Apply Charcoal as a fertilizer for the garden invented Indians South America. To get the desired substance, they burned the trees in the jungle. The resin at high temperatures did not burn, but solidified and formed a crust on the burned coal. The layer of ash, covered with the soil after a fijar, contributed to the rapid absorption useful substances Plants.
Charcoal is a tree residue obtained after the combustion of raw materials with minimal oxygen access.
At home, it is done like this:
- Wood fall into the iron barrel.
- Raw materials are set on fire and wait until the fire is completely completely.
- The remaining blackened pieces are removed from the tank and are used for their intended purpose.
This agent has a number of positive qualities. It is capable of:
- long kept without entering chemical reactions and without decaying;
- absorb a large amount of liquid and aluminum oxides (is a good absorbent);
- converting nitrogen contained in the air, in the form of form plants available for assimilation;
- adjust the humidity of the soil due to the water absorbed during the rain;
- activate the top layer biosphere.
Thanks to the porous structure, coal fertilizer:
- has a small weight;
- it is capable of feeding impressive areas with minimal amount.
Useful properties of charcoal in agriculture
Wood ashes have long applied as fertilizer in the fields. Everything is different with coal: it began to use it for this purpose several decades ago. Flowers and vegetables, used this tool on their own panstones, noted that the plants growing on the beds fertilized by him are better fruiting, they are well tolerated dry periods.
Fertilize the garden and charcoal garden beds are profitable because they:
- cost cheaper chemical fertilizers;
- completely harmless to humans and animals;
- can be entered into the soil for several years in a row;
Other positive qualities of feeding:
- In case of a small overdose, green plantings will not suffer.
- Spray with the influence of coal dust and ash plants are less sick of fungal diseases.
- It has good protective properties. Discarded plants and crocheted beds are ceased to attack harmful insects.
Soil moisture regulation
Charcoal perfectly chooses moisture. Thanks to the ability to absorb over water, it saves root system Gardening crops from posting in the rain period. When the rains replaced drought, coal pieces give accumulated moisture back into the soil. Binding fluid, coal adjusts the humidity of the soil.
The useful substances that later assimilate the root plant of plants are accumulated on the coal crust-dried resin coal. The absorbent contributes to improving the quality of the soil, increase its looseness.
Protection of weeds and pests
Coal ashes use to combat harmful insects. Awesome solution is not only cheap fertilizer, but also effective tool From larvae and beetles.
Prepared drug from ash or sifted coal dust as:
- Two liters of steep boiling water pour 300 g of fixed raw materials.
- The solution is boiled 30 minutes.
- The resulting agent is diluted with 8 liters of water.
- 50 g added to economic Soap And the handful of tobacco ash.
Ready drug spray garden and garden crops in the evening. The drug from wood-ash helps to get rid of:
- colorado beetle;
- ticks;
- slugs;
- whitening;
- wireman;
- midges;
- muravyov.
This mixture will help save onions from the onion flies, and cabbage beds - from cruciferous flesh. Berry bushes, sprayed drugs from ash, will be protected from:
- sawmaker;
- fires;
- muced dew.
Strawberries and cabbage can be treated with dry ash. Swipping will help protect garden crops from slugs and flea. Coal means ecoly friendly, does not harm the health of people who will eat the fruits of processed plants.
Applying charcoal on the garden
The substance under consideration is used to increase humus fertility. The amount of fertilizer introduced into the soil depends on the soil composition on a specific household plot.
In some US states, such a way of cultivation of the soil is practiced, in which the amount of coal additives used is up to 45-50% in relation to the surface of the land being processed.
Application area
The high carbon product absorbs moisture and prevents the washing of nutrients from the soil. This remedy needs to be scattered on the fields located in close proximity to the reservoirs. Coal additives hold mineral fertilizers on the site and prevent pollution of nearby lakes and rivers.
On warm Groke And in flower beds, a layer of charcoal allows you to "delay" an extra moisture from the root system of plants. It is recommended to lay it on the bottom. The layers of coal pieces and ashes shift:
- chicken litter;
- manure;
- compost.
For a drainage layer in greenhouses and greenhouses, large pieces of coal are used. Coal fertilizer scattered on the beds must have a fraction from 3 to 7 mm. Solutions and infusions are prepared from ash and dust residue.
Charcoal is used as a fertilizer and means for protecting indoor plants. Flowers can purchase a coal mixture of suitable quality in specialized stores. The ash is obtained independently by burning suitable raw materials.
Charcoal can be added to the bottom of the seedlings. Here it will work as drainage and fertilizer at the same time, as well as protect plant from rotten bacteria. Coal dust is used to stimulate the germination of the sowing material. For this, the layer of raw materials are watered with warm water. After the fluid is completely absorbed, seeds are laid on the coal pillow.
When and how to make feeding into the soil?
Wood-coal ash as a fertilizer is added to the soil when planting plants that are poorly transferred high humidity Soil (cacti, orchids).
The ash, remaining after the combustion of coal, is used to double the leaves of garden crops (eggplants, cucumbers). Such a measure allows you to protect the harvest from pests.
