How to make screw transitions wooden handrails. DIY spiral staircase: drawing. DIY spiral staircases made of metal, wood: drawings, photos. Positive and negative aspects of spiral staircases

Elegant and graceful metal constructions, spiral staircases are attractive for several reasons. However, the simplicity of their manufacture and relatively low cost successfully complement positive traits stairs. In addition, the compactness with which the structure can be made will allow it to be placed even on the most clamped area. If there was no spiral staircase in the plans for the construction or re-equipment of a summer house or house, then you should take a closer look at it. She can not only decorate the house, but also make it more functional.

Spiral staircase to the second floor, design advantages

The compact design of the spiral staircase will allow solving those tasks that were inaccessible to other staircase designs, and in combination with metal, they give an undoubted benefit, namely:

1. Compactness. Stairs screw design has absolutely small size thanks to one single support around which all its structural elements are located. In order to fully use the spiral staircase, you can select no more than one and a half square meters area. This is several times less when compared with traditional designs.

2. Availability. Spiral staircases, prices for which are determined only by the cost of material and manufacturing in the factory or workshop conditions, are much lower than marching structures, since all structural details can be unified and do not require adjustment in place.

3. Simplicity of installation and manufacture. The principle of manufacturing metal spiral staircases is simple, you just need to have certain basic skills and have an elementary tool to make a spiral staircase made of metal with your own hands. Drawings and diagrams are also not at all complicated and accessible for understanding and reading without any preparation.

4. Functionality. Spiral staircase, in addition, which can become the main means of lifting to the second floor, can be used as additional way, due to its small size and exist along with flight stairs.

However, many also point to some of the disadvantages that the screw metal ladder... As a rule, steps become objects of attack - it is not always possible to complete them with sufficient width. Sometimes it can become a source of increased danger, especially when it comes to the elderly.

Types of spiral staircases made of metal

Since the ladder can be made different ways, then the characteristics, including the dynamic load, the ladder will withstand different. It all depends on the metal from which the structure is made. And, of course, technology. And it can be different:

Of course, this does not mean that the staircase is molded at the place of installation, it means the way the structural elements are manufactured. The easiest to install are welded structures, since they are more flexible in the choice of both linear parameters and load characteristics, therefore, almost all ladders that are made independently are made by welding.

Construction and drawings of spiral staircases

Designing spiral staircases is a rather complicated matter, so you should use ready-made drawings when manufacturing. This is due to the mass of both reference and local data that must be used for the calculation, therefore the use and adaptation of the finished drawing is ideal. When developing drawings, not only the main indicators tied to the structural features are taken into account, such as:

The main indicator that determines the functionality of the structure is the width of the step, therefore, according to all standards, it should be at least 35 cm at its widest point. Considering the fact that the step in the spiral staircase is not rectangular, but trapezoidal, then the average width in the center of the step is taken equal to 20 cm.

Spiral staircase economy in a private house, design and railings

The simplest ladders that can be successfully assembled with your own hands and used both in the country and in a large cottage are welded simple designs economy class. As a rule, such ladders are assembled around the main pillar, which is rigidly fixed in the staircase. Such a structure is assembled from ready-made elements, and the elements themselves can be prepared and made in convenient conditions, and during the installation of the structure, it will be enough to assemble them together. We have presented several such designs in the photo.

The simplest option is a prefabricated pillar, which is formed as the steps are strengthened, and the design of the railings and power elements is determined by the owner's choice, here the choice is extremely large. Thus, for very little money and with your own hands, you can make a simple spiral staircase for a summer residence, which, nevertheless, will meet all the parameters of safety and comfort.

Any staircase structure performs not only an aesthetic function, it must be comfortable and multifunctional. It is difficult to imagine that in two-story house a spiral staircase or other version of the lifting system will not be installed.

There are many options for decorating stairways, decorating steps. And the staircase structures themselves with unusual design solutions quite a bit of.

A wooden spiral staircase with your own hands should harmoniously fit the general interior of the house, besides, it should fully satisfy all safety rules, especially if there are small children and elderly people in the house.

Choosing a staircase structure

In order to choose the right ladder system, you need to know about their varieties.

