One of the most popular materials in construction and many other manufacturing industries is wood. Therefore, there is often a need to glue wooden parts in order to obtain. For this, an extensive range of different compositions is offered, thanks to which there is no simpler task than gluing wood to wood.
Types of glue
Of all the varieties of glue, differing in their composition and characteristics, it is necessary to choose the one suitable for solving the corresponding problem in order to obtain perfect result.
- quickly and efficiently glues wood, leaving virtually no traces. But when exposed to water, as well as low and high temperatures, it partially loses its properties.
- “Moment” is a universal waterproof adhesive for gluing wood and more. It is also effective for gluing other materials to wood. Provides instant grip.
- for wood does not lose its properties under the influence of high temperatures, does not dry out or crumble. Therefore, it is most often used in carpentry.
- characterized by increased adhesion when gluing hard wood. Full adhesion is achieved 20 hours after application. Not afraid of moisture, resistant to high temperatures and prolonged loads.
- Casein glue has the same characteristics as polyurethane glue. The disadvantage is its ability to change the color of the glued wood.
- Suitable for all types of wood, dries completely after 24 hours and leaves no marks.
Which composition to choose
When deciding how to glue wood to wood, it is worth considering the versatility of using the adhesive composition. Some types are only suitable for working with a certain type of wood, others are capable of gluing completely different types of wood.
It is also of great importance what specific goals need to be achieved, for example, gluing broken wooden objects or performing facade works. The composition of the glue and its quality play an important role.
Household recipes
There are many recipes on how to make high-quality wood glue with your own hands. To do this, you can purchase ready-made casein in powder form or get it at home. Place low-fat milk in a warm place to sour. When it has fermented, filter it with gauze and wash the remaining casein in water and boil to remove fat. Then spread it on paper, dry it thoroughly and mix with borax (1 part borax to 10 parts casein) until the consistency of dough. Dilute the resulting mass with water (2 parts) and use the resulting glue immediately, since it hardens after 2 hours.
General gluing rules
There are rules for gluing wooden parts that must be followed regardless of what adhesive composition is chosen.
First you need to thoroughly clean the surface. This can be done using sandpaper or a file. After this, dry the parts and apply a thin layer of adhesive using a brush and rub in lightly. All surfaces intended for connection are lubricated with glue, then they are pressed tightly against each other using a press or other method until the composition is completely cured.
When working with any glue, mandatory precautions are required, since even the most harmless composition can sometimes cause a severe allergic reaction. Therefore, wood gluing must be carried out in rubber gloves. If glue does get on the skin, you need to carefully wipe it off and thoroughly wash the affected area with soap. If the composition gets into your eyes, rinse them immediately with running water.
If you carefully understand how to glue wood to wood, and strictly follow the instructions for using the adhesive composition, then the place where the parts are joined can turn out to be much stronger than the wood itself.
Experts who work with wood know that the glue for this material must be reliable, durable, and waterproof. Moreover, non-toxicity and versatility, as well as cost, play a big role. As we see, there are many factors influencing the buyer’s choice. But how can an ignorant person determine which glue to choose so that the purchase meets all the requirements? Considering that today the widest range of products is offered on the market, potential consumer difficult to do the first time right choice. Therefore, in order not to make a mistake when purchasing wood glue, it is necessary to study the features of this material.
How to glue wood?
The retail network offers a wide variety of wood adhesives that have individual characteristics And characteristic differences. The most popular types of wood adhesives:
- PVA. Everyone has been familiar with this composition since childhood. It perfectly glues wood surfaces and requires 24 hours for final drying.
- BF adhesive compositions. The main advantage is high strength and durability. It takes no more than an hour to completely dry. If necessary, speed up the hardening process, the mixture can be heated.
- Waterproof glue for gluing wood - t It contains one component that is suitable for gluing any wood.
- Adhesive syndeticone composition. Before use, you need to heat and wait for the composition to swell. Complete drying time is at least 24 hours.
- The best glue for wood, which is widely used among people, is “Moment”.
- If it is necessary to use a moisture-resistant adhesive, we recommend epoxy, which exhibits high stability to oily compounds.
- The best material for joining wood is Kleiberit. It is waterproof and reliably connects layers of wood.
- A polyurethane-based composition allows you to fill the structure of the wood, creating a complete product.
- Casein glue is waterproof and heat resistant.
Characteristics
One of the most common adhesive compositions is PVA glue for wood. This is a non-toxic, absolutely safe material with an unlimited shelf life. PVA is easily applied to the surface and reliably bonds the wood. This type of glue is used in furniture production. However, you need to know that PVA has low water resistance and moisture resistance. Therefore, it is not recommended to be used for gluing materials that are intended to be used in wet rooms and outdoors.
