Types of roofs of private houses and their shapes. Types of roofs of private houses by design and geometric shapes. Mansard roof of a private house. Photos and descriptions of structures

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Modern buildings are very diverse architectural solutions. If previously almost all buildings were of the same type, now it is difficult to find two similar ones among them. The roof design can also be different. The question of what types of roofs there are is of interest to everyone who has decided to build a house. When choosing a roofing option, you should pay attention not only to its attractiveness, but also to its functionality.

All types of roof structures differ not only in appearance, but also in functional features. There is no ideal option: each type of roofing structure has advantages and disadvantages.

Classification by slope angle

According to the angle of inclination of the slopes, all types of roofing are divided into the following two types: flat and pitched.

A flat roof is the simplest; it rests on walls of the same height and has virtually no slope. Such roofs have a slope angle of 2.5-3%. The main disadvantage of flat roofs is that due to the small slope, the drainage of melt and rain water is difficult, and as a result, it soon begins to leak. You have to remove snow from these roofs yourself.

Flat roofs are almost never used for the construction of private households. They are more functional for outbuildings and multi-storey buildings. But they have one advantage that other types of roofing cannot boast of: you can arrange a flower garden and even a swimming pool on top - the main thing is that the supporting structures can withstand this load.

For construction country houses and cottages usually use pitched roofs. The slope angle of such roofs is more than 10%. Melt and rainwater are easily removed from sloped surfaces; at a large slope angle, snow does not linger on them.

Classification by design

According to their structural design, roofs are either attic or attic. The first option involves combining it with the main room, and the ceiling of the last floor is the load-bearing roof structures. Attic roofs are not connected to the main room; they can be insulated or cold.

Based on the type of ventilation, attic roofs are divided into:

unventilated;
ventilated;
partially ventilated.

Roofs can also be used or not used.

Classification by geometric shape

The types of roof coverings based on their geometric shape are as follows.

One pitched roofs . Consist of a single plane. Their rafter system rests on the outer walls of the building, which are located at different heights (more details: ""). Due to this, a slope is formed. Roofs with one slope are easy to construct and do not require large financial costs. But they are mainly used in the construction of various outbuildings. Types of roofing for a roof with one slope can be different: the choice of roofing materials is very wide. For pitched roofs you can use tiles, slate, metal tiles, metallic profile, roofing felt, ondulin, etc. (more details: " "). Rainwater and snow do not linger on such a surface; in addition, precipitation flows in one direction, thus creating storm sewer relieved. The main disadvantages of pitched roofs are the lack of an attic space and a small selection of design solutions.

Gable roofs . They are in demand in the construction of private houses - their design consists of two slopes resting on load-bearing walls of the same height. This type of roof is also called gable roof. (read also: " ") The gap between two slopes (gables, gables) has the shape of a triangle. As for the construction itself, it is more complicated than creating a lean-to version, but simpler than other types of cottage roofs.

A gable roof is reliable, drains rain and melt water, snow well, and can withstand strong wind loads. In addition, it looks much more interesting than a pitched roof. For gable structures, you can use different roofing materials.

Mansard roofs - This is a type of gable. But the roof slopes themselves are characterized by broken lines. Another option for the name of such roofs is “broken”, since the slopes can be refracted at different angles. The presence of a fracture increases the area and volume of the attic space, which is subsequently used as housing and is called an attic.

Therefore, this version of the roof structure is called “attic”. Its pediments have the shape of a pentagon. The design of such a roof has certain features, but it can be built easily and quickly. you can come up with quite a lot. They are preferred to be built much more often than other types of roofs one-story houses.

Thermal insulation is important, since the attic is built into the roof. Accordingly, the temperature in such a room will depend on the quality of thermal insulation. If it is done according to all the rules, then you can live in the attic even in winter. Otherwise, the room under the roof can only be used in summer.

As for the height of the roof with an attic, it should not be less than 2.2 meters. Otherwise, there will be inconvenience when moving along it.

These roofs use a double tie beam rafter system. Their shape facilitates the rapid and efficient removal of snow and water from the roof. Tilt angles hip roofs are 45 degrees. They can withstand strong winds well. Due to the large angle of inclination hipped roof need to be equipped with drains. It is better to entrust the construction of such a roof to specialists, since it requires a complex rafter system. If you do not adhere to the exact parameters, the roof will not last long.

The types of roofing for this type of roof can be different. Both light and heavy roofing materials can be used. It should be taken into account that the second roofing materials last longer, plus they have better thermal insulation. But at the same time, the use of such roofing products requires the creation of reinforced rafter system. Most often, hip roofs are built in the southern regions.

Half hip roof . These are ordinary hip roofs with truncated slopes triangular shape. At the base of the house there is a regular polygon or square, so all four slopes have the shape of a triangle, and their vertices converge at one point. A pyramid-shaped roof can decorate any building. The installation of this type of roof is as complicated as the installation of hip roofs. It is also better to entrust their construction to specialists. Read also: "

Also, such roofs are used to create a ceiling for part of a building or even an entire building. Dome roofs are created from bent frame elements. The following types of roofing materials are used for the roof: soft (roofing felt, glass-insulated tiles) and flexible (galvanized steel sheets, plastic tiles).

