Wall insulation wooden house- an important stage in the construction of a country cottage. Insulation solves several problems at once: it provides thermal insulation and retains heat in the room for a long time, protects from noise and wind. In addition, it is convenient to lay the finishing of the facade on the insulation. Experts recommend insulating the walls of the house from the outside, as interior work reduces the space inside the building and does not provide full effective insulation.
In this article, we will look at how to insulate wooden house outside is correct.
Warming a wooden house from the outside includes three main stages. First of all, you need to calculate and select the material. Then follows the laying of insulation and, at the end, the finishing of the facade. First, let's look at how to choose the right insulation for the exterior walls of a wooden house.
Which heater to choose
Today, manufacturers offer various types of heaters. When choosing a material, pay attention not only to the cost and ease of installation. High-quality insulation should have low water permeability, high thermal insulation and vapor permeability, resistance to fires and rodents. It is desirable that it be a natural material that does not violate the environmental friendliness of wood. If you are insulating walls with your own hands, the insulation should be easy to use.
Most suitable material for the insulation of wooden walls, mineral wool is considered. It guarantees high thermal insulation, allows air to pass through (ventilated) and allows the wood to “breathe”. Mineral wool is distinguished by softness and elasticity, simple calculations and installation. Therefore, you can easily lay the material with your own hands. Mineral wool effectively fills cracks and voids. In addition, rodents cannot damage the product, and the low weight of the insulation will not create a load on the walls and foundation of the house.
The second most popular insulation for wooden walls is polystyrene foam. It represents foam in sheets. It's good and effective insulation which will keep the heat in the room for a long time. It is characterized by light weight and easy installation, high sound insulation properties and long service life.
However, such material "does not breathe" and is not ventilated, which is bad for natural wood. As a result, the walls will gradually rot and mold. In addition, the foam plastic can be damaged by rodents, and in the event of a fire, the insulation will slowly smolder, which is very dangerous.
Experts recommend using mineral wool to insulate the walls of a wooden house. Mineral wool is produced in layers or in rolls in slabs. The material in the plates is more convenient to use and during installation, which is important when doing do-it-yourself work.
Top best mineral wool manufacturers
rockwool
The heaters of this Danish company absorb noise and vibration, are distinguished by high thermal insulation, environmental friendliness and fire safety. Such material will last a long time without deformation and destruction. It will not crumble either during installation or during operation. Be careful, as fake products of this company are often found on the market!
Isover
The French company offers a wide range of mineral wool, which guarantees protection from cold and noise, increases the energy efficiency and comfort of a wooden house. The materials have several environmental quality certificates, which confirms the environmental friendliness and durability of the insulation. In the company's catalogs you will find modern products with high strength and elasticity, without dust and “pricklyness”.
Paroc
The mineral wool of the Finnish company is characterized by high thermal insulation, fire resistance, durability and environmental friendliness. The big advantage of this insulation is energy efficiency, because the material saves thermal energy. Mineral wool Paroc protects against noise and dust, but has a fairly high price.
Knauf
These are Russian heaters with high rates of vapor permeability, heat and sound insulation. The material is characterized by increased fire safety and environmental friendliness, strength and durability, resistance to mold and bacteria. Knauf mineral wool is distinguished by easy installation with low dust generation and no strong odor.
Ursa
Mineral wool made from natural and naturally renewable components. The material is distinguished by rigidity and strength, high heat and sound insulation, incombustibility and long service life. Experts recommend the new generation of PureOne cookers as they meet every requirement for quality and environmental friendliness.
Ursa PureOne is 1.5 times more rigid and durable than other thermal insulators! The material does not prick, does not crumble and does not deform. However, it is not among the top three products, as it collects dust a lot and emits bad smell during installation. Therefore, during installation, be sure to use special protection!
Beltep
A good and inexpensive mineral insulation with a wide choice of models in terms of density. The material is characterized by high vapor permeability, fire safety and environmental friendliness, resistance to deformation. Minvata Beltep will provide acoustic comfort for the room.
Izovol
Mineral wool with good sound and heat insulation properties, increased fire safety and environmental friendliness. Non-combustible material has an average density, suitable for wall insulation, shed and mansard roofs. But keep in mind that the insulation crumbles slightly when laying and is difficult to cut.
TechnoNIKOL
The largest manufacturer representing wide choose heaters. Materials are distinguished by environmental friendliness and fire safety, high heat and sound insulation. But despite the popularity and availability of the material, he collected a lot negative reviews. The mineral wool of this company is deformed and crumbles during installation. In addition, packs often come across slabs that are different in structure and density. Some sheets are much thinner than the indicated values.
wall insulation technology
Insulation of a wooden house from the outside is best done in the warm season. Before starting work, the surface of the walls is prepared for insulation. Preparation includes cleaning the logs, repairing cracks and treating the wood with protective agents. Antiseptics will protect wooden materials from rotting and mold, and flame retardants will prevent fire from spreading over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe walls in case of fire.
Two days after the treatment of wooden walls, they proceed to the waterproofing layer. Used as waterproofing aluminum foil, standard polyethylene or special porous insulating film. When laying the insulating film with your own hands, make sure that the porous surface lies inward “facing” to the wall.
The waterproofing material is laid horizontally from below with an overlap of 10-15 cm and gradually lifted up. The film or foil is attached to the surface of the walls with brackets using construction stapler. The joints are carefully glued with construction tape.
A crate of bars or boards with a thickness equal to the thickness of the insulation is laid on the waterproofing layer. The standard thickness of the insulation is 50 mm. For a wooden wall with a thickness of 20 cm and temperatures in winter up to minus 20, one layer of mineral wool is enough. In colder winters, two or three coats should be applied. The distance between the bars or boards is made 3-5 centimeters less than the width of the insulation.
The next step is the installation of insulation. Mineral wool is easy to install with your own hands. If necessary, the plates are cut. Through the cotton wool with an interval of 50 cm, a hole is made in the wall and an anchor is driven in, and a core is driven into the anchor. When working with mineral wool, wear a protective mask and goggles!
Waterproofing is once again laid on the insulation layer, which is fastened with brackets to the crate. Then a counter-lattice is made of bars or slats with a section of 50x50 mm. It is desirable that the wooden materials of the battens and counter battens be treated with antiseptics! This will increase the life of the structure.
The final stage
At the end, the facade is finished. Block house, lining, siding and even brick are used as finishing materials. Experts recommend using natural material, such as wooden lining, block house or timber. This will preserve the aesthetics and harmony of a wooden house.
The above finishing materials are also easy to install with your own hands. During installation, it is important to fasten the products close to each other and not leave gaps and crevices through which wooden walls moisture or insects may enter.
Caulking and wall sealing
But what if you want to keep log house in its original form, and at the same time use the building for permanent residence? Indeed, without insulation in such a cottage it will be cold. In this case, insulation and sealing of the seams are used.
After installing the log house, the walls are caulked, i.e. lay logs with insulation. The material used is jute, moss or tow. Installation starts with lower crown, go along the perimeter of the house and only then move on to the next crown. First, insulation is done inside the house, and then outside.