Su. clay soils Fertilize in autumn coal dust and ash. On the surface of the beds, they evenly scatter the feeder in the calculation of 3 kg per 1 weave of the site.
The best result is observed after applying fertilizers along with ammonia Selievera and organica.
The garden with clay ground is evenly peeping ash, coal, compost, manure, and then leaving so that all fertilizers are covered with a layer of soil with a thickness of 10 to 20 cm.
In the south of Russia in the Salsk steppes there is a hot and arid climate, so the earth is cracking in the summer and covered with a thick crust after irrigation. Charcoal here need to be buried to a depth of 10-15 cm: in these conditions, it will help keep moisture and act as a dust of the soil.
So that the rains do not wash the nutrients, fertilizers bring before the start of frosts.
Finely crushed coal is used in dry form, and solutions are prepared from coal dust. The raw material is stored in the place protected from moisture.
In the corner there are impurities that are in pure form are harmful to plants. When interacting with oxygen, sulphites oxidize and acquire safe forms.
Coal components should be no more than 5% of the total amount of soil area.
Other varieties of coal fertilizer
IN agriculture As fertilizer use ash from burnt coal:
- stone;
- wood;
- brown.
Stone coal as fertilizer does not apply, for this purpose, the ash is suitable, which remained after its combustion. Slag and ash contain the calcium plants needed for active growth.
Coal ash almost half consists of silicon oxides. It is used as a baking powder for heavy clay soil. The ash from coal as fertilizer contributes to an increase in yield, improves the quality of the soil, regulates its humidity.
This type of fertilizer is unacceptable to use for soil with an elevated acid compound content. As a result of the interaction of substances included in the composition of ash and oxygen, they are transformed into sulfates, which contributes to an even greater increase in soil acidity.
Coal ash as fertilizer is used in a complex with an organic (chicken litter, cowboy).
The ash of brown coal is obtained after its combustion. This substance is formed when exposed to high pressure on raw material of plant origin.
The introduction of ash fertilizers reduces the acidity of soil and increases the saturation of the soil with mineral substances:
- phosphorus;
- calcium;
- potassium.
Coal crumb with ash improves the structure of the soil and enriches it:
- boron;
- manganese;
- copper;
- molybdenum;
- gray;
- zinc.
The use of ash and coal as fertilizer for the garden helps to increase the yield of almost all cultures. Coal crumb stimulates the activity of beneficial microorganisms and prevents the flushing of the necessary for garden plants Elements.
Asha use as fertilizers since the first villages. It is publicly available, inexpensive, ergonomic in use. But the introduction of coal ashes to the soil cannot be carried out without control.
With such feeders, it is necessary to perform proportions and certain rules, and take into account for the types of soil and which plants it is possible to use it.
With all the utility of ash elements, it must be borne in mind that not every ash is suitable for fertilizer. Coal combustion product, which was taken from contaminated or radioactive territory should not be used, because it accumulates in it harmful substancesWhat will be consumed by plants.
- Which contains and what features coal ash owns
- Which specifically cultures are fed by coal fertilizer
- features and Applications
- Advantages of coal ash
Coal soot may be taken due to the burning of stone or brown coal. Accordingly, it will differ in the proportions of the composition, which contains a slight amount:
- Calcium, what is needed for the development of plants. It takes part in carbohydrate-protein metabolism, based on this is extremely useful for young crops with active growth. In addition, the calcium is needed for plant roots, it provides assistance to assimilate other trace elements in the ground. This element is able to influence the acidity of the soil using the binding of some acids.
- Potassium, which takes part in the cellular juice and takes active participation In carbohydrate exchange and photosynthesis. It activates enzymes and affects the level of quality of vegetables and fruits.
- Phosphorus, protruding energy feeding plants. It participates in the exchange processes of plant organism and has a vivid effect on the degree of maturity of fruits and seeds, and consequently, the amount and quality of the crop.
- Magnesium included in chlorophyll and affecting photosynthesis. On the lack of this element, the plant flashes yellowing their exhaust and leaves.
- Sodium, which assists carbohydrate transfer, and sufficient number The element contributes to an increase in plants resistance to pathogenic factors ambient and low temperature.
But the ash fertilizer is rare enough, because the minimum content of the necessary substances goes to the ground in a hard-to-reach, for consumption by plants, state is silicates, which under the action of large temperatures are melted and form glass-like weights.
Types of coal fertilizer:
- Coal ash. Such a fertilizer is rich in silicon oxides, the content of which often exceeds 50%, based on this, it is often used in order to dry and break wet, heavy clay soils. A coal fertilizer reinforces the structure of homogeneous land, increases their moisturefront fertility and ability. In addition, such fertilizer feeding does not actually contain chloride compounds. The use of coal fertilizer is unacceptable for soil and sandy soils with increased aciditySince the high content of sulfur is converted to sulfuric acid salts and promotes acidity. As a result, coal fertilizer is advised to combine with calcium-containing, ammonium and organic (manure and litter of birds).