To reliably join wood with adhesives, compounds from the BF series are often used. These types of adhesives are frost-resistant and elastic. Thanks to these characteristics, BF adhesives can be used with your own hands for exterior work, as well as for joining wood with metal, glass, and plastics. BF compositions should be applied to a previously cleaned and degreased surface. The initial layer, which acts as a primer, is left to dry for an hour. Afterwards, a second layer is applied and the two halves of the glued product are connected and left until completely dry.
Syndeticone glue is an excellent tool for gluing wood to other materials. This composition includes dry wood glue, slaked lime and sugar. He has high strength characteristics and resistance to atmospheric influences.
Polyurethane-based adhesive composition is very popular because it is highly resistant to temperature changes, humidity, and is suitable for gluing hard wood.
Today, more and more often, professionals working with wood with their own hands use assembly adhesive for wood. It is universal, heat-resistant, and can withstand low temperatures. The assembly adhesive composition contains water-based acrylic, which indicates its safety for the environment.
Casein glue is moisture resistant. It is excellent for gluing wood, paper, fabrics, cardboard, and leather. To obtain an adhesive composition, powdered casein should be mixed with water and brought to the state of sour cream. To achieve the desired consistency, the composition must be stirred for an hour. After this, the mixture can be applied to the surfaces and, after waiting for five minutes, they can be combined. When using casein glue for gluing wood products, you need to remember that this composition leaves stains on the surface. Therefore, you need to work with it very carefully.
To summarize, we see that there are many adhesive compositions for gluing wood. Choosing suitable look glue, water resistance, versatility, reliability and resistance to temperature changes should be taken into account. If wood needs to be spliced, best choice is Kleiberite. In other cases, you can use PVA, BF, “Moment”.
Conducting renovation work When repairing furniture or making anything, we need to use certain adhesive compositions. Today there are many brands of adhesives that are intended for wooden products. Now on the shelves there are many well-known compounds and innovative products created using modern technologies.
The use of wood glue serves various purposes and tasks: fixing or connecting different structures, creating safe, insulated joints that are protected from moisture penetration, etc. You can choose the right glue if you determine the purpose and purpose of its use.
Application of glue
Waterproof glue has enhanced hydrophobic properties and holds objects better. When covering rooms with condensation or water tanks, as well as rooms with high humidity, these qualities of the glue will have good service. Moisture-resistant wood glue does not react to low temperature, it is good to use it when lining external and internal elements. The frost resistance and heat resistance of such adhesives will help to veneer open structures, which are periodically frozen and flooded. .
Waterproof adhesive has a high adhesion adhesive composition, can be used for all types of surfaces. Waterproof adhesive is used to attach the boards from natural stone, ceramics, ceramic granite products. These types of glue have a very wide range of applications, they can glue wood, ceramics, leather, vinyl, glass, plastic, cardboard, and all this in various combinations.
Selecting the type of glue
Today, there is a wide range of excellent adhesives with various properties, such as moisture and heat resistance, slow or fast hardening, longer shelf life from the moment of preparation, etc. Many adhesives provide such a strong connection that the adhesive layer is sometimes stronger than wood. Let's find out what types of glue are used most often:
- Animal glues are traditional adhesives carpenter Animal skins and bones are used to make them. Previously, such adhesives were the most important in the woodworking industry.
- Hot-melt adhesives are cylindrical rods that are used in specialized glue guns. These types of glue are very convenient, they harden in a few seconds, they are indispensable when working with templates and models.
- PVA is a polyvinyl acetate emulsion that hardens when dried or penetrates the wood. This glue is non-toxic and has an infinite shelf life. PVA is a moisture-resistant glue that dries and becomes transparent. Often used for furniture production.
- Urea-formaldehyde adhesives are moisture resistant, can fill cavities well, and they harden through chemical reaction. This glue is a powder; it must be mixed with water and applied to the bonding areas. There are also two-component adhesives, having a liquid hardener. It is necessary to coat one of the surfaces to be glued with a hardener, and the other with glue mixed with water.
- Contact types of glue are thinly distributed over two surfaces. First, it partially grasps the two surfaces, and then quickly glues them together. This type It is good to use glue when gluing melamine coating on table tops, and other types of glue are used when gluing veneer. The glue smells quite unpleasant.
- Epoxy adhesives have two components - a resin and a hardener; they are mixed in a certain amount to form an adhesive. Freezing epoxy adhesives form long-lasting, insoluble transparent seams. Basically, these types of adhesives are used if the product to be glued will be in conditions of high humidity.
Nowadays, moisture-resistant wood glue has a lot of advantages, as well as a large assortment of different types and a wide range of applications. Lots of options to choose from for a superior quality product. Modern adhesives are resistant to changes in temperature and air humidity, have a shorter period of complete curing, and have much greater durability than before. And these are not all the advantages of moisture-resistant adhesives.