Warming and finishing are performed only after shrinkage of a wooden house!
To consolidate the result, the seams between the logs inside and outside the house are sealed. Experts recommend using acrylic sealants (“warm seam”). Such material is distinguished by environmental friendliness, durability, good thermal and waterproofing. In addition, the sealant is easy to use and install.
To properly insulate wooden walls from the outside, you need to choose a high-quality insulation and follow the laying technology. External insulation will require serious financial and time investments, but as a result, you will get annual savings on heating your home. In addition, living in such a room will be comfortable, and the service life of the structure and wood will increase.
If you do not know which insulation to choose and how to install the insulation of wooden walls, contact the professionals! Masters "MariSrub" will select and calculate the necessary heat-insulating materials, reliably and quickly perform work on the insulation and decoration of a wooden house, cottage or bath.
Follow the technology insulation of a wooden house from the outside, perform the work carefully and in the indicated sequence:
- the first layer is a film for vapor barrier of walls;
- installation of a frame crate;
- direct installation of the selected insulation;
- fastening to the frame of the waterproofing layer;
- installation of facade cladding.
The choice of insulation
What is the best way to insulate a wooden house? Get to know the popular materials for protecting a wooden structure.
Mineral wool
Many owners choose mineral wool. Quite reasonable. This lightweight material:
- retains heat well;
- not subject to combustion;
- it is soft and elastic;
- it is easy to work with him;
- withstands temperature changes;
- cold bridges are absent.
External wall insulation with mineral wool is often used by owners of new and old log houses. First, equip the frame and fill it with rolls of mineral wool. The material fills the voids well.
The supporting structures of the frame tightly hold the mineral wool. Additional fastening is not required. They produce material in rolls, plates or mats.
New boards are laid on top and sheathed with plastic siding. The building will take on a modern look.
Ecowool
This insulation came to us from Finland. In harsh conditions, the material, consisting of cellulose and antiseptics, successfully withstood the test of severe frosts and icy winds.
Advantages:
- eco-friendly, natural material;
- prevents the appearance of mold;
- mice do not gnaw ecowool;
- excellent noise and heat insulation;
- used for external and internal insulation;
- the walls "breathe" well;
- when smoldering does not emit toxic substances.
Installation of ecowool does not require the arrangement of a vapor barrier layer. Methods for applying the cellulose mixture: wet-glue, bulk, by blowing using a special machine.
A high-quality, monolithic layer 10 cm thick will allow you to create reliable protection by cold. Suitable for use in various climatic zones.
Styrofoam
This material insulates the house from the inside. Outside, insulate a house from a bar with polystyrene foam Not recommended. Cause? The material does not breathe well. The result - the appearance of condensate, wood decay, the development of mold fungi.
Cold bridges inevitably form between the base and polystyrene foam in places of loose fit. Some of the heat will be wasted.
For internal thermal insulation with the help of foam first fills lath frame to provide an air gap. Plates up to 5 cm thick are fixed with adhesive mortars or special fasteners.
Insulation of the walls of a wooden house from the outside
Have you already decided on the type of insulation? Mineral wool or ecowool - you decide. It remains to consider stages of insulation of the outer walls of a wooden house.
In the photo you see one of the insulation options, the order of work.
vapor barrier
The purpose of this layer is ensure adequate ventilation of the facade under the foil. If the facade is made of round logs, you can fix the material directly on the tree. The gaps will be sufficient.
On a smooth surface, you first need to fill wooden slats. Thickness - 2.5 cm. Keep the distance between them - within a meter.
You will need aluminum foil, roofing felt, a special vapor barrier film. Attach the vapor barrier layer to the rails. Cut a hole in the top and bottom for ventilation. Diameter - 2 cm.
Important: where nails or staples are driven in, glue the surface with adhesive tape to seal.
Arrangement of a wooden frame
You will need a regular board. Width - no more than 10 cm, thickness - no more than 5 cm. Thinner ones are not suitable for this design.
Nail the boards vertically. Make sure that the distance between them is 1-2 cm less than the width of the insulation. So you prevent the appearance of cracks and voids.
thermal insulation
If you chose ecowool, use a blower to apply the cellulose mixture to the wall. Remember- No vapor barrier needed!
Lay the mineral wool slabs in the prepared frame, achieving a snug fit. Choose semi-rigid boards with a density of 120kg/m3. Additional fastening is not required.
waterproofing layer
To you special film required with vapor permeability over 1300g/sq.m. its task is to let steam through, but prevent it from getting on the insulation layer. Installation is carried out in the same way as when installing a vapor barrier layer.
It remains to fill the frame with boards to dry the condensate that has fallen on the waterproofing layer. Suitable boards with a thickness of 2.3 to 3 cm and a width of 5 cm.
To protect against insects and rodents, install a metal mesh with small cells from below. Pay special attention to the arrangement of the protective layer when insulating a log house with mineral wool.
outer skin
What will your house look like after insulation? Can be stuffed wooden lining or euro lining made of larch, oak or pine. Treat the boards, open them with varnish.
Think about the design of doors and windows. Insulation will increase the thickness of the walls up to 25cm. You can move them to another place and equip new ones. wooden frames, platbands, window sills.
The second option is to give the house a stylish, modern look. You will need a block how, vinyl or metal siding. Work is carried out from the bottom up. Attach the cladding with screws or nails.
To your attention is a video about the insulation of a wooden house from the outside. What is the best way to insulate?
Prices for insulation
Warming of private houses and cottages can be done independently. This option only costs material.
Many owners turn to construction companies. In the absence of skills, time and desire to carry out the insulation of your home, allocate some money to pay for the work of professionals. These are the average rates.
A full range of works on the arrangement of thermal insulation: from 1080 to 4000 rubles. per sq.m. The total cost depends on the chosen insulation and the method of installation of the protective layer.
Insulation of a wooden house from the outside - a process that requires a balanced approach to all stages of work. Buy high-quality materials, listen to the advice of experts, follow the technology - and your log house will be warm. The new decorative facade will set the mood.
Previously, in Rus', houses were built mainly from logs, and nails were not used in construction. Qualitatively made wooden houses were not only warm, but also durable, they served their owners for several decades. But also modern world you will not surprise anyone with a private house made of wood, made of solid logs. But what to do if heat is very poorly preserved in such a house? Of course, such a house needs to be insulated, but what to choose as the main insulation?
Today, there is a huge variety of different heaters on the market, and it is impossible to say unequivocally which one is bad and which is good. Each of them has its pros and cons, and you need to choose based on some decisive factors.
Heat is lost due to too much air exchange. All heaters are located below, because warm air always rises up, there it meets a cold ceiling and, having given up part of the heat, falls lower, gradually continuing to lose heat due to cold walls. As a result, it may turn out that the house practically does not warm up from below, all the warm air is located only under the ceiling, and it never reaches the bottom.
