Make a powerful shocker. Homemade stun gun. Instructions and diagram on how to assemble a stun gun with your own hands

Specifications of homemade stun gun
- voltage across the electrodes - 10 kV,
- pulse frequency up to 10 Hz,
- voltage 9 V. (battery "Krona"),
- weight no more than 180 gr.

Device design:

The device is a high-voltage voltage pulse generator connected to electrodes and placed in a dielectric material housing. The generator consists of 2 series-connected voltage converters (Scheme in Fig. 1). The first converter is an asymmetrical multivibrator with transistors VT1 and VT2. It is turned on with the SB1 button. The load of the transistor VT1 is the primary winding of the transformer T1. The pulses taken from its secondary winding are rectified by the VD1-VD4 diode bridge and charge the battery of storage capacitors C2-C6. The voltage of the capacitors C2-C6, when the SВ2 button is turned on, is the supply for the second converter on the VS2 trinistor. The charge of the capacitor C7 through the resistor R3 to the switching voltage of the dinister VS1 leads to the switching off of the trinister VS2. In this case, the bank of capacitors C2-C6 is discharged to the primary winding of the transformer T2, inducing a high voltage pulse in its secondary winding. Since the discharge is of an oscillatory nature, the polarity of the voltage on the C2-C6 battery is reversed, after which it is restored due to overdischarge through the primary winding of the T2 transformer and the VD5 diode. When the capacitor C7 is recharged again to the switching voltage of the dinister VD1, the SCR VS2 is turned on again and the next high voltage pulse is formed at the output electrodes.

All elements are installed on a foil-coated fiberglass board, as shown in Fig. 2. Diodes, resistors and capacitors are installed vertically. The body can be any box of suitable size made of material that does not allow electricity to pass through.

The electrodes are made of steel needle up to 2 cm long - for access to the skin through human clothing or animal hair. The distance between the electrodes is at least 25 mm.

The device does not need adjustment and works flawlessly only with correctly wound transformers. Therefore, follow the rules for their manufacture: transformer T1 is made on a ferrite ring of standard size K10 * 6 * 3 or K10 * 6 * 5 made of ferrite grade 2000NN, its winding I contains 30 turns of PEB-20.15 mm wire, and winding II - 400 turns of PEV-20.1 mm. The voltage across its primary winding should be 60 volts. The T2 transformer is wound on a frame made of ebonite or plexiglass with an inner diameter of 8 mm, an outer diameter of 10 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a cheek diameter of 25 mm. The magnetic core is a segment from a ferrite rod for a magnetic antenna 20 mm long and 8 mm in diameter.

Winding I contains 20 turns of PELSH (PEV-2) wire - 0.2 mm, and winding II - 2600 turns of PEV-2 with a diameter of 0.07-0.1 mm. First, a winding II is wound on the frame, through each layer of which a lacquer cloth is placed (otherwise a breakdown may occur between the turns of the secondary winding), and then the primary winding is wound over it. The terminals of the secondary winding are carefully insulated and connected to the electrodes.

List of required items for self-assembly stun gun:
C1 - 0.047μF;
C2 ... C6 - 200μF * 50V;
C7 - 3300pF;
R1 - 2.7 kOhm;
R2 - 270 MOhm;
R3 - 1 MΩ;
VT1 - K1501;
VT2 - K1312;
VS1 - KH102B;
VS2 - KU111;
VD1 ... VD5 - KD102A;
VS1 and VS2 - P2K (independent, fixed).

Application:

In case of a perceived threat to your safety or in advance, press the VS1 button, after which the device starts charging, at this time there is no voltage on the electrodes yet.

After 1-2 minutes, the shock will be fully charged and ready for use. The state of readiness remains for several hours, then the battery gradually discharges.

The stun gun is an excellent weapon for self-defense. Today it can be bought by any individual who has turned 18 years old, it is quite legal! Shocker does not require additional documents from the buyer's side and its use is lawful. The stun gun is intended for active defense against robbers and hooligans, but it's not that simple. The fact is that the law of our country does not allow us, mere mortals, to carry stun guns with a power of more than 3 watts. The voltage of the shocker (arc length) does not matter and is intended only for the breakdown of clothing, from this it follows that a shocker with a voltage of several million volts in a difficult moment can be just a toy ... Really powerful shockers use only organs if you have "Police" shocker, you don't have to read this article, and I ask everyone else to warm up the soldering irons and prepare the parts for the device.

I present to your attention the design of a stun gun with a power of 7-10 watts (depending on the power source), which you can make with your own hands. The design was chosen as the easiest one so that even beginners can cope with it, the selection of parts and materials is also available for beginners.

The voltage converter is made according to the blocking generator scheme on one transistor, a reverse conduction field-effect transistor of the IRF3705 type is used, which allows squeezing "all the juices" from the power supply, IRFZ44 or IRL3205 transistors can also be used, there is almost no particular difference. Also, you need a 100 Ohm resistor with a power of 0.5-1 Watt (I used a 0.25 Watt resistor, but I strongly advise against repeating my mistake).

The final and most important element of the converter is the step-up transformer. For the transformer, a core from a switching power supply from a DVD player was used. First, we remove all the old windings from the transformer and wind new ones. The primary winding contains 12 turns with a tap from the middle, that is, first we wind 6 turns, then we do, we twist the wire and wind 6 more turns on the frame in the same direction, the diameter of the primary winding wire is 0.5 - 0.8 mm. After that we insulate the primary winding with 5 layers of transparent tape and wind the secondary one. Both the primary and secondary windings must be wound in the same direction. The secondary winding contains 600 turns of wire with a diameter of 0.08 - 0.1 mm. But we do not wind the wire in bulk, but using a special technology!
Every 50 turns we put insulation with adhesive tape (in 2 layers), so the transformer will be reliably protected from breakdowns in the high-voltage winding. A transformer wound using this technology does not need pouring, although just in case it can be filled epoxy resin... We solder a stranded insulated wire to the terminals of the secondary winding. It is advisable to install the transistor on a small aluminum heatsink.

After the converter is ready, it needs to be tested. To do this, we assemble a circuit without a high-voltage part, at the output of the transformer there must be a "burning current", if it is, then everything is working. Next, you need to solder the voltage multiplier. Ceramic capacitors have a capacity of 4700 picofarads, the capacity is not critical, the main thing is to choose capacitors with a voltage of at least 3 kilovolts. With a decrease in the capacitance of the capacitors, the frequency of the discharges increases, but the power of the shocker decreases, with an increase in the capacitance, the frequency of the impulses decreases, instead, the power of the shocker increases. The diodes in the multiplier need high-voltage KTs106 type, they can be obtained by breaking the multiplier of a Soviet TV or simply bought on the radio market.

Next, we connect the multiplier to the converter according to the circuit and turn on the shocker, the arc should be 1 - 2 cm (if you use all the ratings that are indicated in the circuit). The shocker makes loud bangs at a frequency of 300 - 350 Hertz.

As a power source, you can use lithium-ion batteries from mobile phones with a capacity of 600 mA or more, it is also possible to use nickel batteries with a voltage of 1.2 volts, four nickel-metal-hybrid batteries with a capacity of 650 mA were used in my design, due to a powerful field-effect transistor, the batteries operate under a strong load (close to short circuit), but nevertheless, their capacity is enough for 2 minutes of constant operation of the shocker, and this, you must agree, is a lot for such a compact and powerful stun gun!

Installation - carried out in any convenient plastic case (luckily I had a suitable case from the old Osa stun gun at hand). The high-voltage part of the circuit must be covered with silicone (for reliability). The bayonets will be a trimmed fork, nails, or a screw. The stun gun must be supplemented with a switch and a momentary button, this is necessary to avoid self-activation in the pocket.

In the end, a few words about the parameters of the shocker - the voltage across the arresters is over 10 kilovolts, the breakdown of clothes is 1.5 - 2 cm, the average power is 7 watts, the shocker is also supplemented with a built-in charger and LED flashlight, circuit charger taken from Chinese LED flashlight. The switch has three positions; the LED must be connected to the power source through a 10 Ohm resistor (so as not to burn the LED).

This shocker turned out to be quite compact due to the multiplier and is quite suitable for our beloved ladies. Compared to factory stun guns that are sold in stores, our shocker is much more powerful, and if you still want to raise the power, you can increase the power supply to 7.2 volts, because a lot also depends on the capacity of the batteries.

List of radioelements

Designation	A type	Denomination	Quantity	Note	My notebook
	MOSFET transistor	IRL3705N	1	IRFZ44 or IRL3205	Into notepad
	Diode	KC106B	2		Into notepad
	Resistor	100 ohm	1	0.5-1 Watt	Into notepad
	Capacitor	4700pF 5kV	2		Into notepad
SW1	Switch		1

Several simple options for proven and working diagrams of electroschkers made and designed by hand. Stun guns come in two basic configurations: straight and L-shaped. There is no reasonable evidence which form is better. Some prefer L-shaped ones, since it seems to them that it is easier to touch the enemy with such a shocker. Others choose straight, as giving maximum freedom of movement, relatively short or long, reminiscent of a police baton.

