After harvesting and the end of intensive vegetative growth, strawberries continue to actively absorb nutrients. They are needed for the autumn growth of the root system, for the formation flower buds. Plants accumulate nutrients for next year's harvest.
Winter preparation
During this period, the main attention should be paid to top dressing, which must be combined with watering.
For what? You ask, because the strawberry harvest has already been harvested for her, and it’s time for you to rest.
Well-groomed strawberries, grown without violations of agricultural technology, have high winter hardiness. Strong plants overwinter better.
Can you feed strawberries? organic fertilizers(mullein 1:5, bird droppings 1:10, ash), mineral fertilizers (phosphorus and potash). These fertilizers are applied at the grooves made on both sides of the strawberry row at a distance of 10 cm from the plants.
After harvest, useful and foliar top dressing trace elements.
After the final collection of berries, you need to mow the foliage, but so that the apical buds remain. Mowing is necessary in order to save strawberry patch from white and gray rot.
After mowing and harvesting dry foliage from the bed, we water the strawberries abundantly, and after that we loosen the soil.
Strawberry (wild strawberry) is a moisture-loving plant. Therefore, for her, soil moisture is a decisive factor in normal growth and development. If the strawberry bushes do not have enough moisture, they will be inconspicuous: the size of the leaves, the number of horns, antennae and peduncles decreases. There will be fewer flowers, some of the berries will be underdeveloped. The result is a small harvest.
The number of irrigations and their timing in the post-harvest period depend on weather conditions. And the norm - from the amount of moisture in the soil.
After the strawberry (strawberry) completes fruiting, a new one grows under the old roots. You probably noticed that from year to year, growing, the rhizome rises up, and at this very time the soil under it compacts and settles. New roots, not finding food, dry out and die. And this will further affect the quality and quantity of the crop. And so that this does not happen every year at the end of summer, the bushes need to be sprinkled with earth. This improves the nutrition of the plant, and promotes better education flower buds.
Excess tendrils that are not needed for reproduction must be removed, because they take moisture and nutrients from the plant.
If strawberry seedlings were not planted before mid-September, then there is no need to do this, because they will not have time to take root well, and without special protection they may die. Intensive growth of strawberries falls on evening time, and after 15 cold nights and evenings already begin.
We finish fertilizing and loosening the strawberry soil until mid-August, in autumn period it is very important not to disturb root system. Leave the emerging weeds until next spring. And if you have carried out soil mulching, and it must be carried out, then they are unlikely to be. For mulching, you can use humus, dry woody leaves, straw, peat, reeds, etc.
In October, we spud strawberry roots, cover with peat, humus (we do not completely cover the plants, but only the root zone).
Planting strawberries successfully withstand low temperatures in the presence of snow cover. The exception here is some varieties that are afraid of frost.
In addition, you need to grow zoned varieties, those that suit your region.
If there is no snow, at a temperature below minus 12 - 16 degrees. The bushes partially freeze or even die. Therefore, the area where strawberries grow must be protected (naturally or artificially) from cold northern winds. But, of course, this is not enough.
Be sure to take care of snow retention (tree branches, corn stalks, etc.). In winter, try to move as much snow as possible from another place to planting strawberries.
How and how to cover strawberries (strawberries)
Under the snow cover with a layer of 25 - 40 cm, strawberries hibernate well. If there is no snow at all, and the temperature is below 8 degrees. C, then plantings must be covered with straw manure, humus, sawdust, straw, leaves or other light covering material with a layer of 6 to 10 cm.
There is a very important point here: we cover the strawberries when the soil is completely frozen - otherwise it may splatter.
In the spring, we take the covering material outside the site or move it to the aisles.
In no case should one be indifferent to the protection of plants in winter, because this will lead to freezing not only of flower buds, but also to freezing of fruit-bearing bushes.
After the onset of frost, a bed with strawberries (strawberries) can be covered with agrofiber - a modern synthetic non-woven, environmentally friendly material. Such a shelter will help the plantings to winter and will serve you for more than one year.
Protecting strawberries from spring frosts
It often happens that strawberries suffer from frost during the flowering period.
When the temperature drops to minus 1 deg. With about 5 - 8% of the flowers die. At 3 deg. frost - from 9 to 25% or more.
What happens on the affected flowers.
First, the pestle dies, so you don’t have to wait for the ovary. It happens in the spring, the flowers open, and bloom well. But this is at first glance. If you take a good look at them, you will notice that in the central part of the bait of the pestle have turned black. So they are dead. It happens that some part of the pistils
persists, in such cases underdeveloped deformed fruits are obtained.
What determines the level of injury?
The answer is unequivocal - from the level of development of the plant. Strong bushes, correspondingly more resistant to natural phenomena. And weak bushes often do not withstand minor cold snaps. Frosts down to minus 3 degrees. With damage not only buds, flowers, but even leaves.
Particularly affected by frosts are not well-groomed thickened plantings of strawberries.
How to deal with frost?
In the fight against frost, sprinkling of plantings gives a good effect.
Previously used smoke plantings of strawberries.
Nowadays the most effective method- covering with agrofibre. If frosts continue for several days: cover in the evening, remove in the morning. This is done so that the bees pollinate the flowers well.
Spring frosts can cause great damage to a strawberry plantation, which cannot destroy the entire strawberry bush, but will harm the crop. Spring frosts affect flowers and fruit ovaries in strawberries, as a result of which a black dot appears in the middle of the flower and there will no longer be a full-fledged berry from it or it will be underdeveloped.
V spring period, even if the weather forecast reports positive night temperatures, on a cloudless night, when the air is dry and there is no wind, there may be “frosts on the soil”, while drizzle appears at the level of strawberry growth.
If your strawberry occupies several beds, then the most in a simple way protection will covered with strawberry covering material or even put a paper cap on each bush. And if the plantation occupies several acres, then sprinkling installations must be used to protect strawberries from frost.
Strawberry protection by fine sprinkling It is based on the fact that when water freezes, heat is released and thus the temperature rises. The resulting ice crust does not perform protective functions. Water, constantly freezing on a strawberry bush, raises the temperature around it and does not allow it to fall below critical.
Frost protection sprinkler may consist of ordinary sprinklers with a nozzle that forms fine droplets.
The amount of water used for protection depends on temperature and wind speed. It is considered that water consumption for protective sprinkling, providing 2mm of precipitation per hour, is sufficient for protection down to -4.4 ° C in the absence of wind.
If the ice on strawberries is milky white, then you need to increase the water consumption.
With wind speeds over 16 km/h or temperatures below -6.7°C, sprinkler irrigation can do more harm than good due to rapid freezing.
For the moment start irrigation psychrometer readings can be used. Protective irrigation should be started before reaching the critical wet-bulb temperature. The critical temperature for open flowers is -1.1 °C, and for berries - 2.2 °C.
Irrigation can be stopped when the ice on the plant begins to melt, usually after sunrise.
It grows well, but there are many problems to solve when growing it. The fact is that the climate in Siberia is difficult, in particular, despite the May periods of warming up to 25 degrees or more, the weather often then changes dramatically, and cooling comes, which is accompanied by night frosts. The strongest spring frost was recorded by me several years ago, when at the beginning of the third decade of May it got so cold at night that by morning the temperature dropped to minus 9 degrees!
Knowing about all these tricks of our weather, the first thing I do is try my best delay the development of strawberries in early spring. I don’t remove the mulch from the needles from it, which protected the strawberries in winter, I don’t loosen it, I don’t water it, i.e. in general, I try not to touch it until mid-May, until the strawberries, despite all these tricks of mine, begin to grow actively.
But as soon as this process has actively begun, I take out the pre-prepared covering material from the pantry and lay it in advance in full readiness next to each strawberry bed.
Now cover my whole little strawberry plantation from 250 bushes won't pose any problems. In the evening, when there is a clear threat of a night frost, I simply straighten the strips of the covering sheet and cover the beds with them right from above. When everything is at hand, the whole procedure takes about 15-20 minutes. Fortunately, in our area, despite the strongest spring winds, as a rule, the riot of weather stops in the evening, and you can even shelter alone.
In such cases, you either have to stay overnight in the country, or arrive early in the morning the next day to free the sheltered beds of strawberries from protection. V cold weather it would be possible not to remove the "covering", but with us it is simply impossible because of the strongest winds. Gusts of wind will rip everything off and scatter it all over the garden, and it makes no sense to fix the protection very tightly.
Therefore, in the morning I always remove the canvas from the beds, collect it in a compact bundle (do not twist it), place it on the edge of the bed and press it against the wind with metal tubes, which in due time will serve as pegs for tall tomatoes.
Based on experience, I can assure you that even a single layer of protection is usually enough. Of course, in especially severe cases, some flowers are damaged (they then turn black), but these are only isolated cases.
And I have seen a neighbor's unprotected strawberry plantation damaged by frost. The sight is very sad. Excellent, strong, large, healthy flowers - and all, as one, with pitch-blackened cores! There will be no more berries on them! And for sure, many more buds are affected, from which later, if they grow, but only small and ugly berries! How much work wasted in vain!
Therefore, I try not to take risks and close all my beds. at the slightest threat of frost. The signal for the beginning of the time, when it is already necessary to start covering the strawberries, is the appearance of the very first rudiments of flower buds on the bushes.
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To help strawberries winter properly, it is necessary to protect the bushes from the cold by worrying about their shelter in advance. If this is not done, then in the spring the result can be quite deplorable - bushes frozen to the roots do not wake up from hibernation, and partially damaged ones give a poor harvest. About how to cover strawberries for the winter and how to do it correctly, read on.
Preparing for the cold
It is known that the roots of this plant can die already at a temperature of about minus 8 degrees. And the part of strawberries growing on the surface may not fully recover when the thermometer drops to minus 9. What should gardeners do in this situation? To avoid trouble and protect the plant in the cold season, you should cover the strawberries in advance.
To have time to do this before the onset of the first cold weather, to protect the roots, you need to make a special shelter and hide the strawberries under the snow cap. But not only snow will be yours faithful assistant in plant shelter. It is also recommended to feed the root system with manure or other components of organic origin. Mulching will also help protect the plant.
Starting from mid-autumn, strawberries should be prepared for the upcoming winter. If this is done a little earlier, then in the presence of high air temperature, the opposite effect can be achieved - plants are able to ban in sheltered soil. The guideline for starting a set of measures to shelter the plant should be the freezing of the earth by 4 - 5 centimeters.
Cover technique
Strawberries by the onset of winter should grow healthy leaves, which will be an excellent protection for the kidneys from frost. In autumn, you should follow the rules of agricultural technology, fertilizing and removing pests. At the end of summer, it is advised to loosen the ground near the bushes. Strawberries should not be transplanted late. Weeds are also best removed in the spring. Snow can serve as the best thermal insulation for a plant, as it prevents the soil from freezing.
A layer of mulch, consisting of humus, reeds, peat, pine and spruce needles, and reeds, is capable of preventing soil cracking. Its stocks should be stored in bags or simply poured out near the beds with strawberries. Mulch should be used in an amount of approximately one bag per 24 to 26 plant bushes. Dry mulch, taken in an armful, should be overlaid with adult strawberry bushes on all sides, the layer should be about 10 - 15 cm.
After the onset of the first slight frost, strawberries must be covered. Here it is important to take into account factors such as the geographical location of the site and its microclimate. To protect garden strawberry bushes, cover them with straw in large quantities. Just make sure that the straw does not come across seeds that can attract rodents, or sawdust.
In order to properly make a plant shelter, a material such as agrofiber is used. The thickness of the layer of strawberry shelter should be about 6 - 8 cm. In the event that a little snow falls in winter, the bushes not covered with it can die due to the onset of sharp frosts. To delay the melting of snow in your garden, it is recommended to shade it with boxes. big size or other materials that are at hand. When heat comes, the bushes of the plant should be freed from covering material so that they can have an area for normal growth and development.
Help fight against negative influence agrofiber is also capable of spring frost strawberries. They need to cover the plant at night, and remove the material in the morning to allow the bees to pollinate the plant. Experts advise, whenever possible, to grow those varieties of strawberries that are most suitable for your region. In the presence of a sufficiently large layer of snow, they can overwinter even without special shelter.
Shelter material
Many gardeners are concerned important question- how to cover strawberries for the winter? In a snowless winter, the best plant materials to help you cover and protect strawberries from freezing are leaves, hay, straw, spruce branches. The best option experts call spruce spruce branches, under a layer of which dry raspberry branches or brushwood can be placed in order to provide plants with air access.
Another plant material, pine needles, has also proven itself well. It is quite breathable, while it has thermal insulation properties and does not allow strawberry bushes to rot. Mature plants should be sprinkled with needles, as if spudding them in a circle, and young bushes can be covered completely. Even if there is no snow at all, and the thermometer drops to minus 25 degrees, with this method of protection, a sufficient amount of heat will be stored on the ground.
If it is impossible to get needles or spruce branches, you can use the purchased material for shelter, called "Agrotex". It will not allow rodents to settle near the bushes, is breathable, is able to provide access to light and water, and can level out unwanted temperature changes.
Even in the presence of severe frosts, the temperature under such material will be much higher than on open space. This air-dry method is quite good for beds that have a small area. In addition to "Agrotex", you can also use "Spunbond" or even a film. Some growers have adapted to cover strawberries using these materials without the use of arcs. But experts do not advise covering plants without arcs with materials, because there is a danger of freezing at the points of contact.