Features of wall insulation from timber outside
Increased heat loss in a wooden house occurs due to design features. To a greater extent, this is influenced by the thickness of the walls.
Before proceeding to the choice of a specific insulation, first of all, you need to decide what kind of house design we are dealing with. The usual size of the beam is 20 by 20 centimeters, it may be less, but it is not allowed to use a beam less than 15 by 15 centimeters. In general, houses from glued beams began to be built in countries that are located closer to the equator, i.e. in warm countries. Naturally, in Russia this construction technology should be a little different, the house should be designed for a harsh climate. First of all, the peculiarity lies in the presence of a heater, because only in this case it will be possible to stay in the house with comfort.
The technology of warming the walls of a wooden house from the outside: 1. The wall of the house; 2. Vapor barrier; 3. Insulation; 4. Hydro-windproofing; 5. Facade cladding.
A house made of timber is relatively cheap for the owner, in addition, if done correctly external insulation you can save a lot on heating bills. The work on warming the walls of a house from a bar outside consists of four main stages:
- choice of insulation;
- calculation of thermal efficiency, price, other qualities of insulation;
- installation of a heater;
- decorative decoration of the house.
The effectiveness of warming a house from a bar with not properly selected and installed facade decreases significantly. This is due to the fact that moisture will be concentrated inside the house and in its walls. As a result of this, condensation will form, which adversely affects almost all material, including the insulation. The efficiency of wet insulation is very low, moreover, in this state it will quickly become unusable. Based on the foregoing, you need to remember once and for all that the insulation of the walls of a house made of timber from the outside requires the mandatory presence of a ventilated facade, which will not allow moisture to concentrate in the walls.
To insulate the ceiling, you can use various materials: sawdust, expanded clay, mineral wool, etc.
Do not forget about the insulation of the floor and ceiling. Up to half of all the heat in the house can go through the ceiling alone, so it needs to be insulated first. It is useless to look for specific cracks through which heat escapes, it is much easier and more efficient to insulate the entire ceiling as a whole. In this case, you can use any insulation, up to ordinary sawdust, the most important thing is to make a layer of insulation at least 15 centimeters. Whatever insulation you choose, it must be evenly distributed over the entire attic area, avoiding “bald spots”.
As for the floor, it can be made simpler here, it will be enough to lay a carpet on the floor, then it will be clearly seen whether the cold actually comes from the floor, or the problem is not in it. But ideally, floor insulation should also be approached thoroughly, laying insulation and waterproofing.
What is the best way to insulate a wooden house?
Mineral wool is a heat insulating fibrous material made from melts rocks, metallurgical slags and their mixtures.
There is a huge selection on sale today. various insulation, thanks to which it is possible to effectively insulate the walls of a house from a bar from the outside. Let's start with the most popular and inexpensive options:
- Jute. practical material, is used in many cases. It is produced from the "jute" plant, which is grown in a special way;
- Linen fiber;
- Tape glue;
- New generation materials: expanded polystyrene, mineral wool, polystyrene.
You should not choose the warmest and cheapest, you need to navigate based on the characteristics of the house itself: the condition of the walls, the climate, the purpose of insulation, etc.
Styrofoam is a gas-filled heat-insulating material with low vapor and air permeability.
Today, people are increasingly giving their preference to one of these two materials:
- mineral wool;
But, it is worth noting that most professionals do not recommend using polystyrene foam for insulation from the outside, because. in this case, it will not be effective enough to perform its function of preserving heat in the house. The fact is that the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the foam is on average 0.082 W / m², and the coefficient for mineral wool is 0.036 W / m². It turns out that polystyrene conducts heat through itself much better, and therefore conducts cold more. It is much better to use mineral wool as a heater for the outside of a house made of timber.
Calculation of heat-insulating materials for the insulation of walls from a bar from the outside
Mineral wool on the market is presented both in rolls and in sheet form.
Above, we have already decided on the choice of insulation, we will insulate with mineral wool. But what should be the thickness of the insulation, how to calculate it correctly? In what format should I buy mineral wool, because it is sold in the form of mats, slabs and in rolls? Consider the features of each of the formats. Mineral wool in slabs is very convenient to use, it is a little more expensive, but it retains its shape well even in a vertical state. Rolled is softer, more suitable for warming the house from the inside, because it is easy for them to fill all the bumps and corners. The mats are only suitable for the floor, because they are quite large and heavy.
If the air temperature outside in winter does not fall below -20 degrees, and the thickness of the wooden walls is 20 centimeters, then you will need only one layer of insulation with a standard thickness of 5 centimeters.
In the case when the thermometer drops below 20 degrees in winter, and the thickness of the house is the same 20 centimeters, then you will need to make 2 or even 3 layers of insulation with mineral wool.
The waterproofing film serves to protect inner space from moisture.
For insulation, you will also need a beam with a cross section, which will depend on the layers of insulation. So, for one layer of mineral wool, you will need a bar with a section of 5x5 centimeters, and for two layers you will need a bar with a section of 5x10 centimeters.
To work, you will need the following set of tools and materials:
- waterproofing film;
- antifungal composition;
- self-tapping screws;
- anchor;
- level;
- construction stapler;
- plumb.
The procedure for installing insulation
Installation of insulation on a house from a bar from the outside is carried out in the following sequence:
- Surface preparation;
- Installation of the first layer of waterproofing;
- A wooden crate is installed from a bar with the required section;
- Mineral wool is laid;
- Closed with another waterproofing layer.
The result is this cake: wall, waterproofing, mineral wool, again waterproofing, decorative finishes.
The installation of the crate of wooden beams is carried out vertically at intervals of 1.5-2 cm less than the width of the mineral wool slabs.
Most importantly, when processing a wall for insulation, treat it with an antiseptic antifungal compound. It will not be superfluous to treat the walls also with a pesticide. After all treatments, it is necessary to wait for the walls to dry completely, therefore, it is more expedient to do this procedure in warm and dry weather.
After the walls are completely dry, you can proceed with the installation of the first layer of waterproofing. This is a very important step, and it should be remembered that the film must be laid on one side only. If you look closely at the film, you can see that on the one hand it is smooth, and on the other a little rough. Due to this structure, the film is able to pass moisture on the rough side, but not on the smooth side.
The film must be attached to the wall construction stapler, making an overlap of 10-15 centimeters. Joints must be sealed with tape. After that, you can proceed to the installation of the crate. The first beam is attached to the corner of the building end-to-end with self-tapping screws. Further, the beams are mounted at the same distance from each other, it is important to strictly observe the vertical.
How to properly fix the mineral wool?
Mineral wool slabs are quite easily cut with a knife. The plates are fixed to the wall with anchors, both plastic and metal can be used. To install the anchor, you first need to drill through hole in the wall through the mineral wool. Next, a core with a cap is clogged, reliably pressing down the insulation.
As soon as all the insulation is installed, it is necessary to cover it with a second layer of waterproofing on top. The rough side should be in contact with the mineral wool, while the protective smooth side should be on the outside. After that, a beam of 40x50 mm is mounted for further finishing of the facade.
