The staircase in the house is not only a way of connecting two floors, but also a major element of the interior. Currently, there are a great many different staircase designs. But a special place among them is occupied by screw products.
These are objects that are very difficult to design and manufacture. Therefore, if possible, it is better to order such a design from a specialized company.
The craftsmen will make an accurate calculation and create such a staircase in accordance with all standards. Remember that any mistake during project design or implementation can be costly later on.
If you are confident in your carpentry skills and you have enough free time, then you can create such a product yourself. How to make a spiral staircase correctly, you will learn from our article.
General characteristics of spiral staircases
Dignity
This building has undeniable advantages:
- compactness- the screw design takes up little space;
- economical consumption of material- it will be required much less than in the case of a marching type of products;
- original appearance - this building can become a real decoration for your home interior.
disadvantages
The cons of these designs are as follows:
- little functionality- such a staircase will not allow bringing in furniture or large household appliances;
- difficulty in use- it is more difficult to walk in a spiral than in a straight line. Therefore, even at the design stage, you need to carefully consider the ergonomics that a homemade spiral staircase will have. First of all, pay attention to the size and number of steps, as well as the convenience and reliability of the handrail.
Basic types of construction
Depending on the shape, there are 2 types of such a product:
- polygonal- such buildings repeat the configuration of the walls of the room. The steps are interconnected with a straight or spiral bowstring. Kosour or bolets can also be applied. In this case, the railings, along with the post, are supporting structure, giving rigidity to the entire building;
In the photo - polygonal type
- rounded- in it, the steps are located radially and are attached to the support pillar. They are connected to each other using a spiral bowstring or bolts.
Materials for making
Spiral stair treads are usually made of hardwood. Staircase steps can be made of oak, maple or cedar. In the most modern models often used plastic, tempered glass or metal.
Some stair designs use artificial granite, ceramics, or even marble. The price of such products will be appropriate.
There are railings and bowstrings in a separate row. They are made from glued wood or various alloys.
In turn, the support post can be metal, wood or stone. The most common are the first two options.
Advice! In this case the best option Is the use steel pipe... It has sufficient strength, and handrails can be easily attached to it.
Making a spiral staircase
Calculations
The manufacturing process begins with the calculation of all the necessary parameters. As an example, consider the case when we need to make a structure 85 cm wide and 2.7 m high with a central support having a diameter of 20 cm.
First, we determine the total diameter of our future product. It will be equal to the thickness of the ladder multiplied by two plus the diameter of the support. That is - 85 * 2 + 20 = 190 cm.
In this circle you need to inscribe the second circle. A man will climb along it. Its radius will be denoted as R1. It is calculated as the sum of half the width of the structure and half the radius of the B-pillar. In our case, it will look like this: 85: 2 + 20: 2 = 52.5 cm
As for the width of the steps, it is no more than 40-44 centimeters. Homemade spiral staircases have one feature here. For them, this width will increase with distance from the center of the stairs. Therefore, for the calculations, we will use an average value of 20 cm.
Now let's determine the number of steps in one loop of the structure - we divide the length of the second circle by the width of the step. It looks like this: (2 * 3.14 * 52.5) / 20 = 16.4. We round this result and get 16 steps.
Next, we calculate the approximate height of the steps. For this purpose, we will divide the circle by radial lines into 16 equal parts.
At the same time, we note the following. In order for the ladder to be convenient during operation, the last step of the loop must be higher than the first one to the height of human growth. In addition, you need to take into account the thickness of the steps and add a small margin of 10-15 centimeters.
Taking the average height of a person to be 185 cm, the thickness of the step is 4 cm, plus a margin of 15 cm, we get the height of the coil equal to 204 cm.
We will divide this value by the number of steps: 204/16 = 12.75. Thus, we got the height of the steps, which will be 12.7 cm.
Our next step is to calculate the total number of steps. The calculation instructions here are simple - we will divide the height of the entire staircase by the height of one step. It looks like this: 270 / 12.7 = 21.2. Round off and get 21 pieces.
Now we need to calculate the final step height. To do this, we divide the height of the structure by the number of elements obtained: 270/21 = 12.85. This means that this parameter will be equal to 12.8 cm.
Manufacturing of steps and railings
Steps should be made of solid wood such as oak or beech. And it is best to use ready-made rectangular elements... From them, you can cut out blanks of the desired configuration.
On sale you can find elements 4 cm thick with following dimensions: 40x80 centimeters and 30x110 centimeters. Both can be cut diagonally, resulting in trapezoidal blanks. After that, they need to give the desired shape and round off the edges.
We paint or varnish the finished steps. Then we attach special bushings to them. They will allow you to attach the steps to the support leg.
