The lesson was taught in a classroom with children who have enough level knowledge, skills and abilities, with formed cognitive interest. When developing the lesson, I tried to take into account the following characteristics of students:
The need for cognitive activity,
Willingness to perform a variety of tasks, especially developmental ones individual abilities students
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Ways of expressing additions. Direct and indirect object.
Target: activate previously acquired knowledge about additions, expand the concept of ways to express additions (infinitive, whole phrase); developing the ability to determine ways of expressing additions in writing, develop the ability to see and highlight direct and indirect objects.
Tasks:
educational:teach to see the distinctive properties of the secondary members of a sentence from the main ones; teach to determine which parts of a sentence are this or that word form; emphasize on difficult cases complement expressions: (distinguish the nominative from the accusative, the infinitive - complement from the predicate infinitive);
Educational : formation of communication skills in students; formation of moral positions of students;
developing : development of speech culture, independent thinking, research skills.
Methods and forms of training: partially search, independent work using ICT, individual, work in pairs.
Lesson type : learning new material.
Equipment : cards with task and text, presentation, video projector
During the classes:
Stage 1 Organizational moment. Motivation for learning activities.
Questions about oblique cases
You already know without a doubt.
If you ask them without delay,
You will immediately find... ADDENDUM.
Indeed, today in class we will be reviewing addition.
But let's start the lesson by checking your homework.
Stage 2 Updating knowledge and trial educational action.
1.Checking the house. ass. (there are 3 people at the board - individual work using cards)
2. exercise 160; syntactic analysis of SS. – commenting
The class writes down combinations of words: name SS with a subordinating connection. Work in pairs.
Word and deed, to kick the bucket, continued to study, near the fortress, a dewy meadow, adopt a resolution.
What can you say about other combinations?
3.Linguistic warm-up. (3 slide) Specify the method subordinating connection.
Write down the answer to the riddle.
By variety (we alternate riddles)
What visual device is the basis of riddles? 3rd slide.
The bone back, hard bristles, makes friends with the soft paste, serves us diligently.
(Toothbrush)(adj.+noun)
Gold coins fall from a branch.
(Yellow leaves) (adj.+noun)
Two mothers have five sons.
(Fingers) (noun + noun with prev.)
Wide, not the sea, gold, not money,
Today on the ground, and tomorrow on the table.
(Wheat field) (noun + noun)
1c - toothbrush, fingers; 2nd century - yellow leaves, wheat field)
4.Ind. check work at the board.
1st card. Write vocabulary words from the frames from memory. (pp. 57-77 - from homework) Write lexical meaning the word RESOLUTION (decree, decision), make an SS with this word according to the scheme: ch (ch. word). + noun V.p. (adopt a resolution)
2nd card. Parsing sentences: A parable is a figurative story often used in the Bible and Gospel to present instructive truths. Place punctuation marks.
3rd card. Mother, who knew the customs by heart, always tried to shove the unfortunate book away. Syntactic analysis of the sentence. Write out the SS with the subordinating connection control.
5. Frontal survey:(checking advanced homework - paragraph 16)
Which parts of the sentence are called minor?
List the minor members of the sentence (examples from the sentence on the board)
In what ways are minor members connected to others in a sentence?
What is a supplement? Name the SS according to the scheme of Ch. +noun V.p from the vocabulary dictation (adopt a resolution) - entry ss.
Stage 2. Setting a learning task.
1.So, determine the goals and objectives of the lesson...
Our task is...to expand and deepen the understanding of the secondary member of the sentence - the complement.
Summarize existing knowledge and pay attention to new facts,
learn to determine:
Additions are direct and indirect;
Ways of expressing additions. Let's formulate the topic of the lesson. Let's write down the wording of the topic.
(1st slide)
Stage 3. Collaborative exploration of the problem.
Theory: paragraph 16, page. 75 - according to plan.
What new information about the add-on did you learn from paragraph 16?? What caused you difficulty?
What additions are called direct?
What case, besides V., can be expressed direct object?
In which cases? Which additions are indirect?
Direct and indirect additions. Reading paragraph paragraph. Comparison with table.
Slide 4
Stage 4. Implementation of the constructed project.
Sometimes there are difficulties in determining the forms of nouns if the accusative form of the object expressed by the noun coincides with the nominative case form of the subject. (Checking the assignment on the board – proofreaders)
The word order is straight, the subject comes first. Now let's reverse the word order.