Video
Similar content
Despite the fact that wooden walls retain heat better than concrete and brick walls, they also need high-quality insulation. Over time, the tree shrinks, cracks appear at the corners and along the seams, cracks form in the timber itself, through which cold penetrates into the house. Thermal insulation will help get rid of these problems, and at the same time will reduce heating costs, and significantly. But first you need to decide how to insulate a wooden house from the outside in order to maintain a comfortable microclimate in the premises and extend the life of the wood itself.
Any wood has the ability to absorb moisture. Treatment with various impregnations significantly reduces the hygroscopicity of the material, but cannot completely eliminate it. With normal ventilation, moisture evaporates efficiently, without adversely affecting the material, and an optimal microclimate is maintained in the house. But the violation of air exchange leads to the accumulation of condensate and swelling of the tree, as a result of which fungi develop in it, rot appears, the air in the house becomes stale.
To avoid such problems, you should follow a few rules:
- do not insulate damp walls;
- use only vapor-permeable insulation;
- thermal insulation on both sides must be covered with a waterproofing membrane;
- leave an air gap between the finish and the insulation.
Waterproofing scheme and proper insulation wooden house
If wooden walls are planned to be painted or you only need to insulate the seams, paint and sealant are also chosen to be vapor-permeable, for example, on acrylic base. And, of course, before warming the surface must be well prepared, cleaned of dirt, moss, mold, and repaired. It is especially important that there are no wood-boring bugs in the walls, because under a layer of insulation they will continue their destructive activity until the tree becomes unusable.
Types of insulation for wooden structures
The choice of modern heaters is wide, but not all of them are vapor-permeable. Most of all, mineral wool materials and cellulose insulation, or ecowool, are suitable for wooden houses. Let's consider their characteristics in more detail.
This insulation is produced from molten rocks, most often from basalt. In addition to stone fibers, the insulation contains a binder (formaldehyde resins, urea) and water-repellent additives. Stone wool refers to non-combustible materials, withstands heating up to 600 ° C without change physical properties, has low thermal conductivity and high vapor permeability. It is produced in slabs and mats, it can be coated with foil, fiberglass and kraft paper.
Basalt slabs are quite dense and rigid, they perfectly retain their shape for the entire service life and almost do not shrink, provided that the thermal insulation is made in accordance with all the rules. And this insulation is resistant to microorganisms, which is also a big advantage. The correct shape and low weight of the plates allow installation without special efforts, moreover, basalt fibers are not caustic and do not irritate the skin.
As for the shortcomings, stone wool there are very few of them. The main disadvantage is the fragility of the fibers - when squeezing and cutting the material, fine dust is formed, which easily penetrates the respiratory tract. Because of this, it is recommended to work in a respirator. Another disadvantage is the high cost of insulation, so with a limited budget, you should look for other options.
Specifications
slag wool
The raw material for the manufacture of this insulation is blast-furnace slag, that is, metallurgical waste, which leads to a low cost of the material. The thermal conductivity of slag wool is slightly higher than that of basalt insulation, and the maximum heating temperature is 300 ° C, after which the fibers begin to sinter and the material loses its characteristics.
Slag wool is produced in rolls and plates, often with a foil coating. It does not differ in rigidity, and therefore it is excellent for thermal insulation of curved surfaces - it can easily be given any shape. Slag wool keeps heat well, effectively absorbs sounds, rodents and insects do not like it. Mold in such a heater also does not develop.
But slag wool also has enough shortcomings: it is hygroscopic, does not tolerate temperature extremes, and when wet, it releases acid that corrodes the metal. Its brittle fibers are almost as sharp as those of glass wool, and therefore cause irritation when it comes into contact with the skin. When installing insulation, be sure to use protective equipment to avoid particles from entering the eyes and respiratory tract.
Specifications
glass wool
The insulation is made from cullet melts with the addition of limestone, dolomite, borax and some other components. Synthetic polymers act as a binder, less often bitumen. Glass wool has the longest fibers (from 15 to 50 mm), due to which the material is noticeably superior in elasticity and resilience to other types of mineral wool, and also has high mechanical strength at low density.
Glass wool is vapor-permeable, retains heat well, and is not afraid of exposure to chemically aggressive substances. It is non-combustible, withstands heating up to 450 ° C without changing its physical characteristics, it is not affected by sudden temperature changes. Like other mineral wool insulation, glass wool is available in slabs, rolls and mats, including those coated with foil and fiberglass.
The biggest disadvantage of glass wool is the fragility and causticity of the fibers, which can cause severe irritation on the skin, penetrate the respiratory tract and eyes.
Light clothing cannot protect against thin and sharp particles, so you need to choose something tighter for work, be sure to use a respirator, goggles and rough gloves.
Specifications
For the production of ecowool, waste from the paper and cardboard industry is used, and 80% of this insulation consists of natural cellulose. To improve performance, cellulose fibers are mixed with flame retardants and antiseptics. Ecowool has the ability to absorb and release moisture without changing the thermal insulation properties, and if you insulate the walls with it, condensation will never appear in the room. In addition, it absorbs sounds well, dampens vibrations, does not emit harmful substances. Due to the presence of insecticidal additives in such a heater, insects do not start, and rodents rarely damage it.
Ecowool components
Insulation is a very loose lightweight mass gray color which is densely packed up in bags from 15 kg. Immediately before insulation, the mass is poured out of the bag and loosened with a mixer, and then placed manually or by machine. The effectiveness of thermal insulation directly depends on the density of the layer: a poorly compacted material quickly shrinks and forms cold bridges, while a densely laid coating does not change its characteristics throughout its entire service life.
The main disadvantage of ecowool is its laying technology. Pneumatic installation is expensive and requires certain skills to work with it, so it is better to hire specialists for mechanical blowing.
The manual method of laying takes a lot of time, the material is distributed less evenly, it takes more physical effort to tamper.
Specifications
Prices for mineral wool
Wall insulation with mineral wool boards
Warming with mineral wool does not require special skills, so everyone can cope with it if they wish. To do everything as efficiently as possible, you need to stock up in advance necessary tools, correctly calculate the amount of materials, carefully prepare the surface.
Advice. New houses made of wood are subject to shrinkage, so it is best to start insulation and exterior decoration a couple of years after the construction of the structure.
Tools and materials
In the process of arranging thermal insulation you will need:
To find out how many plates are needed for insulation, you need to calculate the total area of \u200b\u200bthe walls, subtract the area of \u200b\u200bthe openings from it and divide by the area of \u200b\u200bone plate.
Plates usually have standard sizes 1200x600 mm, that is, the area is 0.72 m2. Having determined the estimated amount, you need to increase it by 5-7%, since part of the material will go to trimming near the openings. If the insulation is planned to be laid in 2 layers, the resulting number is multiplied by 2.
The frame can be assembled from metal profiles, but for wooden walls a beam with a section of 50x50 mm is more suitable.