After that, we move on to solving the problem of how to make a railing for spiral staircase... To create balusters, we will use metal or wooden rods. The handrails are made of laminated veneer lumber.
Railings can be made of straight bars or curved. The second option looks much more effective, but it is rather difficult to implement.
Assembling the stairs
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Having finished the preparation, we proceed to assembling the product with our own hands. In the course of it, it is imperative to pay attention to the reliability of the fastening of the central support. Indeed, first of all, the safety of all subsequent operation depends on this.
In the video presented in this article, you will find Additional information on this topic (also learn how to make a metal frame for a staircase).
Elegant and graceful metal constructions, spiral staircases are attractive for several reasons. However, the simplicity of their manufacture and relatively low cost successfully complement positive traits stairs. In addition, the compactness with which the structure can be made will allow it to be placed even on the most clamped area. If there was no spiral staircase in the plans for the construction or refurbishment of a summer cottage or house, then you should take a closer look at it. She can not only decorate the house, but also make it more functional.
Spiral staircase to the second floor, design advantages
The compact design of the spiral staircase will allow you to solve those problems that were inaccessible to other staircase designs, and in combination with metal, they give an undoubted benefit, namely:
1. Compactness. The spiral staircase has absolutely small size thanks to one single support, around which all its structural elements are located. In order to fully use the spiral staircase, you can select no more than one and a half square meters area. This is several times less when compared with traditional designs.
2. Availability. Spiral staircases, prices for which are determined only by the cost of material and manufacturing in the factory or workshop conditions, are much lower than marching structures, since all structural details can be unified and do not require adjustment in place.
3. Simplicity of installation and manufacture. The principle of making metal spiral staircases is simple, you just need to have certain basic skills and have an elementary tool to make a spiral staircase with your own hands from metal Drawings and diagrams are also not at all complicated and are available for understanding and reading without any preparation.
4. Functionality. A spiral staircase, in addition to being the main means of climbing to the second floor, can be used as additional way, due to its small size and exist along with the flight stairs.
However, many also point to some of the disadvantages that the screw metal ladder... As a rule, steps become objects of attacks - it is not always possible to complete them with sufficient width. Sometimes it can become a source of increased danger, especially when it comes to the elderly.
Types of metal spiral staircases
Since the ladder can be crafted different ways, then the characteristics, including the dynamic load, the ladder will withstand different. It all depends on the metal from which the structure is made. And, of course, technology. And it can be different:
Of course, this does not mean that the staircase is molded at the place of installation, it means the method of manufacturing the structural elements. The easiest to install are welded structures, since they are more flexible in the choice of both linear parameters and load characteristics, therefore, almost all stairs that are made independently are made by welding.
Construction and drawings of spiral staircases
The design of spiral staircases is a rather complicated matter, so when manufacturing it is worth using ready-made drawings. This is due to the mass of both reference and local data that must be used for the calculation, therefore the use and adaptation of the finished drawing - perfect option... When developing drawings, not only the main indicators tied to the features of the structure are taken into account, such as:
The main indicator that determines the functionality of the structure is the width of the step, therefore, according to all standards, it should be at least 35 cm at its widest point. Considering the fact that the step in the spiral staircase is not rectangular, but trapezoidal, then the average width in the center of the step is taken equal to 20 cm.
Spiral staircase economy in a private house, design and railings
The simplest stairs that can be successfully assembled with your own hands and used both in the country and in a large cottage are welded simple constructions economy class. As a rule, such stairs are assembled around the main pillar, which is rigidly fixed in the staircase. Such a structure is assembled from ready-made elements, and the elements themselves can be prepared and made in convenient conditions, and during the installation of the structure it will be enough to assemble them together. We have presented several of these designs in the photo.
The simplest option is a prefabricated pillar, which is formed as the steps are strengthened, and the design of the railings and power elements is determined by the owner's choice, here the choice is extremely large. Thus, for very little money and with your own hands, you can make a simple spiral staircase for a summer residence, which, nevertheless, will meet all the parameters of safety and comfort.
The spiral staircase to the second floor of a private dwelling is important element home design. You can do it yourself, spending a minimum of money on the purchase of the required materials.
Spiral staircase designs, which are often called circular and spiral, are very popular with owners two-story houses with small area... For the arrangement of such stairs, one and a half square meters are enough, on which a reliable support is mounted. And the structure itself, attached to this base, literally "hangs" in the air, creating a truly sophisticated design in the home.
Spiral staircase
Spiral staircases are made from different materials... At the same time, wood structures are considered the most popular. They make it possible to create very original interiors for relatively little money. And most importantly, a ladder made of wood with his own hands can be made and installed by any person who is "friends" with the most common construction tools.
