For their children, parents seek to acquire high-quality, reliable things. The health and performance of the child depends on the right choice. After all, if the furniture, where you have to do lessons, inconvenient, the baby will not be able to sit here a sufficient amount of time. He will be hard to teach the lessons at home. That is why it is so important to approach the process responsibly.
Choosing sizes for a schoolboy, you need to get acquainted with the recommendations of specialists. There are certain norms that allow you to acquire optimal furniture. After spending quite a long time at the desk, the schoolboy must sit correctly. It directly depends on the health of his back, view, as well as comfort and performance. For an inconvenient table, the child will not raise for a long time. It will interfere with concentrate on educational material. How to choose the optimal dimensions will be prompted by specialists.
Where to begin?
In second place, the quality of materials is in second place. From this indicator depends the durability of the product, comfortable for a schoolboy. The compliance of the presented furniture the interior of the room should not slip away from the buyer's attention zone, but nevertheless it is a secondary question. The main thing is to like the table. In the process of selection, parents should pay attention to the quality of fasteners. Children are very mobile, so the table should be strong, good.
This is one of the most expensive purchases that must be made by the parents of the first grader. But a writing table, selected correctly, is operated for several years.
Popular table shape
Studying the standard sizes of the desk for a schoolboy, it is necessary to pay attention to the form. There are several popular options for the execution of the furniture represented. The first form is the oldest. But she is still in the trend. These are rectangular tables with a small number of boxes.
Next, this species should be paid as a computer table. Now many schoolchildren have an appropriate office equipment. Tables at the same time have a special place for the monitor, disks, retractable panel for the keyboard.
If the size of the room allows, you can purchase a M-shaped species. On one side, the child can perform written work, and on the other - to work on the computer.
Another popular principle of construction is a transformer table. It is adjusted to the growth of the child, so such a product is exploited longer than ordinary varieties of children's furniture.
Making tables
The size of a written table for a schoolchildren regulates GOST 11015-71. He highlights groups of children in accordance with their growth. There are 5 categories that are labeled or color. To easily figure out the principles that are used in the manufacture of tables, it is necessary to consider the table of their size for schoolchildren.
In the manufacture of furniture for schoolchildren adhere to the standards presented. This allows children to ensure comfortable tables. Tirelessness in this case is significantly reduced. This allows you to provide up to 85% of children with suitable furniture for productive learning.
One of the variants of drawings with dimensions is presented. All parameters are selected in accordance with the specified GOST.
Dimensions of a table
To make it easier to choose the correct dimensions of the furniture, it is necessary to consider the drawing of the writing desk with sizes for a schoolboy (further). So that the child could freely decompose his notebooks on it, textbooks, width working area There must be at least 60 cm, and the length is 120 cm.
I - length of the table (120 cm).
II - Width of the table (60 cm).
If a laptop or computer is standing on a regular rectangular table, you need to consider the dimensions of technology. The furniture will be even wider and longer. In this case, special types of tables will be helped to organize. It is also important to choose their height correctly.
The distance from the floor to the countertops must correspond to the growth of the child. So that it does not slightly, the part should be high enough.
But if this parameter exceeds the norm, the legs of a small student will not get to the floor. It is very uncomfortable. There are other sizes to pay attention to when choosing.
Table parameters
Choosing the sizes of the desk for a schoolboy according to GOST, you need to pay attention to a number of other parameters. It should be noted that the desk is selected simultaneously with the chair. When a child stays behind her, his legs should stand on the floor. The knees should be bent at an angle of 90º.
Free space under the table should be enough. If there are drawers here, the distance for the child's feet should be 45 cm long, and in the width - at least 50 cm.
It is also necessary to pay attention to the angle of tilt the tabletop. Ideal if it is 30 °. If the furniture without a slope, you need to buy a stand under books, notebooks.
How to check the correctness of the choice
The optimal size of the writing desk for a schoolchild should be selected with the child. It is necessary to ask the baby to sit on the high chairs. Elbows lie freely. At the same time, the shoulders should not be raised. Feet stand on the floor. The distance from them to the countertops should be 15 cm.
If the height is chosen correctly, the surface of the furniture will be at the level of the child's solar plexus.
There is another simple test that allows you to appreciate the correctness of the furniture. When a schoolboy sees at the table, you need to ask him to put hands in front of myself. Next, the tip of the middle finger, the child must get to the eye. If this condition is performed, the choice is correct.
Additional equipment
Different additional elements may have written tables for schoolchildren. With dimensions will help determine the above rules. But furniture dimensions depend on its configuration.
To avoid chaos in the workplace, various shelves will be required, drawers. Multiple bedside tables can also be included. Such additional elements should be on wheels. This will allow free to move the bedside tables if necessary.
Shelves above the table can be open. Boxes in the table are also necessary. Some doors can be closed on the key. It will give the opportunity to feel your personal space, keep some kind of secrets.
Review of inexpensive models
In search of the best furniture options, you need to consider an overview of convenient desks for a schoolboy. Among the inexpensive varieties (from 6 to 10 thousand rubles), such models such as Delta-10, Demi, R-304, Grifon Style R800 should be highlighted.
These are pretty high-quality furniture options for schoolchildren. They are celebrated as the best in the low-grade segment many buyers. Materials from which presented tables are made are safe for a child.
Wanting to exploit furniture for a long time, it is worth buying "Demi". It can be adjusted under the growth of the child. If the kid slips, sitting incorrectly, you can give preference to the R-304 table. It has a special cutout, corrective posture. If the table is standing on the table, it is better to buy R800.
Overview of medium and expensive tables
Studying the size of the desk for a schoolboy, you should pay attention to the expensive and average at the cost of the product. Their price starts from 11 thousand rubles. Up to 15 thousand rubles. Popular models such as Direct 1200m, ComStep-01 / BB, orthopedic Conductor-03 / Milk & B, Mealux BD-205 will cost. It's stylish beautiful models With a wide range of functions. They are selected in accordance with the needs of the child.
Users note that the MOLL CHAMPION transformer table is characterized by the optimal ratio of price and quality. Its cost is about 35 thousand rubles. The countertop is divided into three functional zones. This is a convenient furniture in all respects. Durability and comfort confirm numerous user reviews.
Choosing the size of a written table for a schoolboy, parents seek to buy the most comfortable furniture. In addition to the dimensions, it is necessary to pay attention to the form. Lines must be smooth, streamlined.
Surface high-quality furniture Do not have hooks, irregularities. The table should not smell with varnish or other chemicals. Too soft surface will be short-lived. It is typical for poor-quality plastic. Therefore, it is better to give preference to more expensive, but good-quality materials.
It is also necessary to consider the harmonious location of furniture in the interior. It is very important to create proper lighting. Therefore, it is originally necessary to put the table so that a sufficient amount of daylight falls on it. You also need to put a lamp. This is a mandatory attribute of a schoolboy desktop. Some models already have appropriate places to connect the lamp.
Applying to the process of choice, you can buy high-quality, durable furniture. Through this table, the child will be convenient to perform homework. He will not slouch, quickly get tired. If this thing really likes the young schoolboy, he will be able to spend enough time at the table. And its performance depends on it. The table is a personal corner of the child. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the choice of this subject of the interior as possible.
The organization of workplaces for staff is one of the key issues in office equipment. They must be convenient and meet the requirements.
The main elements of the modern workplace of any office employee are office tables, chairs, and computers. It should be remembered that, in accordance with the sanitary standards, the distance between the office desks should be at least two meters, while the area coming to one workplace should be at least 4.5 m² (at least 6 m², if a person works for the CRT -monitor). Workplace It should be organized so that the employee has the ability to change the working position and not to create muscle overload. Proper organization Jobs by 90% depends on how much office tables and office chairs are correctly chosen.
How do they have to answer? It should be designed in such a way that everything you need to work with convenience. Tables can be both unregulated and with an adjustable working surface height. Adjustable height should vary in the range from 680 to 800 mm., And the mechanism of its adjustment should be easily accessible, easily managed, and have reliable fixation. If the working surface is unregulated, then its height should be 725 mm. As for the size of the working surface of the office tables, the depth should be at least 600 (800) mm, the width is at least 1200 (1600) mm. In addition, the edges and corners of the working surface of the office table should not be sharp. The space for feet at the office table should be at least 600 mm in height and at least 500 mm wide, the depth is at least 450 mm at the knee level and at least 650 mm at the level of elongated legs. The keyboard stand must be adjustable in height and allow you to position the keyboard at a distance of 100-300 mm from the edge. Monitor screens should be 600-700 mm from the eyes, but not closer to 500.