Prices for various types of timber
For a double layer of insulation, take a bar with a section of 100x50 or 100x40 mm and install it on the edge.
Lumber must be dry, even, without defects, before starting work it must be treated with antiseptic impregnation and dried.
Foundation preparation
Insulation of the house outside should be carried out in dry, warm weather so that the walls are not damp or frozen. The surface should be free of dirt, dust, moss, fungi and mold. The interventional seams must be carefully examined and, where there are voids, re-sealed with a sealant and sealed with a sealant. Deep cracks in the tree itself are also sealed in the same way.
The next step is priming. The primer is applied with a brush, carefully processing all the recesses, irregularities, end sections of the logs. If the wood absorbs the composition too quickly, it is recommended to apply a primer in 2 layers. After that, you need to wait for the surface to dry completely and only then proceed to the main process.
Prices for wood preservatives
Wall insulation
Step 1. Attach the vapor barrier. The membrane is located horizontal stripes, starting from the bottom of the walls, and fixed with stapler staples. The upper canvas should overlap the lower one by 10-15 cm, the joint is glued with adhesive tape along the entire length.
Advice. Do not replace the membrane with a conventional plastic film. Polyethylene is vapor-tight, so the fumes will condensate on the walls, causing damage to the wood. The membrane is inexpensive and can be purchased at any hardware store, so there is no benefit to using polyethylene.
Step 2 The extreme bars of the crate are set according to the level at a distance of 5-10 cm from the corner and screwed to the walls with self-tapping screws. The remaining guides are fixed so that the distance between them is 10 mm less than the width of the insulation. Each rack is controlled by a level so that all elements of the crate are located in the same plane.
Step 3 Mineral wool slabs are tightly laid in the cells of the crate, trying not to leave gaps, and then additionally fixed with dish-shaped dowels. The second layer of insulation must be laid so that the joints between the plates of the first layer overlap.
Mineral wool slabs. In the photo you can see the mistake of the builders - the lack of an insulating membrane between the wool and wooden wall
Step 4 A protective membrane is again attached over the insulation, fixing it with brackets in the same way and gluing the joints with adhesive tape. Cloths of material should fit snugly to the base, without sagging and folds.
You can use another method - frameless, when instead of rails from a bar, metal U-shaped suspensions are attached to the walls at an equal distance. Neat cuts are made in mineral slabs with a mounting knife and the ears of suspensions are threaded into them. Additionally, the insulation is fixed with dowels-fungi. From above, the thermal insulation is covered with a membrane, and a crate made of timber or a profile is mounted on the hangers.
Prices for material for vapor barrier
Vapor barrier material
Ecowool insulation
On the walls, markings are made for the crate and vertical guides from the timber are mounted. The distance between them is 50-60 cm. Next, the lathing is sheathed with moisture-resistant OSB boards, but not to the full height, but approximately 80-100 cm from the ground. Be sure to sew up the bottom with boards. Next, you will need a large wide container and a drill with a mixer nozzle. Ecowool is unpacked, poured into a container, fluffed with a mixer at low speed so that no lumps remain.
The prepared insulation is poured between the wall and the sheathing, and carefully rammed, carefully filling the corners and recesses. When the cavity is filled almost to the top, the next row of sheathing is attached, controlling the level of the location of the plates. The most difficult thing is to distribute the insulation at the very top of the crate, so you need to work slowly, very carefully, trying to compact the material as much as possible. After attaching the top sheets, the skin is primed and proceed to the finishing.
More effective is the application of ecowool in a wet way using the installation. In this case, the guide racks are mounted in increments of 1-1.2 m. The insulation is poured into a container and water is added in small portions until the mass becomes sticky. Further, with the help of the installation, ecowool is applied to the walls in a continuous uniform layer and left to dry completely. Excess material protruding above the plane of the frame is carefully cut off. After the thermal insulation has dried, a windproof membrane is attached and the finishing is performed.
Video - How to insulate a wooden house from the outside
Video - Wall insulation with ecowool
It is good when the house is warm and comfortable, it sounds especially true for owners of private houses. The issue of home insulation is often of interest to rural residents, most of them live in wooden buildings.
If you start to put in order an old wooden house, then you definitely need to do its warming. There are also new houses made of timber, which for various reasons were not insulated during construction and the owners are forced to solve this problem after the completion of construction work. With thermal insulation, a natural question immediately arises, what material to use and how wooden houses are insulated.
log houses
Wooden buildings are considered the most environmentally friendly, they are not hot in summer, and warm in winter, there is always a normal level of humidity. Such buildings require a special approach and knowledge of operation, so that they always live as comfortably as possible, and heat losses are minimized.
Most of the heat in wooden houses leaves through the roof up to about 40%, up to 35% can go through the windows, the walls take about 10%, and the floors 15%. As a result, it turns out that for heating housing in cold period time takes a lot of money, and there is still no comfortable temperature for a family to live.
Properly chosen means for performing thermal insulation normalize temperature regime in a dwelling, including a wooden one. A wide range of insulation materials makes it possible to insulate houses outside and inside. For greater efficiency, professionals recommend making thermal insulation on the outside of the building so that it is comfortable to live in it throughout the year.
Material selection
The most suitable option for warming wooden houses can be called mineral wool, it has everything necessary qualities- light, perfectly keeps heat and has a reasonable price. The lightness and elasticity of mineral wool also makes it easy to lay the material, it will not be affected by thermal deformations of the walls of the house, and “cold bridges” will not appear. After the walls of the house are insulated with mineral wool from the outside, they must be sheathed with a board so that the building has a traditional appearance.
You can also insulate your home using polystyrene foam, but they are not recommended to insulate wooden houses, such insulation is suitable for brick and concrete buildings. The tree must breathe, and polystyrene foam, despite its qualities, does not pass air well. For this reason, condensation may accumulate, and this will lead to the formation of mold and mildew.
good option for external insulation of wooden houses will be ecowool. Modern insulation contains 80% cellulose and 20% antiseptics. They help protect the building from rodents and mold. Such material is suitable for insulation of any type of buildings.
There are also options for insulating wooden houses with fiberglass, expanded clay, basalt wool, sawdust-granules. Any of the selected materials must have the following characteristics:
- The degree of vapor permeability of the insulation should be higher than that of wood or at the same level.
- Increased moisture resistance to avoid future mold or fungus formation on the walls of the building.
- Good refractory properties, this is especially important for wooden buildings.
- breathable ability. The selected material must have this property, otherwise the wooden walls of the house will not be able to “breathe”, and this will disrupt the entire microclimate inside the building.
- Loose structure of the insulation. It will help to fit more closely to the walls and will give a greater effect in the thermal insulation of the home.
How to insulate wooden houses?
The process of warming wooden houses takes place in stages, first you need to decide on the material, and then proceed to the vapor barrier of the house. As a material, you can choose:
- aluminum foil.
- Special vapor barrier film.
- Ruberoid.
- Polyethylene film.