Each scheme of the stun gun and its design is considered in detail, described possible ways upgrades of ready-made devices.

It is associated not only with pain from electric shock. High voltage accumulated in the shock, upon contact of the arc with the skin is converted into an alternating voltage electrical voltage with a specially calculated frequency, forcing the muscles in the contact zone to contract extremely quickly. This abnormal overactivity of the muscles results in lightning-fast decomposition of the blood sugar that feeds the muscles. In other words, the muscles in the contact zone lose their working capacity for some time. Parallel impulses block activity nerve fibers by which the brain controls these muscles.

Among the popular means of self-defense, stun guns are far from last, especially in terms of the strength of the psychological and paralytic effect on the bandit. However, normal industrial designs are quite expensive, which pushes radio amateurs to make stun guns with their own hands.

R1 - 2.2kR2 - 91 OmR3 - 10 mOmR4 - 430 OmC1 - 0.1 x 600vC2 and C3 - 470pf x 25kvD1 - cd510D2,3,4 - d247
T1 - on a core Ш5х5 with a magnetic permeability M 2000 NN or a suitable ferrite ring. Winding I and II - 25 turns of 0.25 mm wire PEV-2 each. Winding III contains 1600 turns of wire PEV-2 with a diameter of 0.07 mm.
T2 on a K40x25x11 or K38x24x7 ring made of M2000 NN ferrite with a sawn-off gap of 0.8 mm. It is possible without a gap on the ring of pressed permalloy grades MP140, MP160. Winding I - 3 turns from wire PEV-2 with a diameter of 0.5 mm. Winding II - 130 turns from wire MGTF. The terminals of this winding should be separated as far as possible. After winding, the transformer must be impregnated with varnish or paraffin.

The scheme of the stun gun "Thunder"

The operation of the generator is checked by measuring the voltage at points "A". Then, by pressing the button, they achieve the appearance of a high-voltage discharge. Arrester contacts can be different designs: flat, sharp, etc. The distance between them is no more than 12 mm. 1000 Volts penetrates 0.5 mm of air.

The electrodes are made of steel needle up to 2 cm long - for access to the skin through human clothing or animal hair. The distance between the electrodes is at least 25 mm.

List of elements: C1 - 0.047μF; C2 ... C6 - 200μF * 50V; C7 - 3300pF; R1 - 2.7 kOhm; R2 - 270 MOhm; R3 - 1 MΩ; VT1 - K1501; VT2 - K1312; VS1 - KH102B; VS2 - KU111; VD1 ... VD5 - KD102A; VS1 and VS2 - P2K (independent, fixed).

Application: In case of a perceived threat to your safety or in advance, press the VS1 button after which the device starts charging, at this time there is no voltage at the electrodes.

After 1-2 minutes, the shock will be fully charged and ready for use. The state of readiness remains for several hours, then the battery gradually discharges.

At the moment when the danger is not in doubt, you need to touch the striker's bare skin and press the VS2 button.

Having received a series of high-voltage blows, the attacker is in a state of shock and horror for several minutes, and is not capable of active actions, which gives you a chance to either hide or neutralize the attacker.

The Mech-1 self-defense device is used against a bully or a robber. "Sword-1", when turned on, emits a loud siren sound, generates dazzling flashes of light, and touching it to open parts of the body leads to a strong electric shock (but not fatal!).

Description of the circuit diagram: A siren generator is made on the D1 microcircuit VT1-VT5 transistors. The multivibrator on the elements D1.1, D1.2 generates rectangular pulses with a period of 2-3 seconds, which, after integration by the chain R2, R5, R6, C2 through the resistor R7, modulate the resistance EK transistor VT1, which causes deviation of the frequency of the tone multivibrator on the elements D1.3, D1.4. The siren signal from the output of element D1.4 is fed to the output of the key power amplifier, assembled on transistors VT2-VT5 (composite, with a gain of? 750).

The voltage converter for powering the flash lamp and the electric discharge device is a blocking generator with an increased secondary winding, assembled on the elements VT6, T1, R12, C4. It converts 3V DC to 400V AC. Diodes VD1 and VD2 rectify this voltage, the capacitors of the electric spark gap C6, C7 and the flash capacitor C8 are charged. The capacitor of the flash ignition circuit C5 is charged at the same time. The H1 neon lamp lights up when the flash is ready. When the S3 button is pressed, the capacitor C5 is discharged through the primary winding of the transformer T2, while a voltage pulse of 5-10 kV appears on its secondary winding, igniting the VL1 flash lamp (flash energy 8.5 J.).

The Sword-1 is powered by 4 A-316 cells or from 4 CPU K-0.4 batteries 5. In this case, the voltage converter is turned on by switch S2, and the siren - S1.

Transformers

T1 - B18 armor core made of 2000NM ferrite (no gap). First, a turn-to-turn coil is wound on the frame by a step-up winding V-VI - 1350 turns of wire PEV-2 = 0.07mm with insulation with paraffin tissue paper every 450 turns. A double layer of paraffin paper is placed on top of the step-up winding, then the windings are wound: I-II - 8 turns of PEV-2 = 3mm III-IV - 6 turns of PEV-2 = 0.3mm It is permissible to use a core B14, made of 2000NM ferrites.
T2 - Rod core = 2.8mm L = 18mm from ferrite 2000NM. Brushes made of cardboard, PCB, etc. are attached to the core. material, then wrapped in two layers of varnished cloth. First, a step-up winding III-IV is wound - 200 turns of PELSHO = 0.1 mm (after 100 turns - insulation with two layers of varnished cloth). Then, on top of it, the primary winding I-II - 20 turns of wire PEV-2 = 0.3mm. Terminal 4 of the transformer is connected with a wire in good insulation (MGTF, etc.) to the ignition electrode of the VL1 flash lamp. When using parts indicated in brackets or other suitable ones, the dimensions of the device may increase.

Most of the Sword-1 parts are mounted on a single-sided printed circuit board (A1) made of foil-clad PCB glass. Resistors R4, R10, R11 are installed horizontally on the board, all the others are vertical. The diodes VD1, VD2 are soldered first, since they are located under the horizontally located transistor VT6.

Assembled without errors "Sword-1" does not need to be adjusted. Before turning on the power, you must carefully check the correct installation. After that, using the S1 switch, power is supplied to the siren and its operation is checked. Turning off the siren and turning on SA1, make sure that the voltage converter is working (a quiet whistle should appear). The trimmer R15 is used to ensure that the indicator lamp lights up when the voltage across the capacitor C8 = 340 volts.

Lack of generation or low output voltage indicate an incorrect inclusion of the windings of the transformer T1 or an interturn short circuit. In the first case, it is necessary to swap terminals 3 and 4 of the transformer. In the second case, rewind T1.

When the converter is running and the capacitor C8 is charged (the H1 indicator is on), pressing the S3 button will flash the VL1 flash lamp. There will be no flash when the terminals 1 and 2 of the T2 transformer are turned on again or when the turn-to-turn circuit is interrupted. You should swap the terminals, and if this does not help, rewind the transformer.

Structurally, "Sword-1" is made in a case of shock-resistant polystyrene with dimensions of 114x88x34 mm. At the end of the body there is a window for the reflector of the VL1 flash lamp and the spark gap electrodes (see figure). The arrester consists of an insulating base (plexiglass, polystyrene) 28 mm high and two metal electrodes XS1 and XS2 protruding 3 mm above it. The distance between the electrodes is 10 mm. Switches S1, S2 and button S3 are located on the side surface of the case, there is also the indicator peephole H1. The holes for the sound from the BA1 speaker are covered with a decorative grille.

The Sword device is a variant of the Sword-1 device and differs from the latter by the absence of a siren generator, powered by 2 А316 elements and smaller dimensions. The schematic diagram "Sword" is shown in fig. 2. The basis of the circuit is a voltage converter, which is completely identical to the "Mech-1" converter. Those elements "Sword", the designations of which on the diagram do not coincide with the diagram "Sword-1" - are given in the "Details" section in square brackets, before the designation of the elements "Sword-1". For example, VT6 KT863A (or KT829).

Here it is an element of the Sword circuit, and VT6 is the Sword-1 circuit.

The Sword parts are mounted on a printed circuit board. The batteries are located on the board between the spring metal contact plates.

The device case has dimensions of 98x62x28 mm. Location of electrodes, buttons, etc. similar to Sword-1.

Resistors (MLT-0.125) R1, R5, R7 - 100 Kom; R2 - 200 Kom; R3, R4 - 3.3 Kom; R6, R9 - 56 Kom; R8, R16 1.0 Mom; R10, R11 - 3.3 Kom; R12 - 300 om; R13 - 240 Kom; R14 - 510 Kom.

Building resistor R15 - SPZ-220 1.0 Mom.

Indicator H1 - IN-35 (any neon).

