Secrets of the masters: how to properly putty the walls. We go to the finish: how to properly putty the walls

October 6, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior finishing, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)

Nowadays, building materials are very expensive, so it is not surprising that many homeowners during repairs try to save on everything they can. So that the desire to save money does not lead to a deterioration in the quality of the repair, in this article I will tell you how to make putty with your own hands, which in terms of performance is not inferior to many store counterparts.

Production of putties

Putty is a building material with a pasty consistency, the task of which is to eliminate minor defects on various surfaces. It follows that this material must have good adhesion. In addition, its important qualities are hardening and curing after application.

It should also be noted that for different types surfaces use different putties. In this article, we will consider the process of preparing compositions intended for puttying walls and ceilings, as well as wooden and chipboard surfaces.

So, the following types of putties that you can prepare yourself meet all of the above requirements:

Option 1: oil

For the manufacture of oil putty, it is necessary to prepare the following ingredients:

Instructions for the manufacture of this putty is as follows:

1. first of all, you need to prepare a clean metal container of the required volume;
2. then pour pumice powder into the container and add linseed and turpentine oil to it. All ingredients should be thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous consistency is formed.;
3. then you need to add the ingredients to the container in the following order - pure water room temperature, casein, gelatin, borax;
4. after that, all the ingredients must be thoroughly mixed again, then put in a water bath and heated to a temperature of 90 degrees. During the heating process, the mixture should be constantly stirred.

To give the composition the desired color, a small amount of wood dust can be added to it.

This putty is intended primarily for wooden surfaces. And she is not afraid of moisture. Thanks to this, it can be used for repairing floors, wooden frames, window sills, etc.

Option 2: oil-glue

If the wooden surface will be painted after preparation oil paint, then its puttying is best done with oil-adhesive putty. To make it, you need to prepare the following ingredients:

Making putty with your own hands in this case is extremely simple - you just need to mix all the ingredients until a homogeneous composition is formed.

Option 3: gypsum-chalk

For plastering walls and ceilings great solution is a gypsum-chalk putty, which can also be done at home. For this you will need:

This putty is made as follows:

1. before making the mixture, you need to prepare a suitable container and pour wood glue into it;
2. in a separate container you need to mix the powders;
3. then the mixture of powders should be gradually poured into a container with wood glue and mixed thoroughly. The result should be a homogeneous pasty consistency.

In order to qualitatively stir the mixture, it is advisable to use construction mixer or a drill with a nozzle.

Keep in mind that this putty hardens quickly (within 20-25 minutes), so do not apply it in large quantities.

To increase the hardening time of gypsum putty, you can increase the adhesive content in the composition up to 10 percent.

Another feature is its susceptibility to moisture. Therefore, this composition is only suitable for use in dry rooms.

Option 4: resin putty

Resin putty, as a rule, is used for puttying wooden or wood-shaving surfaces. For its preparation, the following components are required:

To prepare resin putty, you must perform the following steps:

1. first of all, you need to prepare a metal container, then pour ozokerite and rosin into it;
2. then the container must be put on fire and its contents melted;
3. after that, ocher should be added to the container and, without removing from heat, mix until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

It should be noted that this putty is applied hot. Therefore, it must be warmed up before use.

Option 5: asbestos putty

Asbestos putty is widely used for filling walls and ceilings. For its manufacture, the following ingredients are used:

This composition is made quite simply:

• all dry ingredients must be thoroughly mixed;
• immediately before use, add to the dry mix required amount pure water to obtain a paste-like composition.

Option 6: based on benzene

Universal putty, which is suitable for both wood and walls, can be made on the basis of benzene. For its manufacture you will need the following components:

You can prepare such putty with your own hands as follows:

1. in a pre-prepared container, mix rosin and castor oil;
2. then benzene should be poured into the container with a thin string. The resulting composition should be thoroughly mixed.

The advantage of this composition is that it can be stored for several days. This allows you to immediately prepare it in the required volume.

Option 7: heat-resistant putties

If you need a heat-resistant putty, for example, for puttying a rough or fireplace, it can be made based on magnesia oxide. To do this, prepare the following ingredients:

This putty is made quite simply:

1. as usual, you first need to prepare a container of a suitable volume, and then mix the dry powders in it;
2. further, the required amount of water must be added to the powders to form a paste.

There is also another simple recipe for making heat-resistant putty, for which we need:

The preparation process is carried out according to the scheme described above. The result is a paste that tolerates temperatures up to 1500 degrees.

Option 8: latex

Latex paint is known to many for its elasticity, wear resistance, good adhesion to various surfaces and other performance qualities. Latex putty has approximately the same characteristics.