Vapor barrier will provide ventilation to the facade of the building under the film, which is especially important for walls wooden building with a smooth board. On such a surface, it is necessary to fill wooden slats with an approximate thickness of 2.5 cm at a distance of 1 meter from each other in a vertical position. A layer of vapor barrier is stuffed onto the prepared and fixed rails. In the upper and lower parts, it is necessary to make small holes for ventilation, with a diameter of about 20 mm. This will prevent moisture from accumulating under the film and will maximize the life of the wooden structure. The vapor barrier is attached with nails or staples, as well as additionally with adhesive tape, so that moisture does not get into the attachment points in the future.
The second stage is the device of the frame. For this work, you will need boards 40-50 mm thick and 100 mm wide. The boards are stuffed vertically on the edge to the wall surface with a distance that will be a couple of centimeters less than the thickness of the insulation (mineral wool slabs). For this work, the board should not be thin, since the facing material will then also be attached to it.
The next step is to lay a layer of thermal insulation material. It is best to lay mineral wool in two layers with a thickness of 50 mm boards. Insulation plates are installed between the frame boards very tightly to each other so that there are no gaps between them. The middle part of the plates of the second layer of mineral wool should be at the joints of the first layer of insulation so that no gaps form. Although mineral wool boards are resilient and semi-rigid, they can hold together without slipping on the frame without fastening. It is better to fasten them with metal or plastic anchors for greater reliability.
The last layer is waterproofing, which must be laid on top of the insulation. The waterproofing film must allow steam to pass through and not retain moisture on the wall and thermal insulation. The waterproofing film must be firmly nailed or stapled to the wooden frame. Make the joints overlap by about 5-10 cm, and glue them with self-adhesive tape for better sealing.
After finishing laying the waterproofing, you can proceed to the exterior cladding of the walls of the house. The main stages of insulation have been completed, and the finishing material will only perform a decorative function. What to choose for facing will depend on the style of the building and the taste of the owners of the house, as well as their financial capabilities. Most often chosen for decorative cladding natural wood or plastic, but keep in mind that the total thickness of the insulation can be from 15 to 25 cm. This will significantly deepen the windows of the old building, so you should think about how they will be closed from the side of the openings - platbands, siding, new window sills.
It is not easy to insulate the outside, it is easier to insulate a house with inside. If you correctly perform the external insulation of the walls of the house, then this will help not only to avoid heat loss, the thermal insulation layer will serve as protection against temperature fluctuations as well as dampness and humidity. If possible, it is necessary to deal with the insulation of the foundation of the building. It is best to do this even before the start of wall insulation, having processed the foundation in advance and then sheathing it with felt or jute tow. Before insulating the walls of the house, it is advisable to treat them with an antiseptic. This will help prevent damage to your home in the future.
It is advisable to caulk all the cracks in the walls of a wooden house, which can be easily detected in calm weather with a lit candle, bringing it as close as possible to the surface of the wall. When the flame from a candle leans towards the wall, then there is a gap in this place. The presence of cracks can be seen in winter. In these places there will be a frost coating during the heating period of the building. It is best to caulk cracks in warm and dry weather, using tow, hemp or jute.
A wooden house is a special structure, so it requires a special approach to itself. It can be compared to a living being, it settles in the spring and rises in the summer. Such a structure also needs insulation, like other types of buildings, but since a wooden house “breathes”, it needs a heater that will help condensate pass through it. Properly executed thermal insulation can extend the life of a wooden structure, it will always be warm and comfortable.
kotel.guru
Insulation of the walls of a wooden house from the outside
- Stages of wall insulation
- Work materials
- Work order
Today, more and more people in the construction of houses in order to maintain their health prefer to use natural materials, including the tree. Wooden houses are often assembled from a square bar with a section of 150x150 mm and 200x200 mm. Such buildings came to us from warm countries, where the average annual temperature is about 0 degrees. In the climate of Russia and the CIS, they require good heating. This leads to high costs for electricity, gas and other heat sources. In recent years, wooden houses have been built from rounded logs.
It is more efficient to insulate houses from a bar from the outside.
In a wooden house it is always quiet, calm, cozy and comfortable. To achieve even greater comfort and in order to save money on space heating, many owners try to insulate their wooden houses both outside and inside. Internal insulation It has big disadvantage: it significantly reduces the internal area of \u200b\u200bthe house. Therefore, the insulation of a wooden house from the outside is the most ideal option.
If you properly insulate the walls, you can minimize the heat loss of a wooden house.
You can do all this with your own hands. How to insulate a wooden house from the outside?
Stages of wall insulation
Insulation of a log house from the outside.
The whole technology of warming a house from the outside comes down to several main stages:
- choice of insulation material;
- calculation of the amount of materials;
- direct installation of thermal insulation outside the building;
- final finishing of the facade.
Among the heaters, the most popular are sheet foam, which is also called polystyrene foam, and mineral wool. For a wooden house, it is preferable to choose mineral wool. It is better ventilated (breathes) and provides excellent thermal insulation. Styrofoam - very good insulation but he is not breathing. For wooden walls, this is detrimental. They will soon begin to become covered with mold, fungus and rot. To prevent this from happening, it is better to insulate the house with mineral wool.
Calculating the amount of mineral wool is not difficult. This material is sold in slabs and rolls. It is better to choose cotton wool in plates. They are simply more convenient to use, especially when insulating even walls. The thickness of the plates is usually 50 mm. With a wooden wall thickness of 20 cm and an outdoor temperature in winter of up to minus 20 degrees, one layer of mineral wool is enough for insulation. At temperatures below minus 20, the walls can be insulated with two or three layers of heat insulator.
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The design of the insulation of a wooden house for an average climate zone.
To perform insulation work, you will need:
- mineral wool;
- wooden lath 50x50 mm for single-layer insulation;
- rail 50x100 mm for two-layer insulation;
- waterproofing film;
- self-tapping screws;
- antiseptic for wood (antifungal emulsion);
- construction stapler;
- Staples;
- metal or plastic anchors;
- building level or plumb.
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The scheme of layers for the insulation of a wooden house.
Work on the insulation of walls outside is best done in the summer and do it in a certain sequence:
- surface preparation;
- installation of a waterproofing layer;
- installation of wooden crates;
- installation of mineral wool slabs;
- installation of an external waterproofing layer;
- facade finishing.
Surface preparation includes the treatment of the outer surfaces of the walls with an antiseptic or antifungal emulsion. After processing, the emulsion should dry well.
Aluminum foil is used as waterproofing polyethylene film, ruberoid. But it is better to purchase a special porous insulating film. It has small membranes to allow air and water vapor to pass only in one direction. Outwardly, one side of the film is glossy, the other is slightly fleecy and rough. With this rough side, the film is directed towards the wall of the house. The waterproofing film is attached to the wooden wall with brackets using a construction stapler. Film layers are recommended to be applied in a horizontal direction, starting from the bottom. The upper layers are superimposed on the lower ones with an overlap of 10-15 cm. It is advisable to additionally glue the joints with construction tape, which is sold together with the film.
Scheme of wall insulation with mineral wool.