Task “Proofreaders”:3 cards – checks the class.
1. Correct spelling errors, underline additions in the following sentences and indicate the case:
The expedition crossed the valley. - 1st row
The storm covers the sky with darkness. -2nd row
Birch trees will flood the sun (into their braids) - 3rd row
What should you do to determine the addition in the text? (highlight grammatical basis.)
- Okay, what did you do next? (They isolated phrases and asked a question from the main word to the dependent one)
- And what was the last thing you did or had to do? (If the question is indirect cases, then this is an addition, if not, then this is another minor member offers).
2.The teacher shows slide 5.
Highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence.
Find phrases.
Ask a question from the main word to the dependent one.
If the question is indirect case, then this is an addition, we underline it with a dotted line, we write the case above the word; if there are other questions, then this is another minor member of the sentence.
Stage 4 Collaborative exploration of the problem.
Difficult cases of determining the case forms of nouns.
How to distinguish the form of I.p. and V.p?
Task "Proofreaders"
Word order is straight: the subject comes first.
Now let's reverse the word order. (3rd sentence)
The sun braids the birches.
Conclusion:
Sometimes there are difficulties in determining the forms of nouns if the accusative form of the object expressed by the noun coincides with the nominative case form of the subject. (Task “Proofreaders”)
5 stage. Primary consolidation.
Exercise 166 1c – 3-4; 2v -6-7 (following the example) reasoning algorithm
2. Slide 6
1st part - task: identify grammatical basics and additions
(read Gospel of Matthew 7; 21-27)
Let us now think about what Jesus Christ meant by “home”, what is “home” for each of us?
Our life.
Anyone who has seen how a house is built knows that the deeper and firmer its foundation, the stronger it will be, the better it will withstand storms, winds and floods.
But what about a person in his Everyday life is meant by “rain, winds, storms”?
Troubles, misfortunes, grief, illness, poverty...
Yes. In life, a person has to struggle with disasters and dangers, and only then will he stand against them if he establishes his life on a solid, unshakable foundation. And what should become the foundation of our home - our life, according to the teachings of Jesus Christ?
Faith, love.
2 var. - backside : in each sentence (simple and complex) find the grammatical basis (bases) and addition.
Slide 6. “Everyone who hears My words and does them is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. And the rain fell, and the rivers overflowed, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it did not fall, because it was founded on rock.
But everyone who listens to My words and does not do them is like a foolish man who built his house on sand. And the rain fell, and the rivers overflowed, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell, and its fall was great.”
3. Physical exercise - slide 7
And now everyone sat down straight,
They raised their eyes to the ceiling,
Hands up, forward, back -
Here's a warm-up for the guys! (sideways) 2 times
STAGE 6. Independent work with checking against the standard
What parts of speech can express an addition?
(any part of speech in the meaning of a noun)
Examples from the textbook (paragraph 16)
Slide 8
Fill out the table, determining which parts of speech express the additions - write out SS (talk + add.)
work in pairs (slide 9)
Big ones can do anything. 1 Adj.
Eight is not divisible by five without a remainder. 2 Num.
We remember the dead... 3 verses.
Who sang “about beauty far away”? 4 people
He asked Mary to sing. 5 Inf.
He warmed up Bezrodny and brought him into his family. 6 App.
The dog understood my “ugh!” perfectly. 7 Int.
I saw several fishermen on the sea. 8 Whole name.
I saw a girl with a blind man.
Conclusion: except noun. and places. The addition can be expressed by other parts of speech in the meaning of a noun: adjective, number, parable, adverb, interjection, n. f. verb. And also an indivisible combination.
The infinitive object answers the questions of indirect cases:
Asked (about what?) to sit down
Stage 7. Designing a new way of action.
Problematic question: how to distinguish the roles of the infinitive?
slide 10
Infinitive – object And the verb in Personal form denotes the actions of different persons Pugachev ordered (what?) to execute Explanation: Pugachev ordered, but others will execute I told the coachman to go - I ordered, and the coachman must go. I ask you to wait (I ask, but you must wait) Infinitive - object depends on the predicate N.F. can be replaced with a noun: Agreed to meet - agreed to meet | GHS Vladimir began to worry. He stopped smiling. Lisa decided to help her sister. The infinitive refers to the same subject of action as the verb. In the sentence it is part of the GHS. |
STAGE 8. Transition to the stage of solving particular problems
Slide 11
Find phrases in which there is an error in the use of preposition and noun case, correct it:
a) I miss you
b) did not respond to the call
c) think about the question
d) pay for travel
From the essays! Correct mistakes..Work at the board using cards.