Chairs office staff Must must, first of all, maintain a rational working position, allow it to change to reduce the static muscle tension of the neck, shoulders and spins, and also eliminate the possibility of a blood circulation disorder in the legs. They should be selected taking into account the growth of the user, the nature and duration of its work.
Chairs for employees must be equipped with a lifting switching mechanism, and the seats and backlock angles should be adjusted in height and from the back of the back from the front edge of the seat. To reduce the static tension of the muscles of the hands, the chairs of employees are equipped with stationary or removable armrests, which can be adjusted in height over the seat and at the inner distance between them. It is especially convenient when the regulation of each position is carried out independently, easily, and securely fixed.
The surface of the seat seats should have a width and depth of at least 400 mm. And, ideally, it is necessary to change the angle of inclination of the seat of the seat from 15 ° to ahead to 5 °. The height of the seat must be adjusted from 400 to 550 mm. And the height of the back should be 300 (plus-minus 20) mm, and the width of at least 380 mm. The angle of inclination of the back should be adjusted from 0 ° to 30 ° from the vertical position, and the backrest distance from the front edge of the seat - from 260 to 400 mm. The length of the armrests should be at least 250 mm, the width is 50-70 mm, and their height over the seat is adjusted in the range of 230 mm, while the inner distance is in the range from 350 to 500 mm.
It is also important to place furniture that make up the workplaces of employees. Office Tables It is necessary to be placed so that computer monitors are oriented side with respect to light sources, and the natural light fell on the left. If this workplaces of employees whose work is creative, requires a significant concentration of attention or high mental stress, they should be isolated from each other by partitions.
Ergonomics is engaged in optimizing jobs in order to ensure maximum labor efficiency. If you take wider, responsible for the convenience and comfort. Ergonomic cuisine must allow the owners to prepare eating minimal time spent, not taking advantage of physically. And, of course, without risk to get injured. It is necessary to take into account the technology of cooking, understand the features of the physiology and psychology of man. Universal Ergonomics of the kitchen and creating an individual comfortable environment for concrete person Either the whole family is the topic of our article.
There are generally accepted rules for designing furniture, with their help you can create a surroundings in which any person will feel more or less comfortable. But people differ, they will behave in different ways, possess the physical data and habits inherent in them. The standard solution, which is considered convenient, will not always be the best for a particular person. Highlighting your own kitchen, it is worth thinking about whether you are cooking food. And how could it be improved and facilitate this process if the situation was organized in other things. Individual ergonomic design is not a luxury, but the path to reducing time costs when cooking, saving the health and creating a good mood.
Ergonomic kitchen is convenient, allows you to cook food faster and not to get tired
All by mind: Rational Kitchen Layout
The basis of ergonomic cuisine is a convenient layout and placement of furniture, taking into account the cooking technology. We are mainly used: take out a piece of meat (fish, vegetables), mine (clean), cut (crumbling), put on a frying pan (in a saucepan, on bastard). Path of most products: refrigerator - washing - cutting board - stove. It is only necessary to place kitchen equipment and furniture, without confusing their sequence. If in linear kitchen Put between the refrigerator and the sink plate, the hostess forever is doomed to excess manipulations, which will certainly cause inconvenience and irritation.
It does not matter, in which configuration will be placed furniture. In one line, g-figuratively or letter P. Main, comply with the technologically determined sequence in the location of the equipment
As for the sizes of zones: the more, the better. Large refrigerator, washing for two compartments with "wing", preparation zone (cutting) products with a length of 90-120 cm and full of dimensional kitchen stove is an ideal solution. Alas, in domestic conditions the size of the room limit the flight of fantasy. In the inhabitants of "Khrushchevok" and the choice, there is no: the refrigerator, subject to the placement of the table, it is often necessary to endure in the corridor or hallway, because in the kitchen of 6 m2 there is simply no place for it.
Functional planning Kitchen furniture must match cooking technology
Options for the placement of furniture and technology in a standard kitchen area of \u200b\u200b12 m2
When planning the kitchen, it is necessary to take into account the recommendations both at the height of individual elements of the furniture and the width of the passages.
Optimal Length Working Zone
Calculate what should be, in our opinion, the comfortable length of the kitchen front. It will consist of the following items:
- Standard refrigerator - 60 cm.
- Washing - 80 cm. Little (60 cm) will not be so comfortable. "Corto" will take about 35-40 cm, and the remaining 20-25 cm remaining for the "wing" will be too small. Wing washing is used not only for warehousing unwitted dishes, but also for preliminary preparation of products. It is not necessary to have a washing close to the refrigerator, it is desirable to retreat at least 10 cm.
- The preparation zone (cutting) of products - from 90 cm.
- Standard Size - 60 cm.
As a result, we scored 300 cm. It almost complies with opportunities modern apartments Or "Brezhnev" increased comfort, if the furniture arrange g-figuratively. You can "sweat" by reducing the width of the cutting area, the distance from the plate to the refrigerator. You can do the 50-centimeter stove.
One of the possible options for distributing the elements of the working area of \u200b\u200bthe kitchen. Those who are preparing at home, we recommend making the product preparation zone much wider than in the scheme. It is better to abandon a separate zone for additional home appliances, putting a kettle and a coffee maker between the washing and stove. If necessary, the technique can be rearranged by freeing the place for the "big" cooking
The role of an additional or main place for cooking can play "Island", if, of course, there is a place for him. The island must have the same height as the main working area. With sufficient dimensions, it is extremely convenient for it, but when transferring products from the island to wasketi, the plate will surely fall or go to the floor.
The kitchen island can simultaneously serve as a working surface, a dining table and a bar counter. Height it should be the same as the table top
If there is not enough space
What to do the owners of small-sized apartments, where the places for full-fledged kitchen furniture and technology are not enough, and it does not work with improving redevelopment? We offer the following solutions:
- Place a fridge outside the kitchen: in the hallway or corridor. If there, of course, there is a place for him. This will allow you to install a full size plate and washing, there will be enough space to prepare-cutting and the kitchen table on two- three people. True, in a large family, the hostess actively engaged in cooking, with time it may regret the choice, making his way with the pots of narrow corridor Past husband, children and dogs to the refrigerator.
The placement of furniture in a tiny apartment is always searching for a compromise. In this case, when planning the kitchen "donated" the wardrobe in the hallway, placing a refrigerator there. This made it possible to significantly expand the working surface of the kitchen and put the dining table not for two, but for three people
- Use kitchen table For big cooking. The close range of 30-40 cm on the work front is enough for breakfast. If no one sits at this dinner table, it is a comfortable and large area of \u200b\u200bthe area for cutting and cutting products, kneading the test that performs the role of the kitchen "island". However, it should be noted that the height of the standard table for breakfasts and dinners is 70-72 cm and standing for it will be extremely uncomfortable. Prepare sitting not everyone, and for work standing is more comfortable when the height of the table is identical to the level kitchen table tops (90-95 cm). Standard height chairs for such a table are not suitable, models of medium height are needed.
The room is small, the space for a full dining table was not enough. Instead, installed a semi-fruit table, which is a continuation of the table top
For a table, which is height identical to the tabletop, neither ordinary low, nor too high bar chairs are suitable. It is necessary to choose the intermediate height chair - they are on sale, but in a smaller assortment. Bar chairs are suitable with adjustable height seat
- "Bacheutian kitchen" involves more free planning and distribution of elements of the working area. Usually in the room at the same time are one or two man in process Cooking around do not hide numerous households. In the "bachelor kitchen" you can generally sacrifice the standard dining table in favor of a stylish bar rack, which will serve as an additional work area. The table or table stand can be installed under the window, it releases the center of small-sized kitchen.
The windowsill table allows you to breakfast normally, but practically does not take place
- Get greater functionality on small Square Transformable furniture will help. In addition to sliding tables, there are retractable and folding.
On this small and very narrow kitchen Only the retractable dining table is placed, which after making food is completely hiding under the tabletop
Inside the table-transformer (length varies from 20 to 150 cm) is placed full set Folding chairs
The folding table in the folded state does not take place in the room at all.