- The ash of brown coal. Brown coal is purchased under the influence of a large pressure on vegetable weights, which are saturated with phosphoric, potassium and other mineral connections. Such feeding is used as mineral fertilizerwhich enriches poor lands by trace elements. In contrast to the coal corrugal ash reduces the size of the acidity of the soil, enhances its structure and saturates it by boron, manganese, copper, molybenum, other components and zinc, which contributes to an increase in yield. The brown coal crumb contains depthic acids (about two percent) and there are raw materials to obtain depths (fertilizers) having a high physiological activity that promotes the improvement of the agrochemical features of the soil and stimulating the activity of earthy microorganisms. In addition, the depths prevent the desired elements from the Earth.
Which specifically cultures are fed by coal fertilizer
- mustian
- lukovy
- different cabbage species
- garlic
- bean
- redon
- trousel
To increase the yield of these crops, the product of coal combustion combines with plaster.
For demanding nutrient elements of the crops of fertilizer, stone ash will not bring anything good, because it contains the amount of nutrients insufficient for them.
The crushed coal slag is made through the rescue of the actual circles of fruiting trees.
With regular feeding of coal ash, potassium accumulation and fluorine accumulates in the carnames, because the ash retains its own utility in the ground for five years. But for the effectiveness of the application to the fertilizer you need a combination with an organic.
flour and ash of brown coal is often used in the manufacture of subsection under seedlings of cucumber and tomato cultures. To do this, mix on one part of sand and peat and 5% crushed brown coal. The necessary features of such ash are preserved in the ground from three to five years.
The ash of brown coal is effectively added to the compost made of small straw, sawdust and herbs.
features and Applications
In the subline and heavy-chipped lands, coal asna contributes to the autumn time in small quantities - one hundred and recommended to make no more than three kilograms. To increase the result, it is to combine such a fertilizer with an organic and ammonium nitrate, because with the help of ammonium binding, the loss of nitrogen compounds decreases with sulfur ions.
Rules for making coal ashes:
- in heavy and clay lands, the ash is brought to a depth of twenty centimeters
- due to the leaning with precipitation, the ash recommended to make under the winter
- coal ashes are used in dry and as solutions (100 grams of element per 10 liters of water), but the solutions contain a reduced amount of the desired elements
- the ash is stored only in dry rooms, in a well-closed container. In case of humidity, the utility fertilizer is lost
- not recommended simultaneous introduction of nitrogen-containing feeding and ash
- asha may be used in order to stimulate the germination of seeds. To do this, they are cooked as the infusion that you need to withstand within 24 hours and soak in it seed material
to take into account the fact that the coal feeder contains sulfites, poisonous for plant crops, but they are subjected to oxidation under the action of oxygen and buy the necessary features. Thanks to what, coal combustion products do not need to make a gather, the urinary residue needs to be sifted and dried on the floor with a dry place at least one and a half seven days. At the end of which slag is stored in perfectly closed capacity.
The rate of making coal coal fertilizers per one square meter - 3-5 kg.
Excess to fertilizer will slow down the development of cultures and increase the level of strontium in the ground. Rugged derivatives - the depths are recommended to be used in a normal 50-60 grams per meter square, and the crumb is not more than 12 grams. The overhaul of these elements leads to the destruction and inhibition of the vegetation of the necessary microorganisms, which is very poorly reflected on the composition of the Earth.
Advantages of coal ash
If the ash is used correctly in the right proportions, such fertilizer will actually have no shortcomings. Skillful gardeners give preference to ash feeding due to the naturalness of the benefits:
- and a number of security. Ash does not harm the human body, does not exude unpleasant odor And does not cause skin irritation.
- availability and low cost. Coal ash can be made independently, to buy in special vending points or pick up from friends who are heated with coal. Fertilizer is consumed economically and can be kept continuous.
- Protective features. Coal ash is a good prevention of plant pests. When sprinkling ash ash, near plants, attacks of snails, slugs, ants, wires, whitening and flies are stopped.
- Prevent diseases caused by fungi. For this, the plants spray as a solid solution.
It turns out that coal combustion products are harmful to human body, because they can contain radioactive elements and heavy metals. But plants with the presence of these elements develop quite active. This conclusion is correct partially.
The accumulation of harmful substances in the tissues of the plant is probably when the level of application is exceeded in order for fertilizers to the ground, in other words if you make more than 5% of the total soil.
Coal derivatives are used everywhere and have agricultural importance for the farmers of many states.
Coal ash as fertilizer: properties and rules of use
Unlike wood, it contains large quantity calcium, sodium and bronze salts and less - potassium and phosphate. Based on this, coal combustion products are indispensable when entering into the acidified areas of the Earth for the rationing of their acidity, especially when disembarking tomato and potatoes.
Parenic cultures from so that fertilizers are saturated with copper, which is opposed to phytoofluoros.
In compliance with the norms of carbon ash and not overdo it in this case, the accumulation of harmful substances is not observed, respectively, it cannot damage the human body.
More information is possible to determine from the video:
Ash. Features Use of ash
Coal ash How to fertilizer?