To cook it at home, you need to prepare the following components:

Latex putty is prepared in the following sequence:

Acrylic varnish Irkom

Option 9: acrylic lacquer putty

You can perform high-quality putty based on acrylic varnish. It is excellent for surface restoration.

The composition of such a putty is quite simple - you only need chalk and water-soluble acrylic lacquer. For example, you can use Irkom. Chalk should be added to the varnish until a paste-like consistency is obtained.

If the composition is too thick, a small amount of water should be added to it immediately before application. In order to correct the color, in cases where puttying is performed for the subsequent opening of the surface with varnish, it is necessary to add a small amount of pigments for water-soluble paint.

I must say that this putty is intended for finishing putty. If you need to eliminate significant irregularities, you should add sawdust to the mixture.

The desiccant is part of the putty based on drying oil

Option 10: chalk based drying oil

Chalk putty is great for leveling wooden surfaces for subsequent painting. To prepare it you will need the following ingredients:

To prepare this putty, you should first mix drying oil with a desiccant, then gradually add chalk and mix until a homogeneous paste-like consistency is formed.

This putty can be used even for surfaces that are exposed to temperature changes and moisture.

A few rules for the preparation of putty

We figured out how to make putty at home for different purposes. Finally, I will give a few rules for its preparation, which are often violated by beginners, which leads to various negative consequences:

• water, if it is part of the putty, must be clean. The same applies to the container in which you will mix the components;
• all dry ingredients should be of the finest grinding, and they must be mixed very thoroughly. Otherwise, unevenness or scratches may form on the surface;
• in the process of mixing, it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions, with the exception of liquid components, on which the density of the mixture depends;
• putty should not be used after it begins to set.

Conclusion

There are quite a few options for making putties. Therefore, when choosing, you should focus on the type of surface, operating conditions and, of course, the presence or absence of ingredients at your fingertips. For the rest, just follow the recommendations above.

For more information, see the video in this article. If you have any questions regarding the preparation of putty, ask them in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.

October 6, 2016

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Puttying the walls is an important step repair work. Before we begin to understand the merits of a particular putty or putty for wall decoration, let's clarify whether these materials are different. The Russian dictionary does not distinguish between these words, just one of them “putty” came to us from the German language and is based on the word “spatula” (Spatel) - a spatula or plate with a handle used by doctors and painters.

In construction, such a blade is used to level the surfaces of walls, ceilings and floors, if necessary. The word "putty" (hence - "putty") has a purely Russian root "tow". Tow was used to seal cracks in houses, using a thin stick or flexible spatula, wide at one end and with a comfortable handle at the other.

Since the German Spatel was the best suited for these works, it “took root” in Russian workshops, and the mixture that was used to close up and level the walls was called “putty” or “putty” - it doesn’t matter.

Initially, putty was mixed with their own hands according to their own recipe, the composition practically did not change: lime-sand mortar, kneaded to a state of thick sour cream. Later, oxol (linseed oil), animal glue and chalk were added to the wall putty materials to give the mixture an aesthetic whiteness and additional low shrinkage during solidification.

Modern putty mixtures have also undergone some changes in their composition compared to the last century. Which? This is what we will consider now, and at the same time we will find out what putty is for and whether it is really necessary.

On the video: smooth plaster or smooth putty.

Putty (putty) - universal fast hardening finishing composition special materials used for leveling, repairing walls and other surfaces before the next finishing work.

Judging by the popular name "putty", this mixture is designed to cover cracks, potholes, butt joints and other surface irregularities.

Types of building mixtures

The mixture can be dry (sold in bags) or diluted to the desired consistency - a ready-to-use paste. Both of them have a number of advantages and a number of disadvantages over each other. How to understand all the subtleties yourself, if you have never done puttying before?

The binder component is the basis of all putties-putties. The division of all mixtures into:

• cement putties;
• gypsum putties;
• polymer (acrylic).

Cement

It is clear that the binder in these mixtures is cement, which transfers its best qualities: moisture resistance, durability, resistance to the external environment. Such material is indispensable for interior decoration with high humidity and sudden changes in temperature (kitchens, bathrooms, etc.)

This is an excellent material for walls outside buildings, but then lime (cement-lime putty) is added to its composition. The main disadvantage is a high degree of shrinkage.

Gypsum

Second name - gypsum plaster. Benefits include:

• quick "seizure" of the composition;
• plasticity and ease of use when puttying walls and ceilings;
• the formation of a smooth, durable surface after drying;
• does not shrink.

The main plus is that gypsum putty of the walls will be completely invested in a democratic estimate. Among the shortcomings - the material does not have resistance to water, which means that it cannot be used in wet rooms.

