When does evening begin? Evening time according to the labor code

Can every adult define what a day is? If you think about it, we often use this word only for the time when we are awake, equating them to the day. But this is not true. It will take very little time to sort this issue out once and for all.

What do the reference book and dictionary say about this?

If you look into them, you will find several interpretations of this word. And the first answer to the question of what a day is is the following definition: a unit of time that is equal to the approximate value of the period of revolution of the planet Earth around its axis. Why approximate? Because it is not smooth, but has minutes and even seconds. To be precise, 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds. It is impossible to divide them into an even number of parts. And 24 hours is just a little short.

But the theory does not stop there. It turns out that a day can be solar and sidereal, planetary and used in civil life.

In order to determine what a day is, you will need to select any point in time and count 24 hours from it. Usually the counting of the day begins with sunrise, although it is more convenient to count from midnight. That is, from the hour when a new calendar day begins.

How is the day divided?

First, into 24 equal parts. From here the answer to the question logically follows: Exactly 24. Each of them consists of 60 minutes. This means there are 1440 minutes in a day. But that's not all, the latter are divided into seconds. Their number turns out to be 86,400.

Secondly, there is also such a thing as time of day. In other words, morning, afternoon, evening and night. Here the division is no longer as clear as in the previous paragraph. This is due to the subjective perception of the day by each person and different peoples. And technical development has erased the boundaries between the concepts of “morning” and “day”. If earlier morning came with sunrise, because only then could one begin to work on the street, now, with the use of artificial street lighting, work on fresh air at least at night.

And yet technological progress and the ability to communicate with people different countries demanded the introduction of a single division. Therefore, the time of day according to the clock became like this:

from midnight to 6 o'clock - night;
the next six hours are morning;
6 hours in the afternoon - day;
the last six hours are evening.

What divisions of the day were there in the past?

The Arab peoples, for example, highlighted the following moments in the development of the day:

dawn;
Sunrise;
the time of its movement across the sky;
entry;
twilight;
the time when there is no sun in the sky, that is, night.

The next thing in the day is dawn, another name for it is dawn. It precedes the sunrise. That is, during it it is already dawn, but the sun is still hidden behind the horizon.

The third period is sunrise. It is associated with the direct appearance of the luminary in the sky.

The culmination of the sun's movement is associated with next time day - noon. Toward evening comes the time that is commonly called “before dark.” By analogy with the term “dark,” this is the period when it is still light.

Sunset refers to the time when the sun disappears below the horizon. Immediately after sunset, semi-darkness sets in, which is commonly called twilight.

What's bigger than a day?

It is logical that week, month and year. Therefore, after solving the question of what a day is, you will want to understand the definitions of other units of time.

The smallest of them is a week. It consists of seven days. The calendar starts from Monday and ends on Sunday. But it can be any sequence of seven consecutive days.

A slightly larger month. It contains from 28 to 31 days. The difference in this amount depends on the non-integer value of the lunar month, which is slightly more than twenty-eight days. Initially, the number of days in the months alternated and was either 30 or 31. And one, the last of the year - February - turned out to be the shortest. It had 29 days. But over time there have been small changes. One of the months - July - was named in honor of Julius Caesar (the emperor was born in this month). The ruler was replaced by Augustus. By the decision of the emperor, one of the summer months began to bear his name. The number of days in it was also changed to 31. It was decided to take it away from the month that was already the shortest. So, February became another day shorter.

The largest unit of time in the calendar was the year. And it also turned out to be not an integer. Therefore, its value ranges from 365 to 366. The first value is taken for common years, and the second corresponds to leap years. The latter make it possible for February to become somewhat longer. Namely, exactly for a day.

By law, the amount of additional payment for night work is set at no less than 20% of the salary or tariff rate, but in practice they usually pay an additional 40%. The fact is that until 2008, some Soviet-era regulations continued to be in force, and this payment figure appeared there. But let's look at the question in more detail.

From time immemorial, the rhythm of human life is such that the greatest activity occurs during the daytime. At night, there comes a period of recuperation, time for sleep and rest. Over many thousands of years of evolution, the body has adapted to this regime, determined by the change of day and night.

However, the current level of development of means of production does not allow us to abandon the use of human labor at night. Continuous production processes or long material processing cycles require constant human presence at any time of the day.

At the same time, night work requires increased effort from a person in order to maintain the intensity of work similar to daytime work. Therefore, labor legislation provides a number of guarantees and compensations for night workers. And you need to be able to use these compensations.

When does the night start?

Article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines night time. They consider the time from 22 o'clock to 6 o'clock. The duration of work (shift) at this time is reduced by 1 hour and is not subject to work. But: if the employment contract provides for a reduced work time or working on a night shift - the duration of the shift is not reduced.

Therefore, the employer always tries to determine in advance employment contract the need for shift work. After all, if this is not stipulated, the night shift should automatically be shortened by an hour. And this leads to a loss of labor productivity and an increase in the cost of goods or services.

How much to pay extra

The specific amount of this additional payment should be determined by the employer himself. However, its size cannot be less than 20% of the salary and hourly tariff rate. This is determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2008 No. 554.

