Mortars from a mixture of sand, lime and cement are used for and niches on wood, concrete and stone surfaces. For plastering works ready-made finishing heavy mortar according to GOST 28013-98.
Characteristics
The main parameters that determine the properties of the prepared solution are:
- ability to retain water;
- mobility;
- the degree of delamination;
- average density;
- temperature regime of application.
Freshly prepared mixtures are tested for water retention capacity in factory laboratories. These figures should not be less than 95% in winter and less than 90% in summer.
Important. As a result of transportation to construction sites, the water retention capacity of the finished solution may decrease, but should not become less than 75% of the indicator that was established by the laboratory. It is strictly forbidden to add water to already set solutions.
Low degree of delamination ready-made formulations very important, since it reduces the possibility of separating it into liquid and solid fractions during transportation and pumping through hoses.
The main properties of the composition in hardened form are:
- frost resistance;
- its compressive strength;
- density.
All these properties must be acquired by the hardened composition at the design age, which is determined at 28 days. The only exceptions are mixtures with gypsum binders.
Lime ready-made finishing heavy mortar according to GOST 28013-98 must have an average density of at least 1500 kg / m3.
Durability for finishing ready mixes much lower than that of concrete or masonry mixtures. The fact is that plasters carry practically no load.
Preparation
There are some possible options preparation of lime mortar mixtures for the production finishing works... The necessary mixtures can be ordered from mortar plants or special mortar units. They can also be made directly at the construction site ().
In the factory
The process of factory preparation of solutions consists of a clear dosing of the initial components, loading them into the container of the mortar mixer and high-quality mixing there. The purpose of mixing is to obtain a homogeneous mass in the drum.
Structurally, mortar mixers differ in vertical or horizontal blade shaft. They come in various volumes from 30 to 900 liters.
Important. In order for the prepared solution to have desired properties, it is necessary to achieve by mixing the homogeneity of the composition. For this, the minimum mixing time is limited. For heavy lime mortars, the kneading time should not be less than 3 minutes.
Ready-made solutions from factories to construction sites are delivered by dump trucks or vehicles that are specially equipped for this. During transportation, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of loss of material, moistening it atmospheric precipitation, a sharp change in temperature.
To protect the composition from hypothermia in winter, car bodies must be insulated or heated. At construction sites, the finished finishing solution is fed to the place of application through pipes or unloaded into special buckets, which are lifted to the floors with a crane.
In building conditions
The finishing solution required for plastering work can be made directly at the construction site.
This is beneficial when:
- the concrete-mortar plant is located at a very significant distance from the construction site, the price of one cube of mortar, including delivery, turns out to be too high;
- the amount of plastering work is small, so it is not profitable to buy a whole mortar machine.
In this case, you can prepare a lime mortar with your own hands, observing the necessary technology.
Step-by-step instructions for preparing a heavy cement-lime mortar:
- first of all, the day before cooking, you need to extinguish the lime, quicklime we put it in a metal bucket, fill it with water and close it with a lid, pressing the lid with a load;
- after graduation chemical reaction in a bucket, filter the resulting composition through cheesecloth;
- sift sand through a metal mesh with 3x3 mm cells;
- prepare a box or trough, the depth of which will be about 20 cm;
- pour sand in the center of the trough with a slide, taking into account that 3 parts of sand and 1 part of milk of lime will go to 1 part of cement;
- pour cement on top of the sand and mix;
- add 1 part of the milk of lime and mix until smooth.
You can use a self-prepared solution only on the day of manufacture. It is clear that when dosing components, you can make a mistake and not get the material you want in terms of quality.
Optimal results can be obtained using ready-made building mixtures prefabricated. All components have already been selected and mixed there, it remains to add only water.
The use of dry plaster mixtures for the manufacture of finishing solutions increases labor productivity and improves the quality of the work performed. Kneading can be done in small portions, using a drill with a special attachment - a mixer for better mixing of the composition.