She began to distance herself from her peers. Peter was worried about Masha’s illness. Pugachev attracted the sympathy of those around him. With her seriousness and love of books, Tatyana stood out sharply among the girls.
Slide 12 The class works on the table orally. Variable designs
Choose nouns for these words. Indicate direct objects. 1st century Faith (in what?) Dress (who? what?) Review (of something) Pay (for what?) for Come to school |
Direct addition An object expressed in the accusative case without a preposition and dependent: a) from a transitive verb (write a statement, give advice); b) from some words of the condition category (sorry for the girl, it hurts her arm). The genitive case form can act as a direct object: a) with transitive verbs with negation (not to like music, not to notice mistakes); b) with some words, categories of state (sorry for lost time).
Dictionary-reference book linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .
See what a “direct complement” is in other dictionaries:
See oggetto diretto... Five-language dictionary of linguistic terms
direct addition Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
direct addition- A type of morphologized addition used with transitive verbs and denoting the object to which the action is directly directed and which is completely covered by the action. D.p. expressed: 1) accusative case without... ... Syntax: Dictionary
Addition- Complement is a member of a sentence, expressed by a noun and denoting an object (object), reflecting the action of a verbal attribute or serving as its instrument. There is a distinction between direct and indirect objects. Direct object means... ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary
ADDENDUM, additions, cf. (book). 1. Action under Ch. complement complement. He was involved in adding and correcting old articles for the collection. || A part added to clarify or correct what was previously written. In the new circular... ... Dictionary Ushakova
STRAIGHT, oh, oh; straight, straight, straight, straight and straight. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
ADDENDUM, I, Wed. 1. see add. 2. What n. added, addition. D. to the resolution. In d. (in addition to nothing else). Additions to clothing (ties, belts, scarves, bags, jewelry). 3. In grammar: minor member of a sentence... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
This term has other meanings, see Appendix. An addition in syntax is a minor member of a sentence, expressed by a noun or pronominal noun. Supplement denotes a thing or person that is the object of... ... Wikipedia
Complement (syntax) is a minor member of a sentence, expressed by a noun or pronominal noun, which names the person or thing that is the object of the action called the predicate. There is a direct object without a preposition... ... Wikipedia
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A complement is a minor member of a sentence, denoting the object to which the action is directed, which is the result of the action or its instrument. The addition answers questions about indirect cases. Additions are usually expressed by nouns and pronouns: Yegorushka looked (at whom?) at the sentries (Ch.); The heat and the boredom of the steppe tired (who?) him (Ch.). In addition, additions can be expressed by any part of speech that can be used in the meaning of a noun. For example: by participle - Let's forget what happened between us (G.); adjective - Both then we chatted empty air (N.); interjection - Varka lies on the stove, does not sleep and listens to her father’s “boo-boo-boo” (Ch.). As a supplement it can be indefinite form
verb: Koldoba ordered the partisans to scatter throughout the catacombs and not to stay in crowds (Paust.) - and an indecipherable phrase: I saw many countries, walking with a rifle in my hand (Isak.).
An object is called direct if it refers to a transitive verb and is in the accusative case without a preposition. For example: Deniska decisively took (what?) the pie (Ch.).
All other additions, that is, additions expressed by all indirect cases and accusative with prepositions, are called indirect. For example, the Fishermen shook their heads in surprise (Paul); ... Sophia began to tell her mother about her revolutionary work (M. G.).
Exercise 520. Rewrite. Find the additions and determine how they are expressed. What kind of additions are these - direct or indirect?
1. Large, fluffy snow was falling and painted the pavement, horse backs, and cab drivers’ hats white (Ch.). 2. Kashtanka ran back and forth and did not find the owner (Ch.). 3. She [Kashtanka] smelled the stranger’s clothes and boots and found that they smelled very much like a horse (Ch.). 4. She [Kashtanka] saw something unexpected and terrible (Ch.).
