Syn .: sandy tsmin.
Perennial herbaceous plant with a woody rhizome and bright, long-lasting flowers. It is also known as sandy tsmin. For medicinal purposes, it is used as a choleretic, antibacterial, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory agent, as well as to increase appetite.
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Flower formula
Formula of sandy immortelle flowers: tubular marginal flowers -* H (0-∞) L (5) T (0) P (2); tubular median flowers - * H (0-∞) L (5) T (5) P (2).
In medicine
In official medicine, sandy immortelle or cmin is one of the most important plants in the treatment of liver diseases. Flowers are usually used as medicinal raw materials. Infusions of flowers and dry extract of sandy immortelle are used as a choleretic agent for acute and chronic liver diseases, especially with icteric forms, cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and hepatitis, biliary dyskinesia. Helichrysum flowers are also effective in treating kidney disease when combined with other herbs.
Classification
Sandy immortelle or cmin (Latin Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.) Belongs to the Compositae family (Latin Compositae, or Asteraceae). The genus immortelle or Tsmin (Helichrysum) is one of the largest, contains about 500 species, widespread in Eurasia, Africa, Madagascar, Australia and New Zealand.
Botanical description
Sandy immortelle or cmin is a herbaceous plant 20-40 cm high. Rhizome is branched, dark brown, woody. Stems ascending, branched only in the inflorescence. The leaves are alternate, entire, like the stems are whitish-tomentose; the lower ones are oblong-obovate, narrowed into a petiole, the upper and middle ones are sessile, lanceolate-linear, obtuse. Flowers - in spherical baskets, collected at the tops of the stems in dense corymbose inflorescences. All flowers are tubular, yellow or orange, with a tuft of soft hairs. Formula of flowers of sandy immortelle: tubular marginal flowers - * H (0-∞) L (5) T (0) P (2); tubular median flowers - * H (0-∞) L (5) T (5) P (2). Fruits are small, oblong, brown achenes with a tuft. Blossoms in June-August, fruits ripen in August-September. In some years, secondary flowering is observed (August - September). Secondary flowering is also observed after plucking the inflorescences, while the baskets are formed in the axils of the upper leaves. Each basket blooms for about 10-15 days; the first to bloom are the central baskets of the inflorescence. Propagated by seeds and vegetative growth from rhizomes.
Spread
In our flora, Sandy Immortelle or Tsmin is found almost everywhere, more often in the south and in the middle zone of the European part, less often in the northern regions, the steppe part Western Siberia and in the Caucasus. Grows on dry and sandy, less often stony soils; occurs in steppes, pine forests, forest edges, glades and wastelands.
Distribution regions on the map of Russia.
Procurement of raw materials
Flower baskets with the upper (1-2 cm) parts of the stems are used as medicinal raw materials in medicine. Raw materials are harvested at the beginning of flowering, before opening the side baskets and dried in a ventilated room, spreading out in a thin layer or in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C, flowers discolor in the sun. The dried raw materials are stored in a dark place. The finished raw immortelle consists of whole spherical baskets about 7 mm in diameter, of numerous tubular flowers, lemon-yellow or orange, located on a bare receptacle; the leaves of the wrapper are dry, filmy, shiny, lemon yellow... Raw materials have a weak aromatic odor, spicy-bitter taste. The moisture content of raw materials should be no more than 12%. Shelf life is 3 years.
Chemical composition
Sandy immortelle flowers contain flavonoids and flavonoglycosides, coumarins, tannins, triterpene saponins, essential oil, resins, organic acids, carotenoids, vitamins, polysaccharides, vitamin K, ascorbic acid, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese salts; copper, aluminum, chromium, polysaccharides.
Pharmacological properties
Sandy immortelle has antibacterial activity, which is associated with the presence of resin acids. The infusion of flowers has a choleretic, cholekinetic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effect. Strengthens the secretion of bile and increases the content of bilirubin in it, increases the tone of the gallbladder and promotes the outflow of bile. Has a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the sphincters of the gallbladder and biliary tract, changes the viscosity and chemical composition of bile. Stimulating the secretion of gastric juice and slowing down the evacuation function of the stomach and intestines, it promotes better digestion of food. It activates the exocrine activity of the pancreas, dilates the blood vessels of the intestine.
Application in traditional medicine
Sandy immortelle flowers are an ancient folk medicine used for diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. Popular rumor has it that the yellow inflorescences of the immortelle indicate its healing properties with jaundice (hepatitis). This is one of the cases where medicinal action the plants attributed to him by tradition fully coincided with scientific data. IN traditional medicine dry cmin inflorescences are used in a wider range. They are used as a diuretic and hemostatic agent. A good therapeutic effect is given by decoctions of inflorescences in case of indigestion, kidney stones, inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and bladder. They alleviate the condition of patients with acute cystitis, difficult and painful urination, edema caused by renal failure. Drink a decoction of cmin and with inflammation of the sciatic nerve. The infusion of the plant is used to stop bleeding in hyperpolymenorrhea, ovarian dysfunction and uterine fibroids.