Summary
Lime-cement mortars are obtained by mixing a cement-sand mixture with milk of lime and are used for plastering inside and outside buildings (). In the video presented in this article, you will find Additional information on this topic.
Building mortars are characterized by three main parameters: density, type of binder and their purpose. Depending on the density (in a dry state), heavy (with a density of 1500 kg / m 3 and more) and light (with a density of less than 1500 kg / m 3) solutions are distinguished. For the manufacture of heavy solutions, heavy quartz or other sands are used; fillers in light solutions are light porous sands from pumice, tuff, slag, expanded clay, etc. Light solutions are also obtained with the help of foaming additives - porous solutions.
By the type of binder, building solutions are divided into cement (on Portland cement or its varieties), lime (on air or hydraulic lime), gypsum (based on gypsum binders) and mixed (on cement-lime, cement-clay, lime-gypsum binder) ... Solutions prepared on one binder are called simple, and on several binders - mixed (complex).
According to their intended purpose, building mortars are masonry (for masonry, installation of walls from large-sized elements), finishing (for plastering rooms, applying decorative layers on wall blocks and panels), special, with special properties (waterproofing, acoustic, X-ray protective).
The choice of a binder depends on the purpose of the solution, the requirements imposed on it, the temperature and humidity conditions of hardening and the operating conditions of the building. Portland cements, pozzolanic Portland cements, slag Portland cements, special low-grade cements, lime, gypsum binder are used as binders. To save hydraulic binders and improve the technological properties of mortars, mixed binders are widely used. Lime in mortars is used in the form of lime dough or milk. Gypsum is mainly used in plastering mortars as an additive to lime.
The water used for mortars should not contain impurities that have a harmful effect on the hardening of the binder. Suitable for these purposes tap water... If the solution is applied in winter conditions, hardening accelerators are added to its composition, as well as additives that reduce the freezing point of water (calcium chloride, sodium chloride, potash, sodium nitrate, etc.)
Mortar composition denote the amount (by weight or volume) of materials per 1 m 3 of the solution or the relative ratio (by weight or volume) of the starting dry materials. In this case, the consumption of the binder is taken as 1. For simple solutions consisting of a binder (cement or lime) and not containing mineral additives, the composition is designated 1: 4, i.e. for 1 wt. including cement accounts for 4 wt. hours of sand. Mixed solutions consisting of two binders or containing mineral additives are denoted by three numbers, for example 1: 3: 4 (cement: lime: sand).
The quality of mortar mixtures is characterized by their workability - the ability to fit without special compaction on the base with a thin layer filling all its irregularities. Workability is due to the mobility and water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures.
Mobility- the ability of the mortar mixture to spread under the influence of its own mass. Mobility is determined (in cm) by the depth of immersion in the mortar mixture of a reference cone weighing 300 g with apex angle of 30 ° and a height of 15 cm. The deeper the cone is immersed in the mortar mixture, the more mobile it has. The degree of mobility of the mixture depends on the amount of water, on the composition and properties of the starting materials. To increase the mobility of mortar mixtures, plasticizing additives are added to them, as well as surfactants. The mobility of mortars, depending on their purpose and method of installation, should be as follows.
Brick wall masonry, concrete stones, stones from the lungs rocks: 9-13.
Wall masonry made of hollow bricks, ceramic stones: 7-8.
Filling horizontal joints when installing walls made of concrete blocks and panels; jointing vertical and horizontal seams: 5-7.
Rubble masonry: 4-6.
Filling of voids in rubble masonry: 13-15.
Water-holding capacity call the property of the solution to retain water when laying it on a porous base. If the mortar has good water-holding capacity, partial suction of the water condenses it in the masonry, which increases the strength of the mortar. Water holding capacity depends on the ratio component parts mortar mixture. It increases with an increase in cement consumption, replacement of some of the cement with lime, the introduction of highly dispersed additives (ash, clay, etc.), as well as some surfactants.