Currently, you can see the most various options coverings. There is a wide variety of roofing types. Every person can choose for their home suitable option roofing and type of roofing material. Any method of creating a roof has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing the type of roofing and roofing material, you need to take into account not only external beauty, but also functional differences. Continuation: " ".

The choice of a specific roof and roofing must be made at the design stage of the building. Modern technologies and building materials allow architects to create a huge variety of solutions, both design features, as well as the coatings and technologies used. When choosing a specific solution, a large number of factors influencing the roof elements are taken into account. Despite such a variety of roof types and designs, they all have several common elements.

Roof element name	Short description
	It can be flat, single-slope, gable, multi-slope hip, complex, domed, etc. The rafters themselves can be layered and hanging, whole or extendable.
	Depending on the type of roofing materials, it can be solid or lattice. Some roofs have a special ventilation counter-lattice.
	Used during the installation of warm roofs, it consists of a vapor barrier layer, insulation and wind protection.
	It can be rolled or pieced, made from natural or artificial materials. Roofing materials have a significant impact on its cost and complexity of roofing work.

The table shows only general names; each type of roof has its own additional elements. Roofs may have windows and gables, gutters and other engineering structures.

Let's look at the most commonly used roof elements using the example of one of the most complex structures - hip roof with a bay window.

The roof in question does not have gables, the main part is covered with a gable hip, the bay window has a hip roof.

Pediments

Pediment is the front part of a wall of various shapes. On the sides it is limited by two slopes, in the lower part by a cornice. Pediments are most often made from the same building materials as facade walls, but there are other options for constructing these elements.

IN Lately The geometric appearance of the pediments has expanded significantly; now you can find the following forms:

keel-shaped - reminiscent of an overturned ship;
onion-shaped - the shape of a bow;
semicircular - a vertex with a circular end;
interrupted - there is a horizontal cornice for inserting a window;
male - made of logs as a continuation of the crown section of the wall;
stepped - the size of the steps decreases upward;
trapezoidal - pediment in the form of a regular trapezoid.

On ordinary buildings, gables most often have a traditional triangular shape.

The part of the roof located between the outer rafters. May have the shape of a trapezoid, rectangle, triangle, etc.

IN apartment buildings roofs are most often single-pitched flat, slope - concrete slab ceilings Such roofs have roll coverings, and in some cases they can be used. They make winter gardens, recreation areas, swimming pools and other elements to improve the comfort of living.

The part of the building protruding beyond the projection of the facade with its own separate roof. The roof of a bay window can be semicircular, rectangular or multi-faceted. In our example, the bay window is symmetrical and located exactly in the middle of the facade wall. The dimensions of the building are 11x13.5 m. The rafter legs and vertical supports rest on the mauerlats and beds.

It is made of boards or timber, fixed along the perimeter of the facade walls or to a specially prepared reinforcing belt. The lower ends of the rafter legs rest on the Mauerlat. The element must be firmly fixed; if the masonry materials of the facade walls do not have high levels of physical strength, then a reinforcing belt must be installed under the Mauerlat. In cobblestone houses, the upper crown is used as a mauerlat. Metal or wooden dowels are used to prevent walls from crawling large diameter and length, they connect several crowns of the house together.

Made from timber or boards, attached to load-bearing interior partitions directly to the masonry materials or armored belt, serves as a support for various stops of the rafter system.

Between the walls and wooden elements Waterproofing should always be installed; ordinary roofing material is considered a universal and best option. If you have extra money and a desire to spend it, you can buy modern mastics based on modified bitumen. The construction effect is the same, the financial effect is much different from the option with roofing felt.

Prices for timber

This architectural element can be applied to both the ceiling and the roof. The fact is that many supports of the rafter system rest on these beams; without them, the construction of complex roofs is impossible.

The distance between the beams is selected taking into account standard sizes insulation materials. When installing these elements, you should take into account the features of the bay window roof; the beams must hold everything rafter legs. The corner beams of the bay window are located on the bisector of the corner, otherwise the roof and the overhang of the cornice will be asymmetrical. Placed on mauerlats and beds or on walls.

Cornice

The element that separates the vertical plane of the wall from the plane of the roof is called a cornice.

May have several varieties.

Order cornice. It comes forward sharply and hangs strongly over parts of the facade, performing the function of protecting them from precipitation.
Gezims. The cornice has the form of a strip divided into several longitudinal projections and depressions; it can be located either directly under the roof or between floors as a decorative element of the building facade.

If the building has a wooden cornice, then it is recommended to hem it with boards immediately after installing the beams; this greatly simplifies the work on the further construction of the rafter system. In addition, the cornice itself is also much easier to hem immediately after installing the beams. Once the floor beams and cornice are ready, you can begin installing the support frame.

One of the most important load-bearing elements of the roof. Consists of vertical supports nailed to the beams and horizontal ridge girders. The dimensions of the support frame depend on the size of the roof; complex options may have several support frames: one is installed under the ridge, the rest in the very weak points rafter legs.

Horse

The joint line of the upper parts of the roof slopes. Simple roofs have only one edge, while complex elements have several.

The bay window is installed on the roof support frame special device– centering core.

Prices for different types of roofing ridges

Roofing ridge

All the rafters of the bay window roof converge on it. This is a centering element approximately 50 cm high and about thirty centimeters thick. It is made from solid lumps or laminated boards, serves as a support for the rafters, and is fixed on the vertical support of the bay window frame.