- Yashka hammered in the racks for the boiler with a stone, and Dergach himself cleared the crossbar of branches (Hyde.). 6. Throwing off his overcoat, he took a crowbar from under the cart and called the guys (Bab.). 7. Sergei spoke about the construction of the power plant and the electrification plan (Bab.). 8. What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an ax (ate). 9. Valentina understood Andrei better than himself (G. Nik.).
1. Satisfied with the festive dinner, the neighbor sniffles in front of his neighbor (P.). 2. Flowers are the last mile of the luxurious firstborn of the fields (P.).
- Just once Pechorin persuades me to go wild boar with him (L.).
- She [Kashtanka] remembered Luka Alexandrovich, his son Fedyushka, a cozy place under the workbench... She remembered that in long winter evenings When the carpenter was planing or reading a newspaper aloud, Fedyushka usually played with it (Ch.). 5. I return Gorlenko’s letter with a big thank you (Ch.). 6. At such moments he became unattainable, to match the majestic portraits of Franklin and Lomonosov (Gran.).
1. [The sea] breathed a damp salty aroma and sounded tenderly, splashing against the sides of the ships, on the shore, slightly rocking the boat Chelkaiya (M. G.). 2. And all the birds sang, and everyone felt so at ease, everyone felt that a passionate desire for life and happiness was born in their hearts (M. G.). 3. Far beyond the sea, at sunrise, there is a country of a big river... (M. G.). 4. Oleinik received a hand-knitted sweater and gloves (Bub.). 5. Every morning we went to the rise of the destroyer (Paust.).
- He proved that flooding the catacombs does not produce results (Paust.).
- Before the start of the morning meeting, Krylov was called to the long-distance telephone (Gran.).
Sample. A memory (of whom?) of a friend (cf.: to remember a friend); shadow (what?) from the fire; sandwich (which one? and with what?) with sausage.
A song about a bird, a story about youth, thoughts about life, a thought about a grandson, memories of a village, words about spring, a shadow from the shore, hope for earnings, a rope of straw, a shot from a revolver, pyramids made of plywood, an overcoat made of cloth, a basket of coal, a stained face, a sandwich with cheese, the beat of a drum, a word for the soul, parking places, fear of fate, work on the construction of a harbor, work on raising a boat.
Addition. Types of additions and ways of expressing them.
A complement is a minor member of a sentence, usually expressing object relations. Οʜᴎ answer questions that coincide with questions of indirect cases.
Meaning. The meaning of an object is the most striking sign of a complement. In this case, the addition can express other meanings (subject, instrument of action, state): The teacher has set a task(teacher– subject of action in the passive context); He's sad (he's- subject of the state).
Means of expression. Morphologized object - a noun in the form of an indirect case, a pronoun. The unmorphologized complement must be expressed various parts speeches: You're talking idle talk(adjective); He didn't understand what he read ( participle); I learned to play the violin(infinitive); I managed to see something dark, small(indivisible phrase); The commander did not particularly respect the weaker sex ( FE).
Position in a sentence. The addition is usually located after the word being distributed. In this case, inversion of additions in colloquial or poetic speech is possible.
Syntactic connection. The main type of subordinating connection between an addition and the main word is control (less often, adjacency) or free attachment to the entire predicative center (determinant). Most complements refer to one word, ᴛ.ᴇ. are non-deterministic. Only some semantically obligatory additions act as determinants: It's both painful and funny to him.
In relation to the semantic content of the sentence. Additions are semantically obligatory components of a sentence: He is in a cheerful mood.
Non-deterministic complements differ based on which word in the sentence they refer to, ᴛ.ᴇ. what parts of speech control them.
1. The most common and widespread are verb complements, since many verbs name an action that presupposes a particular object: build a house, build for workers, tell a friend, tell about an incident, chop with an ax.
2.Adjective additions. Οʜᴎ are rarely used, since only high-quality adjectives have the ability to manage, and not all of them: We lived in an ore-rich region. The region is poor in forests.
3.Adjuncts can refer to nouns. These are substantive additions. There are also few of them, since the complement should be used only with an abstract noun formed from a transitive verb or from a qualitative adjective. This means that in the phrase dress sleeve, house roof The relations are not objective, but attributive, since the distributed nouns are non-verbal. But in the phrase treatment of patients object relations. The common noun is formed from a strongly controlled direct transitive verb treat. If the noun refers to a strongly controlled but intransitive verb, then the addition acquires a defining connotation and syncretism appears: passion for music, thinking about my son.