The purpose of this layer is to ensure ventilation of the facade of the house under the film. On even walls, it is recommended to fill slats with a thickness of 20-25 mm every m. Attach the film to these slats. At the top and bottom between the slats, holes with a diameter of about 20 mm should be cut in the film. This technology will prevent moisture from accumulating between the wooden wall and the vapor barrier film.
A crate is mounted on top of the laid waterproofing film. Before that, you need to measure the width of the thermal insulation plates in centimeters. Subtract 2 from the result obtained. The resulting figure should be remembered. It is at this distance that the slats of the crate will be located.
The installation of the crate begins with fixing the initial rail with self-tapping screws to the very corner of the house. The verticality of its installation is controlled by a level or a plumb line. The next bars are fastened in such a way that mineral wool slabs are very tightly placed between them.
Mineral wool is very easy to install. It can be cut if needed sharp knife. The insulation boards are attached to the wall with anchors. Through the cotton wool, holes are drilled in the wood of the wall in increments of 50 cm, anchors are hammered into them. The core is driven into the anchor through a layer of cotton wool. He wedges the anchor body and presses the insulation plate against the wall with his wide cap.
After installing all the insulation boards on the wall, a new layer of waterproofing is laid outside this insulation. The rough side of the film is applied to a layer of mineral wool. It is fastened with brackets to the bars of the crate. On top of the film and staples, rails with a section of about 40x50 mm are fastened with self-tapping screws. They will be needed as a crate for finishing the walls. For this finish, lining, siding, facade boards and other finishing facade materials are used.
To insulate the walls from the outside is not the end of the work. It is necessary to take into account the fact that when the house is insulated from the outside, the thickness of the walls will increase by 8-20 cm. It is necessary to consider the question of how to close the insulation layer from the window and doorways. Possible options - new platbands and window sills, siding, lining.
http://youtu.be/Lxy-eLCamq8
Properly executed insulation of the walls of a wooden structure requires an investment of time, labor and money. But the result is a large annual savings in heating costs, the service life of the building is significantly extended, living conditions in such a house become more comfortable. To insulate walls is to extend the life of wooden housing.
1poteply.ru
How to insulate the walls of a wooden house outside: characteristics of heaters, how to insulate a house with high quality
The tree is considered one of the most the best heaters, so houses made of such material often do not need additional insulation. However, some owners of wooden buildings believe that the tree may someday begin to deteriorate, and in order to protect their possessions, they insulate them and also clad them. In addition, high-quality thermal insulation can significantly save on electricity consumption, which is consumed by heating devices. Before you start warming the house from the outside, you should decide not only on the order of work, but also on the material that will be used for this.
What material is needed for the insulation of external walls?
How is a wooden house insulated from the outside? For this, the following materials are used:
- Mineral wool. This material has good thermal and sound insulation performance, it provides a tight fit and practically does not need additional fixation. In addition, the elasticity and softness of the material allows you to stack it easily and efficiently. Mineral wool is not affected by high temperatures. It also does not allow mold or fungus to spread through its structure, and toxic substances are not used in its creation.
- Penoplex (expanded polystyrene). It is a special plate, which is created from expanded polystyrene with a cellular structure. Such material has low thermal conductivity, good strength, long service life, practically does not absorb moisture, and is also resistant to temperature extremes and frost. However, penoplex has high cost and easily damaged by rodents. Under the influence of high temperatures, it easily melts and burns.
- Styrofoam. It is considered the most popular material used to insulate the outer walls of a wooden house. Its structure is a bit like penoplex, but its cells are of a different size, and it also has a different density and manufacturing method. Such material has good thermal insulation properties, does not absorb moisture at all and has a small weight. It is easy to install and also has a low price. However, the foam has poor gas and vapor permeability, which is why air does not enter the room.
- Polyurethane foam. It is a fairly effective material used to insulate walls outside a wooden house. Its installation is carried out by spraying. Many people prefer polyurethane foam to other heaters for its remarkable qualities and the ability to replace the old layer with a new one only after 30 years. Its foamy structure perfectly protects against frost and dust. Polyurethane foam is not afraid of caustic chemical fumes and even acids. In addition, it does not absorb moisture well, has high environmental friendliness and good fire resistance. However, it is worth protecting it from ultraviolet radiation, which can quickly age the material.
Requirements for materials used for wall insulation
The main characteristics that you need to pay attention to when choosing a heater for the walls of a wooden house are the following:
For example, expanded polystyrene has absolutely ideal characteristics, but it has a significant drawback - this is a high degree of flammability and the release of ethylene, which has Negative influence on the human body. But mineral heaters practically do not burn, have good chemical resistance, hygroscopicity and a high degree of sound insulation.
You just have to strive to high-quality insulation materials to avoid the disadvantages of excessive moisture and susceptibility to rodents, while at the same time increasing positive traits- fire resistance, strength, reliability.
It is necessary to consider in more detail the technology of insulating the outer walls of a wooden house with such popular materials as mineral wool and polystyrene foam.
Insulation of the outer walls of a wooden house with mineral wool
Before proceeding with the insulation of the house, it is necessary to calculate the amount of material. Mineral wool is produced in the form of rolls, slabs or mats. It is best to use material in the form of plates for insulation, since rolls are completely inconvenient. To calculate the required amount of insulation, you should know what thickness it has Basic structure. The natural factor is also important. For example, for wooden walls with a thickness of no more than 20 cm, one layer of mineral wool will suffice, provided that the winter is not too severe. In addition, the following tools and materials must be purchased for the insulation process:
- self-tapping screws;
- anchors;
- special film for waterproofing;
- building level;
- construction stapler;
- plumb.
Then they begin to prepare the surface that will need to be insulated. Due to the fact that it is wooden, it is necessary to process it by special means preventing the formation of fungus. It can be an emulsion or a primer. In order for the antiseptic to dry thoroughly, you should leave it for a while. Outside, the walls must be dry when laying insulation. The joints that are between the boards should also be studied. There should be no damage or cracks.
After that, thermal insulation is carried out. First, a vapor barrier layer is attached. It can be roofing felt, vapor barrier, plastic film or aluminum foil. The vapor barrier layer is necessary for the ventilation of the facade of the house. Vertically narrow slats are stuffed onto the surface, on which a layer of vapor barrier is attached. Small ventilation holes are made at the top and bottom between these slats, which prevent the formation of moisture that adversely affects the wooden walls. To prevent moisture from seeping through the holes from the staples or nails, they should be sealed with tape.
Then the crate is installed. A frame is made for the subsequent installation of a layer of thermal insulation. Boards should be 40 mm thick and 100 mm wide. They should be fastened with the rib part to the wall. The distance between them directly depends on the thickness of the insulation.
Proceed to the installation of thermal insulation material. It should be laid between the installed bars of the crate. If necessary, cut the mineral wool with ordinary knife. Installation is carried out, completely excluding all gaps and cracks. Insulation is carried out as follows: the junction line of the first layer of insulation should be at the level of the middle of the slab of the second layer. Mineral wool is an elastic material, so no additional fasteners are required. Then several small holes are made in the insulation. They are required for fasteners and anchors.