Dynamic head BA1 - 1GDSH-6 (any with R = 4-8 ohm power> 0.5 W).

Pulse lamp VL1 - FP2-0.015 with reflective (or IFK-120).

Capacitors C1, C2 - K50-6 16V 1.0 MKf; C3 - KT-1 2200 Pf; C4 - K50-1 50V 1 MKf; C5 - K73-24 250V 0.068 MKf; C6, C7 - K50-35 160V 22 MKF; C8 - K50-1.7 400V 150 MKF.

Chip D1 - K561LA7 (or K561LE5).

Diodes VD1, VD2 - KD105V (or KTs111A).

Transistors VT1 - KT315G; VT2, VT4 - KT973A; VT3, VT5 - KT972A; VT6 - KT863A (or KT829A).

Schematic diagram. A siren generator is assembled on the DD1 microcircuit. The oscillation frequency of the generator on DD1.3-DD1.4 changes smoothly. This change is set by the generator to DD1.1-DD1.2, VT1: VT4 - power amplifier. On transistors VT5-VT6, a converter is assembled to power the flash lamp. The generation frequency is about 15 kHz. VD1-VD2 - high voltage rectifier: C6 - storage capacitor. The voltage on it after charging is about 380 volts.

Construction and details.

Diodes KD212A can be replaced with KD226.

Instead of K561LA7, you can use the 564LA7, K561LN2 microcircuits, but with a change in the printed circuit board pattern.

KT361G can be replaced with KT3107 with any letter indices.

KT315G can be replaced by KT342, KT3102 with any letter indices.

Instead of 0.5 GDSH-1, you can install any one with a winding resistance of 4: 8 Ohm, it is advisable to choose small-sized ones with a higher efficiency.

Buttons MP7 or the like.

FP lamp - 0.015 - from the set for the camera<Эликон>; IFC80, IFC120 can be used, but they have large dimensions.

C1, C2 - grades K53-1, C3-C5 - grades KM-5 or KM-6, C7 - grades K73-17, C6 - grades K50-17-150.0 microfarads x 400 V. C5 is soldered to terminal R7.

Transformer Tr1 is made on an M2000NM armored ferrite core with an outer diameter of 22 mm, an inner diameter of 9 mm and a height of 14 mm, the number of winding turns: I - 2x2 turns of PEV-2-0.15; II - 2x8 turns of PEV-2-0.3; III - 500 turns of PEV-2-0.15. The order of winding windings III - II - I.

Tr2 is made on a core with a diameter of 3 mm, a length of 10 mm from the contour coils of the radio receiver: I winding - 10 turns of PEV-2-0.2; II - 600 turns of PEV-2 - 0.06. The order of winding windings II - I. All transformer windings are insulated with a layer of varnished cloth.

The length of the pin part of the arrester is about 20 mm, and the distance between the pins is the same.

VT5-VT6 transformers are fixed on a 15x15x2 copper plate.

The printed circuit board with parts is installed in a homemade polystyrene case.

Kn1: Kn3 buttons are fixed in a convenient place of the case.

1. Pressing the Kn1 button turns on the siren, which sounds with sufficient volume.

2. Pressing the Kn2 button and keeping it pressed for several seconds charge the storage capacitor, then you can:

a - by pressing the Kn3 button, get powerful flash light b - by touching bare electrodes<Р>to the bully's body to cause him an electric shock up to loss of consciousness.

The circuit usually starts working right away. The only operation that may be required is the selection of resistors R7, R8. At the same time, the minimum charging time of the capacitor C6 is achieved with an acceptable current consumption, which is within 1 A.

The device consumes a significant current during operation, therefore, after use, the batteries must be checked and, if necessary, replaced.

It is necessary to remember to observe safety measures during assembly and operation of the device - there is a high potential on the discharge electrodes of the arrester.

High-voltage generator (HV) consists of a powerful push-pull VT1, VT2 autogenerating converter (AP) 9-400 V; rectifier VD3-VD7; storage capacitor C; a discharge pulse shaper on a single-junction transistor VT3; switch VS n high-voltage pulse transformers T2a, T2b.

The pocket version of the VG is assembled on two printed circuit boards, placed one above the other with the components inside. T1 is made on the M1500NMZ 28x16x9 ring. The winding W2 is wound first (400 turns D 0.01) and carefully insulated. Then windings W1a, W1b are wound (10 turns D 0.5) and the base winding Wb (5 turns D 0.01). T2a (T2b) is made on a 400NN ferrite rod 8-10 cm long, D 0.8 cm. The rod is pre-insulated, a W2a (W2b) winding is wound over it, containing 800-1000 turns D 0.01 and carefully insulated. The windings W1a and W1b (10 turns D 1.0 each) are wound in antiphase. To prevent electrical breakdown, high-voltage transformers are filled with epoxy resin!

Optimization of parameters:

The charging power of the capacitor C is limited by the maximum power developed (for a short time!) By the power supply P = U1I1 (U1 = 9B, I1 = 1A), the maximum permissible average current VD3-VD7 I2 = CU2 / 2Tp and VT1-VT2 I1 = N1I2. The energy accumulated at the AP output E = CU22 / 2 is determined by the capacitance C (1-10 μF) with acceptable dimensions and operating voltage U2 = N1U1, N1 = W2 / W1.

The period of the discharge pulses Tr = RpCp must be greater than the constant charge Tg = RC.

R limits the impulse current of the AP I2u = U2 / R, I1u = N1I2u.

The voltage of the high-voltage pulse is determined by the ratio of the turns T2a (T2b) Uvu = 2n2U2, n2 = w2 / w1.

The smallest number of turns w1 is limited by the maximum impulse current VS Ii = U2 (2G / L) 1/2,

L - inductance w1a (w1b), the largest - electrical strength T2a, T2b (50 V per turn).

The peak power of the discharge depends on the speed of VS.

The modes of powerful elements are close to critical. Therefore, the operating time of the VG should be limited. It is allowed to turn on the VG without load (discharge in air) for no more than 1-3 seconds. The operation of VS and VT3 is first checked with the AP turned off by applying + 9V to the VD7 anode. To check the AP, T2a and T2b are replaced with a 20-100 Ohm resistor of sufficient power. In the absence of generation, it is necessary to swap the terminals of the Wb winding. It is possible to limit the consumption current of the AP by reducing Wb by selecting R1, R2. Correctly assembled VG must necessarily break through the internal interelectrode gap of 1.5-2.5 cm.

Adequate precautions must be taken when using VH. High-voltage discharge current pulses through the myelin sheath of the nerve fibers of the skin tissue are able to be transmitted to the muscles, causing tonic convulsions and spasms. Thanks to synapses, nervous excitement engulfs other muscle groups, developing reflex shock and functional paralysis. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission sad consequences - flutter and fibrillation of the ventricles with subsequent transition to asystole, ending terminal states - are observed with a discharge with an energy of 10 J. According to unverified information, a 5-second exposure to a high-voltage discharge with an energy of 0.5 J causes total immobilization. Restoration of full muscle control occurs no earlier than 15 minutes.

Attention: Abroad, similar devices are officially (Bureau of Tobacco and Firearm) classified as firearms.

The high voltage transformer is wound on a rod from the ferrite antenna of the transistor receiver. The primary winding contains 5 + 5 turns of wire PEV-2 0.2-0.3 mm. The secondary winding is wound turn to turn with insulation of each layer (1 turn per 1 volt), 2500–3500 turns.

R1, R2 - 8-12 kOhm
C1, C2 - 20-60 nF
C3 - 180 pF
С4, С5 - 3300 pF - 3.3 kV
D1, D2 - CV 106V
T1, T2 - CT 837

This device is intended for demonstration testing in a laboratory environment only. The company is not responsible for any use of this device.

A limited deterrent effect is achieved by exposure to powerful ultrasonic radiation. At strong intensities, ultrasonic vibrations have an extremely unpleasant, irritating and painful effect on most people, causing severe headaches, disorientation, intracranial pain, paranoia, nausea, indigestion, and a feeling of complete discomfort.

The ultrasonic frequency generator is made on D2. The multivibrator D1 generates a triangular signal that controls the sweep of the D2 frequency. The modulation frequency 6-9 Hz lies in the resonance region of the internal organs.

D1, D2 - KR1006VI1; VD1, VD2 - KD209; VT1 - KT3107; VT2 - KT827; VT3 - KT805; R12 - 10 Ohm;

T1 is made on a ferrite ring М1500НМЗ 28x16x9, windings n1, n2 each contain 50 turns D 0.5.

Disable the emitter; disconnect resistor R10 from capacitor C1; with a trimmer resistor R9 set to pin. 3 D2 frequency 17-20 kHz. Resistor R8 set the required modulation frequency (pin. 3 D1). The modulation frequency can be reduced to 1 Hz by increasing the capacitance of the capacitor C4 to 10 μF; Connect R10 to C1; Connect the emitter. Transistor VT2 (VT3) is installed on a powerful radiator.