Main roof rafters

The most important and most famous element of the roof. They bear all the forces of the roof and are made of boards various sizes. The calculation is done at the house design stage. At the top, the rafters are fixed to each other or to the ridge board, they can rest against the ridge girder or have a separate support frame.

At the bottom, the rafter legs rest against the mauerlat and can be hanging on layers.

Hanging rafters. Used on small buildings and structures, they have only two points of support. At the top they rest against each other or against a ridge board located between the rafter legs. Below they rest against the mauerlat. Tightenings can be used to strengthen the structure. These are ordinary boards that fix two rafter legs in the upper part, thus preparing the simplest trusses.
Layered rafters. The name of the element means that the rafter legs overlap any additional supports. They can be placed in different places, be vertical or angular.

fillies

They are attached to the rafters, lengthen these elements, reduce the cost of the rafter system and improve its performance characteristics. To make fillies, thin boards can be used; significant forces are not applied to them. The fillies allow you to extend the slope beyond the wall to a considerable distance and additionally protect the gable walls from the negative effects of natural precipitation.

Purpose - to improve the appearance of the overhangs of the roof slopes, to minimize the risk of the roof being undermined by sharp gusts of wind. It is made of boards, then covered with wooden or plastic soffits.

Corner rafters

Used only in complex multi-pitched roofs, the longest elements of the rafter system. They require special attention during manufacturing and installation.

Special elements to increase the rigidity of fixation of corner rafters. They can rest on floor beams or specially installed elements.

Bay window rafters

The largest elements of a complex roof cover the bay window. One end rests against the centering core, where the upper edge meets, and the other end against the beams.

This is the general initial structure of the roof; in the future, it is necessary to install various vertical, horizontal and inclined connections to increase the rigidity of the structure and increase its load-bearing capacity. The quantity is calculated individually for each roof; each truss option may have significant differences. But there are general types of elements of rafter systems.

It is installed at an angle to the vertical, one end rests against the rafter, the other against the vertical support and the floor beam.

Vertical stand

It supports the rafter leg, is installed vertically, the lower end rests against the floor beam.

It is mounted in the upper third of the rafter leg, installed at an angle, the lower end rests against a horizontal tie.

Fixes two rafter legs into the truss structure.

Racks, ties and struts are made of boards, long vertical supports and purlins are made of timber. Designers often suggest making these elements from paired boards, which is cheaper and more reliable. Paired boards always have higher bending resistance than timber of the same thickness.

Endovy

The joints of the slopes are at an obtuse angle. The most dangerous element of the roof, this is where leaks most often occur. A special beam or board is installed in the valleys, which is called a valley. During the construction of valleys, you need to use only high-quality lumber, and be sure to take measures to protect them from rotting and damage by pests.

They are used to strengthen the structure on large roofs, made from bars or boards.

All elements of the rafter system must be rigidly fixed to each other. This can be done either with the help of modern metal perforated plates and corners, or with ordinary nails or metal staples. After all the work is completed, you can begin making the sheathing.

Holds roofing material technical specifications depends on physical characteristics roofing coverings. The sheathing can be solid or lattice. A very important element from the point of view of the longevity of the roof. The sheathing must ensure that the roofing will not sag under the weight of the snow cover, the sheets of metal tiles are firmly fixed and will not come off due to sudden gusts of wind.

Sheathing can be made from either new or used lumber. The main requirement for them is the absence of putrefactive damage. Appearance does not matter; the sheathing is always hidden by roofing coverings.

Counter-lattice

Mounted on warm roofs, ensures proper conditions natural ventilation to remove moisture. Increases the service life of the roof and prevents premature failure of loaded elements of the rafter system. The linear parameters of the counter-lattice have strict standardized values. Failure to follow the recommendations of professionals causes a violation of the effectiveness of natural ventilation; the consequences of such a situation are very unpleasant.

Wind boards

They are fixed on the sheathing from the side of the gables. They perform two functions: they prevent roof undermining and improve the appearance of the house. Can be wooden, metal or plastic.

Cornice boards

Improve designer look roofs, prevent the rafter system from getting wet. Made from metal or lumber.

Prices for construction boards

Construction boards

The main task is to create an airtight roof covering and protect the interior from wind, rain and snow. Currently, there are many types of roofing, each roof element has its own specifications. When choosing, you need to look not so much at the cost, but at the operating time. Cheap roofing It lasts for about ten years; economically, it is very expensive to completely replace the roof after such a short service life.

The element is present only in warm roofs and consists of several layers.

Warm roof elements may have various names materials used, but this does not change their structural function.

Gutters

Purpose - to drain melt and rain water from the roof slopes, to prevent excessive soil moisture under the foundation of the building, to protect the base from waterlogging. These roof elements can be made of plastic or metal and have different cost and shape. But they always consist of the same elements.

The gutter receives water from the slopes and directs it to the vertical drainage elements. The gutter has end caps and is equipped with connecting and rotating elements.
Funnel. Can be installed on gutters, through which water flows from the gutter into vertical pipes. There are funnels that are attached at valleys in places where installation of ordinary gutters is impossible for some reason. Such funnels for collecting water from valleys are immediately connected to individual pipes.
Fastening elements. Fix the pipes to façade walls and gutters to the rafter system. They allow you to adjust the angles of inclination and distances; they can be metal or plastic.
Round pipes. They drain water away from the house and are equipped with end switches, connectors, and tees.