Sometimes you can read in the comments to publications or hear opinions from lawyers that the Labor Code refers specifically to increased wages, and not additional pay for night time. This is interpreted in such a way that it is necessary to establish some special “night tariff rates”. However, the mechanism for implementing increased wages is not defined in the Labor Code, which means the employer can choose it independently.

The only limitation is that you cannot set bonuses for working at night (without paying an additional payment), since bonuses are considered incentive payments. And the additional payment for night work is a compensation payment.

Legacy of bygone times

Sometimes questions are asked about the concept of “evening” time. Currently it is not used in labor legislation. Until 2011, Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of February 12, 1987 N 194 “On the transfer of associations, enterprises and organizations of industry and other sectors” had legal force National economy to multi-shift operation in order to increase production efficiency.”

This resolution determined that an additional payment of 20% of the tariff rate was established for work in the evening. However, in 2011 it was declared invalid (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 28, 2011 No. 332).

Thus, the employer has no obligation to set an increased salary for evening work. Although it should be noted that in some collective agreements This type of payment exists and continues to operate.

But the financing of this type of payment in this case comes from the profit of the enterprise, since there are no legal grounds or other evidence of the economic feasibility of such an additional payment, this should be taken into account.

Some features of calculating additional payments

Article 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation directly states that every hour of work at night is paid at an increased rate. Therefore, the employer needs to establish and fix in the Regulations on Remuneration or other local act the amount of increased payment precisely at one o'clock.

Accordingly, the administration must ensure separate accounting of night hours worked by each employee. This will be required both for the ease of calculating surcharges and for providing necessary information at the request of regulatory authorities. For example, during an inspection by a labor inspectorate (scheduled or at the request of an employee).

The employer must take into account what is whole line categories of workers who cannot be involved in night work. All of them are listed in Article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

There is also a category of workers who can be involved in night work only with their written consent (also see Article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, these employees must be informed in writing of the possibility of their refusal to work at night.

When calculating additional payment for night work to piece workers, the procedure for applying it remains the same as for time workers. That is, the number of hours worked at night is calculated and the amount of additional payment is calculated. It is worth considering that hourly wage rates for piece workers should be established that correspond to the type of work they perform.

Calculation example

The employee works on a shift schedule. Shift duration is 8 hours.

1st shift from 8:00 to 16:00

2nd shift from 16:00 to 00:00

3rd shift from 00:00 to 8:00

There are no night hours on the 1st shift. On the 2nd shift, the number of night hours is 2 (from 22:00 to 00:00). And on the 3rd shift there are 6 night hours (from 00:00 to 6:00).

Using these initial data, it is easy to calculate the number of night hours for any work schedule.

For example, tariff rate is 50 rubles per hour, and the surcharge for night hours is 20% (that is, 10 rubles).

The employee worked 5 days in each shift for a month. Then the amount of payment for time worked will be:

15 shifts * 8 hours * 50 rub. + 5 shifts * 2 hours * 10 rub. + 5 shifts * 6 hours * 10 rub. = 6400 rub.

It should be noted that this additional payment should be subject to a bonus and a regional coefficient or northern bonus, since it is an increased payment for night time worked.

When the morning ends and the day begins

In fact, it’s hard to say for sure when the morning begins. There are a lot of definitions - folk, astronomical, official - and each of them in its own way defines the boundaries between times of day. Some people generally use a simple principle “When I woke up, then it was morning”, so it turns out that for some, morning is five o’clock in the evening.

And in many English-speaking (and not only) countries it is generally customary to use 12 hour clock, and divide the day into only two periods - before noon (a.m., ante meridiem) and after noon (p.m., post meridiem). It is not customary for them to use descriptive constructions (although this does not mean that they do not use them at all), so the problem of dividing the time of day remains.

From what time and until what time does the day, night, morning or evening last?

In fact, it’s definitely how long morning is considered, when morning begins, it’s hard. There are a lot of definitions - folk, astronomical, official - and each of them in its own way defines the boundaries between times of day. Some people generally use the simple principle “When you wake up, then it’s morning,” so it turns out that for some, morning is five o’clock in the evening.

How to correctly divide 24 hours into the morning I agree with Nikita Galayko’s answer above! I asked myself this question back in school. In one of the many books on etiquette I found exactly this division: from 0.00 to 6.00, from 6.00 to 12.00, from 12.00 to 18.00, from 18.00 to 0.00. I don’t know if everyone adheres to this “theory” and how correct it is.

What time is it evening?

Most of us live in apartment buildings and have to put up with rather poor sound insulation. Such audibility haunts loud music, noisy quarrels, and the sounds of repairs. But do not rush to spoil relations with your neighbors by trying to explain your attitude to what is happening behind their doors. There are rules according to which own apartment You can make noise, but within a certain time frame. Let's find out when this won't result in liability.