As an emitter, it is best to use a specialized piezoceramic head BA of imported or domestic production, which provides a sound intensity level of 110 dB at a nominal supply voltage of 12 V: You can use several powerful high-frequency dynamic heads (speakers) BA1 ... BAN, connected in parallel. To select a head, based on the required ultrasound intensity and distance of action, the following technique is proposed.

Average supplied to the speaker electric powerРср = Е2 / 2R, W, should not exceed the maximum (passport) power of the head Рmax, W; E - signal amplitude at the head (meander), V; R is the electrical resistance of the head, Ohm. In this case, the effectively supplied electric power to the radiation of the first harmonic is Р1 = 0.4 Рav, W; sound pressure Psv1 = SdP11 / 2 / d, Pa; d is the distance from the center of the head, m; Sd = S0 10 (LSd / 20) Pa W-1/2; LSd - level of characteristic sensitivity of the head (passport value), dB; S0 = 2 10-5 Pa W-1/2. As a result, the sound intensity I = Npsv12 / 2sv, W / m2; N is the number of parallel-connected heads, s = 1.293 kg / m3 is the air density; v = 331 m / s is the speed of sound in air. Sound intensity level L1 = 10 log (I / I0), dB, I0 = 10-12 I m / m2.

The level of pain threshold is considered equal to 120 dB, rupture of the tympanic membrane occurs at an intensity level of 150 dB, destruction of the ear at 160 dB (180 dB burns through the paper). Similar foreign products emit ultrasound with a level of 105-130 dB at a distance of 1 m.

When using dynamic drivers, it may be necessary to increase the supply voltage to obtain the required intensity level. With an appropriate heatsink (needle with an overall area of 2 dm2), the KT827 transistor (metal case) allows the parallel connection of eight dynamic heads with a coil resistance of 8 0m each. 3GDV-1; 6GDV-4; 10GI-1-8.

Different people tolerate ultrasound in different ways. Young people are most sensitive to ultrasound. It's a matter of taste if you choose powerful sound radiation instead of ultrasound. To do this, it is necessary to increase the capacity of C2 tenfold. If desired, you can turn off the frequency modulation by disconnecting R10 from C1.

With increasing frequency, the radiation efficiency of some types of modern piezoelectric emitters increases sharply. With continuous operation for more than 10 minutes, overheating and destruction of the piezoelectric crystal is possible. Therefore, it is recommended to choose a supply voltage lower than the nominal one. The required level of sound intensity is achieved by switching on several emitters.

Ultrasonic emitters have a narrow directivity pattern. When using an actuator for the protection of large rooms, the emitter is aimed in the direction of the alleged intrusion.

The device is designed for active self-defense by exposing the attacker to a high-voltage discharge of electric current. The circuit allows you to obtain a voltage of up to 80,000 V at the output contacts, which leads to air breakdown and the formation of an electric arc (spark discharge) between the contact electrodes. Since a limited current flows when the electrodes are touched, threats to human life no.

Due to its small size, the electroshock device can be used as individual remedy security or work as part of a security system for active protection of a metal object (safe, metal door, door lock, etc.). In addition, the design is so simple that it does not require the use of industrial equipment for manufacturing - everything is easily done at home.

In the device diagram, fig. 1. a pulse voltage converter is assembled on transistor VT1 and transformer T1. The auto-generator operates at a frequency of 30 kHz. and in the secondary winding (3) of the transformer T1 after rectification by diodes on the capacitor C4 is allocated constant pressure about 800 ... 1000 V. The second transformer (T2) allows you to further increase the voltage to the desired value. It works in a pulse mode. This is ensured by adjusting the gap in the spark gap F1 so that air breakdown occurs at a voltage of 600 ... 750 V. As soon as the voltage across the capacitor C4 (during the charging process reaches this value, the capacitor discharge passes through F1 and the primary winding T2.

The energy stored on the capacitor C4 (transferred to the secondary winding of the transformer) is determined from the expression:

W = 0.5C x Uc2 = 0.5 x 0.25 x 10-6 x 7002 = 0.061 [J]

where, Uc - capacitor voltage [V];
C is the capacitance of the capacitor C4 [F].

Similar industrial-made devices have approximately the same charge energy or slightly less.

The circuit is powered by four D-0.26 batteries and consumes a current of no more than 100 mA.

The elements of the circuit, highlighted with a dotted line, are a transformerless charger from a 220 V network. To connect the recharge mode, a cord with two corresponding plugs is used. The HL1 LED is an indicator of the presence of voltage in the network, and the VD3 diode prevents the battery from discharging through the charger circuits if it is not connected to the network.

The circuit uses details: MLT resistors, capacitors C1 of type K73-17V for 400 V, C2 - K50-16 for 25 V. C3 - K10-17, C4 - MBM for 750 V or type K42U-2 for 630 V. High-voltage capacitor (C4) it is not recommended to use other types, since it has to work in a hard mode (almost short-circuit discharge), which only these series can withstand for a long time.

The diode bridge VD1 can be replaced with four diodes of the KD102B type, and VD4 and VD5 with six series-connected diodes KD102B.

Switch SA1, type PD9-1 or PD9-2.

Transformers are self-made and winding in them begins with a secondary winding. The manufacturing process will require accuracy and a winding device.

The T1 transformer is made on a dielectric frame inserted into the B26 armor core, Fig. 2, made of M2000NM1 (M1500NM1) ferrite. It contains in the winding I - 6 turns; II - 20 turns with a PELSHO wire with a diameter of 0.18 mm (0.12 ... 0.23 mm), in winding III - 1800 turns with a PEL wire with a diameter of 0.1 mm. When winding the 3rd winding, it is necessary to lay capacitor dielectric paper every 400 turns, and soak the layers with capacitor or transformer oil. After winding the coil, insert it into the ferrite cups and glue the joint (after making sure that it works). The coil leads are filled with heated paraffin or wax.

When installing the circuit, it is necessary to observe the polarity of the phases of the transformer windings indicated in the diagram.

High-voltage transformer T2 is made on plates of transformer iron, assembled into a package, Fig. 3. Since the magnetic field in the coil is not closed, the design makes it possible to exclude magnetization of the core. Winding is performed turn to turn (first, the secondary winding is wound) II - 1800 ... 2000 turns with PEL wire with a diameter of 0.08 ... 0.12 mm (in four layers), I - 20 turns with a diameter of 0.35 mm. It is better to make the interlayer insulation from several turns of a thin (0.1 mm) fluoroplastic tape, but capacitor paper is also suitable - it can be obtained from high-voltage non-polar capacitors. After winding the windings, the transformer is poured epoxy glue... Before pouring, it is advisable to add a few drops of condenser oil (plasticizer) to the glue and mix well. At the same time, there should be no air bubbles in the glue filling compound. And for the convenience of pouring, it will be necessary to make a cardboard frame (dimensions 55x23x20 mm) according to the dimensions of the transformer, where the sealing is performed. The transformer made in this way provides a voltage amplitude of more than 90,000 V in the secondary winding, but it is not recommended to turn it on without the F2 protective arrester, since at such a voltage a breakdown inside the coil is possible.

Any diode VD3 with the following parameters:
- reverse voltage> 1500 V
- leakage current< 10-15 мкА
- forward current> 300 mA
The most suitable in terms of parameters: two series-connected diodes KD226D.

Transformer data:
T1 - iron of standard size 20x16x5 (you can use a ferrum of the M2000mm Sh7x7 brand)

Windings:
I - 28 turns 0.3 mm
II - 1500 turns 0.1 mm
III - 38 turns 0.5 mm

T2 - ferrite core 2000-3000 nm (a piece from a line scan transformer (TVS), in extreme cases, a piece of a rod from a magnetic antenna of a radio receiver).
I - 40 turns 0.5 mm
II - 3000 turns 0.08 - 0.15 mm

This transformer is the most important part of the shocker. The procedure for its manufacture is as follows: the ferrite core is insulated with two layers of fluoroplastic film (FUM) or fiberglass. After that, the winding begins. Coils are stacked in hundreds so that turns from neighboring hundreds do not fall on each other: 1000 turns are wound in one layer (10 to 100), then impregnated with epoxy resin, two layers of fluoroplastic film or varnished cloth are wound and wound up next layer wires (1000 turns) in the same way as the first time; insulate again and wind up a third layer. As a result, the coil leads are obtained from different sides of the ferrite core.

Capacitor C2 must withstand a voltage of 1500 V (in the extreme case 1000 V), preferably with the lowest possible leakage current. Discharger K consists of two crossed brass plates with a width of 1-2 mm with a gap between the plates of 1 mm: to ensure a discharge of 1 KV (kilovolt).