Polymeric (acrylic)

The most modern and convenient option putty mixtures. In terms of adhesion, non-shrinkage, uniformity of drying, complete absence of shrinkage, it has no equal. Due to the fine-grained structure, which gives a very smooth and high-quality-strong surface, acrylic putty can be used not only for wall repairs, but also for pairing parts of different composition.

The mixture is able to hold glass and stone, plastic and fabric, brick and drywall, any putty surface. Ideal for finishing. This - universal option wall plastering work! Of the minuses - the price "bites".

However, the quality of the putty must correspond to the quality of the materials used in construction. Only with this combination can complete interaction of materials and High Quality work.

Specifications, methods of application and mandatory expiration date must be indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging.

Dry and ready mixes

The manufacturer will also offer 2 types of putty mixtures - dry and in the form of a paste. Dry mixes are characterized by a low price and a long shelf life. In their composition, all the necessary components are in a dry state, and only water and thorough mixing are needed to prepare a technical solution. The elementary nature of these actions and the affordability of prices for such putties makes them leaders in the construction market.

However, there is also negative points: a short period of use of the batch - you will have to mix in small parts and work with a spatula very quickly. The mixture dries up literally before our eyes, so you should hurry.

Wet (ready-made) putties are deprived of such a hardening rate. In addition, they do not require proper mixing instructions, but their shelf life is significantly lower than dry, not yet diluted mixtures. The shrinkage of the paste is also large, and their prices are high. It is more convenient to work with them, on the one hand, on the other hand, it is not recommended to apply them with a layer of less than 2 mm.

If there is a large-scale repair with putty large areas, it is better to stop all the same on pastas.

If you have to plaster and putty the wall with your own hands, you will need these tools:

• wide and narrow spatula;
• building rule;
• bucket and construction mixer (in the presence of a dry mix);
• grater for grinding the surface after puttying.

Stages of puttying

The order of puttying the walls is as follows:

1.Starter or putty in the first layer. For this type of work, a coarse mixture will fit, which is called the starting putty. Suitable for covering large differences, you can hide holes and strobes, putty the walls partially or completely, depending on the evenness of the walls. The thickness of the starting layer can reach up to 1.5-2 cm, and in order to give the surface strength, after filling deep cracks and holes, a paint grid must be used.

The strength of the first layer provides not only high-quality alignment, but also complete adhesion with subsequent building materials. Why putty walls before painting or wallpapering? - To keep better!

And do not forget that before applying next layer, you must let the previous one dry well!

2.Putty on the second layer or beacon. The mixture is no different from the mixture for the starting layer. Beacon - a straight flat rail made of wood or metal profile. On this rail we will align the walls horizontally and vertically. It is necessary to fix the beacons on the wall and proceed to the second layer of puttying.
With the help of the level, we carefully check the quality of our secondary finishes.

By the way, if the walls turned out to be even after the starting, first layer, this stage can be skipped. The decision is made depending on the decorative coating walls.

3.Finishing or putty in the third layer. Whether or not you decide on the second layer, you will have to do the finishing putty. Why do I need putty if the walls are already perfectly smooth? It is she who will give the surface perfect smoothness, eliminate the smallest cracks that could form during the drying of a thick layer. The last finishing layer should be thin, almost transparent, like a primer, which you, of course, did not forget to apply under the first, starting layer.

Since the finishing putty is akin to a primer, it is not difficult to make such a primer-putty for walls with your own hands: it is enough to dilute the remaining mixture liquid-liquid. Often this method of priming ( liquid putty) is used before applying the first starting layer, but this is wrong! A real primer will lay down better and penetrate deeper and prevent mold growth. Use the right primers, each type of putty will suit its own!

Universal putties are very convenient in all respects and for all layers, working with them is a real pleasure, and the most unprepared novice master who does not know how to properly hold a spatula can handle it.

Important Rules

When working on leveling walls, you must adhere to the following rules:

1. Puttying is done on solid, solid bases.
2. The base must be absolutely clean.
3. Putty is applied after priming the surface to create an adhesive effect.
4. Apply layers with a wide spatula.
5. For large irregularities, another 2-3 layers should be applied.
6. Each layer should be allowed time to dry well.
7. It will be necessary to putty the walls under the wallpaper three times, for painting - up to 5 times.
8. The finishing putty is applied with a thin, primer layer.
9. After the last layer has completely dried, be sure to sand the wall with fine-grained sandpaper.

“In everything big there is gradualness, not suddenness and instantaneity!” - once remarked the great poet and philosopher Goethe. This principle must also be followed when puttying the walls, this is a prerequisite: you have applied a layer - wait for it to dry completely! Otherwise, the masterpiece will not work. The wallpaper will bubble and cover dark spots, move away from the wall and hang from the ceiling. The paint will lie in uneven stripes, swell and crack in the first weeks after painting.

Puttying the walls with your own hands is a simple task, as it might seem at first glance. To help you use the tools correctly and apply layers, small but very useful video tutorials from professional masters below will help you.

How to putty walls (2 videos)

The task of finishing putty is to create the most even and smooth surface for further finishing of walls and ceilings: be it painting, wallpapering or decorative plaster. Today on the market building materials various brands offer the consumer a huge selection of such mixtures.

Distinctive features of the finishing putty, which should be considered when working, are:

• The composition contains fine-grained granules, which allows you to get a smooth surface;
• Excellent adhesion - adhesion of the material to the treated surface;
• After drying, the mixture becomes snow-white, which allows you to paint the surface using any color;
• The putty mixture should be easily applied to the surface;
• Due to its consistency, it is possible to apply the thinnest layer of the solution;
• Subject to all necessary conditions and technology does not crack after drying.

Choose the composition

How to choose the right composition to get the desired result? When buying a finishing putty, read the instructions on the package. The manufacturer usually indicates all the features of the application of this product. It will not be superfluous to go to a special forum and read the recommendations and reviews of experts.

Tip: Masters with many years of experience are advised to choose finishing and starting putties from the same manufacturer - this will be the key to success in work and getting an excellent result.

It is worth listening to the opinion of experts and not experimenting with materials at each stage of work. It should be borne in mind that after applying to the surface, the finishing mixture dries quickly enough - it takes about 15 minutes. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly stir the composition so that there are no lumps and it is homogeneous.

On the shelves of specialized stores we can find finishing putties in the form of dry mixes for self-preparation and ready-made in various containers.

So, according to the component composition, the following types of material can be distinguished:

• Cement;
• plaster;
• Polymer.

cement mixture

Cement mix is ​​an old tried and true surface finishing method that has been used for many years. It is used both for outdoor work and indoors. This is the best putty for filling cracks on the surface.

One of its main advantages is its strength and resistance to moisture, which makes it possible to use this material in rooms with high humidity: bathrooms, swimming pools, kitchens, etc. Also cement mortar not afraid of frost, changes in air temperature. It can be used in rooms that are not heated, such as a garage, a loggia, a balcony. One of the main drawbacks, perhaps, is the ability to shrink and crack.

There is both a starting cement putty and a finishing one.

1. Home cement mixture is a coarse-grained mortar, which is used to seal large cracks on the surface. The layer thickness can reach 1.5 mm.
2. Finishing putty is used for fine puttying. Thanks to the fine grain quartz sand in its composition, you can achieve a smooth surface. But at the same time large cracks and won't hide imperfections. They produce cement putty in dry and liquid form. The dry mixture requires self-preparation of the solution: it is necessary to dilute with water to the desired consistency. At the same time, it has good adhesion and does not crack when it dries.

Liquid cement putty, which can be found packaged in buckets, is ready to use. Its cost is higher and at the same time it shrinks, which leads to cracking. Therefore, it is used to process small areas surfaces and seal cracks and cracks.

For many years, products of the brands Knauf, Vetonit, Bergauf, Prospectors, Polymix, Plitonite have been very popular on the building materials market. They offer the consumer a huge selection of various primers, plasters and putties, packaged both in bags and ready-made in buckets. And cement finishing putty is no exception.

	Facade putty Finish cement is a dry mix (25 kg) with mineral and polymer additives for good adhesion. The scope of its application is external and internal work. The finely dispersed structure of this putty allows you to apply a thin layer of the mixture on the surface before painting and plastering.
	Finishing putty Vetonit - based on white cement for exterior and internal works, packed in bags of 5 and 20 kg. It has good moisture resistance. Suitable for processing concrete, brick, plasterboard.

Gypsum putty

Masters have been using gypsum-based finishing putty for a very long time. It is affordable and easy to use. Its ability to absorb moisture allows it to be used for decoration only indoors with a normal level of humidity. Characteristic features gypsum mixture are its environmental friendliness, the ability of the surface to breathe. It dries faster than cement putty and does not shrink. They are not used for painting, since water-based paints are used for this, and gypsum is afraid of moisture.

	Finishing putty Rotbandon the plaster base has excellent technical characteristics. It will help to make superfinish alignment of walls and ceilings. Suitable for processing drywall, gypsum and cement plasters. Packed in a 25 kg paper bag. Possesses the high durability, resistance to formation of cracks, during the work does not dust.
	Dry mixture based on Bergauf gypsum, packaging - 18 kg bag. Can be used on any surface, from concrete to wood. Does not shrink, unpretentious in work. Used before wallpapering, painting, decorative plaster. Quite economical in use - the consumption when applying a layer of 1 mm is about 0.8 kg per square meter.
	Gypsum putty Starateli is designed for finishing walls and ceilings. Is issued in bags of 5, 12 and 20 kg. Due to the presence of high-quality components, it has plasticity, which allows it to be used under thin wallpaper and decorative plaster, non-shrink.