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Tags: ash, property, coal, fertilizer
How to apply ash as a fertilizer
aSH; n. Asche; f. Cendre; and. Ceniza) - a solid residue formed when combustion of fuel. It consists of products of oxidation and firing of the ill-forming components of the mineral part and organic fuel compounds and a certain number of ineffective organic components (injecting). IN industrial conditions The ash is formed in the form of a fine powder - asleep and slag - the fused lump material.
When burning fuel with liquid looseness, slag is mainly formed, with dry - by 80% ash-ins. According to the smoothness (temperature of the melting temperature), the ash is divided into low-melting (less than 1200 ° C), medium perhaps (1200-1350 ° C), refractory (1350-1500 ° C) and unlawful (more than 1500 ° C). Chemical composition of ash during coal combustion, combustible shale and peat (SiO 2 10-65%, Al 2 O 3 10-40%, CaO 0.5-45%, MgO 0.2-6%, Na 2 o 1-10 %, K 2 O 1.5-3%) depends on the conditions for the formation of this fuel, the technology of combustion and other things. The ash of low-rise peat, brown and oxidized coals and combustible shale has an increased CaO content, stone coal - predominantly aluminosilicate composition. By the value of the ratio of the amount of oxides Fe, Ca, Mg, Na and K to the sum of Si, Al oxides, Ti Z. are divided into acidic (less than 1) and main (more than 1). The ash coal is mainly acidic, combustible shale and wood - the main one. With the energy use of the fuel, the properties of ashes predetermine the technology and the combustion mode, composition and number of fluxes.
When burning coal in CCCP, about 60 million tons are formed per year of gastroy waste (1980). Slags are used in construction, the ash-uninas is mainly stored in wet ashons and is only partially used in the cement industry as raw materials and additives, in the production of building ceramics, asphalt concrete, goldenton, frying and debugging gravel. The aslats of the Baltic combustible shale finds the application for the production of binders (quakermite) of materials, as well as as defillators of soils in agriculture. Of the ashes of some types of coal, rare and scattered elements, such as Germany and Gallium, are extracted. In the future - the complete use of ash in the national economy.
Ash Wood / Application.
Wood ash is the use of wood ash. Wood ash as a unique fertilizer - Dry ash Wood can be kept for many years without loss of their useful properties.
Sections in this article:
Applying ash wood in vegetable growing.
The use of ash wood in gardening.
The use of ash wood for the deoxidation of the soil.
Advantages of applying ash wooded.
The use of wood ash in vegetable growing.
It makes sense, it will stop in detail on the use of ash in vegetable growing.
Wood ash is a good potash and phosphoric fertilizer for acidic and neutral soils. The greatest percentage in potassium wood ash (up to 20%), less phosphorus (5%). But phosphorus is in an easily accessible form and is used by plants better than from superphosphate.
In addition to potassium and phosphorus, which are in ashes easily available for plants, wood ash contains calcium (7-9%), magnesium, iron, sulfur and zinc, as well as many trace elements needed vegetables, perennials, as well as fruit and fruit and Decorative trees.
The ash tree does not contain chlorine, so its use is particularly well affected by plants that are negatively reacting to chlorine: on strawberries, raspberry, currants, potatoes.
Applying ash woodyon cabbage different species It will protect them from diseases such as keel and a black leg.
Responsive to making ash wood cucumbers, zucchini, patissons. It is enough to add 1-2 tablespoons of ashes in the well when placing seedlings or one glass per square meter with a stroke percho.
Good applying ash woody When disembarking seedlings: sweet pepper, eggplants and tomatoes. It is necessary to add 3 tablespoons of ashes in the well and mix with the soil, as well as sprinkle the earth on top, so that the roots of seedlings do not come into contact with it, or to make a glass of 3 cups per square meter when processing soil.
But also keep in mind one feature when the soil is decking before planting potatoes. In this case, it is possible to deoxine the soil and need only ash or dolomite flour, but not "fluff" (hawed lime): inevitably make an excessive amount of calcium with a prayer in the soil and it will subsequently pour the potato disease.
The use of ash wood in gardening.
Application wood ash From green apple tree.
A frequent problem for many gardeners is a green apple fault.
The recipe from the Tly with the use of wood ash is simple. It is necessary to disappointed the trees of sainted ash, pre-satellite the leaves with water.
The use of wood ash from the caterpillars.
We use 250-300 grams (approximately half-liter bank) wood ash. It is necessary in 10 liters of water to boil ash for 5 minutes. Cool, strain. It is useful to add 50 grams of pre-dissolved in water of the household soap and spray fruit trees and berry shrubs.
Wood ash and ants.
If despite all the utility of ants in the fruit of the garden, you still decide to get rid of ants, it is better to apply wood ash as a repellent, that is, to scare up ants, and not for their destruction by various chemicals.
So. Just scattering wood as a fine trickle around a tree stan or around a berry bush. The effect, though not long, but will.
Application of wood ash for disinfection.
500 g of wood ash (liter bank) pour 3 liters of water, bring to a boil and withstand 30 minutes on slow heat. Cool, strain. Bring volume up to 8-10 liters. Such spraying is advisable to do in early spring before the dissolution of the leaves on fruit trees and berry shrubs or late autumn after leaffall.