Setting: first, the converter with the T1 transformer is assembled (parts are not connected to winding II) and power is supplied. A whistle should be heard at a frequency of about 5 kHz. Then they bring one to one (with a small, about 1 mm gap) the terminals of the winding II of the transformer. An electric arc should appear. If you put a piece of paper between these pins, it will light up. This work must be done carefully, since the voltage on this winding is up to 1.5 KV. If the whistle in the transformer is not audible, then swap the terminals of winding III at T1. After that, connect a diode and a capacitor to the winding II T1. Turn on the power again. Turn off after a few seconds. Now with a well-insulated screwdriver, short-circuit the leads of the capacitor C2. A loud discharge should occur. So the converter works fine. If not, then swap the terminals of the winding II T1. After that, you can assemble the entire circuit. During normal operation, the discharge at the output reaches a length of 30 mm. Resistor R1 = 2 ... 10 Ohm, you can increase the power of the device (if you reduce this resistor) or decrease (increase its resistance). A battery of the "Krona" type (preferably imported), which has a large capacity and provides a current of up to 3 A in a short-term mode, is used as a battery.

Transformer T1 is wound on M2000NM-1 ferrite of standard size Ш7х7,
Windings: I - 28 turns 0.35 mm.
II - 38 turns 0.5 mm.
III - 1200 turns 0.12 mm.

Transformer T2 on a rod of 8 mm and a length of 50 mm.
I - 25 turns 0.8 mm.
II - 3000 turns 0.12 mm.

Capacitors C2, C3 must withstand voltages up to 600 V.

A single-ended voltage converter is assembled on the VT1 transistor, which is rectified by the VD1 diode and charges the capacitors C2 and C3. As soon as the voltage on C3 reaches the threshold of the VS1 dynistor, it opens and opens the VS2 thyristor. In this case, the capacitor C2 is discharged through the primary winding of the high-voltage transformer T2. A high voltage pulse arises on its secondary winding. So the process is repeated with a frequency of 5-10 Hz. Diode VD2 serves to protect the thyristor VS2 from breakdown.

The adjustment consists in the selection of the resistor R1 to achieve the optimal ratio between the current consumption and the power of the converter. By replacing the VS1 dinistor with another, with a higher or lower response voltage, it is possible to regulate the frequency of high-voltage discharges.

Production - Korea.
Output voltage - 75 kV.
Power supply - 6 V.
Weight - 380 g.

The master oscillator is assembled on a VT1 transistor.

Transformer data T1:
- ferrum core M2000 20x30 mm;
I - 16 turns 0.35 mm, branch from the 8th turn
II - 500 turns 0.12 mm.

Transformer data T2:
I - 10 turns 0.8 mm.
II - 2800 turns 0.012 mm.

Transformer T2 is wound in five layers with 560 turns per layer. Although instead of this transformer, you can take the ignition coil from the car. The transformer is the most important part of the shocker. The procedure for its manufacture is as follows: the ferrite core is insulated with two layers of fluoroplastic film (FUM) or fiberglass. After that, the winding begins. The turns are laid in hundreds so that the turns from neighboring hundreds do not fall on each other: 1000 turns are wound in one layer (10 to 100), then impregnated with epoxy resin, two layers of fluoroplastic film or varnished cloth are wound and the next layer of wire is wound up (1000 turns) in the same way as the first time; insulate again and wind up a third layer. As a result, the coil leads are obtained from different sides of the ferrite core.

Next comes again epoxy impregnation, three layers of insulation, and 40 turns of 0.5-0.8 mm wire are wound on top. This transformer can only be turned on after the epoxy has cured. Do not forget about it, because it will be "pierced" by high voltage.

The setting consists in the selection of R2 until, with the VD2, VD3 dynistors turned off, the voltage on C4 is 500 Volts. When the button is pressed, the blocking generator starts to work, and a voltage appears at the output of T1, which reaches 600 V. Through VD1, C4 begins to charge, and as soon as the voltage on it reaches the response threshold of the dinistors, they open, the current in the primary circuit reaches 2A, the voltage at C4 it drops sharply, the dinistors close and the process repeats with a frequency of 10-15 Hz.

The basis of the device is a DC voltage converter (Fig. 1). At the output of the device, I used a multiplier on KTs-106 diodes and capacitors 220 pF x 10 sq. Power is supplied by 10 D-0.55 batteries. With less - the result is slightly worse. You can also use batteries "Krona" or "Korund". It is important to have 9-12 volts.

I - 2 x 14 diam. 0.5-0.8 mm.
II - 2 x 6 dia. 0.5-0.8 mm.
III - 5-8 thousand dia. 0.15-0.25 mm.

Batteries are convenient only because they can be charged.

Very important element is a transformer that I made from a ferrite core (a ferrite rod from a radio receiver with a diameter of 8 mm), but a ferrite transformer from a fuel assembly worked more efficiently - I made a bar from a U-shaped one.

I took the rules for winding a high-voltage winding from ("Electric match") - I laid insulation through every thousand turns. For turn-to-turn insulation I used FUM tape (fluoroplastic). In my opinion, other materials are less reliable. While experimenting, I tried electrical tape, mica, and used the PELSHO wire. The transformer did not last long - the windings were "stitched".

The body is made from a plastic box suitable sizes- plastic packaging from an electric soldering iron. Dimensions of the original: 190 x 50 x 40 mm (see Fig. 2).

In the case, I made plastic partitions between the transformer and the multiplier, as well as between the electrodes on the soldering side - precautions to avoid the passage of a spark inside the circuit (case), which also protects the transformer. From the outside, under the electrodes, I placed small "antennae" made of brass to reduce the distance between the electrodes - the discharge is formed between them. In my design, the electrode spacing is 30mm and the crown length is 20mm. A spark is formed without the "whiskers" - between the electrodes, but there is a danger of breakdown of the transformer, its formation inside the case. I spied the idea of a "mustache" on "branded" models.

In order to avoid self-activation when wearing, it is more advisable to use a slide-type switch.

I want to warn radio amateurs about the need for careful handling of the product both during the design and adjustment period, and with the finished device. Remember that it is directed against a bully, a criminal, but at the same time against a person. Exceeding the limits of necessary defense is punishable by law.

The basis of the device is a DC voltage converter. It is made according to the scheme of a push-pull pulse generator on transistors VT1 and VT2. It is loaded with the primary winding of the transformer. Secondary serves for feedback. Tertiary -increasing. When you press the button KH1, a constant voltage of 400V appears on the capacitor C2. The role of the voltage multiplier is played by the ignition coil from the Moskvich-412 car.

When the button is pressed, a voltage is supplied to the generator, and a high alternating voltage is induced in its output winding, which is converted by the diode VD1 into a rising constant on C2. As soon as C2 is charged to 300V, the VD2 and VD3 dinistors will open and a current pulse will appear in the primary winding of the ignition coil, as a result, there will be a high voltage pulse in the secondary, with an amplitude of several tens of kilovolts. The use of an ignition coil is due to its reliability, and in this case there is no need for time-consuming winding of a homemade coil. And the diode multiplier is not very reliable. Transformer Tr1 is wound on a ferite ring with an outer diameter of 28 mm. Its primary winding contains 30 watts of SEV 0.41 with a tap from the middle. Secondary - 12 turns with a tap from the middle of the same wire. Tertiary - 800 turns of wire PEV 0.16. The rules for winding such a transformer are known.

This device can be used to protect against attacks by wild animals (and not only animals). Most of these devices are based on pulse generator and a high-voltage transformer with a homemade coil, which is not easy to manufacture or durable.

This device simulates the ignition system of a car. It uses an automotive ignition coil, a nine-volt six-cell A373 battery, and an electromagnetic relay capacitor breaker. The breaker is controlled by a multivibrator on a DI chip and a key on a VT1 transistor. The whole device is mounted in a plastic pipe about 500 mm long and with a diameter equal to the diameter of the ignition coil. The coil is located at the working end (with two pins from the 220V plug and discharge petals between them.), And the battery is in the opposite side of the pipe, between them an electronic unit. Turning on - by a button installed between the battery cells. The ignition coil can be from any car, the electromagnetic relay is also automobile, for example, a sound signal relay from "VAZ 08" or "Moskvich 2141".

Attention: Be careful when using the devices; the voltage on the electrodes remains for 20-40 seconds after switching off.

A set of fresh A316 elements is enough for 20-30 device starts for 0.5-1 minutes. Replace items in a timely manner. In case of danger, turn on the voltage converter. After 2-3 seconds, the voltage on the electrodes will reach 300 V. Press the button to turn on the flash no earlier than the indicator lights up (5-12 seconds after turning on the converter). Fire the flash from a distance of no more than 1.5 meters, directing the lamp into the attacker's eyes. An electrical shock may occur immediately after a flash.

Imagine a situation - you are in an elevator with a burglar. How to defend yourself? Get a knife and strike or fire a pistol (traumatic, firearm)? But this way you can kill the robber and still remain guilty after receiving a prison sentence. You can spray into the face of a criminal from a can, but there is little room in the elevator and you yourself can suffer from the gas. This is where the stun gun comes in handy. It is compact and does not harm health, but only neutralizes the enemy for several minutes by hitting him with a high-voltage discharge.
Today, in stores, we are offered a huge selection of various stun guns, but all of them do not exceed a power of 3 W (according to the civil code). Stun guns of such power are unlikely to be able to help in a real battle. Unlike shokers (up to 50 W), which are used by the police.
Since we cannot buy a powerful shocker, why not make it ourselves?