Many manufacturers of kitchen furniture offer retractable cutting boards.
There is not enough space with a big cooking - increase the working surface of the kitchen, putting forward an additional cutting board
- In the base, you can also embed pulling boxes, folding there are infrequently used things.
Usually an unused reserve for storage of utensils - base, where you can also embed pull-out drawers. They must be bundled relative to the main kitchen facade by 6-10 cm
Which height should be a tabletop
Incorrect choice The heights of the countertops are fraught with overvoltage of the muscles of the back and, as a result, excessive fatigue and permanent lumbar pains. The height of the working surface of the kitchen should be determined individually, in accordance with the growth of the owners of the apartment or at home.
In accordance with the domestic standards, on which typical furniture is still produced, the height of the countertops in the kitchen should be 85 cm. But GOST was developed in the 60s of the last century, when the average growth of Soviet women was 157 cm. Today's ladies "grown" almost 10 cm, and the younger generation continues to stretch even higher. Nowadays, it is not for cooking and men, whose average growth is 175 cm. Low "Babushkina" kitchen is no longer suitable for most contemporaries.
In determining the convenient height of the working surface of the kitchen, it is necessary to take into account the differences in people's people
Fortunately, the architecture of modern kitchen modular furniture makes it possible to install the working surface of the kitchen on a convenient one for a particular family altitude. Most European manufacturers manufactures lower tier lockers with a 72 cm thick 2 cm. We get the minimum height of 85 and the maximum 96 cm with the ability to set any value within these parameters.
Standard Foots for Kitchen Furniture have a 2 cm adjustment range
How to choose the key to choose the height of the kitchen countertops for a particular person? We recommend to make a simple anthropometric measurement. Standing, bend the hand in the elbow at right angles. Shoulder vertically, forearm strictly horizontally. Palm to uncover and send down. Measure the distance from the floor to the palm. Take away from the resulting value of 10-15 cm. This will be the height range of the kitchen countertop, on which this person will be comfortable to cook.
The ergonomic height of the working surface is better to determine not so much by growth, as in the distance from the floor to the elbow. Optimum lies in the range of 10-15 cm below the elbow bend
Above the countertop - more space for utensils
Lacking space for warehousing kitchen utensils? With a high countertop, additional space can be found by making the lower lockers above standard magnitude. For example, with a working area height 94 cm and a tabletop 4 cm, low 10-centimeter legs can be installed. 80 cm remains that 8 cm is greater than the standard value. If the furniture is not typical, but is placed on order, make cabinets of increased height is easy and it will slightly affect their cost. The only limitation is not able to use typical filleled doors with non-closets. It should be remembered that the base must be placed relative to the front of about 8 cm in order not to rest on his legs.
Disclaimed working surface
When determining the height of the working surface, you can encounter two problems:
- Work surface whose height the best way Suitable for cutting and washing dishes, it will be uncomfortable for manipulations with a frying pan on the built-in plate. Especially if the cooking surface is gas. Taking into account the height of the frying pan and grille over the burner (in the amount of 6-10 cm), the home chef will have to locate too high to stir and turn the contents. If you prepare thus often, pain in your hand and spine can occur. The output is to lower at about 8 cm. The level of the tabletop in the area of \u200b\u200baccommodation of the hob. Or install a standing plate at an appropriate altitude. Unfortunately, such a solution is possible only if there is enough spacious kitchen.
From the point of view of ergonomics correctly, when the site of the table top with the built-in hobs Located below the main working area. This solution can be realized only in a large kitchen with an extended front.
- It will not be possible to pick up the perfectly convenient height of the table top, suitable for all family members who are fond of cooking if they are noticeably different. There will have to make a compromise, with the result that low people will be high, and high - low. The installation of this problem kitchen lockers On transformable (adjustable with electromotors or pneumatic mechanisms) supports. I pressed the button - and the table top, and with it the car wash and the stove sank or rose to the level convenient for the "duty officer" level. It is fantastically convenient, but so far very weekly. However, "advanced" technologies are cheaper. Transformer's office tables have already moved from the discharge of exclusive exotic in the standard equipment of the modern workplace. We hope, a few years before an acceptable level, prices will decrease and on automatically adjustable kitchen height.
It is difficult (possible, but, again, expensive) to make hermetically adjusted at the height of the table top to the wall, so Kitchen "Islands" are more often installed on supports with lifting mechanisms. For embedded gas stoves and miles produce special flexible connections.
Height-adjustable working surface with servo drives - no longer wonder, such mechanisms are sold in Russia
The height-transformed tabletop is good and the fact that it is equally convenient to study baking recipes (you need to raise the table higher), mix the dough (install in the middle position) and roll it with a rolling pin (omit below)
Ergonomics of lower cabinets
- For storage of relatively small things, it is more convenient to use the shelves, but the drawers do not have to descend on the punctures to remove things from distant corners. On the shelves, it makes sense to store large kitchen appliances, like Aerium, and perhaps heavy stacks of plates. The more often items are used, the higher them should be placed.
Storing small things more convenient in drawers. Bulk products placed in transparent containers will take less space and will be easily accessible.
Spring pots are also practical to place in drawers
- Bottles and similar to dimensions of things are the most convenient to store in a narrow retractable basket closer to the stove.
In a narrow retractable basket of bottles and high jars always at hand
- It is desirable that the door width swing Cabinet, especially located under the sink, was at least 40 cm. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to get anything, the more difficult it is difficult to serve the drain sink. The width of the cabinet (and the door) under the sink with the filter located below it should be less than 60 cm.
The wider door in the closet under the sink, the easier it is to maintain the equipment installed in it
- Ahead of the fashionable minimalistic furniture handles look spectacularly, but on the lower lockers they are not very comfortable, especially in the cutting zone and washing. An adult during cooking will be resting by the hips in their edges, and a ridiculous child can get a bump on his forehead.
Rule knobs are extremely beautiful, but they will rest on the owner in the stomach and hips during the washing of dishes. The shifted child can knock on his head about the edge of such a handle
Hidden Kitchen Handles, which are horizontal slots in doors, trauma-safe
Modern solutions for upper cabinets
The standard distance on which the upper cabinets used to be recommended above the table top, - 50 cm. However, today many semi-meter lumen seems insufficient and the cabinets are hanging above, in 60-65 cm from the working surface. Undoubtedly, it is more convenient, especially when the worktop is a technique: an electric kettle, food processor etc. However, it should be borne in mind that due to the too high hitch of lockers, the access zone in them without a stepladder decreases.
Swinging doors of the upper cabinets with standard loops opening at an angle of 90º or a little more, potentially injury is dangerous. Fascinating the cooking process, it is easy to not notice the open door and knock on her angle, having received a bump or, even worse, a fingal under the eye. Secure, if they are correctly used, swinging doors, equipped with a full opening loop, allow you to open the door to an angle to 180º. The open door is not sticking forward, it is parallel to the front. True, it overlaps the neighboring cabinets, so it is impossible to open next door. However, the need for this occurs infrequently. Our advice: If there is an opening of the door in the upper cabinets as a minimum, it is worth equipping with special loops drying - she is most often used.
The special loop allows you to open the door at an angle of 180º, so that it is located parallel to the cabinets, and not sticking out perpendicular to the furniture front
Another trauma-safe way to open the door - up. They can swing or move. The sliding almost does not protrude relative to the plane of the facades, it is impossible to knock on them. Swing should be placed so that they are above the head of the home chef.
Top cabinets, equipped with hinged doors (1) potentially injury dangerous. You can fill the bump and the opening door opens up (2), if it is below the top of the top. Safety sliding (3), folding (4) and foldable (5) opening up doors
If the height of the upper cabinets exceeds 60 cm, opening up the door is better to make folding. Lack of opening up the door: To close it, you have to highly reach the handle that is inconvenient for a low person.
Folding up the top of the top cabinets is the most practical and safe type of opening. If you do not regret money and order a mechanism with an electric drive, a wardrobe can be made arbitrarily high, because we close-open it, simply by clicking on the button
Height of the upper cabinets
Top cabinets of three sizes are distributed:
- Low cabinet - 60 cm.
- Standard - 72 cm, which is equal to the height of the lower cabinets.
- High - 92 cm.