Perform waterproofing of the structure. Attach a special bar that retains moisture and does not let air through. It should be overlapped and secured with a construction stapler. To maintain tightness, all joints and openings should be sealed with construction tape. A rail is attached to the waterproofing layer, creating the movement of air flows between the outer skin and the vapor barrier layer. At the bottom, the free space is covered with a metal mesh that protects against rodents and insects. After the insulation is completed, the house is sheathed with any finishing material.
Insulation of the outer walls of a wooden house with foam plastic
This material is considered the most popular used to insulate the outer walls of a wooden house. Before starting insulation work, make sure that the joints on the wall of the house do not have cracks or holes. Then the boards are vertically mounted on which the foam will be attached. In order for the sheets to fit tightly into the constructed frame, it is necessary to observe a certain distance between the boards. To do this, you need to add the thickness of the foam and the board, and subtract 5 cm from the resulting amount.
The frame is mounted in this way: the bars with the rib part should be nailed to the middle of the previous ones. The resulting structure must have the same depth as the insulation. Then a layer of thermal insulation is attached. Work starts from the bottom. There must be the correct distance between the bars - this is the key to high-quality fastening of the foam. Check if there are gaps at the joints.
On top of the previous layer, the diffusion membrane should be fixed with a construction stapler, and the holes and joints should be insulated with adhesive tape. After the insulation of the house is completed, it is clad.
Thus, in order to qualitatively insulate a wooden house from the outside, it is necessary to use only environmentally friendly materials that have the appropriate technical specifications. To do this, it is necessary to carefully study the positive and negative sides each insulation and draw the appropriate conclusions.
kotel.guru
How to insulate a wooden house from the outside with your own hands: choosing the right insulation, stages of work on insulation
Wood is rightfully recognized as one of the most popular materials used in construction. At the same time, it is natural and environmentally friendly.
IN Lately the construction of wooden houses is becoming more widespread. A room made of such material turns out to be very warm, and the owners do not even try to insulate it, but in vain. In frosty winters, even a tree is not able to retain heat. Therefore, many people have a question: how to properly insulate a wooden house from the outside? This needs to be looked into in more detail.
The better to insulate a wooden house from the outside
Houses made of wood can be insulated from the outside or from the inside. According to most experts, it is external insulation that gives the greatest effect, because:
- saves space inside the house;
- this is a great defense bearing walls from natural disasters;
- moisture on the walls will never accumulate, thereby preventing the appearance of condensation, and accordingly the tree will not rot and decay.
Warming the house from the outside requires careful selection required material. It is best to use mineral wool and polystyrene foam for these purposes.
Mineral wool
Most often, do-it-yourself warming of a wooden house is carried out using mineral wool, which has the following qualities:
Styrofoam
It is an environmentally friendly material and has been used as a material for thermal insulation for a very long time. It is moisture resistant and various microorganisms and is also very durable. However, experts do not advise warming a wooden house with it, since it has one serious drawback - high flammability and the ability to emit ethylene, which is harmful to human body.
Insulation of a wooden house with mineral wool
To insulate the building, it is best to purchase mineral wool, which is most often used for these purposes. IN construction stores you can buy mineral wool in the following variations:
It is best to use material in slabs for insulation, since rolls are very inconvenient.
Material Quantity Calculation
First, calculate the amount of material needed for insulation. To do this, you need to know how thick the supporting structure has. It is also necessary to take into account natural conditions. For example, during not too severe winters, the walls of a house 20 cm thick should be insulated with one layer of mineral wool.
In addition to the material for insulation, you should purchase anchors, self-tapping screws and a special film for waterproofing. You will also need tools such as a plumb line, building level and a special stapler.
Surface preparation for insulation
Then proceed to the preparation of the surface, which requires insulation. Since it is wooden, it must be treated with special means from the formation of fungus. You can use emulsion or primer. In order for the selected antiseptic to dry thoroughly, it is left for a while. One more condition must be observed - the walls should not be wet. Correctly lay the insulation only on a dry surface. There should not be any gaps between the boards. If they nevertheless arose, then the situation is corrected with the help of jute tow or polyurethane foam.
Vapor barrier and batten installation
The next step is the implementation of vapor barrier. They begin to fix the vapor barrier layer, using polyethylene film, aluminum foil, as well as roofing felt or a vapor barrier. Such a layer is intended to ensure that the facade of the house has ventilation. Narrow slats begin to be vertically stuffed onto a smooth surface, which will subsequently be used to attach the vapor barrier layer.
Ventilation holes are provided between the rails at the bottom and at the top. They are necessary to prevent the formation of moisture, which can damage wooden walls. To prevent water from penetrating through the holes from the staples or nails, they should be sealed with tape.
Starting to install the framing. To do this, install a frame that will be used to mount the thermal insulation layer. The thickness of the boards should be 40 mm and the width 100 mm. They are attached to the wall with a rib part. The distance between the bars directly depends on how thick the material for insulation has. Be sure to use the building level, with which they align the position of the boards relative to the vertical level.
Installation of thermal insulation material
Next, proceed to the installation of material for insulation. It is laid between the bars of the crate. If necessary, the mineral wool is cut with an ordinary sharp knife. Installation is carried out in such a way as to completely eliminate gaps and cracks. A feature of mineral wool is its elasticity, which allows you not to use additional mounts. After that, several holes are made in the insulation at a distance of 50 cm from each other for fasteners and anchors.
Construction waterproofing and facade cladding
Then proceed to the waterproofing of the structure. To do this, they attach a special film that can retain moisture and does not allow air to pass through. Lay it with an overlap and fix it with ordinary nails or a construction stapler to the frame. For tightness, all joints and openings are sealed with construction tape. A rail should be attached to the waterproofing layer. As a result, air circulation is created between the outer skin and the vapor barrier layer. From below, the free space must be closed with a metal mesh so that various insects and rodents do not penetrate inside.
The final stage of warming the house is the cladding of the facade with the necessary finishing material, for example, a block house or siding. The process of installation of the finishing coating is carried out according to the technology.
Insulation of a wooden house with foam plastic
Styrofoam is also used to insulate the house with their own hands. Before starting the installation of insulation, check the quality of the joints on the wall. After that, the boards that will be needed to fix the foam are mounted. For tight entry of insulation sheets into the constructed frame, it is necessary to strictly observe the required distance of the boards from each other. To do this, add up the thickness of the board, and subtract 5 cm from the resulting amount.
The frame begins to be mounted in this way: the bars are nailed to the middle of the previous ones with the edge part. Then they begin to attach a layer of insulation, this process is best started from the bottom. The correct distance between the bars is the key good fastening material. Be sure to check for gaps at the joints. A diffusion membrane is fixed on top of the previous layer with a construction stapler, and the holes and joints are sealed with adhesive tape. In the end, they carry out the facing of a wooden house.