Strength hardened mortar depends on the activity of the binder, water-cement ratio, duration and conditions of hardening (temperature and humidity environment). When laying mortar mixtures on a porous base, capable of intensively sucking out water, the solidification strength of the mortar is much higher than that of the same mortar laid on a solid base. The strength of the mortar depends on its grade, which is set according to the ultimate compressive strength after 28 days of hardening at an air temperature of 5-25 ° C. There are the following grades of solutions: 4, 10, 15, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300.
Frost resistance solutions are determined by the number of cycles of alternate freezing and thawing until the loss of 15% of the original strength (or 5% of the mass). According to frost resistance, solutions are subdivided into Mrz grades from 10 to 300.
The choice of brand and composition of the solution depends on the type of building, the conditions of its operation, as well as on the planned degree of durability (Table 4). Buildings located above the ground with a relative humidity of up to 60% inside, as well as underground structures in soils with a low level of moisture, they are placed on cement-lime and cement-clay mortars. In this case, the solutions should have a ratio of the volume of lime (clay) dough to the volume of cement not exceeding 1.5: 1. If the humidity inside the building is more than 60%, or the soil has high humidity, this ratio should not exceed 1: 1. Lime and clay are not used in mortars for masonry located below the groundwater level.
Table 4. Masonry mortar brands.
| Solution type | Durability of buildings | ||
| I | II | III | |
| Structures located below the level of the waterproofing layer | |||
| Cement-lime when filling the pore volume of the soil with water (in%): | |||
| up to 50 | 25 | 10 | 10 |
| 50-80 | 50 | 25 | 10 |
| Cement-clay when filling the pore volume of the soil with water (in%) | |||
| up to 50 | 25 | 10 | 10 |
| 50-80 | 50 | 25 | 10 |
| Cement with plasticizing additives when filling more than 80% of the pore volume of the soil with water | 50 | 25 | 10 |
| Structures located above the level of the waterproofing layer | |||
| Cement-lime at relative humidity (%): | |||
| up to 60 | 10 | 10 | 4 |
| 60-75 | 25 | 25 | 10 |
| 75 and more | 50 | 25 | 10 |
| Cement-clay at relative humidity (%): | |||
| up to 60 | 10 | 10 | 5 |
| 60-75 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| 75 and more | 50 | 50 | 25 |
Cement-lime and cement-clay mortars in summer conditions are used in the construction of buildings, the height of which does not exceed three floors. The brand of clay mortar used in dry climates is 10, in moderately humid - 2, and for mortar with additives - 4. Consumption of binders depends on the composition of the solution (Table 5), as well as the brand of binder and mortar (Table 6).
Table 5. Compositions of mortars for masonry (in parts by volume).
| Cement grade | Solution grade | |||||
| 100 | 75 | 50 | 25 | 10 | 4 | |
| Cement-clay mortars | ||||||
| 25 | - | - | - | - | - | 1:0,2:3 |
| 50 | - | - | - | - | 1:0,1:2,5 | 1:0,7:6 |
| 100 | - | - | - | 1:0,1:2 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:0,9:7 |
| 150 | - | - | - | 1:0,3:3,5 | 1:1:9 | 1:1:9 |
| 200 | - | - | 1:0,1:2,5 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:1:9 | - |
| 250 | - | - | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,7:6 | - | - |
| 300 | - | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:1:9 | - | - |
| 400 | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,7:8 | 1:1:11 | - | - |
| 500 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:1:8 | - | - | - |
| 600 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:0,7:6 | - | - | - | - |
| Cement-lime mortars for masonry in conditions high humidity (60-75%) | ||||||
| 100 | - | - | - | 1:0,1:2 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:0,7:7 |
| 150 | - | - | - | 1:0,3:3,5 | 1:0,7:9 | - |
| 200 | - | - | 1:0,1:2,5 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:0,7:9 | - |
| 250 | - | - | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,7:6 | - | - |
| 300 | - | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,4:5 | 1:0,7:9 | - | - |
| 400 | 1:0,2:3 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,7:6 | - | 1:0,7:11 | - |
| 500 | 1:0,3:4 | 1:0,5:5 | 1:0,7:8 | - | - | - |
| 600 | 1:0,4:4,5 | 1:0,7:6 | - | - | - | - |
For masonry walls made of dry and porous stone materials use solutions with greater mobility, for masonry from wet and dense materials - with less.
Plaster cement lime sand mixture.
When performing construction and is very often used plaster cement lime sand mixture for brick, concrete and wooden walls... And although the popularity of gypsum plaster mixes is huge, many customers still choose cement-lime mortars for plaster. Izvestkovo cement mortar for plastering walls has a lot positive characteristics, but its main plus is its relatively low price. This material is ductile and, moreover, very durable. Cement-lime plaster has excellent adhesion to the surface and is usually used for finishing interior walls rooms with high humidity.Cement-lime mortar composition.
IN composition of cement-lime mortar consists of three components: binder (cement and lime), filler (sand) and water. To make the mortar, you need fresh cement grade 400 or 500. With long-term storage of cement under conditions far from ideal, the grade of cement decreases, and, accordingly, the properties deteriorate. After a month of such storage, the M 500 grade will turn out to be M 450, and in six months the cement can lose a quarter of its properties.
River or quarry sand must be sieved through a mesh with a mesh of 3-5 mm. For the preparation of plaster, quarry sand is usually used, since it contains a small amount, so the solution turns out to be a little softer and more plastic. Also, to increase plasticity, PVA glue can be added (0.5 liters per 20 liters of solution), liquid soap(about 0.2 liters per 20 liters of mortar) or add plasticizers.
If the lime is not slaked, then it must be extinguished. Lime is poured into a barrel and filled with water, observing basic safety rules and using goggles and gloves for protection, since a huge amount of heat is released due to a chemical reaction.
Cement-lime mortar proportions.
The proportions for plastering with a cement-lime mortar during the manufacture differ depending on what kind of construction and finishing works it is planned to use this material. One of the most common options for plastering walls is 1: 1: 6 or 1: 2: 9 (one part cement: one part milk of lime: six parts sand).
Consumption of cement-lime plaster per 1 m2
Consumption of cement-lime plaster per 1 m2 with a layer thickness of 5 mm is approximately 7 kg. By volume, solution consumption per 1 sq. meter with a layer thickness of 5 mm approximately 5-6 liters or 0.005-0.006 m3. It is recommended to apply the layer thickness from 5 mm to 30 mm. In practice, take 1 bag of cement weighing 50 kg. and 40 kg. slaked lime, 550 kg of sand and 100 liters of water. At correct preparation plaster mix from lime-cement mortar, you can achieve high-quality wall finishing and reduce several times 5375 03/12/2019 5 min.Mortar is a mixture that consists of specially selected components, thanks to which it is possible to obtain a solid material. The following components may be present in the composition of the mortar: inorganic binder, fine aggregate and special additives.
The finished product is used in the field of construction, not only when arranging the foundation, but also when performing certain finishing activities. The main criteria for choosing a solution are strength, long service life and a relatively low price.
Description
The classification provides for their subdivision into the following types:
- Heavy, for which the bulk density is more than 1500 kg / m3.
- Lungs with a density of up to 1500 kg / m3.
In addition, they are also divided by the type of binder component:
The choice of the binder component depends on the purpose for which the solution will be used, what level of humidity and temperature indicators. After all, it is these criteria that play an important role for high-quality hardening and a long service life for the completed building.
By appointment, they can be subdivided into:
When choosing a mortar, it is very important to pay attention to such a parameter as frost resistance. It depends on the properties of the materials used, as well as their proportions and the conditions under which the strength gain will take place.
During manufacturing, it is very important to accurately observe the proportion presented. If the sand is added in an insufficient amount, then the mixture will begin to solidify quickly, and after solidification, the solution will begin to crumble.
Taking into account the added amount of water, the building cement mortar is of the following types:
- Greasy when there is very little liquid and it spreads.
- Skinny, when there is a lot of liquid, it slowly hardens.
- Normal, all proportions were exactly observed during cooking.