When evaluating the variety of adhesive materials available, it is often difficult to know which adhesive is best to choose for a particular wood project. Optimal type The composition to create the most durable connection is selected based on many factors. The characteristics of wood are taken into account (its oiliness, degree of adhesion, etc.), the characteristics of the materials being joined (wood to wood, plastic, etc.), the nature of the loads on the adhesive joint, operating conditions (humidity, temperature changes) and a number of other points. Having several basic types of glue in your workshop and knowing their properties well, you can easily choose the best option for solving any carpentry problem.
One- and two-component PVA adhesives
Application area. One-component adhesives based on polyvinyl acetate (PVA) resins are universal option For various projects made of wood for indoor use. Due to their high moisture resistance, two-component compositions (with the additional inclusion of a hardener) are considered the best option for gluing wooden products used in outdoors (garden furniture, elements of external doors, window structures).
Performance properties. If used rarely, the composition may separate and form sediment. Therefore, it is recommended to shake or stir thoroughly before use. The glue is extremely easy to use.
Traces of dried glue appear under the stain and varnish layer.
Open time: 3-5 min.
Liquid polyurethane glue
Application area. Creates a strong connection not only when gluing wood to wood, but also when working with materials such as metal, ceramics, plastic, etc. It is indispensable when creating projects from oily wood.
Performance properties. Polyurethane glue consists almost entirely of solid synthetic resins. It has high strength, heat and water resistance. Hardens faster humid environment Therefore, it is recommended to slightly wet the surfaces to be joined beforehand. After opening the bottle, carefully monitor the expiration date. Read more about polyurethane glue you can read in the article.
Compatible with finishing compounds . For gluing wood, special tinted PU adhesives are used, which form a light brown seam that is invisible on the texture of the product.
Open time: 20 minutes.
Polyurethane hot melt adhesive
Application area. Creating connections without fixing with a clamp; gluing loosely fitting elements with minor gaps; working with oily wood.
Performance properties. Polyurethane hot melt adhesive has very high adhesion to difficult-to-glue materials. The elements are fastened in 30-60 seconds, without the need to create large clamping forces and use clamps. But drying takes much longer: the gluing cannot be subjected to stress for the next 24 hours.
Compatibility with finishing compounds. When used as finishing nitro varnish, swelling may form in places where the materials come into contact.
Open time: 30-60 sec.
Epoxy adhesive
Application area. Gluing wood to wood, as well as dissimilar materials; creating strong and waterproof connections; filling gaps without loss of strength characteristics.
Performance properties. The adhesive consists of two components: resin and hardener. When mixed, they form a durable, water-resistant composition that does not shrink. By varying the ratio of the two components, you can adjust the working properties of the glue. When working with the material, large pressing forces are not required.
Compatibility with finishing compounds. It shows up under the stain, but is perfectly hidden under a layer of film coatings.
Open time: from one minute to an hour depending on percentage components.
Contact glue
Application area. Creation of elastic and waterproof seams that resist shock and vibration; gluing fabrics during production wooden furniture; sticking large plastic elements onto wooden surfaces.
Performance properties. The material is made on the basis of synthetic rubber and never hardens completely. The elements are glued together instantly, making it quite difficult to adjust the position of the parts. The connection is not phenomenally strong, but it is highly water resistant and able to absorb shock loads.
Compatibility with finishing compounds. Incompatible with solvent-based finishes because they destroy the adhesive layer.
Open time: from half an hour to 3 hours.
Cyanoacrylate glue (superglue)
Application area. Despite the fact that this glue is used primarily for household purposes, it is equally widely used when working with wood. Superglue is indispensable if you need to fasten small parts, for example, segments. It is used to temporarily fix elements at intermediate stages of work on a project. Cyanoacrylate adhesive has been successfully used to seal small cracks in wood surfaces.
Performance properties. It hardens in a matter of seconds; correction of the position of the parts being glued is almost impossible.
Compatibility with finishing compounds. Connections using cyanoacrylate glue require filigree cleaning, since traces of it are not painted and appear under almost all types of finishes.
Open time: no more than 7 sec.
Bone glue
Application area. The best option for restoration old furniture, including antique ones.
Performance properties. The adhesive material is designed to dry under high pressure. Bone glue provides a reversible wood-to-wood bond: the joint can be disassembled using water or alcohol.
Compatibility with finishing compounds. The glue is tinted with aniline dye to match the final finish.
Open time: 30 minutes.
What is the water resistance class of the adhesive: D1, D2, D3 and D4?
To determine the water resistance of adhesive joints in Europe they use standard DIN EN 204. This classification has successfully taken root in our country.
Operating conditions for adhesive joints:
D1– in rooms at a temperature not exceeding 50°C (a short increase is allowed). D1 glue is designed for wood with a moisture content of up to 15%.