Wood ash against pulse dew.
The use of wood ash as a liquid decree on berry shrubs (black currant, gooseberry) showed its effectiveness.
1 kilogram of wood ash, pre-sifted, soak 3-4 days in 10 liters of water. Periodically stirring. Before pluming, the last stirring is not carried out: merge clean. And add 50 grams of pre-dissolved in water of the economic soap (for better adhesion of the solution).
Treatment to spend overnight. After rain processing, you need to repeat. And also the processing itself is needed to spend several times every other day.
Wood ashes can also be used, simply spraying it by plants:
- 2 tablespoons of wood ash spray on each bush strawberries from fruit rot;
- pour a thin walkway around cabbage from slugs;
- Speeding ash tracks, as mentioned above, scares ants.
The use of wood ash in a compost.
Wood ashes can be made to the compost, speaking it with the compost layers. Having an alkaline reaction, the ash is well neutralized by the acids resulting from decomposition organic Materials in compost.
Applying ash woodyas a fertilizer.
For the preparation of liquid fertilizer from the ash wood takes 100-150 grams per bucket of water. The solution, continuously stirring, is carefully poured into the grooves and immediately close the soil. For tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage is brought by about half liters of the plant on the plant.
Applying ash woodyto combat pests and diseases.
Use wood ash and for dusting and spraying plants from pests and diseases. Wood ash raised plants early in the morning, by dew, or before spraying them with clean water.
Wood ash. Preparation of the solution.
The plant for treating plants is prepared as follows. 300 grams of ash ash are poured with boiling water and boil 20-30 minutes. The decoction is defended, filtering, diluted with water to 10 liters and add 40-50 grams of soap.
How to use ash as a fertilizer
Plants spray in the evening in dry weather.
To scare up slugs and snails, scat out dry ashes near the stems and around their favorite plants.
On heavy soils wood-tree use Under the pixel in the fall and spring, and on the lungs of the sandy - only in the spring. The rate of application is 100-200 grams per square meter.
In many English-speaking sources, the maximum permissible amount of ash is recommended: 86 grams (less than faceted glass) ash per square meter of soil per year.
The use of ash wood for the deoxidation of the soil.
Wood ash is one of the most affordable and cheap means for deoxidation of the soil (increasing acidity in the alkaline side).
A bit of theory.
Acidity is indicated by the pH sign. What are the soils:
- highly sour soil - pH below 4.0;
- sylnic acid soils - pH from 4.1 to 4.5;
- medium-sized soils - pH from 4.6 to 5.0;
- Weakness soils - pH from 5.1 to 6.0;
- Neutral soils - pH more than 6.0 (weakly alkaline, etc.)
Now what the soil likes the plants:
- bone (cherry, plum ...) - pH 7.0;
- Seed rocks (apple tree, pear ...) - pH from 6.0 to 6.5;
- currants, gooseberry - pH from 6.0 to 6.5;
- Malina - pH from 5.5 to 6.0.
Evaluation of the acidity of your soil In the site, spend, using a simple way when observing the growing plants in the area (the analysis of the soil in the chemical laboratory, few gardeners do).
Highlifted soils: on the plot there are such herbs like a hat, plantain, sorrel.
On medium-sized soils, coltsfoot, basin, drink, clover are growing.
And if you did not read the above section of the article on the use of ash in vegetable growing, that is, it makes sense to repeat the indicator for gardeners as a conventional beet.
Determination of soil acidity on the topping beets:
- Red leaves - sour and soil;
- Green leaves with red streaks - soil is a weakness;
- Green leaves (red leaves cutters) - neutral soil.
Application of ash for soil deoxidation. The deoxidation of the soil provides calcium contained in the ash. At the landing pit under your seedlock of cherries or plums, contribute to ½ Polite ash bank, stirring it from the ground. If there are already adult bone trees on the site, then in 2-3 receptions before the rain, make a total of 2-3 liters of ashes on the surface. If there is no rain, we will span on the raised ash on top of water from the watering can.
The use of ash wooded. ADVANTAGES.
Wood's ash fertures and obesums the soil, creates favorable conditions For the vital activity of soil microorganisms, especially nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The introduction of ash's soil increases the resilience of plants, they are faster in transplanting and are less ill.
Apply ash wood instead of lime for compost squeezing, speaking ash layers of organics. The ash helps maintain a favorable medium favorable.
The action of wood ash continues up to 2-4 years after entering into the soil.
Wood ash contains:
- in one tablespoon contains 6 grams of ash;
- in a graved glass - 100 grams;
- in half lytric Bank - 250 grams;
- in a liter bank - 500 grams.
It is necessary to store the collected ash tree in a dry place, as the moisture leads to the loss of potassium and trace elements.
The ash differs in chemical composition depending on the variety of wood.
The use of ash wooded. Restrictions.
The ash wood increases the alkaline soil reaction, so it should not be made to alkaline soils (pH 7 and above).
Do not use ash tree together with nitrogen fertilizers (fresh manure, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea), as they will lose their action. Nitrogen fertilizers should be made in soil at least a month after the introduction of ash.