How to make a stun gun at home

First you need to decide on the requirements for the device.

The shocker must have:

great power
compactness
built-in flashlight
ready indicator
built-in charger
low current consumption
fuse
anti-capture system
other useful little things

With all this, the device must have a simple design.

I will describe some of the elements.
Flashlight - a white LED connected to power through a resistor.
Ready indicator - LED signaling that the power is on.
Fuse - a latching switch (disconnecting the power supply), prevents the appearance of a discharge on the electrodes if the "discharge" button is accidentally pressed.

We need to tell you more about the anti-capture system. If in a fight a criminal snatches a shocker from you, he will not be able to use it against you, because the shocker just won't work.
The whole secret is in the reed switch (magnetic switch), which is connected to the circuit of switches (between the power switch and the button that allows the discharge to the electrodes). When the magnet approaches, the reed switch contacts close, conducting current through themselves, if the magnet is removed, the contacts will be disconnected again. The magnet can be attached to a ring that will need to be constantly worn on your finger.

Stun gun circuit

Let's start manufacturing.

High voltage coil

You will need:

insulating tape;
Scotch;
silicone;
transparent bag;
ferrite rod 4 - 5 cm long (from the radio);
wire.

We wrap the ferrite core with 3 layers of electrical tape, wrap 5 layers of adhesive tape on top. Next, we wind the primary winding (15 turns) with a wire with a diameter of 0.5 - 1 mm. We wind the coil to the coil.

We wrap the top with 5 layers of electrical tape and 6 adhesive tape.

Next, we cut the bag into 10 cm strips with a width equal to the length of the coil. We wind the secondary winding (350 - 400 turns) with a 0.4 - 0.7 mm wire. Importantly, both windings must be wound in the same direction!
We wind the wire coil to coil, in rows of 40 - 50 turns. After each row, we isolate the bags in two layers with cut tapes, then we strengthen them at the top with 5 layers of adhesive tape.

We wrap it with 2 layers of electrical tape and 10 layers of scotch tape. Fill the side holes with silicone.

The transformer is ready. It is necessary to test it for breakdowns. For this, a current was supplied to the primary winding from a 1500 V, 0.33 μF capacitor, while about 7 cm of the arc was removed. No breakdowns appeared in the winding.

Converter transformer

You will need:

insulating tape;
Scotch;
the wire;
ferrite transformer.

We take out the ferrite transformer from the switching power supply located in various techniques... In this case, the transformer is taken from an ATX PSU.

Remove the ferrite frame (if it is difficult to remove, then put the transformer in boiling water). It is possible that part of the frame may break off during the parsing process - it does not matter, it can be glued together using superglue. We also remove all standard windings.

Coil winding. The primary winding consists of 12 turns with a 0.8 mm wire, tapped from the middle (i.e., 6 turns per shoulder). We isolate it with 3 layers of electrical tape and 5 adhesive tape.
In the secondary winding there are 600 turns of wire with a diameter of 0.1 mm, we wind the winding in rows, turn to turn will not work, so we wind it in bulk, but as carefully as possible, in each row 70 turns. After winding, each row is insulated with 4 layers. insulating tape... After winding, insert the ferrite halves and tightly wrap the transformer with tape or electrical tape.

The hardest part is over. Now let's start making a spark gap, with which the capacitor gives up its charge to the primary winding of the coil.
We will make it from an old fuse. Using a soldering iron, remove the tin from the fuse contacts and take out the wire inside. Next, we screw in the screws on both sides (they should not touch, otherwise a closure will turn out). The gap between the screws, you can adjust the frequency of discharges between the electrodes.

Based on materials from the site: radioskot.ru

Electroshock devices are one of the better ways for self-defense.

Today, it can be found on free sale for civilians with a power of no more than 3 watts. The Civil Code is harsh, high-power ESHUs are available only to employees of organs, and for mere mortals, power is limited to 3 watts.

Definitely, the standard 3 watts is clearly not enough for real defense, so you often have to design electric shock devices with your own hands at home.
In fact, the design of a homemade ESHU is quite simple; on the voltage multiplier, you can implement sufficiently powerful circuits with minimal cost... The model under consideration provides an output power of up to 70 watts, which is 13 times more than the power of an industrial stun gun.
The structure consists of a high voltage inverter and a voltage multiplier.

The inverter is made according to a simple multivibrator circuit on two field switches. The choice of field-effect transistors is quite large. You can use keys from the IRFZ44, IRFZ48, IRF3205, IRL3705 series and any other similar ones.

The transformer is wound on a ferrite W-shaped core. Such a core can be found in low-power Chinese electronic devices, as well as in domestic televisions.

All windings from the frame must be removed and new windings must be wound. The primary winding is wound with a 1 mm wire and consists of 2X5 turns. Next, you need to isolate the winding with 10 layers of transparent tape or second-layer tape and wind the step-up winding.
This winding is wound with a wire of 0.07-0.1 mm and consists of 800-1000 turns. The winding is wound in layers, each layer consists of 80 evenly wound turns. After winding, we assemble the transformer; there is no need to fill in with resin.
The voltage multiplier uses high voltage capacitors 5 KV 2200 pF - can be found in domestic TVs. Capacitors can be taken for 3kV, but the danger of their breakdown is great.

There are many ways to feel confident in a dark alleyway or narrow, unlit streets, but most are either illegal or time consuming. Not everyone can easily spend 20-30 thousand rubles on a traumatic weapon, and even spend a couple of months on training and obtaining a license. The same applies to martial arts - several years of practicing techniques in the gym does not guarantee protection, and it is impossible to learn how to fight in a month.

One of the best options for protecting yourself and your loved ones from intruders is a stun gun. It does not require a license to carry and is not subject to registration with the Ministry of Internal Affairs, easily fits in a pocket or handbag. Any adult citizen of Russia can buy it, but not everyone can afford it. We will consider one of the many ways how to assemble a simple and powerful stun gun with your own hands, with diagrams and pictures illustrating the creation process.

Before you start

Homemade stun guns are actually prohibited, since only licensed Russian-made devices are allowed for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. The very fact of owning such a product may attract the interest of law enforcement agencies.

What is a stun gun

A typical representative of an electrical device for self-defense consists of five components: a battery, a voltage converter, a capacitor, an arrester and a transformer. The mechanism of work is as follows: a capacitor with a certain periodicity discharges the accumulated charge to a transformer, at the output of which a discharge occurs - that same spark. The problem with this design is this transformer, which is created in the factory from special materials according to a secret scheme that cannot be found on the Internet.

Therefore, the circuit will be somewhat different - based on a pair of ignition and combat capacitors. The bottom line is:

At the push of a button, the ignition capacitor acts in the same way as in original scheme- is discharged to the transformer, and that - gives a spark. This spark is an ionized layer of air with much less resistance than normal air.

at the moment the spark appears, the combat capacitor is triggered, which beats with all the accumulated power through this channel with practically no losses.

As a result, with a lower total power of the product and savings on the transformer, the same, if not angrier, stun gun is obtained, while one and a half times less.

How can you make the simplest stun gun at home: where to start

Manufacturing begins with the most difficult thing - a transformer. The reason for this is the difficulty of winding it, so if the assembler cannot bear it and chooses an easier way to obtain a self-defense device (buy it), then no effort will be expended on making the rest of the parts.

The basis will be the B22 magnetic armor core made of 2000NM ferrite. It is called Armor because it is a piece closed on all sides with two leads. Looks like a regular coil, like the one that fits into sewing machine... True, instead of threads, a thin varnished wire with a diameter of about 0.1 millimeters is wound into it. You can buy it on the radio market or get it from an alarm clock. Before starting winding, solder the leads to the ends of the wire to make the structure stronger and more resistant to breakage.

You need to wind it by hand until there is about 1.5 millimeters of free space on the reel. For the best effect, it is best to wind them in layers, insulating them from each other with electrical tape or other dielectric. And if you find a PELSHO wire, then no insulation is required at all - it is already in the wire design: just wind it in bulk and drip a little with machine oil.

After the end of the winding, insulate the turns with a couple of rolls of electrical tape and wind 6 turns of thicker wire (0.7-0.9 millimeters) on top. In the middle of the winding, you need to make a bend - just make a twist and bring it out. It is better to fix the entire wire with cyanoacrylate, and fix the two halves of the coil with each other with cyanoacrylate or electrical tape,

Making an output transformer

This is the hardest part of making a stun gun with your own hands. Since a standard layer transformer cannot be made at home, we will simplify the structure - we will make it sectional.

As a basis, we take an ordinary propylene tube with a diameter of 2 centimeters. If you still have these after repairs in the bathroom - it's time to use them, if not, buy them in a plumbing store. The main thing is that it is not reinforced with metal. We need a piece 5-6 centimeters long.