Many manufacturers offer cabinets and other dimensions. In the manufacture of furniture according to the individual ordering the house with high ceilings, you can make the top cabinets even higher. However, if heavy utensils will be kept in them, rationally hang two rows of lockers. So reliable. The lower row of cabinets with opening up doors must have such a height so that a person can reach the knob without any problems.
Nomenclature of common standard doors to the cabinets. If there is a place, it makes sense to use the upper lockers with a height of 92 cm
Happy apartment owners of high ceilings can hang up the top lockers in two rows
Open shelves against cabinets
From the point of view of ergonomics, the cook during cooking everything needs should be at hand. List required tools, dishes and ingredients for cooking can be great. Some spices, packaged in small jars, can get tenth. Salt, pepper, cutting board, all sorts of scraps scrapers, tea and coffee are needed by almost every preparation and reception of food, if the owners do not eat frozen fast food heated in the microwave. Several times a day to get it all from closed cabinet And to hide back - dubious pleasure. In our opinion, it is much more convenient to keep the frequently used utensils on the open shelves. Everything in front of the eyes, and even if the thing is not delivered to his place, it is easy to find it.
Open shelves, rails and hooks provide fast and easy access to frequently used subjects.
Refined minimalist style adepts in the interior will prefer after each washing dishes wipe dry sink and hide in a closet detergent, sponge and napkins, not to mention other things. But for most people, it will be comfortable to use open shelves and racks for small items. Two reasons interfere with the widespread "open top". First: the contents of the shelves will have to keep in order and periodically wipe. However, it is infrequent, provided that a good extract is installed in the room. The second reason: the lack of traditions, the "Soviet" kitchens were equipped with deaf cabinets.
In the kitchen of the famous designer Artemia Lebedev on top there are no closed lockers, only open shelves
Washing and trash can: Practical upgrade
The sizes of the sinking bowl should allow you to wash the largest dishes existing in your home
Very comfortable side "wing" and the second, small, bowl. If there is enough space for them.
The side wing will serve as an additional cutting surface. Additional bowl - optional, but comfortable equipment
In the presence of a water filtration system, make sure that the washing allows you to install a second crane for purified water, if you do not want to purchase an estimated mixer with a switch. Under the crane with a low-ranned expulsion, disadvantaged dishes big sizeAnd from a high mixer when washing small dishes spilled splashes. Optimal, but the scene - mixer with retractable expulsion.
Retractable spinning on the kitchen mixer will not only make washing the dishes more comfortable, but will reduce water consumption
We recommend purchasing a washing with a bottom valve that allows you to block the drain with a turn of the handle. The valve is more convenient forces, and in connection with the rise in price of utility services, the utensils are more economical to wash, pre-soaking. And faster.
The garbage can be kept from us under the sink. Opened the door of the bottom cabinet, got a bucket, drove garbage, closed. It will be easier if the bucket hang on the door is less movements.
Inexpensive, but convenient trash can mounted on the cabinet door. Open the door - the lid of the bucket rises, close - goes down. No smell
Optimal option Placement of "trash" - built-in, under the working surface. In the tabletop make a hole, under it placed the container for garbage. The hole and capacitance are closed with a flat lid. You can buy a sink with an integrated garbage bucket, it is even more convenient. The presence of a chopper on sewer plum will significantly reduce the amount of waste and almost eliminated the "aroma" of waste. Alas, advanced systems for collecting and removing garbage are notice.
The most comfortable "trash" is built into the worktop. Remove easily - up.
Convenient and safe placement of equipment
We told about the alignment of the main elements of the equipment on the plan of the room. Several tips on the choice and placement of kitchen appliances:
- If the kitchen front has a M-shaped configuration, household appliances located on the table top (microwave, electric kettle, coffee maker), more rational to put in the inner angle, which is problematic for cooking.
- Quite convenient solution - accommodation oven In high closet column at a height of 65-80 cm from the floor. Watch the cooking process, upload and unload the babes, without being flexing, much more convenient. Unfortunately, in a small room it is difficult to find a place for the "column".
Use the oven installed in a high closet at an altitude of 65-80 cm, much more convenient than under the table top in standard variant
- The traditional design of the fireplace type is well coped with the removal of kitchen chad, but it is dangerous forward. You can burst the bump, trying to look into the saucepan. The same disadvantage suffer from exhaust devices built into furniture. But the inclined extract is absolutely safe, it does not stick over the slab at the head level. By the way, the minimum height of the hood suspension over the electric stove is 65 cm, over the gas - 75 cm.
Ergonomic inclined hood removes kitchen chud no worse than traditional "caps", but almost does not protrud
- The process of cooking or warming up the microwave ovens is easier to control when its transparent door is installed slightly (about 20 cm) below the eye level. Optimal places for microwave - in the "column" above the oven or on the bottom shelf top cabinet. And the owners of close crushes can find a place to stove on the windowsill.
Microwave is desirable to place so that, standing, to see through a glass window cooking process
Right tables and chairs for the dining area
IN soviet times The dining table was supposed to have a height of 70 cm, this corresponded to the physical characteristics of the person of the 60s. And today, many enterprises make furniture on these standards. But people tall above 160 cm such a height is already not enough. To date, the dining tables in the EU countries mainly have a height of 72-76 cm, and in the US already 74-78 cm. On the domestic market you can find furniture of various parameters. Do not have a rarity - tables on regulated by several centimeters of supports.
In a particular kitchen, you can meet two more types of tables: the floor is bar and bar. We have already mentioned about the first of the first, it is done in the countertop level (85-95 cm) and are used both for feeding and as an additional working area. A high bar counter (as in public bars) has a height of 120-125 cm, but at home she can be slightly lowering.
In the width of one person sitting at the table, it is recommended to take the space of 60 cm. Accordingly, for two - 120 cm. Less than 50 cm per person does not make sense, too closely. The recommended minimum depth of the table, on both sides of which people sit - 80 cm.
Chairs must choose a table accordingly. Provided that the thickness of the table top together with the rigid rib does not exceed 10 cm, the chair's seat should be lower than the top of the table for about 30-35 cm for a standard dining table, 28-33 cm for a semi-minister and 23-27 cm for a bar. A chair for a high bar counter must necessarily have a support crossbar for the legs.
Dining and bar chairs with adjustable height easily set to a position convenient for a particular person and table type
View into a bright future: lighting and sockets
Light does not happen much. In addition to the overall lighting of the kitchen, bright illumination of the working area and good lighting over the dining table are required.
Moderate overall light and bright lighting of the working area - a pledge of a comfortable work and the safety of your home chef
Sockets: how much do they do, it's still not enough. We recommend to calculate the number of electrical appliances that are planned to be installed in the kitchen and make a couple of sockets more. You should also not forget about the TV and the phone system tube, if soak on the kitchen. To put the TV to the fridge, as is often done, it is not worth: you can turn the neck, looking at it from the chair. TVs are now flat, it will be better hanging on the wall or place on the table.
Recommended scheme for placing outlets in the kitchen. Sockets of equipment located on the table top - over the zones for cooking and cutting. Outlets for built-in technology are better to do in a wedge closet or in the basement, so access will be provided.
Once again about security: how to protect the injuries of children
We have already mentioned the safety, part of ergonomics. If there are small children in the house, you should take care so that the kids do not receive injuries. If possible, sharp angles should be avoided when designing or choosing furniture. You can use special devicesprotecting the child from hitting sharp objects.
Soft pad at the corner of the table will save the rigging child from injury
We should not forget that children are curious and be climbed where they are not allowed to:
"Children's" pad on the doors (left) will not allow the child to penetrate the "secret" locker, and the stopper brake (right) will not give to pinch the door
You can not leave the electrical pipes available, in the low sockets you should insert blocking plugs.
Special protective screens on kitchen plateswho prevent the child to get to the hot pot, not sell in any store, but parents should look for this useful thing. Magnetic constipation for the refrigerator (right) is also useful
Many models of modern household appliances are equipped with an inclusion blocking function, in which children can press the buttons and turn the handles - nothing will happen.
We hope our recommendations will be useful to you. As part of the article, many issues on ergonomics and kitchen organizations remained unaffected. We recommend at the design stage of furniture to seek advice to specialists. Experienced designer Furniture or interior will be able to prompt a lot of useful and save from errors. Good luck.
Workplace operator. What should be the desktop Will you try?
(Windows / Desktop)
The fact that the furniture is solely the subject created by the person, will not even become the most unfinished idealist. In the Gardens of Eden, only a well-known tree of knowledge could serve as a subject, to know the furniture properties of which Adam and Eve prevented well-known circumstances.