Literature
1. State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. Eleventh edition. Issue 1 (1987), Issue 2 (1990).
2. State Register medicines... Moscow 2004.
3. Medicinal plants of the State Pharmacopoeia. Pharmacognosy. (Ed. By I.A. Samylina, V.A. Severtsev). - M., "AMNI", 1999.
4. Ilyina T.A. Medicinal plants of Russia (Illustrated encyclopedia). - M., "EKSMO" 2006.
5. Zamyatina N.G. Medicinal plants. Encyclopedia of the Nature of Russia. M. 1998.
6. Mashkovsky M.D. "Medicines". In 2 volumes - M., Publishing House New wave", 2000.
7. "Phytotherapy with the basics of clinical pharmacology" ed. V.G. Kukesa. - M.: Medicine, 1999.
8.P.S. Chikov. "Medicinal plants" M .: Medicine, 2002.
9. Sokolov S.Ya., Zamotaev I.P. Handbook of medicinal plants (herbal medicine). - M .: VITA, 1993.
10. Mannfrid Palov. "Encyclopedia medicinal plants". Ed. Cand. biol. Sciences I.A. Gubanov. Moscow, "Mir", 1998.
11. Turova A.D. "Medicinal plants of the USSR and their application." Moscow. "Medicine". 1974.
12. Lesiovskaya E.E., Pastushenkov L.V. "Pharmacotherapy with the basics of herbal medicine." Tutorial... - M .: GEOTAR-MED, 2003.
13. Medicinal Plants: A Reference Guide. / N.I. Grinkevich, I.A. Balandin, V.A. Ermakova and others; Ed. N.I. Grinkevich - M .: Higher school, 1991 .-- 398 p.
14. Plants for us. Reference manual / Ed. G.P. Yakovleva, K.F. Blinova. - Publishing house "Educational book", 1996. - 654 p.
15. Medicinal herbal raw materials. Pharmacognosy: Textbook. allowance / Ed. G.P. Yakovleva and K.F. Blinova. - SPb.: SpetsLit, 2004 .-- 765 p.
16. Tsitsin N.V. Atlas of medicinal plants of the USSR. M. 1962.
17. Shantser I.A. Plants middle band European Russia... Field Atlas. M. 2007.
Sandy immortelle is a herb from the Asteraceae family; it looks silvery due to its dense pubescence.
Description of the plant
A perennial plant, which grows in height by about 50-60 cm. The immortelle has a single straight stem, only in rare cases there are several of them. However, only one of them (central) bears fruit. In nature, the plant forms dense thickets.
The surface of the whole plant is covered with abundant pubescence, which makes it appear silvery. The root of the immortelle is short, slightly branching, colored black-brown. Its thickness is from 5 to 15 mm.
The leaves are arranged alternately. Their length is about six centimeters. The middle and upper leaves are linear-lanceolate, sessile, the lower and basal leaves are attached to the stem with petioles, obovate or spatula-linear in shape. In secondary shoots, the leaves have a slightly different shape.
Sandy immortelle flowers are bright yellow or orange. They are collected in flower baskets located at the top of the stems. The plant starts blooming in June and finishes in August. Re-flowering is quite common around this time. Each basket blooms for up to two weeks.
Fruit - covered with small splashes of brown or brown color box. The seeds are very small (1000 seeds weigh 0.5 g). They fully ripen in September. Sandy immortelle reproduces both by seeds and vegetatively. The plucked inflorescence retains its bright color for many years, for which the immortelle got its name.
Spread
This plant is very widespread. It grows in Europe (except for the Far North), in Central Asia, in the Caucasus, in Western Siberia. Prefers sandy, drained soils, as well as salt marshes and stony soils. It grows on the edges of forests (especially like pine forests), in meadows, on chalk outcrops and in dunes. Sandy immortelle, a photo of which can be viewed in all reference books on medicinal herbs, - a plant that really needs a lot of light.
Chemical composition
It's pretty tricky. Plant inflorescences contain:
- flavonoids;
- vitamins;
- essential oils;
- high molecular weight alcohols;
- phthalides;
- steroid compounds;
- inositol;
- tannins;
- mineral elements;
- fatty acid;
- dyes.
Healing properties
Sandy immortelle, the medicinal properties and contraindications of which are well known in both traditional and folk medicine, is used to treat many diseases of the genitourinary system and bladder. The native forms of immortelle are powerful diuretics and choleretic agents. Preparations prepared on their basis effectively help with inflammation of the gallbladder and gallstone disease.