Polymer putty

V Lately polymer (acrylic, latex) finishing putties are gaining more and more popularity. Thanks to their special multi-component composition, they have significantly expanded the possibilities of putty as a finish. They have high properties of strength, moisture resistance, elasticity.

After all, the presence of the smallest fractions in the composition of the mixture allows you to apply the thinnest layer of putty, which contributes to the smoothness of the surface. And also this moment will reduce the consumption of the solution per square meter of the treated surface. Despite the high cost, unlike cement and gypsum putty, are widely used, because they give excellent results.

	Putty Ekonsilk base is made both for exterior finish, as well as internal. Used for sealing seams and joints of drywall, cracks and irregularities. The maximum size of fractions is 0.2 mm, waterproof.
	Shitrok Super Finish ready-to-use paste putty mixture is made on the basis of marble and binding components. It is distinguished by high quality and versatility, which allows it to be used for painting, plastering, wallpapering. Due to elasticity it is convenient in work, frost-resistant. Has quality certificates.
	Finishing puttypolymer-based Bergauf is suitable for interior work with normal humidity. It is applied to processing of any surfaces under wall-paper, painting, plaster. Differs in snow-white, is not showered, easily gives in to grinding.
	White polymer putty Ceresit for finishing interior decoration possesses high adhesion, plasticity, environmental friendliness. And special additives allow you to get White color putties. Used for painting and wallpapering. Not recommended for use in wet areas. Made according to GOST.

	Axton gypsum-based universal putty is made for interior decoration. Use for leveling them under wallpaper, tile and plaster. Possesses durability and hardness, environmentally friendly production.
	The Knauf trademark offers ready-made finishing putty Rotband paste pro. This high-quality product is able to mask small cracks and irregularities, as well as give a white color to walls and ceilings.
	Putty from TM Knauf Multi-Finish will help prepare walls and ceilings for high quality painting due to the presence of special components in its composition that allow achieving a smooth surface.

Also, manufacturers of putty materials offer a large selection of universal mixtures. So, with the help of car finishing putty, you can eliminate minor defects and scratches on the car body.

Elimination of small cracks (video)

Surface preparation

Before filling the walls or ceiling, it is necessary to carefully prepare them for work. So, if there are residues of wallpaper, paint or plaster, it is necessary to clean the entire surface. Before you start puttying, the planes need to be primed. This process will improve the adhesion between the putty mixture and the treated surface. Using a small roller, apply a primer, one layer will be enough.

The next stage of work will be the application of the starting putty, which is a coarse-grained solution of various components. As we said earlier: it is advisable to take the start and finish of one manufacturer for good contact between materials.

Starting putty can be applied in a couple of layers. But before applying each subsequent layer, the previous one must harden and dry. To apply the solution at the joints and seams of drywall, various materials are used for reinforcement: sickle mesh, special paper tapes, corners, etc. They will allow the putty to adhere firmly to such problem areas.

There is a lighthouse type of putty. This method consists in using beacons made of metal or plaster. These fixtures are fixed to the surface with gypsum mortar. After it dries, we apply putty, and use a level to check the quality.

Applying the finishing coat

The main condition for successful and high-quality finishing is the maximum leveling of the surface with the starting putty. Compliance with the entire technology of this process will ensure the smoothness and evenness of the walls and ceilings.

First, you need to prepare a putty solution. When using a dry mix, follow the instructions in the preparation instructions. First, pour a little water into the container and add the mixture in the proportion indicated on the package. Then add more liquid and knead with a mixer until the desired consistency and uniformity.

Apply the solution to the surface with a spatula in a thin layer. To apply putty on a surface with a large area, use an airbrush or spray gun. So, finishing putty for painting or wallpapering is applied with the highest quality. And after drying, you need to grind the surface: either with a grinder, or manually with sandpaper or sandpaper.

Filling cracks in the wall

Before proceeding with the processing of large planes, you must first putty the existing cracks. Usually, gypsum-based putty is used for this. So, for example, cracks on slopes can be repaired in this way: two strips 25 and 15 cm wide must be cut out of wallpaper paper; apply glue on a 25 cm strip and put a second narrower strip on top, after wetting it with water. And stick this paper between the jamb and the wall. After the glue dries, you can start filling.

To get a beautiful wall finish, you need to properly prepare the surface. To do this, you need to align the walls as much as possible with puttying. Achieving good results is very simple, the main thing is to correctly choose the material, tools for work and study the nuances of applying putty.