When placing a PC as a desktop, a common writing desk is often used (it seems to be it as it is called that the PC is worth it). The modern table is obliged to the style that appeared at the beginning of the XX century. The basis of this new movement in the European architecture and furniture industry was aesthetics of expediency, which was assumed rational, strictly utilitarian forms. In accordance with such a pragmatic installation, the table design should ensure optimal accommodation on the working surface of the equipment used, taking into account its number and design features (PC size, keyboard, web, etc.), the nature of the work performed.
In the workplace, in addition to the monitor and control bodies, the placement of which was previously described in detail earlier, documentation should be placed, there may be recorded, other technical means can be used, so in order not to cause frequent reactering of the eyes, constant use objects at the workplace of the PC operator And the visual elements of the information model should be approximately at the same distance from the eyes. Working surfaces must have the following minimum dimensions:
- the minimum width of the table top - 500 mm;
- a free place for notes - 100x200 mm, and for more detailed entries - 300x400 mm;
- Plane to ensure the execution of drawing and graphic works - 450x650 mm.
The form of the working surface should be installed, taking into account the nature of the work performed. It can be rectangular, have a cutout for a body of a working, deepening or other surfaces for instruments of office equipment, etc. (Less dogmatism!). If necessary, you can even install armrests (or head restraint, if you want to sleep - the joke!). If the increased accuracy is required during operation and, accordingly, it is necessary to fix the position of the housing and hands, as an additional measure can be used soft upholstery on the front edge of the table.
The height of the working surface of the table for adult users engaged in the main set of information should be adjusted within 680-800 mm; In the absence of such a possibility, the height of the working surface of the table in accordance with the anthropometric characteristics of the domestic user should be 725 mm. At the same time, as accurately calculated Europe's European ergonomists, the monitor screen should be below the level of the eye 28 cm. In addition, if you want to form a workplace solely for yourself and, accordingly, taking into account a kind of activity, you should have The form that, in principle, the height of the working surface should vary depending on the types of work performed (see Fig. 1).
Fig. one. The nomogram of the height of the working surface for different types of work performed in the sitting position, from human growth: type 1 - very accurate works (the use of positioning devices with accuracy on the verge of human visual apparatus, such as optical instrument management); Type 2 - accurate works (use of positioning devices with high accuracy, for example, for graphic works); Type 3 - Light Works that do not require high accuracy, but requiring the use of positioning devices, for example, to select information; Type 4 - Works on the set of textual information.
The modular sizes of the working surface of the table for PC, on the basis of which the design dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 mm; The depth is 800 and 1000 mm with an irregular height of 725 mm.
The desktop should have a floor space with a height of at least 600 mm, a width of at least 500 mm, at the level of the knees - at least 450 mm and at the level of the elongated legs - at least 650 mm.
When working with text documents, the workplace must be equipped with an easy-to-move web for them.
When organizing jobs for working in position, for example, on technological equipmentwhich includes PCs (software control machines, robotic and technological complexes, flexible automated production, dispatch control panels, etc.) should be provided:
- space in a depth of at least 850 mm, taking into account the protruding parts of the equipment for finding a person-operator;
- space for stop depth and height of at least 150 mm and a width of at least 530 mm;
- the location of I / O devices for information that ensures optimal visibility of the screen;
- easy reach of manual control organs in the zone of the motor field: in height - 900-1300 mm, in depth - 400-500 mm;
- Location of the PC screen at the site of the working area, ensuring the convenience of visual observation in the vertical plane at an angle of ± 30 ° from the normal line of the operator's outline, as well as the convenience of using the PC (input-output of information when adjusting the main parameters of the technological process, debugging programs, etc.) Simultaneously with the implementation of basic production operations (monitoring the processing area on a software control machine, when servicing a robotic technological complex, etc.). Here, as well as in the case of a workplace for the sitting position, the height of the working surface should vary depending on the types of work performed (see Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. The nomogram of the dependence of the height of the working surface for different types of work performed in the standing position, from human growth: type 1 - constant work with a PC with visual control of other technical means; Type 2 - preferred work with PC while maintaining other electronic devices; Type 3 - Episodic work with a PC with a constant work with the use of physical effort.
Do not clutter your workplace. In IBM, for example, it is customary to free the tables from the papers every night before caring from work. Sanctions apply to violators.
Jobs for students of secondary and higher educational institutions have their own specifics. Premises for classes using PCs must be equipped with single tables designed to work on the PC.
The design of the single table to work with the PC should provide:
- Two separate surfaces: one - horizontal to place a PC with a smooth adjustment in height in the range of 520-760 mm and the second - for a keyboard with a smooth adjustment in height and angle of inclination from 0 ° to 15 ° with reliable fixation in the optimal operating position (12 ° -15 °), which contributes to the maintenance of proper working posture of students and students, without a sharp head tilt forward;
- the width of the surfaces for the PC and the keyboard is at least 750 mm (the width of both surfaces should be the same) and the depth of at least 550 mm;
- PC surface support and keyboard on a riser, in which the power supply wires and a local network cable must be. The base of the riser should be combined with footrest;
- lack of boxes;
- Increase the width of surfaces up to 1200 mm when equipping the workplace by the printer.
The height of the edge of the table facing a PC, and the height of the foot space should correspond to the growth of students or students in shoes (Table 1).
Table 1. Single table height for PC classes |
||
Growth of students or students in shoes, see | Height above the floor, mm |
|
Table surface | Foot space, not less |
|
116-130 | 520 | 400 |
131-145 | 580 | 520 |
146-160 | 640 | 580 |
161-175 | 700 | 640 |
Above 175. | 760 | 700 |
Note. The width and depth of the foot space should be the same as in an adult user. |
||
The rooms where the game complexes are installed on the basis of a PC for preschool children should be equipped with single tables.
The design of a single table with gaming complexes should consist of two parts or tables connected together: on one table of the table there is a video monitor, to another - keyboard. In addition, the design of the table for the PC should provide:
- smooth and easy adjustment in height with reliable fixation of the horizontal surface for a video monitor in the range of 460-520 mm with a depth of at least 550 mm and the width - at least 600 mm;
- the possibility of smooth and easy to change the angle of tilt surface for the keyboard from 0 ° to 10 ° with reliable fixation;
- the width and depth of the surface under the keyboard should be at least 600 mm;
- smooth, no rewards surface table for keyboard;
- lack of boxes;
- foot space under the table above the floor at least 400 mm in height;
- The width of the foot space is determined by the table design.
On what to sit
Sit you do not reset ... me!
(Ilya Muromets)
The working chairs (chair) of the PC operator should include the following main elements: seat, back and armrests. As additional elements There may be a headrest and footrest. The mobility of the chair relative to the floor or other surface on which it is established (podium, for example), is advisable not to limit.
The design of the chair should ensure the maintenance of physiologically rational working postures when working on a PC, allow you to change the posture in order to reduce the static stress of the cervical muscles and the back to prevent the development of fatigue.
As a result of incorrect working postures, both professional diseases of the musculoskeletal system may develop, this:
- osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine (stiffness and pain in the back and lower back) - as a result of static uncomfortable postures;
- osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic spine (tension and pain in the neck, back) - arises as a result of working with incorrect posture if you constantly slouch, hurt or, on the contrary, pull the neck;
- the top aperture syndrome of the chest (Acroparesthesia - the feeling of tingling and numbness of the hands) is the overvoltage of the muscles of the neck, shoulder and chest, leading to a deterioration in the blood supply and carrying nerve impulses;
- the impassion of the shoulder (sharp pain in the shoulder joint) - tendons or bindings of the shoulder joint are compressed or pinch between the head of the shoulder bone and the blade process;
- scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine) - too solid or stuffed soft seat, inconsistency of the height of the chair with the anthropometric parameters of the user;
- Hemorrhoids (an increase in the cavernous speaker of the rectum, complicated by bleeding) - arises as a result of a sedentary lifestyle, improper landing, seat design.
The chair should be lifting-swivel and adjustable in height and corners of the tilt of the seat and backs, as well as the back of the back from the front edge of the seat, and the adjustment of each parameter must be independent, easily implemented and have reliable fixation.