Structurally, circular structures on the second floor are divided into several types. It is not difficult to pick up drawings for the following staircase structures:
- With steps, reinforced by cantilever technology on the main monolithic support pillar. Such structures are mounted at some distance from the walls of the room.
- With wedge-shaped steps resting on the central column and at the same time on the walls. Steps to wall surfaces are most often fixed on bolts. But there are also more "advanced" options, when fastening is carried out on stringers or on spiral bowstrings.
- Without central support. In this case, the steps are attached to stringers or spirally curved bowstrings, which go into special railing-rods. It is quite difficult to make such a ladder with your own hands, although drawings for its manufacture are available in large quantities.
- With support in the center of asbestos-cement or metal pipe. The section of the latter should be 5 or more centimeters. As a rule, it is these wooden structures that are made by the owners of private two-story houses with their own hands. They are distinguished by high operational reliability and ease of manufacture.
Wooden staircase structures are built according to certain principles. In order to competently make a drawing and develop a project for such structures, the following requirements must be taken into account:
- the steps should have a depth of 20 cm in their midline;
- the diameter of the spiral staircase is taken in the range of 130–330 cm (the same indicator must be at the opening in the interfloor overlap);
- march width - up to 143 cm (not less than 53 cm).
In practice, structures with a diameter of about 210 cm are most often erected with their own hands. Note that in terms of plan they can be not only round, but also oval or polygonal. The optimal width of the march of the structure is 85 cm. If you are planning to make a staircase with your own hands for the first time, experts advise using ready-made drawings. There are no problems finding the perfect project for your home. You will only need to correct the data contained in the finished drawing, adjusting them to the parameters of your home.
DIY wood ladder
It's easy to do basic calculations with your own hands. First of all, it is required to determine the height of the structure's rise. She must be comfortable for everyone who lives in the house. Let's see how the lifting height is calculated for a structure with a height of 300 cm with a march 80 cm wide and a support with a section of 20 cm (a standard project, the drawing of which is often used by home craftsmen):
- The diameter of the structure is 80x2 + 20 = 180 cm (we take a double width and add to it the section of the support used).
- The lift radius is defined as the sum of the radius of the support used and 1/2 of the march width. Add 40 to 10 cm and get 50 cm.
- For such indicators, the number of steps in one turn of the staircase is usually taken equal to 17.
Now you can calculate optimal height steps. It should ensure safe and maximally comfortable movement of a person with a height of 180-200 cm on the stairs.... We take the maximum height (200 cm), divide it by the number of steps (17) and get a height of about 12 cm, which we must achieve by erecting a circular staircase made of wood with our own hands. You can use the described calculation algorithm for stair structures with a different length and width of the run. Just plug in your numbers and get correct results.
The function of the central support in the described screw structures is most often performed by metal pipe with a cross section of 5-7 cm. You can also make the main stand with your own hands from a strong and thick wooden beams... The central support must be mounted in the place chosen for it, strictly vertically. At the same time, the reference point (by which they mean wooden or concrete floors) is obliged to withstand the load on the circular staircase without any problems.
Installation and fixing in the vertical position of the main pillar is carried out: different types(for example, anchor bolts); by pouring a concrete mixture into the base of the support used. When using metal fasteners, it will be easier for you to set the main rack vertically with your own hands. But when pouring concrete into the pipe, it will be necessary to additionally strengthen it with special stretch marks and adjust the right angle with their help.
Fixing the main pole of the ladder in a vertical position
Wooden steps for circular staircase construction it is recommended to be made from maple, beech or oak wood. These tree species are characterized by increased durability. The steps from them will serve you for a very long time.
You will need to take a rectangular board of a certain size, cut it diagonally to get two trapezoidal treads. After that, their edges need to be rounded, thoroughly processed the edges and apply several layers of varnish on future steps. If you do not like to walk on lacquered steps (you are afraid of slipping), you can treat them with stain or special impregnations that have dirt-repellent properties. In this case, the surface of the steps will be rougher.
Installation of steps on the central support is carried out using bushings. Please note - the height of these fasteners must be equal to the distance between the two steps. Washers should be laid on the areas of contact between the bushings and the joints of the steps. They will protect wooden crafts from deformation during operation of the structure and mechanical damage.
We make railings - we observe safety
The final stage of work is the installation of the fence. Railings are needed not only to ensure the safety of movement on the stairs, but also to give the structure an elegant look. Fences are best made from balusters made from wooden rods. They are easy to cut on lathe... If you do not have access to such equipment, you will have to buy finished goods... In this case, you will need two types of balusters:
- small ones that you will install on each step of the structure;
- larger ones (they are mounted at the corners of the stairs).