There is a subdivision of staircase structures according to the following parameters:

the material used to build the system;
aesthetic characteristics;
form;
place of installation;
handrail designs;
sizes;
style design.

Ladder systems exist for their immediate purpose:

input;
interfloor;
auxiliary;
basements;
attic.

Among the common options for staircase systems used in private houses, we highlight:

You can make spiral staircases to the second floor of an economy class yourself, having drawings, tools, and desire.

ADVICE! A beautiful spiral staircase to the second floor with your own hands should, first of all, be safe, made of non-toxic materials.

Wooden marching structures

The marching system is the simplest and most popular, similar do-it-yourself spiral staircases with drawings can be found on many websites of construction companies or ordered from a design studio.

This design involves the manufacture of two or more marches, separated by turning platforms or steps.

TIP! Such systems are complex engineering structures that require preliminary design. Perfect option - seek help from professionals.

Algorithm of actions

First, you need to select the option of the ladder structure in order to carry out the calculations. For the version with side support, a "well" is required, steps are built into its walls. It is possible to make a theoretical "well" on your own, but it is better to choose spiral staircases to the second floor of the photo with the main beam on the casing support.

Calculations

Let's calculate the spiral staircase, in which the support will be a steel tube 5 mm thick, 6-8 cm in diameter. Steel corner we use it for welding consoles, and for arranging the steps we use a wooden array.

You must understand that the spiral staircase to the second floor is a regular circle, its diameter corresponds to the size of the opening.

R is the outer radius of the console (circle).

R1 is the inner radius of the opening (diameter and thickness of the support pipe).

γ - turn of the structure, angular value, demonstrating the difference in height between the steps.

L is the length of the circle.

Formula for calculating a circle:

L \u003d 2πR * n or L \u003d 2πR * (γ / 360).

In practice, this is not enough for normal movement along the steps, and therefore 2R / 3 is taken as the radius of movement. As a result, the formula takes the following form:

l \u003d 2π * 2R / 3 * n \u003d 4πR / 3 * n

We calculate the steps

The main difference is that the spiral staircases in Leroy Merlin have a specific form of steps. A console of such a system is a petal with a rounded edge. The console has the following parameters:

h is the length of the step. It is the difference between the opening radius and the outer radius of the support pipe. When choosing a step length of up to a meter, the console can be made of solid wood, the frame is not required;
W1 - tread width;
W2 is the width of the workpiece;
α is the angle of the step.

To determine the number of steps, the height of the opening is divided by the rise of the step. Convenient for movement will be spiral staircases, the size of the rise of steps, which have 15-20 cm.

We calculate the angle of the step using the formula:

α \u003d γ: number of steps.

Knowing the width and angle of the step, we calculate the maximum width of the tread:

We calculate the width of the tread using the formula:

w \u003d r * sinα \u003d (2R * sinα) / 3

Convenient are wooden spiral staircases, in which the width of the tread is in the range of 20-30 cm.

ADVICE! Draw drawings in horizontal and vertical projections, preferably in two sweeps: along the path line and the outer edge. The wooden spiral staircase in the photo looks more interesting on kosoura, but the choice is up to the owner of a country mansion.

Varieties of screw structures

If there is not enough space to accommodate marches, spiral structures are being installed. A wrought-iron spiral staircase will fit into any interior if finished natural materials... Spiral systems are used for lifting to the attic, that is, in the form of auxiliary structures.

On the disadvantages of screw systems.

It is inconvenient to climb along the spiral structure, there is a high risk of injury to children and the elderly.
The inconvenience of lifting furniture.
The trapezoidal shape of the steps interferes with normal movement, the steps for the right and left legs are different in size.

Aesthetically, a self-made spiral staircase made of wood looks very beautiful, it seems "airy", brings additional charm to the design of the house.

Wooden rotary structures

Such systems are a kind of spiral staircase structures. They either partially or completely consist of winding steps. The following modifications are distinguished:

curvilinear;
semi-turnover;
a quarter are negotiable;
curved.