The design should provide:
- adjustment of the height of the seat surface in the range of 400-550 mm (from 5 to 95 percentile) and tilt angles to 15 ° and back to 5 °;
- the possibility of rotation 180 ° - 360 ° (around the vertical axis of the scene of the chair with fixation in the desired position);
- the width and depth of the seat surface at least 400 mm (calculated for 95 percentile), it is better to sew, since not too limited the width of the seat allows you to periodically change the posture;
- the surface of the seat with a rounded front edge6, a radius of a rounding of at least 10 mm;
- the height of the support surface of the back 300 ± 20 mm, the width is at least 380 mm and the radius of curvature horizontal plane - 400 mm (the backrest elevation parameters are given for the most common "household" type, but there are still low - lumbar and high backs);
- the angle of inclination of the back in the vertical plane at the adjustable limits of 95 ° -110 °;
- adjustment of the back distance from the front edge of the seat in the range of 260-400 mm (the minimum size is determined at the rate of 2/3 of the anthropometric sign "The back of the seeding angle" for 95 percentile);
- stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50-70 mm;
- adjustable angle of inclination of armrests 0 ° -20 (unregulated - 0 ° -5 °);
- adjustment of armrests in height over the seat in the range of 230 ± 30 mm and the internal distance between the armrests within 350-500 mm (from 50 to 95 percentile).
Note. The percenal calculation of the parameters of the chair is used in the event of an armchair constructing for a specific group of users, for example, if your company's management seriously occurred to the health of their employees. Currently, the exclusive design of the chairs for the anthropometric parameters of an individual user is practiced - if the management of your company is seriously concerned about its own health.
The surface of the seat, the backs and other elements of the chair (armchairs) should be semi-like, with a non-slip, non-electrose, moisture-repellent and air-permeable coating that provides easy cleaning against contamination. The seeding of the seat of the working chairs should be in the range of 25-30 mm. Armchairs, intended for a long rest, can have a somewhat loose sediment - 30-40 mm. The surface of the seat can be flat having a tilt 0 ° -5 °, or profiled. Profiling is created by two angles of tilt surface of the seat - front A, equal to 4 ° -5 °, and rear B equal to 10 ° -15 °. The peaks of the corners are located on a line removed from the rear edge of the seat surface on 1/3 of its depth, if its value does not exceed 450 mm and 150 mm in other cases. More precisely, the profiling of the seat should not be. Thus, in 1927, the more famous, however, in other opportunities, the architect Le Corbusier was somewhat embarrassed by constructing the original shape of furniture for sitting-lying. In the bending of the surface, stretched on the metal frame, were carefully taken into account the parameters of the semi-sucking human figure. However, from ergonomics it is known that finding elements of the body even in a convenient, but static pose leads to fatigue. Therefore, to sit on this similarity of a chaise lounge, not contributing to the change of poses, it was extremely uncomfortable.
There are objective techniques for determining the degree of convenience of the seat, in particular, the removal of actograms - register involuntary movements or changes in the operator's body position relative to the chair. The operator must be at rest (signal standby mode). Information on the state of the operator is removed from the strain gauges fixed on the metal plate under the seat seat. In general, the actogram has low-amplitude, medium amplitude and high-amplitudinal (body turns, the change of position) of oscillations. For medium amplitude oscillations, the dependence of their frequency on the state of the human operator is established. In the normal state, this frequency is within 5-12 oscillations per minute, which characterizes the most efficient mode of operation. With a decrease in the level of wakefulness (falling asleep), which characterizes a too comfortable level leading to loss of performance, the frequency decreases to 0-5 oscillations per minute. But in a state of inconvenience, fatigue, the frequency becomes more than 12 oscillations per minute.
By the way, instead of achieving comfort, sometimes completely opposite tasks may occur. For example, it was necessary to create an ergonomic cabin for long-distance negotiations. It would seem that everything is clear - do a comfortable workplace and consider the task made. But the analysis of the tree of the targets showed that for such a phone booth, it is more important not to attract clients with comfort (when they do not want to leave it), but on the contrary - their more frequent changeability. And they were offered chairs with a smooth surface, slightly tilted forward. A man on such a seat feels quite comfortable for talking about talking, but for a long time to talk to him does not give constant slipping from the chair.
Another example. The use of highly comfortable chairs does not necessarily lead to positive results. It is known that such a danger as a falling asleep during a long trip in the car appeared relatively recently and was completely unknown by the drivers of half-one.
The workplace must be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, adjusting the height in the range up to 150 mm and on the angle of inclination of the support surface of the stand up to 20 °. The surface of the stand must be corrugated and have an airborne height of 10 mm by the front edge.
In the design of the chair, parameters such as the height of the seat surface, the angle of the backrest, the height of the back, the height of the armrests, the angle of the armrests, the height of the foot stand, the angle of inclination of the legs must be adjusted without applying additional tool. A person notices the change in the height of the seat for 8-10 mm or the tilt of the back is 1-2 °, respectively, in such limits there should be a step of changing these parameters of the chair.
Working chairs (armchairs) for students of secondary and higher educational institutions should correspond to the growth of students or students in shoes (Table 2).
Table 2. Main sizes Chair for students and students |
|||||
Growth of students and students in shoes, see |
|||||
Parameters stool | 116-130 | 131-145 | 146-160 | 161-175 | Above 175. |
Seat height over the floor, mm | 300 | 340 | 380 | 420 | 460 |
Seat width, not less, mm | 270 | 290 | 320 | 340 | 360 |
Seat depth, mm | 290 | 330 | 360 | 380 | 400 |
Height of the lower edge of the back over the seat, mm | 130 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 190 |
Height of the upper edge of the back over the seat, mm | 280 | 310 | 330 | 360 | 400 |
Height of the deflection line of the back, not less, mm | 170 | 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 |
The bending radius of the front edge of the seat, mm | 20-50 | ||||
Seat slope angle, hail. | 0-4 | ||||
The angle of inclination of the back, hail. | 95-108 | ||||
Radius backrest in terms of not less, mm | 300 | ||||
Each table with a PC for preschool children is equipped with a chair, the dimensions of which are shown in Table. 3.
The surface of the seat of the chair should be easily disabered by disinfection.
It is not allowed instead of chairs using cubes, stools, benches without support for the back.
Table 3. Chair sizes for preschool children for classes with PC |
|
Parameters stool | Dimensions, not less, mm |
Seat height over floor | 260 |
Seat width | 250 |
Seat depth | 260 |
Height of the lower edge of the back over the seat | 120 |
Height of the upper edge of the back over the seat | 250 |
The height of the deflection of the back | 160 |
Front Seat Front Edge Radio | 20-50 |
2 Height Working Surface - The distance vertically from the floor to the horizontal plane (actually existing or imaginary), in which the main working movements are performed.
3 Normal Line Located at an angle of 15 ° down from the horizontal line of the gaze.
4 Physiologically rational working posture - This is a working pose corresponding to the criteria for functional comfort, namely:
- characterized by the straightened position of the spinal column while maintaining its natural bends;
- minimum load on the muscular human body system associated with maintaining working poses;
- the lack of painful sensations as a result of the impact of the elements of the chair on the body of a sitting person;
- subjectively evaluated as convenient;
- angular bending of hands in the elbow joints 70 °-90 °;
- An angle of bending legs in the knee and ankle joints 95 ° -135 °.
5 Minimum seat surface height It is determined by the height of the popliteate hole above the floor, measured in position sitting at the angles of bending in the knee and ankle joints 90 °, taking into account the height height - all for 5 percentile.
Venedict Klauzze
The computer table appeared only a little later than PC. It very quickly turned out that the work on the keyboard is not equal to work on a written typewriter and requires a completely different position of the hands. And then the computer appeared a variety of peripherals, and it was impossible to place it on the usual table.
The computer table is calculated based on the features of the management of the technique and its characteristics.
What is better: writing or computer desk?
The principal device of the written and computer table is the same - horizontal surface and support in the form of legs or sidewalls. But the ways of organizing this space and filling items are different.
- When working with documents or books, the latter are placed on the tabletop. A man reading a book at the table lowers a look at 45-50 degrees, and, it means, sitting with a tilted head and even a body to reduce the load on the neck.