The plant in its inflorescences contains flamin, which is successfully used in the treatment of hepatocholecystitis and cholecystitis, including chronic. The sandy immortelle is best known for this. Its properties are revealed in tea, which is recommended by many healers. In addition, it relieves the condition of patients with kidney disease due to its diuretic effect.
The antibacterial properties of the sandy immortelle are well known. Its use as an infusion or decoction for rinsing, inhalations, lotions gives a positive result. This is explained by the fact that the baskets of the plant contain arenarin. This is the most powerful phytoncide that kills all bacteria known to date. In addition, the sandy immortelle, a photo of which you can see in our article, is used in the treatment of the following diseases:
- hepatitis;
- atherosclerosis (stressful condition);
- small stones and sand in the gallbladder and kidneys;
- colitis, enteritis;
- some types of gynecological diseases (thrush)
- gout;
- rheumatism.
A decoction of cmin (immortelle) is taken with inflammation of the sciatic nerve, to stop bleeding with uterine fibroids, with ovarian dysfunction and hyperpolymenorrhea.
Patients note a decrease in nausea, pain in the liver and flatulence, as well as the disappearance of yellowness of the sclera and skin. Vomiting completely stops, the size of the liver decreases.
The antibiotic "Arenarin" was obtained from the immortelle. Ointment based on it (arenarin 1%) is used to treat thermal and chemical eye burns. "Arenarin" has an antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria (streptococci and staphylococci), promotes the acceleration of regenerative processes in tissues.
Despite the impressive list of diseases that the plant copes with, the sandy immortelle is not so harmless. He also has contraindications (we will talk about them a little later). Therefore, we strongly recommend that you consult with your doctor before starting treatment.
Procurement of raw materials
Experienced herbalists recommend collecting immortelle inflorescences at the beginning of flowering. This should not be done later, as the plant disintegrates after drying. It is best to cut the baskets on a clear and sunny day, when the dew has dried. You should not tear them with your hands, as you can damage the plant or pull it out by the root.
The collected raw materials should be in baskets, bags, pouches for no more than four hours - then parts of this delicate plant begin to deteriorate. The immortelle can be considered completely dry when the thickest branches begin to break when bent. You can also use the oven to dry the immortelle. Optimum temperature - 50 degrees. The shelf life of a dry immortelle is no more than three years.
Properly dried raw materials have a spicy bitter taste and a weak aroma. It should be stored in dark place... In the light, it will quickly lose its medicinal properties and presentation.
It is important to remember that the harvesting of immortelle inflorescences should be done in the same place no more than 4 times a season. Moreover, the procurement on the same block should be alternated (skip the year). Plants must not be pulled out by the roots and plucked from the stems.
Application
The herb of the immortelle sandy improves the secretory function of gastric enzymes. It also normalizes the digestion process. Sandy immortelle is one of the best antispastic agents that can improve the condition of the smooth muscles on the intestinal walls and expand its blood vessels. As a result, cholesterol is excreted along with bile.
ethnoscience
Traditional healers use flowers and herbs of the sand immortelle. Infusions, decoctions, teas are prepared from them.
Decoction
To prepare it, you will need 25 grams of dried immortelle flowers and the same amount of a three-leaf watch. Mix the herbs and cover them with two liters of water. This is best done in an enamel saucepan. Put the mixture on low heat and simmer until the water is halved in volume. Refrigerate the composition, strain and you can take ¼ glass for thirty days. It is a good choleretic agent.
Broth No. 2
It has a choleretic effect and is also used for itchy dermatosis and for the anthelmintic effect.
Pour 10 g of dried flowers with a glass (200 ml) hot water, close the lid and place in a water bath for 15 minutes. Then refrigerate and strain the composition. Bring the volume of the broth to 200 ml with boiled water and let it brew for another two hours in a cool place. Take ½ cup three times a day.
Treatment of skin diseases
10 g of dried flowers of the immortelle pour 100 ml of 20% alcohol. It is desirable that the container in which the tincture is prepared be made of dark glass. Close it tightly and place in a dark place out of the reach of children to infuse for seven days. Dosage - 15 drops, diluted in 50 ml of water, half an hour before meals.
Treating sinusitis
Take 20 g each of centaury, immortelle and tansy flowers. Mix the herbs and fill them with a glass of boiling water. Let it brew for 40 minutes. You do not need to filter this product. Apply the mixture along with the flowers to your nose, wrapping them in a tissue.
Collecting immortelle
One more thing effective remedy based on the immortelle. You will need:
- immortal flowers (dry) - 40 g;
- water shamrock leaves - 30g;
- peppermint - 20 g;
- coriander fruits - 20 g.