4.Additions may refer to words in the status category: I felt sorry for Bela (Lermontov).
5.Additions can also apply to adverbs: far from home.
Types of add-ons. Traditionally, additions are divided into direct and indirect. The direct object expresses the meaning of the object to which the action directly passes. It must be expressed by a noun or pronoun in the accusative case without a preposition: I read a book and saw a horse. At the same time, the direct object must be expressed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case without a preposition with a negative predicate - a transitive verb: I haven't read this novel. And also a noun in the genitive case, expressing the meaning of “part of the whole”: drink tea, bring firewood. The remaining additions are indirect.
There is some disagreement in the linguistic literature regarding the boundaries of the use of direct and indirect objects. Some believe that the division of objects into direct and indirect concerns only verbal objects (Skoblikova). Others believe that direct objects also occur with words of the state category ( sorry for him) Still others believe that direct ones can include both adjectival and substantive complements.
The addition expressed by the infinitive is extremely important to distinguish from the part of the GHS, ᴛ.ᴇ. subjective infinitive from objective: I start to tell, I can tell, I was afraid to tell - I told to tell, asked to tell, helped to tell. The infinitive object has its own LP. In LZ there is neither modal nor phase meaning. Activities are indicated by different verbs. Such additions are ϶ᴛᴏ objective infinitive. A subjective infinitive can also act as a complement when the subject of the action indicated by the complement coincides with the subject of the action of the verb being explained: agreed to correspond.
Addition. Types of additions and ways of expressing them. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Addition. Types of additions and ways of expressing them." 2017, 2018.
Addition
Addition - this is a minor member of the sentence that answers questions of indirect cases and denotes the object (subject) to which the action is directed or associated or (less often) in relation to which a qualitative attribute is manifested. Sometimes addition denotes the subject of an action or state (see translation agency). For example: The old man was catching fish with a seine (A. Pushkin); He was not at all inclined to humility and meekness (K. Chukovsky); I can’t sleep, there’s no fire... (A. Pushkin).
Add-ons, expressing the object of action, are used with verbs, as well as with nouns formed from them: deliver goods- cargo delivery; work on an article- working on the article.
Add-ons, naming an object in relation to which a qualitative attribute is manifested, are used with adjectives and nouns formed from them: faithful to duty- loyalty to duty; stingy in his movements- stinginess in movements.
Add-ons are divided into straight And indirect.
Direct addition - This addition, which depends on a transitive verb and is expressed by a noun or pronoun (as well as any part of speech used in the meaning of a noun) in the accusative case without a preposition: see picture, sing a song, fix the iron , write a letter , solve a problem , seehis , meet a friend .
Direct addition can also be expressed by a noun in the genitive case without a preposition. Genitive instead of the accusative it is used in two cases: 1) if there is a negative particle Not before transitive verb: felt joy- did not feel joy; heard voices- did not hear voices; 2) if the action does not transfer to the entire object, but only to a part: bought bread- of bread; drank water- water: ...The gun commander did not leave the firing position, he asked to bring him shells from the broken guns (V. Astafiev); Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me you sing the songs of sad Georgia... (A. Pushkin).
Direct addition denotes an object to which an action is directly directed, which can arise, be created or disappear, or be destroyed during the action: knit a sweater,write an essay, decorate a room, check a dictation, break a tree, demolish a house and so on.
Other additions are indirect, they express different relations of action or attribute to objects: I won't regret it about roses, withered with a light spring (A. Pushkin); Aksinya remembered her youth and all her life, poor in joys (M. Sholokhov).
Add-ons can be expressed:
1) a noun in any indirect case with or without a preposition: With a golden ray the villagelilo (A. Maikov);
2) pronoun: I could never argue with them(M. Lermontov);
3) cardinal number: Divide thirty-six by two;
4) any part of speech in the meaning of a noun: I ran to my grandmother and asked her about the forgotten (M. Gorky);
5) infinitive: Everyone asked her to sing something (M. Lermontov);
6) syntactically integral phrases and phraseological units (the same as the subject): The hunters killed seventeen snipe (L. Tolstoy).