- When working with a computer, his straight look should be restarted into the top edge of the monitor, and the view directed to the center of the screen, deviate from the straight line to 0-20 degrees. At the same time, the distance to the monitor should be within 50-75 cm. This condition requires more, but at the same time, a higher position of the monitor, if its size is small. From here on products there is often a stand under the display. The presence of this device and its height depend on the size of the screen and the depth of the table top. This value in computer tables varies in broader limits and may be much less than that of a convenient written.
- When working S. paper documents The cordbox elbows are on the table surface. Therefore, the countertop should have enough and depth, and width. It is very different about the keyboard work. If you set it on the surface of the usual height - 75-78 cm, then the elbows will be on the weight, and the wrists are raised. This leads to a violation of blood circulation, load on joints and quick fatigue.
- The keyboard at the computer table is located on a special shelf much lower - at a distance of 50-70 cm from a direct look, that is, in the abdomen area. In this case, the elbows also remain on weight, but the wrists turn out to be on a straight line from the joints, which removes the load. There is no need for a shelf only when the main work is not conducted with the text, but with graphics, for example, that is, it involves manipulating the mouse.
- The mouse is also desirable to accommodate on the retractable shelf next to the keyboard. If it is impossible, then in thoughtful modifications for it, a special platform is formed.
- Middle and includes compartment for the system operator, open on both sides. It is located near one of the sidewalls, and in no case is not centered under the legs of the operator. In compact models, they often do without it, which is not a dignity: the systemist on the floor collects dust and is rapidly contaminated.
- Usually even includes or side shelves At the bottom for the placement of the periphery - router, printer, columns and other things. If we are talking about a domestic workplace, the amount increases significantly. The sizes of them and layout depend on the nature of professional activities.
- The computer table necessarily contains holes for cables, and often special fixators that allow collecting wires into more comfortable beams and consolidate them on furniture.
Materials manufacturing in both categories of furniture are the same. Most often it is a chipboard and MDF, in models of modern can be used and. A tree for computer tables are extremely rare - unprofitable, and glass, despite extreme decorativeness, is suitable only for compact models. Ensure the large table with complex superstructures under all types of glass technique is irrational.
Computer table in a secluded corner of the house
Furniture dimensions
Like any other furniture there are optimal, maximum and minimum permissible dimensions. But another difference of the computer table from a written is the dependence of the parameters not only on the position of the operator, but also on the size of the technique used. And they can change significantly depending on the model.
The following video will tell about how to choose a computer desk home:
Depth
- Maximum is limited to common sense. Even if you place a screen at a distance of 70 cm from the operator, for a modern flat model, more than 60 cm can not be needed in depth. 70 cm is the value already with a margin, there is no particular need for it. Behind the screen will not pay anything - the cables will not allow, and the monitor heats up during operation. A wider tabletop simply will not be used, since all equipment that needs to be managed must be at a distance of an elongated hand - 60 cm.
- The minimum is due to the structure. The countertop can be reduced to 50 cm, and even up to 40 cm, but in this case the monitor will have to arrange to the stand, otherwise it will be too low from the view line, and the operator - move along with the keyboard as far as possible to achieve the required distance between the eyes and screen.
Display displacement away from the center is unacceptable. For an operator of any age, the need to rotate to the screen ends by curvature of the spine.
- Optimum protrudes the value of 60 cm, allowing to move the monitor to any convenient position.
Length
- Maximum is not limited to at all. If the computer table also stands in writing, then it can reach it and 2 m, because the equipment and written accessories need to be kept in order. In addition, for a letter of space on the countertop you need more. There are double and even triple models - the latter, of course, are designed for the office where two or three jobs are arranged.
- The minimum length of the stationary model is determined by the workplace area - this is 60 cm. Mobile and folding models can have a smaller - 50 cm. The keyboard is located on the retractable shelf, and the mouse has to be left on the table that it is not entirely convenient. There is no compartment for the systemist with a rare exception, and for other equipment or locations it is impossible to find. Such a product is suitable for those cases when the computer is used mainly for games.
- The optimal width is calculated as follows: the operator's workplace is at least 60 cm, and better 80 cm, the width of the compartment under the system unit is 20-25 cm, the width of the cabinet is at least 40 cm, otherwise it is useless. As a result, 120-145 cm are obtained. It is desirable that open niches are open over the compartment and the table - for the scanner and router, for example. The printer can be installed on the superstructure shelf, like columns.
The following video will tell you about 55 of the most interesting models of computer tables for the home:
Height
- The table top is basic, if it is, has a standard height for a letter - 75-78 cm. The shelf under the keyboard, which is more important for working on a PC, placed at a distance of 50-75 cm from the line of direct view. And the one, and the other value depends on the growth of the user and needs correction. The minimum and the maximum in this case does not happen.
- The height of the supplements is not fundamentally limited. If the table is combined with a wardrobe or rack, the latter can reach a height of 210 cm and include not only the shelves, but also deaf compartments and even wrapped. For a working on PC, the most important zone is working - at a distance of an elongated hand, which give a height of 130-140 cm. The remaining shelves will in any case will occupy the materials and items unused constantly.
The dimensions of the boxes and shelves are selected for the size of the technique used and the features of working with it.
- For scanner is desirable retractable ShelfSo that you can freely raise the device cover.
- For the printer, a wide, but not too high shelf.
- MFP will require a spacious cell open on both sides, the router will spread freely in a niche above the Tumba and so on.
Photo of a computer table with dimensions of 2000 x 1500 x 750 mm
Types of home products
A fundamental question when choosing a computer table in a dwelling is its purpose.
- PC for games - if the machine is used only or mainly in the quality of the table size for it can be minimal. Of additional equipment You only need speakers and modem here, and these devices have small sizes. So a compact small table is a straight line, with a stand for a monitor and for columns, is a completely acceptable choice. An important feature of a good model of this kind is the mouse platform. If with the right or left side - for right-handed or left-handed, there is enough space on the table top to rely on the elbow, the table can be considered successful. If not, then for the mouse there should be a place on the retractable shelf under the keyboard, otherwise the long-lasting game will be wrapped with the syndrome of the leaky joint. If this condition is not performed, the model is unsuccessful.
- The table that combines the features of the written and computer - compact does not happen. Convenient and correct position when writing requires a large area of \u200b\u200bthe table top, for what you need to remove the monitor and the mouse is unknown where. If you neglect the rules and try to place all the accessories on a width of 50 cm, the wiring of the posture and the joints on the joints are provided. Such a model includes two jobs - for PCs and for writing, so its minimum length will be 160 cm, and the width is 70-80 cm. It is especially important to comply with these requirements if the table is intended for a schoolboy.
- Workplace - takes into account not only the convenience of the operator, but also light, free access To the periphery. What she is more, the greater and more complicated its design. Save on the square here it turns out only due to a complex high superstructure, so such a furniture should be selected, given the interior features.
By design, computer tables for home can be divided into several groups.
- Straight - are placed along the wall or perpendicular to it, forming a working corner. Most often have inherited from written geometric formsHowever, modern versions increasingly include curvilinear countertops: in front of the operator width less, since it is only determined by the distance of the monitor, and closer to the edges increase, which allows you to place a bulk periphery.
- - Triangular or M-shaped, are intended for installation in the angle and more economically use space. This form is especially convenient for a combined computer desk. In this case, one side of the M-shaped design is done longer, and it serves for writing and reading, and the monitor is accurately diagonally.
The angle forms a psychologically closed space. In an adult, it causes overwork, adolescents and young men provoke the formation of virtual addiction. To reduce the effect of closets, such a model should be sampled directly near the window.
- Transformers are designed for those cases when a computer desk wants to hide or combine with other furniture objects. So, in the first case, the deaf cabinet helps to hide PC. The monitor is placed on the shelf as on the stand, and the tabletop serves as a folding cover and sash of the lower compartment of the cabinet. In the second - the wardrobe with open and deaf sections is part of the computer table.
- There are more original devices. For example, a dresser table, where the monitor and shelf with the keyboard are fixed in the top box.
- Models for laptops are stationary and folding tables of minimal sizes, their features are the height-adjustable legs and the ability to change the tilt of the table top. This model is designed to work, sitting in a chair, on a chair or even standing.
In addition, such furniture can be performed in. Special popularity is also used.
Photo of types of computer tables for home
Crown CMT-502 (PC for games)
For laptops (SU-2) unifying functions (Hermes)
Workplace (SC-1)
Transformer (Licacy)
Straight (C511)
Corner (SK-205)
How to buy cheap?