Gutters – important element roofs of any type and on any structure.

Prices for gutters

Gutters

Snow protection

This roofing element performs two functions: it protects gutters from excessive forces during the spring melting of snow from the roof slopes and prevents injury to pedestrians. Snow guards are made of metal pipes or sheet steel. They must be fixed to the rafters or sheathing; screwing only to the roof in places where it sag is prohibited. The choice of a specific type of snow guards and their installation locations depends on climate zone building location.

Attic spaces

Roof elements can be residential or non-residential. Recently, residential attic spaces have been called attics, but they were used for such purposes before. Unfortunately, not as often as many home owners would like. The problem was the extreme backwardness of the Soviet construction technologies and materials. As soon as imported goods appeared on the domestic market, attics became very popular in our country.

Non-residential attic spaces are most often used in various extensions and utility buildings. They are used only for storing various things; in rural areas they are converted for storing crops.

Conclusion

The article gives the names of elements according to the terminology of building codes and regulations; in practice, builders can call certain structures with different words, but their purpose does not change. It is recommended to always use the correct terminology to prevent inevitable confusion and annoying errors.

Video - Knots of the rafter system

Roofs for private houses come in a variety of types. But in order for this design to fully comply with all the necessary requirements during operation, you need to approach the issue of choice wisely.

Functions and role of the roof

The primary task of the roof is to protect the house from rain, snow, cold and heat. But in order for your home to always be cozy and comfortable, you need to consider the following aspects:

the roof must be designed correctly;
correctly choose the design and material for the roof, taking into account the architectural features of the house and the climate of the area in which it is being built;
carry out high-quality installation.

You should not discount such a parameter as attractiveness. After all, a roof can not only significantly improve the appearance of a building and give it originality, but also emphasize the status of the owner of the house.

Regarding the latter, the main thing is not to overdo it: the option you like may not always be suitable for a particular building, because a lot depends on the design features of the house and the material from which it is built. Therefore, first of all, you need to study existing species roofs, their pros and cons, as well as features of construction and operation.

When choosing a roof shape for a house, you need to focus on the climatic features of the area

Roofs of houses: principles of classification

Today, such a variety of roof shapes is offered that the average person is literally at a loss when choosing. Nevertheless, builders have a clear classification depending on certain criteria:

classification by slope;
classification by design solution.

In addition, roofs are divided into non-attic and attic, exploited and non-operated, and are also classified according to the type of roofing material (tiles, corrugated sheets, slate). Correct selection All parameters will influence how well the original option is suitable for the home.

Video: roof types

flat roofs;
pitched roofs.

The first are simply flat roofs, which can be used, that is, equipped, for example, with a recreation area, or unused. Pitched structures are divided into subcategories according to the type of configuration.

The classification of roofs by slope is considered basic and divides structures into two types: flat and pitched.

The simplest solution in every sense, but at the same time not particularly popular. The angle of inclination of such a roof is no more than 3%, and therefore one of the main disadvantages is the accumulation of snow and water on its surface. This is fraught with leaks, and also forces the owner to manually clean the roof.

Main advantages flat roof: simple installation of the roofing pie and low cost compared to pitched structures

To ensure natural water drainage for such a structure, builders recommend pouring a layer of expanded clay onto the surface at a slight angle.

The main advantages of a flat roof are the ease of installation of the roofing pie and the relative cheapness compared to pitched structures. The load-bearing base is most often reinforced concrete slabs. Sometimes, for this purpose, metal profiled sheets are used, on which layers of the roofing cake are laid alternately, and then the selected coating.

The load-bearing base of a flat roof is reinforced concrete slabs or metal profiled sheets

It is for these reasons that flat roofs in the private segment are usually used in the construction of garages and outbuildings. However, recently they have begun to be used a little more often due to the fashion to create terraces, sports grounds, lawns, and sometimes real gardens with an equipped recreation area on the roof of a house.

Photo gallery: how to arrange a flat roof

On a flat roof, if desired, you can create a lawn
The flat roof of a private house can be an excellent place to arrange a relaxation area with a fireplace
The flat roof of a private house allows you to realize the most daring design projects
You can arrange a small green garden on a flat roof

Video: advantages and disadvantages of a flat roof

Pitched roof

The roof got its name due to the fact that its surface consists of slopes that are located at a certain angle of inclination. The latter is expressed as a percentage, and it is thanks to this that all atmospheric precipitation is removed from the roof surface. Based on the design features of pitched roofs, the following varieties are distinguished:

pitched roofs;
gable structures;
hip roofs;
half-hip;
mansard roofs;
multi-pincer;
tent structures;
domed roofs;
vaulted roofs;
spire-shaped;
combined designs.

Pitched roofs: description, construction features, pros and cons

It is pitched roofs that are most often used in private construction due to their wide variety and reliable design. To choose the right option, you need to carefully study all their varieties.

Shed roof

This is the name for a roof that consists of one plane. The slope (from 4 to 6°) is formed due to the fact that the rafters of the structure rest on external walls located at different heights. The simplest design in all respects, which also does not require large financial outlays.

A small garden house equipped with a pitched roof looks compact and attractive

However, due to its simplicity, which is considered its main disadvantage, it is not popular and is usually used in the construction of small country houses and outbuildings.