How to putty walls with your own hands

Almost all types of finishing measures (except for tiling or special panels) require preliminary leveling of the walls. Particular attention should be paid to surface treatment for painting or wallpaper. What materials are used for processing, how to properly putty the walls? The answers to these and other questions can be found below. First, we will talk about leveling surfaces for wallpaper and paintwork.

Wall putty for wallpaper

Many are interested in this topic: the elimination of irregularities from the surface on which it is planned to paste the wallpaper. As a rule, the walls are put in order with the help of a special paste - putty. Before processing, the surface should be checked for defects. For this, it is applied special tool- a rule that is applied to the wall horizontally, vertically, diagonally. If a gap is visible on the site, then this indicates irregularities.

How to putty walls under wallpaper? The material should be applied in a layer, the thickness of which should be no more than 5 millimeters (if the coating is thicker, it will not dry well and peel off quickly). To obtain a uniform coating, it is recommended to use a large spatula, which should be held at an angle of 30 degrees. Puttying can be started under the ceiling or from below, and it is more convenient to process the corners with a small spatula. To effectively level the dried putty, you need to use a skin with specific parameters: P80-P120 (the cost is about 150-180 rubles).

Wall putty for painting

To paintwork it turned out beautiful, perfectly smooth and looked aesthetically pleasing to the maximum, you need to know how to putty the walls for painting. Below are tips for applying putty before painting:

1. It is better to choose spatulas of medium and small dimensions.
2. Sandpaper should have a P120 grit. The touch-up coating must be sanded very carefully.
3. It is advisable to work during the day when the room is bright. This is necessary to detect every smallest defect.
4. You can create additional lighting, but for this you should conduct light from another room.
5. How to properly putty walls before applying paint? The technology for applying the leveling composition is identical to the process of puttying the surface under the wallpaper. The only difference: you need to more carefully and carefully eliminate even the most minor flaws.
6. If it is not possible to learn how to do repairs with your own hands, then it is better to invite specialists. The price of their services varies depending on many factors.

How to choose putty

A mass of pasty consistency, consisting of small parts of a mineral substance (gypsum, lime, chalk, and so on), which is used to level surfaces, is putty. Before you putty the walls, you need to do right choice material. It is necessary to pay attention to the size of the particles: the smaller they are, the thinner the coating layer will be. The putty mixture is classified depending on the type of binder, level of preparation, purpose.

By the type of "bundle" putty can be:

• plaster (it is used to process the internal walls of the building);
• cement (suitable for rooms with a high level of humidity);
• polymer (used at the final stage of work, because it allows you to create a perfectly flat wall).

Classification by degree of readiness:

• ready;
• dry.

Depending on destination:

• leveling putty (for surface pretreatment);
• finishing (for smoothing walls up to 1 mm);
• specialized putty (for a specific purpose, which is indicated on the package);
• universal mass(all types of destination);
• decorative (to create a specific texture on the walls, has the highest price).

Wall putty price

Before learning how to properly putty internal walls premises, you need to purchase a leveling compound. The price often depends on the type of coating, the manufacturer and the weight of the package. Putty can be ordered in a specialized store, bought inexpensively in an online store or in the construction market according to a catalog. Below is a table with approximate price finishing material different types.

Wall putty technology

Front detailed description how to properly putty a wall, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the general step by step technology process:

1. It is possible to qualitatively putty the walls only when the surface has been previously prepared. The wall must be cleaned of dust, dirt, and then repair the defects with acrylic or glue.
2. After that, the surface is treated with antiseptic agents, a primer is applied.
3. After the primer layer has dried, you can begin to putty and clean the surface.

Preparing walls for plastering

When filling walls, there is no need to use beacons or reinforcing mesh. Before starting work, the walls must be carefully prepared. The wall must be perfectly clean: it is necessary to remove stains, old plaster, scale. It is also not recommended to putty frozen surfaces. Before applying the leveling mass, it is necessary to treat the wall with a primer (the price of this material is affordable and low) - this is necessary for better adhesion of the surface and putty. The primer mixture is applied in one even layer using a special roller.

Starting putty

First, a starting putty is applied to the wall, which is needed to eliminate cracks, assembly joints, various holes and similar flaws. "Start" is laid out in several dense layers (2-5 mm). The solution is prepared from dry powder and water. Not every beginner can “recognize” the starting coating, but the specialist immediately sees it: such a putty is darker and has a loose structure after hardening. You need to plaster with a wide tool. After drying, each layer is polished with a special mesh or coarse-grained emery.