Selecting a computer table - the task is not simple. The point is not in the cost of the product, but in other factors, much more important. The model should ensure the implementation of sanitary standards, to have a convenient layout for each kind of activity, and only then correspond to the interior.
Computer table can be purchasing ready:
- in the furniture store, where such an item can be estimated not in the photo, but in reality: how convenient to sit, sufficiently the height of the shelf for the keyboard, where the systemist is located and so on. It is advisable to come to the store, having the dimensions of the monitor, printer, MFP and other;
- on the online players, where the most different manufacturers, Choice, no doubt, more. However, you can only evaluate appearance Models, but the convenience of layouts will have literally to calculate the word using the data given in the product description. And, nevertheless, most often it is inexpensive to buy a computer desk that can be in the online store;
- on the sites of manufacturers describing models, usually contains more information. Here you can take advantage of special and prominses - buying in installments, such as discount on certain products and so on. An example of such a place of sale can be considered stores;
- you can always try that your money will save significantly.
Computer table can be made to order. For how much cheaper or more expensive, it will cost compared to the proposed in the store depends on its parameters and filling - add-ons, shelves, drawers, and other things. The complexity of structures does not cause too much increase in price, but the table takes into account all the features of the future user and PC.
Layouts and the table of the table here more important than the cost. Popular becomes not so much cheap how many compact models.
The following video will tell about how to properly care for a computer table at home:
Prices and photos of popular models
- Falcon KST-02 or Henry - minimum table. With the width of the countertops, 80 cm and depth 63 allows you to install the monitor on the worktop. Retractable shelf full length table accommodates both keyboard and mouse. Systemer compartment is available. The bottom shelf can be used for the printer, but not recommended. It usually serves as a footrest. The cost of the model is 2640 p.
- Trust-2 - option for working with documents. The total length of the model is 140 cm, of which the tabletop takes 100 cm. And the rack arranged above the system compartment is 40 cm. There is a spacious retractable shelf and a stand with an open upper niche for a modem. The superstructure also includes a deaf compartment and an upper shelf. The height of the shelves is designed for the vertical installation of folders. Price model - 7570 p.
- Boston's corner model refers to the same category - office desk for working with documents. The countertop is placed perpendicular to the plane of the bulk cabinet with shelves and drawers for documents. Cost 9900 p.
- SP-55 - an angular version combined with a rack, boasts a good layout. Systemsman here is located in an open niche above the table, for the printer there is its own shelf in the closet, you can place speakers over the monitor niche. The table is diagonally perpendicular, so that the tabletop is quite enough space for the scanner. The cost of the model is 10700 p.
Photos of popular models of computer tables
Boston
Falcon KST-01 (Henry)
SP-55.
Trust-2
The computer table is purchased, and even with PC. You should not be deceived: neither in the desk, nor on the coffee computer there is nothing to do, especially if it is used to work. Its productivity on 2/3 depends on the convenience and availability of equipment.
Every person has its own growth - who has a high, someone is low. But computer tables in most cases have standard dimensions and height of 0.75 m.
Asks, where did this value come from? And everything from there is from statistical data. Calculated the average height and smeared under it, and how to be people above or below average? Just choose the appropriate furniture, otherwise, nothing good to wait for the wrong dimensions. But in fact, if the human growth varies in permissible limits, then nothing terrible will not be that, for example, computer tables will be a pair of centimeters above or lower. Another thing is when this discrepancy is significant.
What should be the height and dimensions of the computer table
Exists simple formulaWith which you can calculate the perfect height. To do this: the growth is multiplied (cm) to the height of the standard table (cm) and is divided into 175, and as a result, the desired value is obtained. For example, for a hero of 190 cm, a table should be: 190 * 75/175 \u003d 82 cm. Where to take such a table?
For a low person, the problem can be solved by purchasing regulated in the height of the office chair, but for a giant this option does not fit. In such serious cases, you need to order individually or acquire ready productwho is regulated by a tabletop. It will be the ideal solution, because such a table will suit all family members who have different growth, but especially, children. After all, they have a property grow. Do not buy new new year?
The only table that does not need to select under the height - Glass coffee table. In this case, the main thing will be a price factor and a general view.
Why is it important to choose the right dimensions
If the height of this object of furniture is calculated incorrectly, then with normal vision and direct spine you can say goodbye. Incorrectly chosen computer table is also the cause of rapid fatigue. The lowest table makes leaning and sliding, and work for high furniture It is conjugate with constant bowing of the head, and it is not iron, like, actually, and neck.
A modern man spends too many of his time at the table, and he should not feel any discomfort. Only the right selection of furniture is able to prevent reduction of working capacity and avoid health problems. And there are several ways to solve this problem, therefore, choose suitable option can always. And do not think that good and high-quality things are huge money and you can not afford. It is easy to find glass inexpensive tables, you just need to look for them in the right place.
Hello dear friends.
In order to answer this question, you must first understand one thing.
Let's start with the minimum (as the maximum, except for the dimensions in height, restrictions practically do not have).
So, if you consider the usual straight line, its width consists of three (or rather out of four) values:
- Width of one end
- The width of the second stand (instead it can be a tray under the system unit, or it can be paired with it, and maybe just a rack or partition)
- Location for the user
- Clauses on the edges of Tumb
If this is considered in numbers (of course, approximately), we will get the following:
- Minimum width of the cabinet - 400mm
- Minimum tray width under the system unit - 240mm
- The minimum opening between the Tumba and the tray (in other words, the opening in which the user must be) - 600mm
- The size of the "adolescence" on the end of the end and on the tray - 50mm
- The average height of the table should be around 750 mm.
Total we get: 400 + 240 + 600 + 50 + 50 \u003d 1340 (mm).
This is the minimum size of a conventional direct table, which is located on two supports (tube and tray under the system unit).
Of course, if instead of the cabinet, the side panel is to move the tray into the product, it is not direct, but an angular one, then you can achieve even smaller dimensions.
But in this case, the product will not be as convenient and functional as the first one we considered the option.
If you consider the same angular computer desk (meant, located on two supports, although in, the third support is added for stability - the leg in the corner), then it will already have large dimensions than the straight line.
Once again we clarify that product options under consideration are minimal of possible dimensions for each option. 
Take the same parameters as for the straight table, that is:
- The first support is one stand
- Second support - tray under the system unit
- Earl for the user - 600mm
- "Adjusts" - 50mm
But for the angular variants of these values \u200b\u200bis not enough. You need another value - the width of the wing of his cover (and it seems like in the picture, has two wings)
The optimal width (depth) is 600mm.
With such lid sizes, depth of boxes (supports) make 500mm.
In this case, the dimensions of the corner product (the supports of which are served and, and the distance between them is 600 mm) will be 1264 mm at 1424 mm (in other words, these are the size of the table cover).
That's all.
See you in new posts.
10.1. The height of the working surface of the table for adult users should be adjusted within 680 - 800 mm; In the absence of such a possibility, the height of the working surface of the table should be 725 mm.
10.2. The modular sizes of the working surface of the table for PEVM, on the basis of which the design dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 mm, depth 800 and 1000 mm with an unregulated height of 725 mm.
10.3. The desktop must have a floor space with a height of at least 600 mm, a width - at least 500 mm, at the knee level - at least 450 mm and at the level of the elongated legs - at least 650 mm.
10.4. The design of the working chair should provide:
The width and depth of the surface of the seat is at least 400 mm;
Surface of the seat with a rounded front edge;
Adjusting the height of the seat surface within 400 - 550 mm and the corners of the tilt to 15 degrees. and back to 5 degrees;
The height of the reference surface of the back 300 +/- 20 mm, the width is at least 380 mm and the radius of the curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;
The angle of inclination of the back in the vertical plane within +/- 30 degrees;
Adjusting the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat within 260 - 400 mm;
Stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width - 50 - 70 mm;
Adjusting armrests in height over the seat within 230 +/- 30 mm and the inner distance between the armrests within 350 - 500 mm.
10.5. The PEVM user's workplace should be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, adjusting the height in the range up to 150 mm and along the angle of tilt the support surface of the stand up to 20 degrees. The surface of the stand must be corrugated and have an airborne height of 10 mm by the front edge.
10.6. The keyboard should be placed on the surface of the table at a distance of 100 - 300 mm from the edge facing the user, or on a special, adjustable working surface, separated from the main table top.