It is simple to make a sectional frame out of it - fix the workpiece and cut grooves along its diameter with a width and depth of 2 millimeters every two millimeters. Be careful not to cut through the pipe. After that, cut a groove 3 mm wide along the frame.

It remains only to make the winding. It is made from a wire with a diameter of 2 millimeters, which is wound on all sections within the tube. Solder the lead to the beginning of the wire and fix it with glue to avoid accidental breakage.

A ferrite rod with a diameter of 1 centimeter and a length of about 5 centimeters is suitable as a core for a transformer. Suitable material can be found in line scan transformers in old Soviet TVs - you just need to fit it to size and grind it until it reaches the shape, in fact, of the rod. This is a rather dusty job, so you shouldn't do it at home without a respirator. If there is no workshop or garage nearby, use ferrite rings, gluing them together, or buy at the radio market.

The rod needs to be wrapped with electrical tape and a winding of 0.8 wire is made on it (we used it for the second winding of the transformer of the converter. The winding is done along the entire length of the core, not reaching the edges of 5-10 millimeters, and is fixed with electrical tape.

The core winding is wound in the same direction as the winding on the propylene tube - clockwise or counterclockwise.

After that, insulate the core with electrical tape, but watch out for the diameter - it should fit tightly into the tube. On the side where the winding on the tube does not have a soldered wire, solder the two windings (outer and inner) together. Thus, you will have three conclusions - two ends of the windings and a common point.

If you do not understand the process, you can watch a video on YouTube on how to make a stun gun with your own hands at home.

The final stage is filling with paraffin. Anyone will do - the main thing is not to boil it in order to avoid damage to the internal elements of the transformer. Make a small box slightly higher than the height of the transformer. Place the transformer in it, bring the wires out and fill the exit points with glue. After that, pour the paraffin into the box and put it on the battery so that the paraffin does not cool down, and all the air bubbles come out. We need a headroom due to the shrinkage of the cooling paraffin. Remove excess with a knife.

DIY stun gun from scrap materials: unsoldering

Now is the time to take a look at schematic diagram stun gun. It looks like this:

the ignition capacitor is charged through the diode bridge

the combat capacitor is charged through additional diodes.

Almost any 330 ohm MOSFET transistors are suitable for the converter, the choice of resistors is also uncritical. Capacitors for 3300 picofarad are needed to limit the current when the device is started, that is, to protect the converter. If you are using powerful transistors (like the IRFZ44 +), then this protection is not required. and you can do without installing such capacitors.

There is one peculiarity in the circuit: when the contacts are short-circuited (for example, when touching the skin, not clothes), the shocker does not work correctly, since the combat capacitor does not have time to charge. If you want to get rid of this drawback, put a second spark gap in series with one of the outputs.

The entire circuit (with the correct layout of the elements on the board) fits well on the site of 4 by 5 centimeters. For power supply, we take 6 nickel-cadmium batteries with a capacity of 300 milliampere-hours in the size of half a finger-type battery with a capacity of about 15 watts. Thus, the entire device fits into a package the size of a cigarette pack.

Aluminum rivets are the best choice for contacts. They have sufficient electrical conductivity and have a steel core. It provides two advantages at once: the strength of the contacts is significantly increased and there are no problems with aluminum soldering. If they are not there, then ordinary steel plates of any shape will do.

The assembly can be done either on an etched textolite board, or you can solder the elements with wires. But first, it's better to assemble this on a breadboard in order not to waste time and energy on reworking the board in case something goes wrong. High-voltage leads should be fixed at a short distance (about one and a half centimeters) so that the transformer does not burn out.

After unsoldering, turn on the device. Power must be taken directly from the batteries - do not use power supplies. It does not need tuning and it should work immediately after switching on, the frequency of spark formation is approximately 35 hertz. If it is much less, the reason is most likely in an incorrectly wound transformer or in the wrong transistors.

If everything works correctly, then separate the output contacts by a centimeter and start the device again. A standard shocker has a contact distance of 2.5 centimeters. If everything works correctly, then separate the contacts another centimeter and test the device again. If it works well, reduce it back to the standard 2.5 centimeters. Such a power reserve is needed for the device to work in any conditions of humidity and pressure.

If the parts do not smoke or melt, everything is fine, you can solder the elements onto the board and proceed to the last stage - creating the case.

Housing for a stun gun at home

Since stamping the case at home is not available, and 3D printers are not available everywhere and not to everyone, we will use a folk remedy - epoxy resin. Forming such a box is a painstaking process, but this material has a number of advantages:

solidity;
tightness;
electrical insulation.

To create, you will need epoxy itself, cardboard as a frame, a glue gun and some little things.

It is better to start the process by cutting out the back cover of the case from the cardboard with a pre-drawn plan for the location of the parts, and then glue it with strips of cardboard around the perimeter using a glue gun. The strips should be as long as the width of the shocker (about 3 centimeters) plus a margin for the sticker. You need to glue from the outside of the base, while carefully ensuring that the seam is tight.

After all the strips are glued, place the circuit elements inside and evaluate the correctness of their layout. Also determine where you will have the start button and battery charging connector. If everything suits you, then check the correct connection of the elements with each other and the work of the shocker again. Special attention pay attention to the tightness of the case - epoxy can penetrate into invisible crevices and leave stubborn stains on any surface.

It's time to start pouring the epoxy into the mold. Set the poured form aside and wait 6-8 hours. After this time, it will not become hard, but it will be flexible enough to give the body the desired ergonomic shape. After complete hardening, sand the epoxy with sandpaper and varnish with any varnish, for example, zapon varnish.

As a result, you get a reliable and durable device that is not afraid of shocks, falls and water. How do I test it? Take a 0.25 amp fuse and place it between the pins. After starting the device, the fuse will burn out - this indicates that the power of the device exceeds 250 milliamperes, which is significant power that can stop even the most zealous and dimensional intruder.

Specifications of homemade stun gun
- voltage across the electrodes - 10 kV,
- pulse frequency up to 10 Hz,
- voltage 9 V. (battery "Krona"),
- weight no more than 180 gr.

Device design:

The electrodes are made of steel needle up to 2 cm long - for access to the skin through human clothing or animal hair. The distance between the electrodes is at least 25 mm.

Among the means of self-defense, electroshock devices (ESHU) are not in the last place, especially in terms of strength psychological impact on intruders. However, the cost is considerable, which prompts radio amateurs to create a stun gun with their own hands of their counterparts.

Without pretending to be super-originality and super-novelty of ideas, I propose my development, which can be repeated by anyone who, at least once in his life, has dealt with winding a transformer and installing the simplest devices such as a detector radio with an amplifier on one or two transistors.

The basis of my do-it-yourself stun gun is (Fig. 1a) a transistor generator that converts a constant voltage from a power source such as a Krona galvanic battery (Korund, 6PLF22) or a Nika battery into an increased variable, with a typical multiplier U. Very important ESHU element is homemade transformer(Fig. 1b and Fig. 2). The magnetic core for it is a ferrite core with a diameter of 8 and a length of 50 mm. Such a core can be split off, for example, from the magnetic antenna of a radio receiver, having previously cut the original along the circumference with the edge of an abrasive stone. But the transformer works more efficiently if the ferrite is from a TV FA. True, in this case, you will have to grind a cylindrical rod of the required dimensions from the base U-shaped magnetic circuit.

The tube-base of the frame for placing the transformer windings on it is a 50-mm section of the plastic case from the already used felt-tip pen, the inner diameter of which corresponds to the aforementioned ferrite rod. Cheeks measuring 40x40 mm are cut from a 3 mm vinyl or plexiglass sheet. They are firmly connected with a tube-piece of the felt-tip pen body, having previously lubricated the seats with dichloroethane.

For transformer windings, in this case, a copper wire in enamel high-strength insulation based on vinylflex is used. Primary 1 contains 2x14 turns of PEV2-0.5. Winding 2 has almost half of them. More precisely, it contains 2x6 turns of the same wire. But high-voltage 3 has 10,000 turns of a thinner PEV2-0.15.

As an interlayer insulation, instead of a film of polytetrafluoroethylene (fluoroplastic) or polyethylene terephthalate (lavsan), usually recommended for such windings, it is quite acceptable to use a 0.035 mm interelectrode capacitor paper. It is advisable to stock up on it in advance: for example, remove it from the 4-microfarad LSE1-400 or LSM-400 from the old installation fittings for fluorescent lamps, which seemed to have long depleted its resource, and cut it exactly according to the working width of the frame of the future transformer.

After every three "wire" layers, in the author's version, a wide brush was sure to "smear" the resulting winding with epoxy glue slightly diluted with acetone (so that the "epoxy" was not very viscous) and capacitor-paper insulation was laid in 2 layers. Further, without waiting for hardening, the winding continued.

To avoid wire breakage due to uneven rotation of the frame during winding, PEV2-0.15 was passed through the ring. The latter hung on a spring made of steel wire with a diameter of 0.2 - 0.3 mm, pulling the wire upwards somewhat. An anti-breakdown protection was installed between the high-voltage and the rest of the windings - 6 layers of the same capacitor paper with "epoxy".