Applying finishing coat to walls

When the starting layer has hardened, it is applied finishing putty using a medium sized tool. It is laid out in a thin layer, which makes the surface of the wall perfectly smooth, beautiful. The main objective of this event is the elimination of absolutely all pores, scratches and other irregularities of the previous layer. Incorrect, poor-quality performance of any of the stages can cause deep cracks, peeling of the coating and spoil the aesthetics of the room. The price of the final material is higher than that of the starting raw material.

How to apply putty on the wall

To putty the surface of the walls with your own hands, a certain set of equipment will come in handy:

1. Drill with a special mixer. Most of the putty range is produced in dry form. The powder is best diluted in water. To mix these two components to a homogeneous, thick consistency, you must use a drill with a mixer attachment.
2. A set of spatulas of different sizes. When filling walls, tools of large and small sizes are useful. Small spatulas are used for processing hard-to-reach areas (for example, corners).
3. Rule. This metal fixture It is used for convenient and high-quality leveling of the putty mixture.
4. Laser level used before applying the starting layer. To check how flat the wall is, you need to set the beacons and the level.
5. Rollers and brushes for priming. This step cannot be skipped. A thin but durable primer film increases the strength of the walls, and is also a guarantee high level adhesion (adhesion) with any finishing building material.
6. Sandpaper helps to remove excess particles of material and create a perfectly smooth, even surface. For mashing the starting layer, it is better to use a coarse-grained skin, and for the finishing layer - with the smallest grains.
7. It is always possible to purchase the necessary tools at an affordable price.

How to properly apply putty on interior walls? The process technology is as follows:

1. Ready mix for leveling, it is typed with a spatula with a narrow base.
2. Then it is applied to a wide instrument and rubbed over it.
3. The spatula is applied to the surface. The mass is stretched along the wall from left to right.
4. Excess mixture is removed by moving the spatula in reverse side.
5. So several layers are laid out.

How to putty wall corners

To correctly putty the corners, you need to use a special tool - an angular spatula. It is suitable for processing internal and outside corners. First applied to the surface enough mixture, and then smooth it with a spatula until the desired result is obtained. Thickness of putty inner corner should be 2-5 mm, because it is not easy to overwrite such a surface. For outside corners, more material may be allowed as they will be sanded with 150 grit sandpaper.

How to level walls with putty

At the end of the article, you can familiarize yourself with the basic rules for leveling the internal surfaces of a residential building. How to properly putty walls? It is worth adhering to this technology:

1. First, a little gypsum or lime mortar.
2. A small spatula is taken, cracks, cracks, chips in a concrete or brick wall are sealed with it.
3. Putty is applied gradually, evenly distributed over the entire surface.
4. A long ruler or rule controls the alignment result.
5. Walls and joints are sanded after the final hardening of the starting and finishing layers.

Video: do-it-yourself wall putty

Starting repairs in the house, you should draw up an accurate, comprehensive work plan and follow it clearly. Special attention should be given to the walls. Unfortunately, not a single paint, whitewash or wallpaper can hide cosmetic defects and flaws. wall panels. Even in a new, newly built building, the quality and evenness of the walls leave much to be desired, which means that you will have to do something yourself.

Putty is the building material that allows you to level the walls and get rid of cracks and irregularities before final finishing or decorating walls or other panels, which will allow you to make repairs with high quality.

Types of putties and their properties

Manufacturers of building materials offer putties already prepared and dry, sold in bags in the form of mixtures. When choosing here or another form of material release, you should pay attention to the marking indicated on the package. The letters KR or LR indicate that the putty is intended for ordinary rooms, and the VH marking implies use for rooms with high humidity.

There is no tangible difference between the already finished putty and the dry mix. There are small nuances, such as additional additives, maximum thickness layer obtained in one application.

An open jar or a prepared amount of putty mixture must be used within 24 hours, otherwise it will lose all its properties, it will be difficult and difficult to apply, and good result when working with such a tool is not guaranteed.

There are also starting and finishing putties designed for certain stages of puttying.

To dilute the dry mix you will need:

• dry putty mixture;
• water;
• container for mixing;
• construction mixer or drill with a special nozzle.

Usually putty is diluted in a ratio of 1 l cold water per 2.5 kg of dry mix.

The resulting putty mixture should be close in consistency to thick sour cream. Too much liquid composition will flow down the wall, thicker - clumping in a limited area, preventing an even layer of the product from being applied.

It should be remembered that the resulting mixture can neither be thickened with an additional portion of dry powder, nor diluted with water. Particular attention should be paid to preventing the ingress of foreign matter and dirt (particles of old material from the mixer, small stones, etc.).

Required Tool

Puttying is not such a complicated process and can be done independently. Various tools are required for the job.

1. different sizes small to large (some wall areas will require spatulas up to 60 cm long). The blades of working spatulas should be even and smooth, without nicks. If your spatulas do not meet this requirement, lightly sand the surfaces with fine sandpaper.