The installation of the fence is as follows:
- Mark an angle on the top of the large balusters, which is equal to the angle of inclination of the structure we are creating. Then cut off the unnecessary part.
- Make a hole on the bottom of the baluster. It is needed to fasten the components of the stairs by means of cylindrical wooden nails (they are called dowels).
- Drill holes in the places where the balusters will be mounted. We install dowels. To prevent them from loosening, you can additionally fill them with glue.
- Place balusters around the entire perimeter of the staircase.
- Install handrails. They are installed on the cut at a given angle upper part large balusters.
- Check the accuracy of the installation of the handrails using. If everything is ok, secure them.
- Apply to fencing protective compounds for wood.
Your spiral staircase is ready!
The compact design of a spiral staircase ideally combines lightness and strength, brings an element of originality and uniqueness into the interior, at the same time it has a number of other practical and applied advantages.
Consider the technology for arranging a spiral staircase, what material to use, how to calculate and how to make structural elements.
Pros of spiral staircases
- Firstly, the spiral staircase does not take up much space, since it is located around a special support and, as it were, "hangs" in the air. In the case of limited space, this is a powerful argument. Enough 1.5 sq. m for a device of this design.
- Secondly, the cost of a spiral staircase is slightly less than the cost of building the usual ones.
- Thirdly, a rather simple manufacturing principle, of course, you need to have certain skills and tools, but it is quite possible to do it on your own.
- Fourthly, the efficiency of use in their own houses or apartments, where there is no heavy traffic of people and you can safely go up to the second floor.
It is important to remember that the steps of the helical structure are not very wide and with a sufficiently steep rise, this becomes a source of increased danger. Therefore, it is recommended to walk on such a structure not very quickly and observe the rules of caution. You can compensate for this disadvantage by arranging reliable handrails. Even more important is the accurate calculation of the dimensions of the stairs and, in particular, the run-in steps and the width of the tread (horizontal surface).
In fact, you can make a spiral staircase for a house, which will become an exquisite component of a room, on your own, keeping in mind the nuances that are of fundamental importance:
- Professionals advise to make the span width of at least 100 cm for comfortable movement, then the width of the structure turns out to be a little more than two meters, provided that the bearing support has a diameter of 20-50 mm.
- An inexpensive and at the same time reliable option, which is one of the most common, is a design when the steps are fixed on a bearing support and screw handrails with balusters.
- Another design, with bent-glued handrails, with steps and risers fixed on them, without the construction of a support in the center, is much more expensive and requires more labor.
A ladder screw taken in the horizontal plane can be in the form of a circle or a polygon (when the structure is near the walls). To install the steps, recesses are made in the wall, where bookmarks are prepared for subsequent installation.
What materials to use to make spiral staircases?
The strength and durability of the stairs depends on the selected material. As the main supporting element of the structure, an asbestos-cement or metal pipe is suitable, on which the steps are attached by welding, bolted or coupling. Sometimes brick, concrete, stone or wood are used in the manufacture of the support.
Railings are made of hardwood, metal, their combined use is possible. In addition to traditional beech, oak, ash and metal steps today, glass or plastic steps are not uncommon.
In order to achieve durability, reliability and increased safety, the following recommendations should be adhered to:
- The helical design, in which the inner edge of the horizontal plane is free, reduces the risk of slipping when going up and down the narrow part of the steps. Similar option called a ladder without a vertical plane, and it has a higher safety performance.
- Moving up the stairs usually takes place in the middle of the steps, so it is recommended to make them about 20 centimeters wide. Already 15 cm from the central support, the width of the steps should be at least 10 cm.
- The length of the steps depends on the purpose of the stairs. In the case of rare use, you can limit yourself to a size of 0.6 m with a diameter of 1.4 m. Optimal size slightly larger: steps - 0.8 m, diameter - about 2 m.
- When calculating design data, it should be provided that the height for a person's passage provides the ability to move along the next loop, which is about two meters.
- For the central support, it seems optimal to use a thick-walled metal pipe (with a diameter of about 50 mm), which gives the entire structure the necessary strength. The support must be exactly vertical and the point on which it rests must be able to carry the entire load.
- At wooden covering the upright post is mounted using anchor bolts and the necessary hardware. The option of fastening by pouring concrete with the use of guy ropes is possible.
- To fix the steps on the central post, holes are drilled on the narrow side of the step with a diameter that is equal to the diameter of the post. The steps are installed by means of bushings, their height should be the same as the height of the vertical plane. Horizontal planes and bushings must be laid with washers to protect the tree from deformation. The size of the bushings should be calculated by adding the size of all washers, otherwise the height of the entire structure will be greater than the preliminary data.