Until a person began to use artificial lighting, morning began with sunrise and evening with sunset. The length of daylight hours determined the length of the “working” day. Some people still use this distinction, but the times of dawn and sunset shift depending on the time of year - the division of the time of day is too unclear. In addition, it is not clear how to draw the line between evening and night, morning and day. That is, it is clear when the morning begins, but it is impossible to objectively determine when it ends and the day begins.

What time does the evening start?

Secondly, there is also such a thing as time of day. In other words, morning, afternoon, evening and night. Here the division is no longer as clear as in the previous paragraph. This is due to the subjective perception of the day by each person and different nations. And technical development has erased the boundaries between the concepts of “morning” and “day”. If earlier morning came with sunrise, because only then could one start working outside, now, with the use of artificial street lighting, one can work in the fresh air even at night.

Leonida 10/05/2009 21:32: Sorry, but the day before - that is. Tuesday and Friday evenings? What time does the evening start? And one more thing: to abstain by consent - but my husband is not a believer, he doesn’t understand this at all and only gets irritated every time, but at the same time I want to adhere to fasting. What should I do?

How loud can you make noise?

At a meeting of the Yamal parliament, deputies introduced changes to the regional law on administrative offenses. As the press service of the Legislative Assembly of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug explained to Nakanune.RU, the changes affected the article providing for administrative liability for committing actions that violate the peace and quiet of citizens.

After the Moscow Region Law of March 7, 2014 No. 16/2014-OZ “On Ensuring Silence in the Moscow Region” came into force, fines for non-compliance with silence increased significantly. In addition, to the ban on carrying out work at night and on weekends, there was added a ban on carrying out work at lunchtime - from 13 to 15 hours.

From what time and until what time do they sell alcohol in the Russian Federation?

areas of collective farm and other markets where wholesale and retail trade is carried out;
strategic and military facilities;
stadiums, ski resorts and other sports facilities;
railway, air, river and bus stations;
industrial facilities, including those potentially dangerous to others;
places where a large number (over a hundred people) of people gather (demonstrations, rallies, etc.);
at a certain distance from educational institutions(preschool, school and professional);
healthcare institutions, including those used for spa treatment.

Local authorities have the right to establish a distance around the specified places where a ban on the sale of “strong” drinks is introduced. It is expected that interested parties will be able to familiarize themselves with the decisions made on this issue on the official websites of municipalities.

Who studies at the evening, for whom, when does it start? Or why people always do things for themselves

When talking with management, you can try to move the working day by an hour, i.e. work with 8. Can you come earlier?
Try and go through the options. Our girl wanted to quit university - she couldn’t keep up with work. However, I talked to whoever I could and resolved the issue. I came to classes every other time and turned in everything on time. I didn’t change my job either. I just moved up my schedule and agreed to go out on weekends.

What time do you start working? Apparently, at 10, if you finish at 7 (like me, actually:) - then you can’t work from 8 to 5? You'll be late, but anything is better than nothing. It also depends on the status of the university and on the specialty - it’s one thing to study somewhere in Baumanka or at the State University Higher School of Economics, and quite another thing to study at a paid university to become a tourism manager.

05 Aug 2018 298

“We’ll see you tomorrow morning”, “we’ll call you in the morning”... We use such phrases quite often, only then it often turns out that everyone’s morning begins and ends at different time. How much time can really be considered morning?

Until man began to use artificial lighting, morning began with sunrise, and evening began with sunset. The length of daylight hours determined the length of the “working” day. Some people still use this distinction, but the times of dawn and sunset shift depending on the time of year - the division of the time of day is too unclear. In addition, it is not clear how to draw the line between evening and night, morning and day. That is, it is clear when the morning begins, but it is impossible to objectively determine when it ends and the day begins.

In addition, each language has its own set expressions related to time of day. For example, in Russian they say “two o’clock in the morning,” but in most cases they say “four o’clock in the morning,” that is, four o’clock is already morning, although in winter it may still be dark outside the window at this time. But, unfortunately, such descriptive constructions do not help to clearly distinguish between morning and day, evening and night: it happens that someone is used to saying “three o’clock in the morning,” and someone is used to saying “three o’clock in the morning.”

So it turns out that every country, and even every person has his own subjective perception of time of day, associated with the customs of the country and one’s own daily routine. For example, most office workers morning is associated with the beginning of the working day, afternoon with the lunch break, and evening with the end of the working day.

But still, is it possible to somehow bring this into unified system , and distinguish between the times of day in order to clearly understand when the morning begins and ends? This way a lot of misunderstandings could be avoided!

In the majority European countries A single division of the day is accepted. According to this division, the day is divided into four equal intervals of six hours each. It turns out that the times of day are distributed as follows:

from 0 to 6 o'clock - night
from 6 to 12 o'clock - morning
from 12 to 18 o'clock - day
from 18 to 24 hours - evening

It is reasonable to use such a system, for example, when business communication, when you need to be 100% sure that the morning of the customer and the contractor coincides: it happens that the contractor is sure that he sent the work to the customer in the morning, as agreed, but at that time it is already day for the customer. And how will you understand who is right and who is wrong if everyone judges by their own criteria? This is why we need a pan-European system - so as not to wonder “When does the morning end and the day begin?”