   

2. , it will be needed to apply a hefty portion of putty on especially large irregularities and cracks in the walls.

   

3. . This tool is useful when repairing accidental damage to a fresh layer of putty. Due to the elasticity of the material and small size the spatula is convenient for applying small portions of putty to the surface and allows you to level the recesses without creating new irregularities.

   

4. Level .
5. . Fine-grained sandpaper will be very useful for the final grouting of completely puttied walls. And coarse sandpaper is useful before applying the first layer of putty mixture, it is good to rub the walls with such paper, removing irregularities and roughness.

   

6. , firmly fixing and holding the abrasive. It should be remembered that some coatings cannot be sanded after the final layer!

   

7. Primer and priming tools. Brushes and rollers must be clean and free of foreign material.
8. Corner profile or painting grid.

   

Stages of puttying

The whole process of applying putty material can be divided into successive stages.

Stage 1. Removing old paint or wallpaper and cleaning the walls

The main task of this stage is to make the walls as clean as possible. To do this, all stains (rust, dirt, grease) should be removed. Places of localization of mold - treat with specially designed compounds. All decorative and facing materials from the walls must be removed. Old plaster- knock down. When carrying out the above works, spatulas, building washes and other solutions are used to facilitate the stage of cleaning the walls. The cleaned walls need to be dried, without draft, on average, it takes from 12 to 24 hours to dry.

Stage 2. Primer

Many neglect the priming of the walls, which is absolutely in vain. The surface treated with a primer acquires greater strength and is better suited for puttying, due to the good adhesion of the putty mixture to the primed wall.

“Clean” walls are primed in two layers, if plastering of the walls is supposed to be enough and one layer of primer before puttying. Primer creates thin film on the surface of the wall and protects against the development of fungus and mold.

To work, you will need two spatulas - the middle one for collecting the working mass from the container and distributing it with a uniform comb over a larger spatula, which will level the putty on the wall. "Working" spatulas may vary depending on the section of the wall.

Experts advise starting work from the left edge and moving clockwise. The wall is puttied with a little overlap, trying to level the putty mixture as much as possible. It is important to avoid applying too much putty. The spatula should be moved diagonally, imitating the movements of car “wipers”, running the tool along the wall at an angle of 30-35 degrees towards you and without too much pressure.

It is important to let each layer dry thoroughly - this will serve as a guarantee of a strong and durable coating.

How to handle corners?

To get a perfectly even angle, you can use a special corner spatula. The main nuance is that the putty mass is applied to the wall itself and leveled with a spatula from top to bottom.

There is a use case corner profile, which is glued into the corner before the first puttying or plastering. However, this method is not applicable if the walls are being prepared for painting.

In this case, you can leave more putty in the corners and bring the joints of wall panels to an ideal state at the stage of final grinding.

Stage 3. Applying the first layer of putty

The first layer is usually the densest. If the walls are too uneven, then a special mesh is attached over the entire surface area, which is glued with building glue. If the walls are sufficiently even, then the paint mesh is glued only in the corners (internal and external). The stronger and stiffer the material, the smoother the puttied surface will be.

If there are strobes and deep cracks in the walls, then the putty is first applied locally, having previously primed the cleft, and then the entire wall is treated with putty.

Building brands offer special starting putties for this stage, which have higher elasticity and allow you to apply a layer up to 1 cm thick. But such a layer will dry for at least 24 hours. The recommended starting layer thickness is 5 mm.

Stage 4. Second putty using beacons

This stage of work is similar to the previous one, only in the course of its implementation, the evenness of the wall is constantly checked by a building rule or level. The second layer is much thinner than the first.

An important point: when making the second puttying, you need to “stretch” the surface as best as possible, giving it maximum evenness.

Stage 5. Final third puttying

The thinnest layer, its thickness is not more than 2.5 mm. For this stage, there are also special mixtures, the main task of which is to give the surface smoothness. But, if the previous steps were performed poorly, this layer will not be able to correct the situation.

Stage 6. Final drying

Puttyed walls are dried at closed windows and temperature fluctuations. Sharp fluctuations in thermal conditions and drafts can cause cracks and deformations in the putty coating. Drying using electrical installations and heaters is unacceptable. That is, you need to dry the room with the windows closed, but the interior doors wide open.

Stage 7. Grouting and sanding

To give the wall a final smoothness, it must be sanded using a holder. It is important to understand that when preparing walls for wallpapering, it is necessary to sand with an abrasive with a grain size in the range from P80 to P120. When preparing the wall for painting - from P120 - P150, after which the wall is primed and dried again.

Puttying is not a very complicated process, but it requires patience and certain skills in working with a spatula and tools.

Video - How to properly putty walls?