Mix the herbs well. Take 20 grams of the resulting mass and pour boiling water over the raw material (400 ml). Let the mixture sit for 20 minutes. Take ½ cup three times a day.
Sandy immortelle - medicinal properties and contraindications
In our opinion, we have described the medicinal properties of this plant in detail. But now it is necessary to talk about contraindications.
The immortelle is non-toxic. However, doctors do not recommend taking it for a long time, as it accumulates in the body, which leads to stagnant processes in the liver.
The intake of drugs based on immortelle is strictly contraindicated for people with high acidity. With extreme caution (and preferably under the supervision of doctors), people suffering from hypertension should take medicines from immortelle, since such drugs can sharply raise blood pressure.
It is forbidden to take such medicines for pregnant women, nursing mothers and babies under two years old.
Sandy immortelle, the medicinal properties of which are well known, finds other applications in our life. For example, if the inflorescences of this plant are placed in a closet where woolen or fur clothes are stored, then a mole will not start in it.
The immortelle herb is an excellent natural dye of bright yellow color.
"Naringen" is made from immortelle - a drug that is widely used in agriculture for processing tomatoes.
According to legend, the sandy tsmin plant appeared on the remains of the bodies of lovers, who were torn to pieces in the forest by wild wolves right after the wedding. As the belief goes, a hunter passing by noticed yellow flowers that had grown in a terrible place and exclaimed "You will live forever!" Such a story, of course, hardly took place, but sandy tsmin (other names - immortelle, dried flowers, golden flowers) can really stand in a vase an order of magnitude longer than other flowers.
The use of sandy cmin in traditional and "home" medicine is based on its various therapeutic properties, and folk remedies and pharmaceutical preparations are made from the plant.
Tsmin sandy: botany, habitat
The perennial plant belongs to the Bessmertnik genus, the Astrovye family. Sandy cmin reaches a height of 30 cm, its stem is erect or ascending, covered with dense white pubescence, branches in the inflorescence. Tsmin rhizome is stiff, dark brown in color. The leaves of the plant are alternate, whole, the lower basal ones are obovate, tapering towards the petiole.
The flowers of the immortelle are small, have a yellow or orange corolla, a tuft with hairs. They are collected in baskets-inflorescences, attached to the tops of the stem, united in corymbose panicles. Sandy cmin blooms by the end of summer, when they collect raw materials for medicines (flowers). You can meet dried flowers on sandy soil, which gave rise to the name sandy cmin. It grows mainly on the slopes, in pine forests, young spruce and pine forests throughout Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, Siberia.
Sandy cmin: application and composition
The beneficial properties of the plant are due to its composition:
The use of sandy cmin in conservative medicine is known to many: it is included in the choleretic collection, sold in the form of granules, dry extract, Flamin tablets. The plant has a regenerating effect on the tissues of the liver, gallbladder, helps to remove stones. Immortelle improves the function of the stomach, pancreas, and is used in the treatment of gastritis. Known and anthelmintic, astringent, carminative action of dried flowers.
The cmin sandy plant optimizes digestion in the stomach, intestines, treats pathologies of the bladder, kidneys, is useful for gout, rheumatism, and lowers blood cholesterol. Means from immortelle anesthetize, especially for headaches, are used for bronchitis, diseases of the genital area, for postpartum hemorrhages, skin problems - diathesis, lichen, dermatitis, psoriasis, abscesses. Dried flowers are also useful for animal bites, as they can prevent the development of rabies.
Many ointments and poultices with immortelle are designed to heal a person after burns, heal wounds. You can also use the plant as an anti-inflammatory agent for any pathology of internal organs, as well as lungs, respiratory tract.
Folk recipes with sandy cmin
Practitioners of non-traditional methods of therapy should know that, despite the benefits and widespread use, sandy cmin has its own contraindications. These include, first of all, hypertension: in severe cases, the plant cannot be treated, with light use it is limited. Immortelle is also contraindicated in case of intolerance, pregnancy, lactation. It is impossible to carry out cmin therapy for more than 3 months due to its low toxicity.
For atopic dermatitis
The specified skin disease can be treated with a tincture of the plant. Sandy cmin (10 gr.) Pour 100 ml of vodka, leave the product to infuse for 7 days in the dark. After the end of the term for dermatitis, take the tincture inside, 15 drops four times a day, diluting it in 50 ml of water. Reception is carried out half an hour before a meal, so they are treated until the symptoms are relieved.
Tsmin from cholecystitis
The use of sandy cmin against pathologies of the gallbladder is perhaps the most popular in medicine. If acute or chronic cholecystitis suffers, a spoonful of plant flowers is brewed in boiling water (400 ml), boiled in a water bath for 10 minutes. Insist on this remedy after cooking for half an hour, after which it is filtered. Take a decoction of dried flowers should be warm, 100 ml 30 minutes before a meal three times a day, the treatment course - up to 15 days.