Do not apply ash from garbage, painted or treated wood, coal. Such an ash may contain potentially hazardous chemicals and heavy metals.
Clim up.
Topic: " Wood / Application«.
Long known positive effect of adding charcoal to the soil,the article reveals the essence of another product application.
In 1541, the detachment of Spanish conquers led by Francisco de Orellan went to the Amazon diving downstream of the river's influx in the area of \u200b\u200bthe current Peru. In total, they sailed more than 5 thousand kilometers with stops on the banks of the river, sometimes removing deep into the territory. However, they soon almost all died from numerous tropical diseases. However, Orellana stayed alive and returned to Spain. After his death, he left the diaries in which they reported that in this expedition they saw a huge country, with a large population, huge cities connected with good bulk roads among the jungle, with markets, replete food and numerous gold products. Orellana called this country El Dorado (El Dorado).
However, the next expedition was sent by the Spaniards to the Amazon area only century later, and, alas, there was no fabulous country. Several few tribes were found american IndiansHunting and fishing, and except for the jungle, they did not see anything. In the future, the search for mythical countries Eldorado continued, but they did not lead to any results. So in history about Eldorado, only the statement of the "Mythical Country of Eldorado" remains, as a statement about something fabulously rich, but in fact, not existing.
However, at the end of the 20th century it turned out that Eldorado still existed. And everything was as described Orellana.
At first, the attention of the soils (and among them the first was Vim Sombroeks from Holland) attracted the blocks of unusually fertile land In Peru, which the Indians nicknamed Terra Preta, That translated from Spanish means black earth. The fact is that the lands in the Amazon area (like all the tropical land) are very infreed. These are red and yellow soils with a large number of aluminum oxides and other metals (the so-called oxyzoles), on which almost nothing is growing (from crops), except rare local weeds.
However, land Terra Preta. They had a very black color and were extremely fertile. They gave (and now give) good harvest Even without fertilizer. This land turned out to be so good that local farmers began to export it, like the Earth for flower Gorshkov. When Vim Sombroek arrived in Peru and began to explore this land, local farmers told him even more amazing thing: what upper layer the lands they removed from Terra Preta. (about 20 cm) for 20 years is completely restored by itself. Sombroeks made measurements of the thickness of the earth (and it turned out to be on average 70 cm) and in the future this fact was confirmed: land Terra Preta. Self-set. Recovery rate - 1 cm per year.
It is also surprising that this black earth is very fertile, and a red or yellow land just a few tens of meters from it is almost absolutely non-good.
When was held chemical analysis These lands, it turned out that they are absolutely identical in Him. composition. And geological analysis showed that these soils have the same geological origin. The difference was only in one thing: the Black Earth was in abundance of charcoal, from 10% to 30%.
There was an assumption that these black soils have anthropogenic origins.
Radio carbon analysis showed that the age of this corner of more than 2000 years.
Consequently, there existed on this place ancient civilization!
Excavations of this land have shown that clay shards are often found in it. But can this be just parking the ancient Indians, if the total area of \u200b\u200bthis land reaches a few hundred hectares? And if it's just a settlement, then what did they eat among the non-fermentation jungle?
In general, a lot of questions arise, causing puzzling scientists.
In the future, 20 large sections of the Earth were found in the Amazon River basin Terra Preta., and many small, total area equal to France.
According to scientists, about 3 million people lived in this territory.
It was a developed civilization with a complex social structure. Ethnographic expeditions confirmed that among many tribes of the Amazon Indians are preserved customs, traditions and concepts that can exist only in large civilizations, and which are not found among small tribes (as unnecessary). Apparently, it is the remnants of that civilization.
Where is the civilization?
Under the suggestion of scientists, the Francisco de Orellan expedition brought with him Amazon's Indians viruses, to which the Indians had no immunity, and therefore soon the Indians died from the mass epidemic. Then the jungle quickly took this territory. Therefore, after 100 years after Orella, Europeans found nothing.
However, modern photo pictures from the aircraft allowed to see that all these patches Terra Preta.related by numerous roads that the Indians were packed in the jungle with the help of embankments, and which then, after the death of civilization, were quickly absorbed by the jungle. Radio carbon analysis showed that some sites are 4000 or more. Consequently, this civilization existed on extremely non-fermentation tropical lands over 4,000 years and could feed himself.
However, K.'s interest Terra Preta.all over the world increasingly increases.
Why are these sections of fertile land and now, after 4000 years, remain fertile even without fertilizer, nor organic, nor minerals?
Here is a good question for Igor Konstantinovich!
To date, it is found that the Indians added ordinary charcoal to the ground, which they received from trees growing in abundance in the jungle. It is very different from the current housing and firing agriculture system used by some farmers: the forest is burned, then it is used for several years and is thrown again while the trees do not grow on it. This system is not very effective. However, the use of chemical fertilizers on tropical soils gives even fewer results.
Charcoal is chemically inert. Why does he give such a strange effect - makes the soil fertile for the millennium, and even without any fertilizer?
It turned out the following:
Charcoal is obtained by slow (cold) wood combustion with limited oxygen access. The coal thus obtained possesses the following properties:
1.