A pitched roof has more than enough advantages:

low cost of construction;
ease of installation;
possibility of roof conversion;
use of almost any material for roofing installation.

Due to their easy installation, pitched roofs are often used in the construction of small country houses, garages and outbuildings.

You can create unusual design residential building, placing several pitched roofs in different parts of the building at different levels.

By placing several pitched roofs at different levels, you can create an unusual residential building design

The type of roof chosen is of great importance. Only not from a functional, but an aesthetic point of view. For example, a house under a pitched roof made of galvanized sheets will look more like a barn, while the same structure covered with tiles will take on a very impressive look.

Gable roofs

This is the most common option when building private houses. The roof consists of two slopes resting on external walls of the same height.

Due to the triangular pediment between the slopes, reminiscent of gables, a gable roof is often called a gable roof.

Due to the peculiarities of the configuration - a triangular pediment between the slopes, reminiscent of gables in shape - a gable roof is often called a gable roof. Very reliable design, which is able to withstand heavy rains and snowfalls, withstand gusts of wind and protect from the cold. And it looks much more interesting than a single-slope one.

The advantages include:

simple installation of the structure;
durability;
the presence of an attic from which you can easily make a living space;
the ability to use almost any roofing material;
maintainability.

There are almost no downsides as such, except that it is not recommended to make such a roof in places where stormy winds are raging - due to poor streamlining, it can simply be torn off.

The slope angle of a gable roof is selected based on the amount of precipitation falling in the region. The more there are, the stronger the slope should be.

As for the construction features, the main thing is to carefully follow the technology, since creating such a roof requires a large number of elements, in addition to the basic rafters and mauerlat: crossbars, stops, racks, etc. All components (including vapor and waterproofing, insulation and appearance roofing) must be taken into account when creating the drawing.

When creating a drawing of a gable roof, you need to take into account all structural elements, including insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier

Asymmetrical roof

One of the options for a gable design, when the slopes either differ in length or are located at different angles of inclination. The visible advantages definitely include the unusual design, thanks to which you can stand out from other buildings.

As for performance, such a roof will allow you to maximally adapt to the weather conditions of the area, especially if they are constant. The roof can be positioned so that on the side from which the winds most often blow there is a gentler slope, and on the leeward side there is a steeper one, which will reduce snow loads.

An asymmetrical roof can be positioned so that there is a gentler slope on the windy side, and a steeper slope on the leeward side, which will reduce snow loads

Thanks to the asymmetrical structure of the roof, you can use the attic much more functionally, especially if you plan to equip it for living quarters. Moreover, it can be used to cover a veranda or a garage attached to the house, which will allow you to save significantly financially.

The disadvantages include the complexity of calculations and the installation of the structure itself. It is necessary to correctly calculate the number and pitch of rafters, and choose the right material for the frame and roof at the stage of creating the project. In this regard, it is best not to do all the work yourself, but to turn to professionals.

Attic structures

The main difference between this design is the presence of broken slopes. The upper slopes are created flat, the lower ones - falling. Thanks to this technique, you can significantly increase the area of the attic space, which will be called an attic.

Mansard roof will significantly increase the living space of the house due to the large attic space (attic)

As a rule, architects do not ignore the opportunity to make maximum use of usable space, which is why attics are most often equipped for living quarters. There are usually no difficulties with the construction of such a roof, but the problem of insulation should be given as much attention as possible.

If you have a small attic, you don’t have to hem the ceiling. This will visually expand the room.

Hip roofs

This design has four slopes. Two of them - the front ones - are triangular in shape (they are called hips), and the remaining two are made in the shape of a trapezoid. Features of the construction of hip roofs include the need to install beams with double tightening and install gutters on each slope at a mandatory angle of 45°.

The hips are the front slopes of the roof in the shape of a triangle, the other two slopes have the shape of a trapezoid.

The advantages include:

reliability of the design;
original appearance and respectability;
the ability to use almost any roofing material for covering.

The disadvantages include:

complexity of calculations and installation of the structure;
a large amount of waste when laying roofing, the complexity of the process;
significant reduction in the size of the attic space.

The hip roof looks respectable, but requires complex calculations and installation

Video: which roof to choose - hip or gable

Half hip roofs

The difference between this design and the previous one is that the hips here are noticeably shortened and have a truncated appearance. In essence, this is the same double-leaf roof, the gables of which are covered with a hip, and the slopes take the shape of a trapezoid.

Due to the absence of sharp corners, half-hip roofs are suitable for windy regions

The design is quite complex to implement, requiring both professional skills and a large consumption of materials, which is one of its undoubted disadvantages. Positive points the same as for hip roofs. Plus, this design, due to the presence of fronts, allows you to equip attic space windows.

Due to the complexity of construction, half-hip roofs are recommended to be preferred in windy regions. This is due to their special stability due to the absence of sharp corners.

Tent structures

What it is can be understood from the name. This roof is shaped like a tent, and its peculiarity is that all the slopes are symmetrical, have the shape of a triangle and converge at one point.

A hip roof can only be erected on buildings with a regular square or polygonal shape

It is possible to erect such a roof if there is one main condition - the box itself must have a regular square or polygonal shape. Sometimes the base can be rectangular. The main thing is that each of the roof slopes has the form of an equilateral triangle, and their vertices are connected at one center without a long ridge.

The design requires professional execution, as it has a very sophisticated rafter system. When choosing a roofing covering for a hip roof, it is recommended to avoid sheet materials, because the amount of waste will be simply enormous.

The only advantage worth highlighting is the chic appearance.

Multi-gable roof, or valley

Used in cases where the project involves a polygonal complex shape houses with all kinds of extensions. An amazingly beautiful, but at the same time the most complex design to implement.

The peculiarities of its construction are due to the presence of many joints, internal and external corners, and kinks. All junctions of these elements are potentially dangerous in terms of the likelihood of leaks, so it is recommended to trust the installation of such a roof only to trusted specialists.

Multi-gable structures are the most difficult to implement due to the many joints, kinks, internal and external corners

The advantages of a multi-gable roof include:

multifunctionality;
strength (subject to compliance with the technology during the construction process);
possibility of arrangement of attic and utility rooms;
unusually attractive and rich appearance.

complex and labor-intensive construction process;
a large amount of roofing waste.

Dome structures

Not yet very often used, but very interesting design, made in oriental style. Construction features include the need to use curved elements to create a frame and flexible or soft roofing material.

For a dome roof, curved frame elements and flexible roofing material are used

Such a roof is usually erected over round buildings, and since houses rarely have this shape, it is used mainly over individual elements of the building (such as turrets, round terraces or a winter garden).

A very beautiful and durable design that does not withstand any vagaries of the weather. But it is extremely complex and expensive to implement.

Vaulted roof

Another name is arched. It is mounted on arched rafters and requires a flexible roof covering. This is not to say that the design is not used in the construction of private houses, but still it is not particularly popular.

The vaulted roof is mounted on arched rafters and can give the house an exclusive look

Most often, public and warehouse premises are equipped with it. As for private construction, the structure is used only to cover individual elements of the building or when constructing houses in the Art Nouveau style.

The vaulted roof has no significant disadvantages; it is simply completely impractical for use in private construction. However, it can become a real decoration of any home with a well-executed design.

Spire-shaped structures

Due to the very sharp slopes during installation, an acute angle is created, resulting in the formation of a spire. Undoubtedly beautiful design in the Gothic style, but absolutely impractical, and therefore is almost never used in the construction of private houses. It is relevant only as a decorative element, decorating all kinds of turrets on a house or a domed roof.

Spire-shaped roofs can be beautiful decorative element Houses

Combined roofs

The design of such coverings includes several types of roofs. That is, due to a combination, for example, multi-gable, dome and hip (three in one, and sometimes more) a completely new roof shape is created.

By combining options, architects can create unusually shaped roof structures

A building equipped in this way is very attractive and has its own zest, however, it is worth remembering that the work to create such a structure will require not only professionalism, but also very impressive funds.

Other types of roofs

Architects work tirelessly in their offices to surprise clients with unusual solutions. For this reason, it makes no sense to present all their delights, since they are practically not used in private construction. More or less acceptable options include the following:

a retractable roof, which can be removable, sliding, partially retractable or completely movable. Used in the construction of verandas, swimming pools, garages attached to the house;
Chinese roof - a structure with raised corners, made of wood. Used in the construction of houses or gazebos in Asian style.

Chinese architectural forms are successfully used in private construction

The more sophisticated the roof, the more expensive it is. This should be kept in mind if the construction budget is limited. The best option in this case is a single-slope (for a small house) or a gable;
if you plan to make the roof yourself, but don’t have much experience, it’s also better not to attempt complex structures;
When choosing the type of roof, it is necessary to take into account the strength of the foundation and walls. After all, the more complex the design, the heavier the rafter system it will require, which will entail additional load on the house;
It is also recommended to take into account what is planned to be done on the second floor: will there be just an attic space there or will it be residential. In the latter case, perhaps the most acceptable option would be a mansard roof;
The climate in the region also matters. Where the amount of precipitation, especially in winter, is very significant, the best option would be a roof with a large angle of inclination (45–50°). If strong winds are raging in the area, then the angle of the slope should be no more than 10–20°.

Choosing a roof depending on the type of building

Except common factors, the choice of roof is also influenced by individual factors: what kind of building it is, what size it is, what it will be built from and for what purpose it is intended.

Frame house

Main feature frame house is its lightness. Therefore, it is not recommended to overload it with complex and heavy structures.

If you still want to make the roof unusual, then you should be prepared for the fact that you will have to attach (anchor) the house to the foundation. The most acceptable options for a frame house are considered to be such types of roofs as gable and hipped. A hip design can also be considered as an option.

Cottage

As a rule, one-story buildings are based on a lightweight foundation. Therefore, the roofs for them should not be heavy either.

For a small house, a good option would be a lean-to structure, which will give the structure originality and at the same time do not require special construction costs. In general, for one-story buildings, a gable roof is most often chosen. This is the most common option.

For one-story houses, a gable roof is most often chosen; this is the most common option

Two-storey house

In this case there are no special restrictions. The main thing is that the roof fits harmoniously into the overall design of the building and is chosen taking into account the climatic characteristics of the region. Otherwise, it all depends on taste, desire and budget.

Restrictions on the choice of roof for two-story house practically none, it all depends on the budget and preferences of the owner

There are zero restrictions. You can choose any roof according to your wishes.

For a house made of timber, you can choose any roof option

Roof for garage and outbuildings

Naturally, no one will build a domed or multi-gable roof over a garage or outbuilding. In this case, it is worth proceeding from cost and functionality.

The garage and utility block can be combined under one double-leaf roof

The most budget option there will be a regular flat roof. In second place you can put a lean-to structure. The third option is gable. Such a roof will cost more, but the bonus will be an attic space that can be used for economic purposes.

Video: variety of roofs of private houses

Today, the roofs of private houses are striking in their diversity. Options are available to suit the most sophisticated tastes and for any climatic conditions. The main thing is to approach the choice responsibly. And then the roof will serve for a long time and reliably protect the house.

The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. A spectacular, appropriately designed roof is the calling card of the house, a measure of the taste of the owners. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and maintain comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for private homes. All of them can become a reliable, sustainable and durable solution, provided that the loads on the structure are correctly calculated and the appropriate building materials are selected.

The roof is like a business card Source freepvpgame.com

Main types of roofs

The main division of roofs into types is made depending on their appearance, and even the naked eye of a layman can distinguish one type of roof from another.

Flat

Modern fashion trends done flat roof a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft and have a slope of up to 3°. They may become a worthy option for many reasons:

Thanks to the minimal area, significant savings are achieved on materials, construction and installation work and construction time. The same can be said for subsequent maintenance and repairs.
Such a roof is an additional multifunctional area. Here you can install an antenna, air conditioning system or solar panels. The roof makes it possible to arrange a sports ground, a place for comfortable rest and tan, plant a flower garden.

The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters, such a roof can accumulate a large mass of snow, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.

You can place a relaxation area on the flat roof Source krovlyaikrysha.ru

Sloping

Pitched roof - with sloping surfaces that allow the roof to self-clean naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by the angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5° to 70°.

Pitched types of roofing of private houses allow the attic space to be used for household needs and as an attic. The design of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for the finishing coating, as well as on the climate.

There are various pitched roofs of houses, the varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:

Single-pitch. Such structures rest on walls of different heights. A simple, cheap and durable option.
Gable. They allow you to equip an attic or attic, and remove precipitation well. A practical and common option.
Four slopes. The most durable and reliable. But heavy weight roof requires strengthening of the supporting structure.
Tents, designer. The most unusual and expensive options.

Hip roof; ideal for a house in the form of a square or regular polygon Source happymodern.ru

Spherical

Interest in spherical structures is always high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract additional advantages:

Streamlined shape. Allows you to avoid direct wind pressure, which is a guarantee of strength and integrity.
Tightness. Provided with roofing material (usually galvanized steel).
Ease of maintenance. Snow and water do not accumulate on the surface.

Online roofing calculator

To find out the approximate cost of different types of roofing, use the following calculator:

Optimal slope angles for roofs

Professional builders know that slope angles for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining optimal angle The slope of the roof takes into account several factors:

Natural (climatic) factors

A properly designed roof should withstand wind and precipitation, characteristic of a given area.

In areas with snowy winters, a large roof angle is set (45-60°); This way the snow melts smoothly, reducing the likelihood of icing.
In order for the structure to withstand in areas with strong winds, the slope angle is kept to a minimum. To reduce windage, choose a range of 9-20°.
In the southern regions, where sunny weather prevails, the best option would be a flat roof with a slope of 3-5° (for water drainage). Compared to other types of roofs, it will heat up less.
The optimal slope angle is considered to be values from 20 to 45°.

Snow does not accumulate on a properly made roof Source nagradi.me

Type of roofing material

The minimum slope angle of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing covering.

Slate covering, tiles. Moisture will not accumulate and leak with a minimum roof slope of 22° (for tiles) and 30° for slate.
Roofing felt, euroroofing felt. The number of layers determines the parameter value. For a roof with 2 layers, a slope of 15° is required, for 3 layers, 5° is sufficient.
Profiled sheet. The minimum permissible roof slope is 12°.
Metal tiles. The minimum roof slope is limited to 14°.
Ondulin. The minimum indicator is 6°.
Soft tiles. Mounted with a slope of 11°.
Membrane type roofing coverings. Set the minimum slope within 3-5°.

Video description

What the roof should be like - in the video:

Structural differences of frames - popular configurations

Despite the high interest in flat roofs, the leader in popularity is still pitched roofs, which, with some stretch, can also include hip roofs. Therefore, when determining optimal design mainly choose from the following options:

Single-pitch

This design is an inclined plane that rests on external load-bearing walls of different heights. It is supplied to outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: choosing such a roof excludes the construction of an attic; strong winds can tear off even a well-secured roof. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and strength of pitched roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.

Modern style pitched roof Source houzz.es

Gable

Classic roof options for a private house, reliably protecting from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such designs are easy to install and reliable in operation; You can select any material for the roof. The base consists of 2 slopes (slopes), resting on two walls of equal height.

Another name for a gable roof is gable roof (gable is the plane between the slopes).

Advantages:

Self-cleaning from snow, low probability of leakage.
Large selection of available materials for production.
Possibility of arranging an attic space.

Flaws:

Difficult installation due to the slope of the roof.
The weakest structural element is the valley ( internal corner at the junction of the slopes), which experiences the maximum climatic impact.

Source vermonttimberworks.com

Combined (multi-pincer)

Multi-gable (valley) frames are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the layout of the building does not allow the use of a simpler design. The features of multi-pincer forms are:

Complex installation of additional intersections, requiring professional knowledge and good weather.
Additional costs of materials and time, a large amount of waste material.
To eliminate problems with condensation, high-quality vapor and waterproofing is carried out, and high-quality ventilation is installed.

Hip and half-hip

The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). The two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the two side slopes are triangular (hips). In half-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated appearance, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.

These types of roofing for the roof of a private house are complex in design and installation (they require reinforcement of the rafter system), but are economical in terms of material consumption; they are justified in northern areas with strong winds.

Source roofsrustulsa.com

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Tent

The roof consists of slopes in the shape of isosceles triangles, converging at one point. Such a design, which involves the construction attic floor, difficult to design; mitigating circumstance - minimum Supplies. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps to withstand winds.

A special class of roofs consists of round (dome) roofs, repeating the shape of a figure of rotation. Similar roofs can be seen on religious buildings; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and winter gardens, and increasingly in private construction.

Vaulted (arched)

A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic space, a hall, a winter garden or an entrance. Placed at the base load-bearing structure made of metal, concrete or wood. The coating is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. This solution is practical and original; the coating is wind-resistant, and the use of transparent material saves energy.

Source superfb.site

Geodetic

A conventional domed roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.

A geodesic dome roof allows you to get a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. The bars are connected to each other by metal connectors; A connecting beam is installed between the rows.

To design the structure it is necessary computer program three-dimensional modeling. Compared to a pitched roof, the consumption of materials is on average one third less.

Features of attic roofs

For several centuries now, since its invention in France, mansard roofs enjoy constant popularity. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.

The types of roofs of private houses with an attic are pleasingly diverse. All kinds of attics are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, hipped, domed. There is enough space in the attic to create a living room, training room, library or winter Garden. Since the attic room is located in the upper part of the building, it requires a special approach:

Heat loss from the lower residential premises leads to the formation of condensation on the inside of the roof. The design must provide for thorough vapor and waterproofing, as well as ventilation.
U attic room No interior walls, it is completely in contact with the external environment. Thermal insulation is important for the room mineral wool or polystyrene foam. For interior decoration Natural wood is best.

Source julifacer.com

Cladding materials

The use of one or another type of material for roof cladding is determined primarily by the climatic characteristics of the region. Even the traditional “issue price” often gives in to common sense - no one has ever managed to save on the quality of a roof. The most popular materials are traditionally:

Roof tiles (metal, bitumen or ceramic)

Metal shingles are a popular option valued for their durability, low price and ability to withstand impacts, which is especially valuable during loading and transportation. Metal tiles are lightweight (does not create pressure on the foundation) and are easy to attach. The disadvantage is considered to be uneconomical installation (a significant percentage goes to waste) and poor sound insulation, which becomes noticeable in any rain.
Bituminous (flexible) tiles. This coating has high sound and heat insulation, but requires professional installation.
Natural (ceramic) tiles. A time-tested material with the advantages of metal tiles, except one. Significant weight requires a reinforced roof.

The tiles can be laid on any roof shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com

Slate

Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits its scope of application to commercial buildings. Slate has great strength during bending and impact; it is non-flammable and easy to process (cut with a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (over time it can become covered with moss) and a health hazard.

Glass roof

A glass roof (especially its spectacular panoramic version) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design provides excellent weather protection and helps reduce energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in summer the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.

Green roof

Growing attention to environmental issues has generated interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions developed in Scandinavian countries make it possible to realize the desire to communicate more often with nature.

Timber log house with eco-roof Source pinterest.com

During installation, layers of hydro- and thermal insulation with a waterproof membrane are laid on the roof, protecting the roof from roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and, finally, a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.

An eco-roof serves not only as a decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewer system (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant expenses on organization and time for subsequent care are inevitable.

Another option for a “green” roof Source pfpi-co.com

Beautiful and original roof designs: photos and videos

Video description

See the following video for interesting types of roofs of private houses:

And more original types of house roofs in the photo:

Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a high-tech style house Source viendoraglass.com

Interesting design solution for pitched roof Source remontbp.com

A window in the attic was once a complex technical task Source superdom.ua

The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru

Conical and pitched roofs on one house Source cosmictherap.com

The production of such structures should be trusted exclusively to professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua

Source weareart.ru

To ensure that such beauty remains functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com

Classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com

In such a design, it is very important to correctly make the points where the roof of the first floor meets the walls. Source houzz.com

Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels Source houzz.com

Hip roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a dormer window Source casacom.pro

Source pinterest.com

In such structures, it is necessary to carefully calculate the possibility of shrinkage of the building Source pinterest.com

A large window in the attic provides good lighting in the room Source houzbuzz.com

An original design that requires careful windage calculations Source pinterest.com

“Modified” classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru

What is interesting here is not so much the design as the cladding material Source superfb.site

An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com

Ideal solution for a roof over a swimming pool - the area can be completely covered if necessary Source rus-teplitsa.ru

Conclusion

When starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable and able to last. for a long time. This choice is not always straightforward; each option has pros and cons. To accept correct solution, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - you should consider a set of issues, including design features and the general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preferences.