The ends of the windings are soldered to the pins through the holes in the tabs. However, conclusions can be drawn without breaking the winding wires, from the same PEV2, folding it 2, 4, 8 times (depending on the diameter of the wire) and twisting them.

The finished transformer is wrapped with one layer of fiberglass and filled with epoxy resin. During installation, the terminals of the windings are pressed against the cheeks and placed with the maximum separation of the ends from each other (especially for the high-voltage winding) in the corresponding compartment of the case. As a result, even with a 10-minute operation (and a longer continuous use of a protective stun gun with your own hands is not required), breakdowns at the transformer are excluded.

In the original design, the ESHU generator was developed with an orientation towards the use of KT818 transistors. However, replacing them with KT816 with any letter index in the name and installing them on small plate radiators made it possible to reduce the weight and dimensions of the entire device. The same was facilitated by the use of the well-proven KTs106V (KTs106G) diodes with K15-13 high-voltage ceramic capacitors (220 pF, 10 kV) in the voltage multiplier. As a result, we managed to fit almost everything (excluding the safety whiskers and spark gap pins) into a plastic case like a soap dish 135x58x36 mm in size. The weight of the protective ESD assembly is about 300 g.

In the case between the transformer and the multiplier, as well as at the electrodes on the soldering side, partitions made of sufficiently strong plastic are required - as a measure to strengthen the structure as a whole and as a precaution to avoid a spark from jumping from one radio element of installation to another, as well as as a means of protecting the transformer itself from breakdowns. From the outside, under the electrodes, a brass whisker is attached to reduce the distance between the electrodes, which facilitates the formation of a protective discharge.

A protective spark is formed without the "whiskers": between the tips of the pins - the working bodies, but this increases the risk of breakdown of the transformer, "flashing" the installation inside the case.

Generally, the idea of the "mustache" is borrowed from the "proprietary" models and developments. Taken, as they say, into service and such a technical solution as the use of a switch, certainly a slide type: to avoid self-activation, when an electroshock protection device rests, say, in the chest or side pocket of its owner.

It is not out of place, I think, to warn radio amateurs about the need for careful handling of the protective ESH both during the design and adjustment period, and when walking with a ready-made stun gun with your own hands. Remember that it is directed against a bully, a criminal. Do not exceed the limits of necessary self-defense!

The idea of creating a stun gun of increased efficiency came to me after testing several similar industrial-made devices on myself. During the tests, it turned out that they deprive the enemy of combat effectiveness only after 4 ... 8 seconds of exposure, and then if you are lucky :) Needless to say, as a result of real use, such a shocker will most likely end up in the rear seat of the owner.

Info: our legislation allows for ordinary mortals shokers with an output power of no more than 3 J / sec (1 J / sec = 1 W), at the same time devices with a power of up to 10 watts are allowed for ATC workers. But even 10 watts is not enough to effectively neutralize the enemy; The Americans, in the course of experiments on volunteers, were convinced of the extreme ineffectiveness of shockers with a power of 5 ... 7 W, and decided to create a device that would specifically extinguish the enemy. Such a device was created: "ADVANCED TASER M26" (one of the modifications of the "AirTaser" company of the same name).

The device is created using EMD technology, or, in other words, it has an increased output power. Specifically - 26 watts (as they say, "feel the difference" :)). In general, there is another model of this device - M18, with a capacity of 18 watts. This is due to the fact that the taser is a remote shocker: when the trigger is pressed, two probes are fired from the cartridge inserted into the front of the device, followed by wires. The probes do not fly parallel to each other, but diverge at a small angle, due to which, at the optimal distance (2 ... 3 m), the distance between them becomes 20 ... 30 cm. It is clear that if the probes fall somewhere not there, it may turn out to be a kerdyk. Therefore, they released a device of lower power.

At first I made stun guns, similar in efficiency to industrial ones (unknowingly :). But when I found out the information given above, I decided to develop a REAL stun gun, worthy of being called a WEAPON of self-defense. By the way, in addition to stun guns, there are also PARALIZERS, but they do not rule at all, because they paralyze muscles only in the contact zone, and the effect is not achieved immediately, even at high power.

The output parameters of the MegaShocker are partially borrowed from the "ADVANCED TASER M26". According to available data, the device generates pulses with a repetition rate of 15 ... 18 Hz and an energy of 1.75 J at a voltage of 50 Kv (since the lower the voltage, the higher the current at the same power). Since MegaShocker is still a contact device, and also out of concern for one's own health :), it was decided to make the pulse energy equal to 2 ... 2.4 J, and their repetition rate - 20 ... 30 Hz. This is at a voltage of 35 ... 50 kilovolts and a maximum distance between the electrodes (at least 10 cm).

The scheme, however, turned out to be somewhat complicated, but nevertheless:

Scheme: On the DA1 chip, a control generator (PWM controller) is assembled, on transistors Q1, Q2 and a transformer T1 - a voltage converter 12v -> 500v. When capacitors C9 and C10 are charged to 400 ... 500 volts, the threshold node on the elements R13-R14-C11-D4-R15-SCR1 is triggered, and a current pulse passes through the primary winding of T2, the energy of which is calculated by the formula 1.2 (E is the energy (J), C is the capacitance C9 + C10 (μF), U is the voltage (in)). At U = 450v and C = 23 μF, the energy will be 2.33 J. The operation threshold is set by the R14 cutter. Capacitor C6 or C7 (depending on the position of the switch S3) - limits the power of the device, otherwise it will tend to infinity, and the circuit will burn out.

Capacitor C6 provides maximum power ("MAX"), C7 - demo ("DEMO"), which allows you to admire the electric discharge without the risk of burning the device and / or putting the battery down :) (when you turn on the "DEMO" mode, you also need to turn off S4). The capacitance of C6 and C7 is calculated using the formula 1.1, or simply selected (for a power of 45 watts at a frequency of 17 KHz, the capacity will be about 0.02 μF). HL1 - a fluorescent lamp (LB4, LB6 or similar (C8 is selected)), placed for disguise - so that the device looks like a fancy flashlight and does not arouse suspicion of various kinds police officers and other individuals (otherwise they may be taken away, I had a case - they took away a similar device). Essno, you can do without a lamp. Elements R5-C2 determine the frequency of the generator, at the specified ratings f = ~ 17KHz. Rizyuk R11 limits the output voltage, you can do without it at all - just connect R16-C5 to the case. Diode D1 protects the circuit from damage when connected in reverse polarity. The fuse is for any fire safety (for example: if a thread closes somewhere, the battery may burst (there were cases)).

Now for assembling the device: you can assemble the entire device on a breadboard, but it is recommended to solder the pulse circuit (C9-C10-R13-R14-C11-D4-R15-SCR1) by hinged mounting, while the wires connecting C9-C10, SCR1 and T2 should be as short as possible. The same applies to elements Q1, Q2, C4 and T1. Place transformers T1 and T2 away from each other.

T1 is wound on two annular cores folded together from М2000НМ1, standard size К32 * 20 * 6. First, a winding of 3 - 320 turns of PEL 0.25 is wound, turn to turn. Windings 1 and 2 each contain 8 turns of PEL 0.8 ... 1.0. They are wound simultaneously in two wires, the turns should be evenly distributed along the magnetic circuit.

T2 is wound on a core made of transformer plates. The plates must be insulated from each other with a film (paper, tape, etc.). The cross-sectional area of the core must be at least 450 square millimeters. First, a winding of 1 - 10 ... 15 turns of PEL wire 1.0 ... 1.2 is wound. Winding 2 contains 1000 ... 1500 turns and is wound in layers, turn to turn, each layer of winding is insulated with several layers of tape or capacitor film (which can be obtained by breaking the smoothing conder from the LDS lamp. Then it is all filled with epoxy resin. Attention - the primary winding must be carefully isolate from the secondary! Otherwise, it may turn out to be some kind of nasty (the device may fail, or it may shock the owner. Moreover, it’s not sickly ...) Switch S1 is a fuse type (with SUCH power, caution will not hurt), S2 is a button switching on, both switches must be rated for a current of at least 10A.

A distinctive feature of the circuit is that everyone can customize it for themselves (in the sense for the enemy :) The output power of the device can be in the range from 30 to 75 watts (doing less than 30, IMHO, is impractical). And more than 75 is just bad, tk. with a further increase in power, the efficiency will not be much greater, and the risk will increase significantly. Well, the dimensions of the device will turn out to be a little that.). The output voltage is 35 ... 50 thousand volts. The discharge frequency must be at least 18 ... 20 per second. The recommended parameters are 40 watts, the energy of a single pulse is 1.75J at a voltage of 40Kv. (if you lower the voltage, you can reduce the pulse energy, the efficiency will remain the same. 1.75J at 40Kv will be about 2.15J at 50Kv. But making the voltage less than 35 Kv is impractical, because then the skin resistance, i.e. current in the impulse will be insufficient).