a couple of leaves appear on the seedlings, it is advisable to resort to spraying once every 10 days with the help of the "Spring Cocktail" or "Healthy Garden". You will need a couple of grains of the product per 1 liter of water. These funds have a positive effect on seedlings and nourish them with useful components.

If there is a flowering process, but ovaries do not appear on the bushes, then the pepper is in uncomfortable conditions. The reason may be a high level of humidity, elevated temperatures, cooling. To restore the process, you should use the "Bud" or "Ovary" tool. Processing should take place in the morning.

When choosing a permanent place of residence for pepper, you should give preference to sunny areas where there is no wind. If the weather is hot outside, the culture will need shading. It will be useful to mulch the soil with rotted straw, which will keep the soil moisture level in the required state.

Pepper is susceptible to the length of daylight hours. Such a plant begins to bear fruit early if the daylight hours last less than 12 hours. This quality allows you to get a stable and high yield.

For information on how to plant peppers in open ground, see the video below.