- The length of the steps directly correlates with the size of the opening in the ceiling, and we get their number by dividing the height of the stairs by 18-20 cm (the distance between the feet), not forgetting to add the thickness of the steps.
- To give the structure strength, the subsequent steps are laid with a slight overlap on the previous ones and fixed with a bracket, which is placed between the adjacent edges of the steps in their wide part.
Installation of a spiral staircase
The assembly of the spiral staircase is carried out in the following sequence: installation of the bearing rack, installation of treads and bushings in the desired order. This is followed by the installation of the steps, taking into account their exact initial and final position, at the end, the brackets are fixed. Installation is completed with fasteners of the upper step to the ceiling. It remains only to put the railings and handrails.
Calculation of a spiral staircase - drawings and diagrams
DIY spiral staircase - video assembly instructions
Wooden spiral staircases - photo
Not in every country house or a cottage you can build a full-size interfloor staircase... An excellent way out of this situation is a spiral staircase. It is less comfortable to move around, but by choosing an acceptable option, you will ensure the convenience of moving around it. Spiral staircases are distinguished by their original, beautiful and memorable appearance.
In the article, we will tell you how to make a spiral staircase with your own hands to the second floor from metal and wood, demonstrate diagrams and drawings, as well as photo and video instructions.
How to choose a design
When choosing a staircase option, immediately discard the ideas of newfangled designs. They are not very suitable for constant, intensive use, and only experienced master with many special skills and tools, financial capabilities.
The design of the spiral staircase you have chosen must meet all safety rules and be easy to install. It is worth remembering that the likelihood of injury largely depends on the width of the steps.
Draw up a drawing of a spiral staircase and indicate all the design parameters in it, this will allow you to avoid many problems arising from improper installation.
Note! Intensively used stairs are made with a width of at least one meter.
Mount types
Have screw structures there are no platforms, they consist of winder steps. The most popular connection methods are:
- Radial, steps are arranged in the form of a staircase screw. The basis of the structure is kosoura, a support stand.
- The best and reliable design is a staircase supported by walls or a rack.
- The spiral staircase on the bolts will save you from the creak of the steps, in such a design there is no connection between the wooden parts.
- Steps attached to the center pillar and spiral railing, are the most accessible and easily performed method self-assembly stairs.
Material
Metal and wood remain the most popular materials for building spiral staircase structures. You can make the decor of the stairs as original as your imagination allows. The varnished wooden structure will enhance the beauty of the texture of the living material.
A wooden staircase will bring warmth and home comfort... For the manufacture of wooden structure any type of wood can be used. Everything will depend on your financial capabilities.
Note! It is better to make steps from hard wood, and handrails from metal or a combination of wood and metal. In addition to wood for the manufacture of steps, you can use marble, metal, glass.
Metal pipes are great for making the B-pillar. Secure the steps in it with welding, couplings, bolted connections. Concrete, brick, wood are well suited for the construction of the central pillar. The main thing is that the rack, made of the material of your choice, can withstand the expected load.
Construction stages
Note! The most the best option for the construction of a spiral staircase is a structure in which the steps are attached to a pole. For this, a metal pipe with a diameter of 50 mm is suitable.
Mount it vertically with a plumb line. It is attached to the wooden floor with bolts and fasteners. On concrete base the rack is fastened with guy wires embedded in it. Such fastening methods will ensure the reliability of the entire structure. After installing the stand, do the following.
Take the blanks, give them the desired shape, process them cleanly.
- To connect the steps with the rack, you need to install special bushings on them.
- Cover the steps with varnish or paint;
- Mount the bushings and treads on the rack, fan them out, give the structure the correct position
- Install the brackets between the wide tread elements;
- After installing the last bushing, decorate it with a beautiful decorative head;
- Install all steps with fasteners;
- Secure the balusters, they can be straight or curly outlines;
- Install handrails made of plastic or wood in advance.
- Final work - finishing spiral staircase. Wooden ladder best to paint. If you used wood with a pronounced structure, then it is best to cover the structure with varnish, through which the natural beauty of the wood will be clearly visible.
Before starting the finishing, everything wooden elements clean thoroughly, then cover with wood stain and several coats of clear varnish.
Wooden parts that do not have a good structure, just paint oil paint or use nitro enamel. After completing all of the above work, an excellent spiral staircase will appear in your house.
Video
An example of the installation of a spiral staircase can be seen here:
Drawings and diagrams
The drawings and diagrams provided below will help you make a spiral staircase in your home on your own:
Photo