Chemically inert and therefore can lie in the Millennium Earth, without deciding.
2.
It has high absorption, i.e. It can absorb an excess, for example, aluminum oxides, which are very many in tropical soils, and which strongly suppress the growth of the root system of plants.
3.
It has a great porosity and as a result of this, a huge total surface area, if you count the surface of the pores.
But the most important thing is that the soils did not know - this is that when combustion of wood in this way, at temperatures of 400-500 degrees, wood resins are not burned, but are hard and coated with a thin layer of pores of charcoal. The same hardened resins have a high ability to ion exchange. Those. Ion of some substance easily joins them and then not washed away even with rains. However, it can be assimilated by plant roots or hyphaons of mycorrhis mushrooms.
It turned out the following:
Numerous bacteria living on plant roots are distinguished by enzymes that are capable of dissolving soil minerals. Thenesium ions are quickly joined to frozen resin of charcoal, and plants are already needed by these ions from the coal to "take off" with their roots, i.e. Feed
In addition, many substances needed by plants fall into the soil together with rains, and this is also a considerable amount. Especially a lot in the rains of nitrogen, which is also not washed out of the soil, but catches charcoal.
As a result, it all turns out that such a soil is capable of feeding all plants by itself, without any fertilizer. The only fertilizer you need - charcoal.
To study the effect of charcoal on fertility in the soil, numerous experiments were delivered. These experiments continue and now.
The results turned out to be stunning.
For example, 3 sections of tropical soil: control, chemical fertilizers, charcoal + chemical fertilizers.
Vintage on the piece of charcoal + chemical fertilizers exceeds the harvest on the plot just with chemical fertilizers 3-4 times.
The interest in this phenomenon terra preta is growing around the world. This year, the World Congress of Soils was devoted to Philadelphia. IN next year A large conference will be held in Australia.
There is another most important advantage: because the coal in the ground does not decompose, then its withdrawal from the atmosphere takes longer. It can help solve the problem of global warming! Developing countries At the same time, problems of hunger and poverty can solve, because they will receive the most fertile land in the world. Developed countries are also interested in this in order to solve the problem of global warming.
But there is another most important advantage:
A method was developed and patented, as from wood to obtain charcoal, enriched with even nitrogen, and at the same time get a pretty decent amount of fuel (in the form of hydrogen, which, if desired, can be converted to diesel fuel).
Here is the address non-profit organizationthat took up for this interesting thing:
This site provides a fully economic justification, and it turns out that the fuel thus obtained will be cheaper natural Gas and gasoline !!!
In this connection, it is concluded that soon farmers can become suppliers of a serious share of energy in the United States.
But also note that this process can go on increasing: more charcoal - more vegetation - even more charcoal - even more vegetation - etc.
In general, now many researchers believe that following the Green Revolution in the world agriculture, the following will be the Black Revolution, werena on the use of charcoal, which will give the following fruits:
1.
Solving the environmental problem of global warming.
2
. Solving the environmental problem of land degradation.
3.
Decision economic problems poor countries.
4.
Solving energy problems.
5.
A sharp increase in the effectiveness of the use of chemical fertilizers with a sharp decrease in the negative effects of their application.
The ash is used as fertilizers since the first gardens. It is publicly available, inexpensive, easy to use. But the introduction of coal ashes to the soil cannot be carried out without control. With such feeding, it is necessary to comply with certain rules and proportions, and also take into account for which plants and types of soil can be applied.
With all the utility of ash elements, it is necessary to take into account that not every ash is suitable for. A coal combustion product that took from a polluted or radioactive zone should not be applied, because it accumulates harmful substances that will consume plants.
Coal soot can be obtained due to the burning of stone or brown coal. Accordingly, it will be different proportions chemical compositionwhich contains a slight amount:
- Calcium, which is necessary for the development of plants. He takes part in carbohydrate exchange, so it is very useful for young crops with active growth. Calcium is also needed for plant roots, it helps to absorb other trace elements in the soil. This element is capable of affecting the acidity of the soil by binding some acids.
- Potassium, which takes part in the cellular juice and takes an active part in photosynthesis and carbohydrate exchange. It activates enzymes and affects the quality of vegetables and fruits.
- Phosphorus, protruding energy feeding plants. It participates in the metabolic processes of vegetable organism and has a direct impact on the degree of maturity of fruits and seeds, and therefore, on the quality and amount of crop.
- Magnesium included in chlorophyll and affecting photosynthesis. On the lack of this element, the plant signals the yellowed leaves and their extinguishes.
- Sodium, which contributes to carbohydrate transfer, and a sufficient amount of the element contributes to increasing plant resistance to pathogenic factors external environment and low temperature.
However, the ash fertilizer is applied quite rarely, because the minimum content of the beneficial substances goes into the soil in hard to reach, for consumption by plants, state is silicates, which are melted under the influence of high temperatures and form glassy masses.