Installation of pivoting timber structures is often carried out along load-bearing wall, the handrail is placed on the outside. In some houses, you can see free-standing (not attached to the wall) stair structures... The disadvantage of making spiral staircases of this type is the inconvenience of moving up the steps, while the system itself looks quite original and aesthetically pleasing.

Installation of a spiral staircase system

There is a certain sequence for assembling a spiral staircase structure:

first you need to calculate the spiral staircase, make sure of its "viability" in the given conditions;
the location of the main rod is selected, the lower support flange is attached;
the first step is fixed to the floor, it enters the flange;
the building level checks the verticality of the support rod;
bushings, steps are superimposed on the central post from above, fastened according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer;
comfortable screw wooden ladder do it yourself on the second floor attached to the walls of the opening or using the upper step;
the support rod is fixed at the top;
pick up and install handrails and protective fences.

Attention! For each specific case, wooden spiral staircases to the second floor are mounted taking into account various nuances.

Installation nuances

Remember that in order to obtain the desired result, it is important to fully adhere to the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Washers are made of durable materials to protect the structure from mechanical deformation, for example, you can make cast-iron spiral staircases to individual sizes:

Often wooden structures combined with other materials, so the prefabricated spiral staircase can consist of stone, wood, metal. For many centuries, it was wood that was considered the main material for the construction of flights of stairs, and they have not lost their relevance even now. Are gradually replacing the classic wood systems original ready-made spiral staircases made of cast iron and steel. Thinking about installing a screw design? Consult with professionals, study the assembly features, do not forget about the calculations. Only adherence to all the nuances will allow you to create a real masterpiece in your home.

The compact design of a spiral staircase ideally combines lightness and strength, brings an element of originality and unusualness to the interior, at the same time it has a number of other practical and applied advantages.

Consider the technology of the spiral staircase device, what material to use, how to calculate and how to make structural elements.

Pros of spiral staircases

Firstly, the spiral staircase does not take up much space, since it is located around a special support and, as it were, "hangs" in the air. In the case of limited space, this is a powerful argument. Enough 1.5 sq. m for a device of this design.

Secondly, the cost of a spiral staircase is slightly less than the cost of building the usual ones.

Thirdly, a rather simple manufacturing principle, of course, you need to have certain skills and tools, but it is quite possible to do it on your own.

Fourth, the efficiency of use in their own houses or apartments, where there is no heavy traffic of people and you can safely go up to the second floor.

It is important to remember that the steps of the helical structure are not very wide and with a sufficiently steep rise, this becomes a source of increased danger. Therefore, it is recommended to walk on such a structure not very quickly and follow the rules of caution. You can compensate for this disadvantage by arranging reliable handrails. Even more important is the accurate calculation of the dimensions of the stairs and, in particular, the run-in steps and the width of the tread (horizontal surface).

In fact, you can make a spiral staircase for a house, which will become an exquisite component of a room, on your own, keeping in mind the nuances that are of fundamental importance:

Professionals advise to make a span of at least 100 cm for comfortable movement, then the width of the structure is a little more than two meters, provided that the bearing support has a diameter of 20-50 mm.

An inexpensive and at the same time reliable option, which is one of the most common, is considered a design when the steps are fixed on a bearing support and screw handrails with balusters.

Another design, with bent-glued handrails, with steps and risers fixed on them, without building a support in the center, is much more expensive and requires more labor.

A ladder screw taken in the horizontal plane can have the shape of a circle or a polygon (when the structure is near the walls). To install the steps, recesses are made in the wall, where bookmarks are prepared for subsequent installation.

What materials to use to make spiral staircases?

The strength and durability of the stairs depends on the selected material. As the main supporting element of the structure, an asbestos-cement or metal pipe is suitable, on which the steps are attached by welding, bolted or socket connections. Sometimes brick, concrete, stone or wood are used in the manufacture of the support.

Railings are made of hardwood, metal, their combined use is possible. Besides traditional beech, oak, ash and metal steps today, glass or plastic steps are often found.

In order to achieve durability, reliability and increased safety, the following recommendations should be followed:

The helical design, in which the inner edge of the horizontal plane is free, reduces the risk of slipping when going up and down the narrow part of the steps. Similar option called a ladder without a vertical plane, and it has a higher safety performance.

Stairs usually move in the middle of the steps, so it is recommended to make them about 20 centimeters wide. Already 15 cm from the central support, the width of the steps should be at least 10 cm.

The length of the steps depends on the purpose of the stairs. In the case of rare use, you can limit yourself to a size of 0.6 m with a diameter of 1.4 m. Optimal size slightly larger: steps - 0.8 m, diameter - about 2 m.

When calculating design data, it should be provided that the height for a person's passage provides the ability to move along the next loop, which is about two meters.

For the central support, it seems optimal to use a thick-walled metal pipe (about 50 mm in diameter), which gives the entire structure the necessary strength. The support must be exactly vertical and the point on which it rests must be able to carry the entire load.

When wooden covering the upright post is mounted using anchor bolts and the necessary hardware. The option of fastening by pouring concrete with the use of guy wires is possible.

To fix the steps on the central post, holes are drilled on the narrow side of the step with a diameter equal to the diameter of the post. The steps are installed by means of bushings, their height should be the same as the height of the vertical plane. Horizontal planes and the bushings must be laid with washers that protect the tree from deformation. The size of the bushings should be calculated by adding the size of all washers, otherwise the height of the entire structure will be greater than the preliminary data.

The length of the steps directly correlates with the size of the opening in the ceiling, and we get their number by dividing the height of the stairs by 18-20 cm (the distance between the feet), not forgetting to add the thickness of the steps.

To give the structure strength, the subsequent steps are laid with a slight overlap on the previous ones and fixed with a bracket, which is placed between the adjacent edges of the steps in their wide part.

Installation of a spiral staircase

The assembly of the spiral staircase is carried out in the following sequence: installation of the bearing rack, installation of treads and bushings in the desired order. This is followed by the installation of the steps, taking into account their exact initial and final position, at the end, the brackets are fixed. Installation is completed with fasteners of the upper step to the ceiling. It remains only to put the railings and handrails.

Calculation of a spiral staircase - drawings and diagrams

DIY spiral staircase - video assembly instructions

Wooden spiral staircases - photo

Increasingly, spiral staircases are found in their homes and cottages. This is due to the beautiful appearance of the products, a wide variety of designs and the ability to install them in a relatively small area.

Handrails for spiral staircases play a huge role in the safety and aesthetic perception of the product. The article offers to get acquainted with the types, materials and features of the manufacture of such structures.

The railing on the spiral staircase, as well as on the usual marching staircase, serves to protect a person from falling from the stairs and is a support when going up and down.

The railing includes:

Balusters. These are the support posts on which the handrail is attached. Their purpose is to fulfill a load-bearing and decorative role;
Placeholders... Such elements are necessary to fill the gap between the balusters. They serve as a decoration for the structure and increase safety when moving. Such elements are not always used, but if there are children in the house, placeholders are set without fail;
Handrails... This is a support for the hands when moving. Installed on one side or, if necessary, on both sides of the spiral staircase. Handrails are attached to balusters, or directly to the wall, as in the photo.

Fence filler types

There are several types of structures to fill the space between the posts. You can get acquainted with them from the table:

Placeholder type	Features:
	They include racks located vertically or at an angle. Such elements can have different shapes, which gives them a decorative function.
	In this case, the fence consists of solid sheets installed between the steps and the handrail.
	Their feature is the connection support posts between themselves by horizontal elements installed parallel to the handrails. Such structures are most often used in modern railings.
	This is the most spiral, the space between the handrail and the staircase itself is filled with all kinds of patterns.

In addition, the fence can be made by analogy with the bowstrings of a spiral staircase, spiral staircases with a support pillar without a fence can be made.

Fencing materials

Before making a railing for a spiral staircase, you should get acquainted with the materials for their manufacture.

Tip: When choosing a structure and material for the railing, you should pay attention to their combination with the style of the stairs and the entire interior of the room.

Stair railings can be made of the following materials:

. The price of such structures is the highest. The fence is difficult to install, which is associated with the need to bend the material, which is done only in the factory. Fencing glass is preferable to use in office premises, for residential buildings in high-tech interiors, minimalism.

Tip: When ordering glass panels from a company for fencing a spiral staircase, it is necessary to specify the radius of their bending, some organizations cannot perform a small radius, due to the complexity of the process technology.

Iron railing for a spiral staircase. At cost, the fence is more economical, and the appearance is practically not inferior to glass. Used for manufacturing metal pipes and rods of square and round cross-section, bent into the desired ornament. After that, the elements are welded together, the joints are cleaned and painted in desired color... Metal railings can have a wide variety of shapes and colors, without restrictions in use;
Of stainless steel. Their manufacturing technology is similar to that of common metal, the difference in appearance after the end of the work. Stainless steel looks more presentable and stylish. These railings can be installed in damp rooms, outdoors. Stainless steel allows you to create original and very beautiful outdoor spiral staircases.
Wood... These are economical and beautiful spiral staircase handrails that can perfectly fit into any interior from classic to high-tech, depending on finishing constructions.

Tip: When making a wooden fence, you must choose quality wood with minimal humidity. This will prevent cracking and deformation of the structure during operation.

After thorough polishing and varnishing of all surfaces, the structure will become pleasant to the touch and very beautiful. Wood is always warm, unlike metal.

The manufacture of handrails for a spiral staircase made of wood is especially recommended in rooms where there are children. The designs look very elegant, but they take up quite a lot of space, it is better to use them in residential buildings and rooms with a large area.

Stone... This is the most expensive option, it is very rarely used in their homes. The stone is difficult to match with many interior styles. Such structures are used for enclosures of spiral staircases in castles, palaces and similar stately structures;
Plastic. It is most often used to simulate materials such as stone or wood. PVC railings have a low cost, long service life, look aesthetically pleasing, safe to use.
By combining materials. The options can be very different: wood with metal, glass with metal, metal with wood. It is appropriate to use them in different styles from modern and classic to high-tech (see) and minimalism.

Tip: When using a combination of materials for railings, it is worth paying attention to the quality of the processing of joints during installation. During operation, deformation of different parts may occur, due to improper adhesion of materials to each other.

The most common options for making railings are metal and wood. Making a handrail for a spiral staircase with your own hands from such materials is quite simple, you just need to have the desire and a little skills in construction.

Features of the choice and design of railings

For the right choice and the design of the fence of stairs, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of SNiPs and GOSTs, which indicate:

The height of the railings in your home should not be less than 900 mm;
The distance between the balusters should be no more than 300 mm;
All butt seams and connections of elements must be decorated and qualitatively fastened together.

Railing handrails can be different shapes: round, square, rectangular, but always comfortable to position in the hand, without sharp corners, so as not to get hurt when moving up the stairs.

Fencing design

Before making a spiral handrail for a staircase, it is worth depicting the desired result on a computer or paper. Structural sketches are an essential part of creating a stair railings project. All dimensions of the product must be indicated on them.

This will help you complete all the railing parts correctly or get them ready-made.

When self-manufacturing railings for stairs, some elements should be purchased ready-made. For example, many will not be able to correctly determine how to bend a handrail for a spiral staircase. Sometimes railings for spiral staircases are purchased as a constructor, which is only assembled from a set of parts at the installation site.

When creating a virtual model of the fence, given that the staircase has already been built, its dimensions are known, it is necessary to define three parameters:

Railing radius;
Tilt angle;
Length.

These values \u200b\u200bare transferred to the virtual model. For this:

There is a free area, better on the ground;
The center of the structure is marked with a peg;
A circle is drawn using a rope with a nail fixed on a peg.
The radius is the distance between the center of the support and the location of the balusters;
Supports are hammered along the perimeter of the circle, where future railings will be attached. Their height should be about 2 meters;
To increase the rigidity of the layout, it is worth installing spacers inside such a "dial".

Handrail making

After preparing the structure, you can make a spiral railing.

Work instructions:

The first strip of plywood is taken and fixed with screws on the posts. In this case, the fasteners are placed from the inside of the structure; those that have come out are cut off with a grinder;
Fasteners should start slightly above floor level and continue with a slope, like on a spiral staircase. It turns out a spiral;
Joiner's glue is applied to the first strip;
The second part is attached, and is fixed to the first along the entire length with clamps. In this case, each subsequent strip is glued to the previous strip with a ledge;
About 100 mm should be left for each strip, which will make it easy to lengthen the railing, usually spiral staircases on kosoura consist of 1.5 - 2 turns.

Tip: Do not glue several strips at once, the glue should dry well. This will have a good effect on uniformity, which will improve the appearance of the railing.

After installing all the strips, the excess length of the fence is carefully cut off with a grinder;
The second part of the workpiece is manufactured according to the same principle;
The accuracy of the fit of the workpieces to the finished ladder is checked;
Both parts of the blanks are combined;
The connected ledges are fixed with wood glue and self-tapping screws;
The resulting workpiece is attached to the top and bottom of the stairs;
By pulling the workpiece with self-tapping screws with a pitch of 100 mm to the upper end of the racks, the correct location of the future fence is controlled;
Common fasteners are performed for each vertical post or baluster;
The excess parts of the railing are cut at the edges perpendicular to the floor.

The video in this article will tell you in more detail how to make a fence for a spiral staircase.

The railing is being finalized

To give the design a beautiful appearance it is necessary:

Grind all surfaces;
The corners are rounded and all irregularities are eliminated;
Wood dust and wood particles generated during work are mixed with wood glue and used to clog sweats to close the holes;
After drying, these areas are sanded.
Implemented final processing railings with "zero" sandpaper.
The structure is opened with impregnation and varnish, or painted in your favorite color that suits the interior of the room.

These are just some types of spiral fences, recommendations on how to choose or make a spiral staircase railings and the most common technology for their installation. Having shown imagination, you can combine different types, get a work of art, to decorate not only stairs, but the entire room.

If the staircase consists of at least three steps, it must necessarily be fenced, and the railings are equipped with handrails, which are easy enough to pick up when it comes to straight marching flights. But a screw product needs a radius guard with curved handrails, which greatly complicates the task. Finding a solution will help you contact the "Railing Empire". Production of protective structures and their implementation according to affordable prices - the main specialization of the company, so we can make a handrail for a spiral staircase of absolutely any complexity.

Our price: from 8,000 rubles

The main function of connecting structures between floors is to provide safe comfortable movement. This means that it should be comfortable to hold onto the railing, so the railing should be adjusted to the size and height of the balusters. In linear structures, it is not very difficult to achieve an accurate fit, even at home and artisanal conditions. But the spiral staircase requires the participation of qualified specialists, who have professional equipment at their disposal.

It is worth paying attention to the aesthetic moment. To ensure that the handrails are consistent with the overall interior concept, it is advisable to consult with experienced designer... The exact correspondence between shape and size turns out to be important in terms of aesthetics, as well as the quality of installation. "Empire of Railings" is well versed in the nuances of radius fences, therefore, having ordered a handrail for a spiral staircase from us, you can not worry about the result.

Cooperation scheme


We receive an order by phone or e-mail		Our engineer comes to the object, takes measurements and photographs		A project is drawn up and approved with the Customer		After that, all the details of the project are manufactured in production.		Delivery and installation of products at the customer's site

The choice of material for the handrail of a spiral staircase

When choosing a material, one should be guided not only by aesthetic considerations, but also by the operating conditions. Despite the fact that the installation of spiral staircases is carried out, as a rule, during indoor areas, you need to pay attention to the probability high humidity, temperature extremes and other factors that can cause negative impact... But there are also universal options... For the manufacture of stair railings and handrails, we use popular materials, the individual characteristics of which can be clarified with the managers by phone:

Stainless steel;
Natural wood;
Plastic (PVC).

Regardless of the material used in the manufacture, handrails are carefully processed to protect against aggressive factors and ease of use. With the help of special equipment, they are given an individual configuration and shape, agreed with the customer. If you have not yet become one, call right now so as not to waste any more time. A metal, wooden or plastic handrail for a spiral staircase, ordered from "Railing Empire", will be pleasant to the touch, reliable and beautiful.