Application
As for the scope of use of construction cement mortar, it is necessary to understand that for a certain brand of product there is its own area of use. To select the required brand of solution, you need to know what materials you will have to work with.
The characteristics of cement m 500 are indicated
When it is necessary to lay bricks of grade 100, then the composition used must also have a grade of 100. If you choose a grade of mortar according to this principle, then you will be able to get an almost monolithic masonry.
However, it is worth sticking to a specific framework here. For example, for a face clack, it is completely unnecessary to use a 350 grade brick and a mortar of the same grade. In this case, you will simply waste money pointlessly. For the front masonry, a grade 115 mortar will be quite sufficient.
What is the consumption of sandy cement mix per 1 m2 is indicated in this
If brick walls are being erected inside the house, then it is advisable to give the solution plasticity by adding clay or lime to it. But the resulting product can only be used inside the building, where it will not be influenced. various factors environment.
In addition to the fact that the cement mortar is used in construction brick house, it can still be used when plastering the surface. The result of the work done will be a flat and durable surface, which, after the concrete dries, the surface will be ready for the application of the required finishing material.
What is the price of cement m 400 weighing 50 kg, you can find out from this
Well, and, perhaps, cement mortar is most often used when arranging the foundation. In this case, it is necessary to very correctly select the grade of the solution, which, as a result of the work done, to obtain the desired concrete strength. The service life of the house, as well as its operational characteristics, will depend on this. 
Cement mortar is a material that no construction site can do without. Thanks to its unique qualities it began to be used in various construction works.
But the quality of the cement slurry is determined by its constituent components, therefore, when choosing the product in question, be careful and carefully study the information that is present on the package.
Order cement mortar physical and legal entities Moscow and other cities of the Moscow region can contact the StroySoyuz group of companies. In our work, we practice an individual approach, so we offer each client favorable terms of cooperation. Since we independently produce the material, the price for the cement mortar is affordable.
Properties and scope
Cement slurry is a mixture that is obtained by combining the following components:
- sand;
- water;
- cement.
Depending on the proportions of the ingredients mentioned, their physical and mechanical properties, there are different grades and grades of material. They strive to buy a cement mortar to perform masonry and plastering operations, as well as a floor screed device. The material is actively used in humid places: they process the outer surfaces of structures, the lower parts of the bases. It is indispensable for the implementation of the insulation layer.
Terms of cooperation
You can buy cement-sand mortar on favorable terms at StroySoyuz. We not only produce, but also deliver it to the required construction site without delay. You can contact us by phone or from the website by filling out and sending an application. Contact us today, we guarantee high quality and affordable price cement-sand mortar.
Prices for commercial solutions
| Brand | Class | Parameters | Price for 1 m 3 with VAT, rubles / m 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M50 | Rr M50 | Pk2 F50 | 2 880 | |
| M75 | Rr M75 | Pk2 F50 | 3 030 | |
| M100 | Solution М100 | Pk2 F50 | 3 080 | |
| M150 | Solution М150 | Pk2 F50 | 3 330 | |
| M200 | Rr M200 | Pk2 F50 | 3 530 | |
| M250 | Solution М250 | Pk2 F50 | 3 670 | |
| M300 | Rr М300 | Pk2 F50 | 3 820 | |
| M50 | Rr M50 | Pk3 F50 | 2 960 | |
| M75 | Rr M75 | Pk3 F50 | 3 100 | |
| M100 | Solution М100 | Pk3 F50 | 3 400 | |
| M150 | Solution М150 | Pk3 F50 | 3 410 | |
| M200 | Rr M200 | Pk3 F50 | 3 550 | |
| M250 | Solution М250 | Pk3 F50 | 3 710 | |
| M300 | Rr М300 | Pk3 F50 | 3 840 | |
| M50 | Rr M50 | Pk4 F50 | 3 060 | |
| M75 | Rr M75 | Pk4 F50 | 3 210 | |
| M100 | Solution М100 | Pk4 F50 | 3 420 | |
| M150 | Solution М150 | Pk4 F50 | 3 510 |