From gallstone disease
3 teaspoons of sandy cmin's baskets are poured into 0.5 liters of boiled (cold) water, insisted for 3 hours. Then they drink 100 ml four times a day on an empty stomach in a course of 14 days.
Cmin sandy from antacid gastritis
Grind 15 stalks of immortelle with flowers into crumbs, boil in a liter of water for 10 minutes over low heat. Add the same amount of hot milk and a tablespoon of honey to the broth, taken in a volume of 100 ml. You need to drink the medicine half an hour before a meal three times a day for 4 days, then take a two-day break. The total duration of therapy is 60 days.
For biliary dyskinesia
In order to alleviate and treat this pathology, it is necessary to regularly take cholagogue fees. It is very effective to cook them on the basis of sandy cmin, which is included in many recipes. Here are the three most effective of them, according to which you need to be treated for 10-14 days:
- Mix 40 gr. immortelle (flowers), 20 gr. shamrock (leaves), 20 gr. kisnets (fruits), 20 gr. mint (leaves). Brew a teaspoon of the collection with 400 ml of boiling water, soak for an hour under the lid. Strain, drink 100 ml three times a day on an empty stomach.
- Connect 30 gr. immortelle (flowers), 40 gr. mint (leaves), 20 gr. coriander (fruit), 30 gr. shamrock (leaves). You need to prepare and take the product in a manner similar to that described above.
- Take 50 gr. herbal part of yarrow, 20 gr. rhubarb (root), 30 gr. immortelle (flowers). Brew a spoonful of collection with a glass of water, leave for half an hour. Drink in the evenings at one time for a month.
For sinusitis
You need 15 grams. sandy cmin, the same number of tansy flowers, as well as centaury. All the resulting raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water, let it brew for half an hour. Then the swollen plants are squeezed out, applied to the area of \u200b\u200binflamed paranasal sinuses, and the application is covered with a napkin on top. Keep for half an hour, repeat therapy with folk remedies with dried flowers twice a day until recovery.
The use of cmin sandy for hepatitis
In order to facilitate the work of the liver with hepatitis, prepare the following collection: 30 gr. Tsmina (flowers), 10 gr. flaxseed (grass), 10 gr. centaury (grass), 20 gr. corn stigmas. A spoonful of collection is brewed with a glass of water, insisted for half an hour. Take 100 ml three times a day on an empty stomach for 21 days.
From cystitis
This tool is used not only in the treatment of cystitis, but also from papillomatosis of the bladder. A tablespoon of sandy cmin flowers is brewed with 300 ml of boiling water, left in a thermos overnight. After they drink 50 ml five times a day before meals for 25 days.
Tsmin sandy from thrush
When leucorrhoea appears in women, douching is carried out with a decoction of sandy cmin. To prepare the product, a spoonful of the plant (in part of the flowers) is brewed with 300 ml of water, heated in a water bath for 10 minutes, strictly covered with a lid. Allow to cool, douching is carried out 2 times a day for at least a week. If necessary, the course of treatment with folk remedies based on dried flowers is repeated after 2 weeks. Other recipes for thrush.
Sandy immortelle is a great find for florists who specialize in decorating bouquets using dry plants. These flowers are able to compete with ornamental physalis or lunaria, as they stand perfectly in cut form and do not fade for years. But, of course, the most important quality of sand cmin is its beneficial properties.
Sandy immortelle or sandy cmin ( Helichrysum arenarium. Moench) belongs to the family Astrovye.
Its flowers retain their freshness and color for a long time, which is why the plant got its name. Among the people, the immortelle is often called cat's paws because, probably, its delicate inflorescences are similar in shape to cat's paws, and are soft like their pads. The immortelle also has a legendary name - "bad wind". According to legend, the wind helps the blind to open the sworn treasures. On the night of Ivan Kupala, with a bad wind, a catchment and a blooming fern in his hands, he had to pick a flower of a tear-grass and walk through the forest, lawn until the pain in his eyes appeared. And as soon as it appears, take a spade in your hands and quickly tear apart the ground: the sworn treasure should be under your feet.
Ancient people endowed it with supernatural properties, suggesting that the human soul migrates to the flower in order to communicate with living relatives and friends.
On this page you can familiarize yourself with the description of the sand cmin and find out how it is used.
What does the sandy immortelle look like and where does it grow
Sandy immortelle plant - perennial, herbaceous, tomentose-woolly-pubescent. Its underground stem part, the stem root, consists of lignified lower sections of perennial shoots bearing renewal buds at the top. The bases of the shoots are connected with a lignified hypocotyl, turning into a ligneous taproot. At a depth of 3-10 cm, lateral roots extend from the main root, as a rule, horizontal, bearing adventitious buds. The lateral roots are for the most part very thin, sometimes longer than the main root. The color of the roots is light brown.
As you can see in the photo, the sand immortelle has 5-10 flowering stems, they are ascending or erect, as a rule, not branched, 7-30 (60) cm tall, at the very base often with remnants of dead leaves:
The internodes of vegetative sterile shoots are shortened, as a result of which the shoot looks like a rosette; internodes of generative shoots are much longer.
Leaves are alternate, simple, whole-edged, with a small brownish tip at the top. Basal and lower stem leaves obovate-oblong, gradually narrowed towards the base into a petiole; the middle and upper stem leaves are smaller, linear-lanceolate or linear, sessile. Leaves of sterile shoots are oblong-elliptical, gradually narrowing into a petiole. Baskets wild plant sandy immortelle, almost spherical or broadly obovate, 3-6 (9) mm in diameter, collected 5-30 (up to 100) in a compact or branched loose scutellum; in a young state, the scutellum is capitate, often surrounded by several apical leaflets.
Peduncles of various lengths. The wrapper of each basket consists of an average of 45 obtuse, lemon-yellow, rarely orange leaves, loosely arranged in 3-6 (7) rows. By the end of flowering, the outer leaves of the envelope are broadly lanceolate or ovate, the middle ones are narrowly lanceolate, spatulate, the inner ones are narrow, linear. All leaflets have a brownish, more thickened stripe in the middle and a wide filmy edge. The receptacle is flat or slightly convex, finely pitched, light brown or dark brown. In the sandy cmin, each basket has 25 -45 (50) flowers.
Marginal flowers are few, female, the rest are bisexual, tubular.
Instead of a calyx, a crest is developed, usually consisting of 25 very thin, soft, serrated hairs, almost equal in length to the corolla. Corolla of five petals, fused into a tube, with a tapered top and an uneven fringed edge. 5 stamens, fused into a tube; filaments grow together with the corolla; the column is fringed, bipartite at the top. The pollen grains are spherical, lemon-yellow. Ovary with one ovule, inferior, elliptical, densely covered with capitate hairs. The fruits of the herb are sandy immortelle - oblong tetrahedral prismatic achenes, 2-3 mm long and about 1 mm wide. The weight of 1000 achenes collected from the side of the forest road is 0.048 g, and that of those growing in pine plantations is 0.055 g. The number of chromosomes is 14 and 28, which apparently indicates the presence of tetraploid forms. Blooms in June - August; fruits ripen in August - September.
See what the sandy cmin looks like in these photos:
In Russia, cmin grows in the European part, in the North Caucasus and in southern Siberia. Distributed in steppe regions, enters the forest-steppe and penetrates into the forest zone. Usually grows on sands, in pine forests, forest edges, clearings, open forests, dunes, wastelands, in pine plantations, on chalk and rocky outcrops. Where the sandy immortelle grows, with favorable conditions dense turf trees are formed. In clear sunny warm weather flowering plants spread a peculiar, very strong, but pleasant aroma.
When describing the sandy immortelle, it should be noted that it is considered an indicator of dry pine forests and suboreas. Lichen forests or white moss pine forests (Pinetum cladinosum), in which the immortelle most often grows in the forest zone, occupy elevated areas of the relief with poor sandy soils.
It is often found in thyme-lichen pine forests, with a crown density of 0.6-07 and with 65-70% of the ground cover. In the forest-steppe and steppe zones immortelle timed to steppe type vegetation and nowhere rises in the mountain-forest and alpine belts. However, in the north-west of the European part of Russia, for example, in the Pskov region, it enters the taiga-broad-leaved zone and the southern subzone of the taiga zone, where typical and, apparently, secondary habitats for it are dry steppe meadows and dry grass pine forests... With high abundance, the immortelle is found only in young pine forests, most often on the sands.
After about 10 years, when the crowns of the trees close, the light regime becomes unfavorable for the immortelle, its phytocenotic optimum is disturbed and the number of generative and then vegetative shoots decreases, and, finally, the immortelle completely falls out of the herbage.
Thus, the immortelle participates only in the first stages of successional changes observed after felling and fires in forest stands with a predominance of pine on the sands, and in essence is not a forest plant. The most characteristic habitats for H. arenarium are young pine plantations, up to about 10 years of age, as well as felling areas, burnt-out areas, and glades in dry borah-white moss.
Many plants growing together with the sandy immortelle (tsmin) suffer from a lack of moisture, especially in dry years. This is almost never reflected in the immortelle. It is a xerophyte with a number of anatomical, morphological and physiological adaptations to conditions of insufficient moisture, such as a well-developed root system, small leaves, tomentose pubescence, increased concentration of cell sap. H. arenarium is a light-loving plant of a temperate climate and thrives only in open places.
Basically, it grows on poor, less often on poor and very rarely - on rather rich, mostly acidic, poor in phosphorus and potassium soils. According to its natural habitats, sandy immortelle - psammophyte and oligotroph, can also settle on sandy loam, stony, limestone and even chernozem soils. Under crop conditions, it thrives on nutrient-rich soils.
Studies have established that with an increase in the content of phosphorus in the soil, the productivity of the immortelle increases, and with an increase in potassium it decreases.
Cultivation of sandy immortelle
Enough unpretentious planthowever it grows and develops better in sunny areas, preferring light, well-drained soils. Tsmin is drought-resistant, does not tolerate long-term waterlogging of the soil. Grows rapidly and multiplies well by dividing the bush. The plant must be transplanted once every 3-4 years, removing the old basal rosettes, since the central part of the curtain is exposed as it grows.
Cultivation of sandy immortelle in one place is possible from 4 to 7 years. The plant propagates by seeds, it is best to take fresh seeds, because over time, its germination decreases.
For digging in the fall, up to 30 g of nitrophos or nitroammophos is added per 1 m2. In the spring, the site is treated with a rake. For sowing, seeds collected in the fall are used. They are sown more often in early spring superficially, without embedding, in rows with row spacing of 45 cm. 0.1 g of seeds are sown per 1 m of a row. They germinate at temperatures above 8 ° C and only in well-moisturized soil. Seedlings appear on the 7-10th day, they are weak, therefore, when caring for them, precautions must be taken. Plant care consists in weeding and loosening carefully. Leaves form into a rosette by autumn. For the most part, plants begin to bloom in the first year of life. Flowering lasts 1–1.5 months. For winter aerial part the plants die off. When the soil freezes up to 10 cm with a low snow cover, the plants die.
You can also sow immortelle seeds in the fall.
Pests of the immortelle culture -, thistles, it is affected by white rust. They fight them by spraying, for which they take a 1-1.5% suspension of pyrethrum. White rust is fought with a 1st solution of Bordeaux liquid.
The use of sandy immortelle in medicine
The main properties of the immortelle are: choleretic; diuretic; stimulates the pancreas and gallbladder; anthelmintic; anti-inflammatory; hemostatic; sedative; hypotensive; laxative.
The immortelle herb is used in medicine both in pure form and as part of the collection. In Tibetan medicine, it is a component of drugs used for poisoning, infectious diseases, brain diseases. In folk medicine of European countries, the immortelle is recommended for bronchial asthma, rheumatism, allergic diseases, as an expectorant and anti-febrile agent. In Russian folk medicine, the immortelle is prescribed as an anthelmintic; broth wash the skin with lichen, use for douching with leucorrhoea.
In modern scientific medicine, immortelle herb is used very widely. Its infusion increases bile and urination, reduces the concentration of bile acids, changes the ratio of cholesterol and bile acids, increases the tone of the gallbladder, and stimulates the function of the pancreas.
An infusion of immortelle flowers is prescribed for hepatitis, cholecystitis, edema, pancreatitis. The plant relieves the feeling of nausea, flatulence, has an antispasmodic effect. The presence of a large amount of iron salts makes its use promising for iron deficiency anemias. Alcohol tincture Helichrysum flowers are a good anti-inflammatory agent for skin diseases.
The plant is part of the medicine according to Zdrenko's prescription, used to treat papillomatosis of the bladder. Based on the sum of immortelle flavonoids, a preparation is made "Ariparin" for the treatment of eye ulcers, and on the basis of herbs - a drug Flamin.
Tsmin is used as a dye: it imparts to tissues yellow... The moth is afraid of him.
Sandy Tsmin is a ground cover perennial. Plants form dense clumps, consisting of small basal rosettes of bluish lanceolate leaves. The immortelle is decorative throughout the season, but is especially effective during flowering in June-July. The use of sandy immortelle in a wide variety of rock gardens and rockeries is widespread. Tsmin is wonderful among the placer of gravel and small stones, as well as for the device of mini-rock gardens in containers. The plant can serve as a frame for paths with a soft surface, where, crawling on roadbed, creates a natural effect. Decorative in the foreground of mixborders, as well as as their framing.
Inflorescences are harvested up to four times a season at the beginning of blooming - later the flowers crumble. Baskets are cut with pruners, scissors or plucked by hand. Stem length - no more than 1 cm.
It is necessary to dry immortelle flowers carefully and carefully. Best of all - in dark, cool rooms, in a light draft, spreading the raw material in a thin layer or tying it into bundles. The baskets should retain their beautiful lemon yellow color.
Raw materials retain their medicinal properties within -3 years. To receive seed the baskets are cut in the morning during the period when the seeds in them turn brown. After ripening, they are ground by hand and the seeds are separated on a sieve.
On sandy soils of forest glades, dry slopes can often be seen perennial sandy immortelle. It has small stems 30-50 cm high, densely covered with white pubescence and strongly leafy. In old plants, the rhizome is short, not branched and is located in the upper part of the soil. The leaves of the immortelle are linear and pointed at the top.
The plant blooms with small flowers, which are collected in spherical baskets with a lemon-yellow color. Dozens or even hundreds of baskets can be located at the top of each stem.
The immortelle blooms in summer, at the beginning of flowering the inflorescences look like a dense ball, which later become loose.
The plant is common in Ukraine, Belarus, the Caucasus and the European part of Russia, where dry and sandy soil is found.
Other names: sandy cmin, sandy cumin, yellow cat's feet, dried flowers.
Collection and harvesting of sandy immortelle
The medicinal raw materials are flower baskets of the sand immortelle.
The inflorescences should be cut at the beginning of flowering before the lateral baskets open along with 1 cm long peduncles.
At a later date, after the opening of the baskets, all the flowers fall off.
The collected baskets are dried in dryers or in the shade. The finished raw material has a weak aroma and a bitter taste. Properly prepared raw materials can be stored in a dark place for up to 3 years.
Chemical composition
The useful properties of the sandy immortelle are innumerable thanks to its chemical composition... The plant inflorescences contain flanonoid glycosides, flavonoids, dyes and tannins, resins, high molecular weight alcohols, sugars, carotene, vitamin C and K, fatty acids, essential oils, mineral salts, micro- and macroelements.
Helichrysum flowers, due to this content of nutrients, have a therapeutic effect on human body... The essential oil gives flowers a scent and is also widely used in aromatherapy.
Useful pharmacological properties
Sandy immortelle is highly valued in herbal medicine. It has the following medicinal properties:
- choleretic,
- diuretic,
- anti-inflammatory,
- antibacterial,
- hemostatic,
- wound healing,
- antispasmodic.
Scientific and traditional medicine use the remedies from cmin sandy for stones and inflammation in the gallbladder.
Such agents increase the content of bilirubin in bile, increase its secretion, increase the tone of the gallbladder and thus facilitate the outflow of bile.
Helichrysum flowers are a part of choleretic and diuretic teas: as a diuretic, sandy cmin is used in the treatment of diseases of the bladder, since it does not irritate the kidneys.
Helichrysum preparations have a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract. They stimulate better secretion of gastric juice, promote high-quality digestion, and activate the secretion of the pancreas.
This plant helps to increase blood pressure, eliminate cholesterol in the bile.
Helichrysum baskets contain the antibiotic arenarin, which can kill bacteria, so the plant is used as a disinfectant.
The essential oil of the plant is used in aromatherapy for massage, it is added to aroma lamps and to bath water.
In cosmetology from essential oil Helichrysum is made for irritated and flaky skin.
Indications for use
Traditional medicine uses cmin to treat a variety of diseases:
- Gallstones;
- Cholecystitis;
- Kidney stones and kidney inflammation;
- Inflammation of the bladder;
- Liver disease (cirrhosis, jaundice);
- Women's diseases;
- Atherosclerosis;
- Bleeding;
- Helminthiasis.
They also take the immortelle for colds, gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, diabetes and obesity.
Application forms
1. Tincture of sandy immortelle. To prepare it, you need to: pour 10 grams of plant flowers with 20% alcohol and leave for 7 days. Take the medicine daily 3-5 times half an hour before meals, using 15-20 drops of tincture, diluted in 50 ml of boiled water. This remedy is used for skin diseases.
2. A decoction of immortelle flowers. Pour 10 grams of flowers in an enamel bowl with 1 cup boiling water, cook in a water bath, stirring often, for 30 minutes. Leave to cool and strain. Add the resulting broth with boiling water to a volume of 200 ml.
The broth should be taken every day 20 minutes before meals three times warm, half a cup. This medicine has a choleretic effect, and is also used for itchy dermatoses and as an anthelmintic.
3. Collection of herbs. You need to prepare a mixture of herbs: immortelle flowers, water trefoil leaves, peppermint and coriander fruits in a 2: 1: 1: 1 ratio. Collect herbs in the amount of 20 grams, brew with 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes and then strain it. The infusion of these herbs has an excellent choleretic effect. Drink the infusion 30 minutes before meals, 100 ml three times a day.
Contraindications
Individual intolerance to the immortelle.
Long-term use of cmin is contraindicated: if a lot of it has accumulated in the body, then this can lead to stagnation in the liver. You cannot take drugs from immortelle for more than three months.
People with hypertensive diseases are contraindicated to use immortelle preparations.
With gastritis with high acidity.
Pregnant women should consult a doctor before using immortelle.