- Coal ash. Such a fertilizer is rich in silicon oxides, the content of which is often translated over 50%, so it is often used to dry and break wet, heavy clay soils. A coal fertilizer improves the structure of homogeneous soils, increases their moisturefront and fertility. In addition, such fertilizer feeding almost does not contain chloride compounds. The use of coal fertilizer is unacceptable for sandy soils and soil with increased acidity, since the high content of sulfur is converted into sulfates and helps increase acidity. In this regard, the coal fertilizer is recommended to combine with calcium-containing, ammonium and organic (lips of birds and manure).
- The ash of brown coal. A brown coal is obtained under the influence of high pressure on vegetable masses, which are saturated with phosphoric, potassium and other mineral compounds. Such feeding is used as which enriches poor soil by trace elements. In contrast to the coal corrugal ash reduces the level of soil acidity, improves its structure and satures it by boron, manganese, copper, molybenum, zinc and other components, which helps increase yields. Crumb of brown coal contains depthic acids (about two percent) and is a raw material for obtaining depths (fertilizers) having high physiological activity that contributes to improving the agrochemical properties of soil and stimulating the activity of earthy microorganisms. Also depths prevent leaching useful elements From the soil.
- mustian
- lukovy
- various cabbage species
- garlic
- bean
- trousel
To increase the yield of these crops, the coal combustion product combines with plaster. For demanding nutrient elements of crops, stone ash will not bring any benefit, because it contains the amount of nutrients insufficient for them.
The crushed coal slag is introduced during a people of the rigorous circles of fruiting trees.
With regular feeding, fluorine and potassium accumulation takes place in the carbon in the carbonate, because the ash retains its utility in the ground for five years. But for the effectiveness of the use of such fertilizer, a combination with an organic is needed.
The ash and flour of brown coal are often used in the manufacture of subractors under seedlings of cucumber and tomato crops. To do this, mix on one part of the peat and sand and 5% crushed brown coal. The beneficial properties of such ashes are saved in the soil from three to five years. The ash of brown coal is effectively added to the compost made of shallow straw, herbs and.
In the subline and heavy-chip soils, coal ashes are brought in autumn in small quantities - one hundred, it is recommended to make no more than three kilograms. To increase the effect, it is necessary to combine such fertilizer with ammonia nitrate and organic, because by the binding of ammonium, the losses of nitrogenous compounds are reduced by sulfur ions.
Rules for making coal ashes:
- in heavy and clay soils, the ash is brought to a depth of twenty centimeters
- due to the leaning with precipitation, the ash recommended to make under the winter
- coal ashes are used in dry and as solutions (100 grams of element per 10 liters of water), but the solutions contain a reduced amount of useful elements
- the ash is stored exclusively in dry rooms, in a tightly closed container. In case of humidity, the utility fertilizer is lost
- not recommended simultaneous introduction of ash and nitrogen-containing feeding
- asha can be used to stimulate the germination of seeds. To do this, they prepare an asterior infusion that needs to withstand during the day and soak in it seed material
It should also be taken into account that the coal feeding contains sulphites, poisonous for plant crops, but they are under the influence of oxygen are oxidized and acquire useful properties. As a result, coal combustion products should not be made immediately, the intrinsic balance must be sifted and dried on the floor with a dry place at least one and a half weeks. After that, the slag is stored in a well-closed container.
The rate of making the coal fertilizers of brown coal per square meter is 3-5 kg.
Excess such fertilizer will slow down the development of cultures and increase the level of strontium in the soil. Rugged derivatives - the depths are recommended to apply in the norm of 50-60 grams per meter square, and the crumb is not more than 12 grams. The excessive introduction of these elements leads to the oppression of vegetation and the destruction of beneficial microorganisms, which negatively affects the composition of the soil.
Practically will not have flaws. Experienced gardeners prefer as talny feeding due to a number of benefits: - Security and Naturalness. The ash does not harm the human body, does not exude an unpleasant smell and does not cause skin irritation.
- Cheapness and accessibility. Coal ashes can be made independently, to purchase in specialized outlets or take from acquaintances who are heated by coal. Fertilizer is consumed economically and can be kept for a long time.
- Protective properties. Coal ash is good vegetable prevention. When sprinkling ashes of soil around the plants, attacks of snails, slugs, ants, flies and whites are stopped.
- Prevent diseases caused by fungi. For this, the plants spray as a solid solution.
It is believed that coal combustion products are harmful to human organismTherefore, may contain heavy metals and radioactive elements. But plants with the presence of these elements develop quite actively. This opinion is true in part. The accumulation of harmful substances in the tissues of the plant is possible when the level of making such fertilizer in the ground is exceeded, that is, if you make more than 5% of the total soil.
Coal derivatives are used everywhere and have an agricultural significance for the farmers of many countries. Unlike wood, it contains a greater number of calcium, sodium and copper salts and less - potassium and phosphate. Therefore, coal combustion products are indispensable when the soil is introduced into the acidified areas to normalize their acidity, especially when disembarking and. Polenic cultures from such fertilizer are saturated with copper, which is opposed to phytoofluorosis.
When complying with the norms of carbon ash and not overdo it in this case, the accumulation of harmful substances is observed, and therefore it is not able to damage the human body.
More information can be found from the video: