Nature is a complex of interconnected components that are in constant relationship with each other and depend on each other. Changes in one natural chain will necessarily lead to disturbances in related components. There is a constant exchange of resources and energy between individual members of the natural community. The presence of certain relationships is typical for each specific territory. This is how natural areas are formed. They, in turn, affect the economic activity of a person and its features.
A natural economic zone is a group of agricultural regions with similar natural, climatic and economic conditions, industrial specialization and common problems of development of leading industries Agriculture.
An agricultural region is a group of agricultural enterprises united by a more in-depth degree of detail of natural and economic conditions, with a greater uniformity of production specialization. Agricultural subdistricts are a group of farms that stand out against the background of the region, along with general specialization, also specialization in additional industries (vegetable growing, horticulture, horse breeding, etc. - note ..
Natural zones are natural laboratories in which scientists study the nature of a given territory, explore the possibilities of developing each zone, and predict the possible consequences of human activity on it. Therefore, biosphere reserves and protected areas have been created in each natural zone.
The division of the territory into zones affects human activities. Numerous natural and economic zones of Russia also determine its extensive activities in the economic sphere.
Each zone is subdivided into smaller types. There are also transitional zones, which are characterized by the climatic features of each adjacent region. Therefore, each natural area inextricably linked with the neighboring one. Violations occurring in a certain region of the country lead to changes not only in the climate, but also in the world of animals and plants in another zone.
Characteristic natural areas Russia implies the features of each of them, but they do not have clear boundaries and the division is conditional. In addition, human activities can affect the nature and climate of the environment.
Within Russia, natural zonality is well expressed, manifested in differences in soil cover, vegetation and wildlife. The boundaries of natural zones are mainly elongated along the parallels. On the vast territory of the country, the following natural zones are sequentially represented from north to south: arctic desert, tundra, forest-tundra, forest, forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert and desert zone. Altitude zonation is clearly expressed in mountainous regions. However, modern look, and many properties of natural zones differ from the original ones, which is associated with active human economic activity. So, for example, in the steppe and forest-steppe zones, the original vegetation was almost not preserved due to the agricultural activities of people. Therefore, natural zones have essentially turned into natural and economic ones.
According to the development of population density and settlement and the prevailing typology of settlements, the economic development of the territory of the Russian Federation is divided into two main zones - northern and main. During historical development the lands of the state were developed in the direction from west to east. This is the reason that the level of economic development in the country is decreasing in the same direction.
The northern borders of the main economic zone pass through the following cities: Petrozavodsk, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, the border in the south - Krasnoyarsk - Astrakhan. This zone is characterized by favorable weather conditions and rich natural resources, which have a beneficial effect on the development of the economy. It should be noted that most largest cities Federation is located in the main economic zone.
In the north of the state is the northern economic zone, which is characterized by harsh climatic conditions. The number of settlements here, as well as the population, is small. The lands of the northern zone are rich in their resources, no less than the lands of the main zone.
However, the harsh climate makes human economic activity difficult, and in some regions makes it completely impossible. The settlement of the northern zone began in the 18th century, but still these lands did not manage to concentrate a large number of people. This area covers the land Eastern Siberia, northern territories located above Petrozavodsk, as well as the Far East.
1 hour.
1.Purpose of work: development of cognitive abilities and activity of students, deepening and expanding theoretical knowledge on the topic: "Economic complex".
2.
3 Task.
1. Answer the questions, write down the answers in a notebook.
2. What does socio-economic geography study?
3. What is an economic complex?
4. How can a person change adverse environmental conditions?
5. For what purpose does a person change the natural conditions of the territory?
4. Literature:
- Atlas. Economic and social geography Russia. Grade 9
Independent work No. 2
Topic: « Factors of economic geographical location ».
1. The purpose of the work « Factors of economic and geographical location ».
2. Evaluation criteria: the work performed is evaluated according to a 5-point system:
3 Task.
1. Write a table in your notebook, and determine the advantages and disadvantages
geographical position of Russia.
Formulate a conclusion about the specifics of the geographical position of Russia.
3.2. Mark on contour map:
State borders of Russia.
Neighbor countries.
4. Literature:
Materials needed to complete the task.
Textbook Geography. Population and economy of Russia. 9th class: , .– M.: word”, 2014
http://geographer. ru - Geographic portal;
-
Independent work No. 3
Topic: "Federation subjects».
Time to complete the work - 1 hour.
1. The purpose of the work: development of cognitive abilities and activity of students, deepening and expanding theoretical knowledge on the topic: “Subjects of the Federation ».
2. Evaluation criteria: the work performed is evaluated according to a 5-point system:
3 Task.
1. Sketch the scheme "Federal structure of Russia", Fig. 7 textbook
p.24, analyze and write down the names of cities
Federal value.
2. How many subjects of the Federation are in our country
(how many territories, regions, autonomous regions and autonomous
regions, republics, cities of federal significance)?
3. On what grounds are the subjects of the Federation distinguished?
4. Literature:
Materials needed to complete the task.
Textbook Geography. Population and economy of Russia. 9th class: , .– M.: word”, 2014
http://geographer. ru - Geographic portal;
- Atlas. Economic and social geography of Russia. Grade 9
Independent work No. 4
Topic: "Economic regions of Russia».
Time to complete the work - 1 hour.
1. The purpose of the work: development of cognitive abilities and activity of students, deepening and expanding theoretical knowledge on the topic:
« Economic regions of Russia ».
2. Evaluation criteria: the work performed is evaluated according to a 5-point system:
3 Task.
1. What is zoning?
2. How many large natural and economic regions are allocated
on Russian territory?
3.2. Designate natural and economic regions on the contour map
4. Literature:
Materials needed to complete the task.
Textbook Geography. Population and economy of Russia. 9th class: , .– M.: word”, 2014
http://geographer. ru - Geographic portal;
- Atlas. Economic and social geography of Russia. Grade 9
Independent work No. 5
Topic: "Recreational resources».
Work execution time - 1 hour .
1. The purpose of the work: development of cognitive abilities and activity of students, deepening and expanding theoretical knowledge on the topic:
« Recreational resources ».
2. Evaluation criteria: the work performed is evaluated according to a 5-point system:
3 Task.
3.1. Answer the questions, write down the answers in a notebook.
1. What resources are called recreational?
2. Study table No. 4 Objects of the World Cultural and
natural heritage on the territory of Russia, page 47 of the textbook.
3.2.Prepare a presentation for 1-2 minutes on the Object of the World
cultural and natural heritage on the territory of Russia -
"Historic Center of St. Petersburg".
4. Literature:
Materials needed to complete the task.
Textbook Geography. Population and economy of Russia. 9th class: , .– M.: word”, 2014
http://geographer. ru - Geographic portal;
- Atlas. Economic and social geography of Russia. Grade 9
Independent work No. 6
EGP-
What are the features of the EGP of Russia?
What is an administrative territorial division states?
How many subjects of the Federation are in our country?
What is zoning?
Area specialization-
Test
Russia has a maritime border with a) Moldova b) USA c) India d) Mongolia
Russia has a long land border with a) Belarus b) Kazakhstan c) Ukraine d) China
Indicate the number of states that have land borders with Russia. A) 11 b) 9 c) 16 d) 18
What seas are washed by the territory Far East?
5. Arrange the natural and economic regions in the order they follow from west to east when moving along 60 0 n.l. a) Eastern Siberia b) Far East c) Central Russia d) Western Siberia e) European North f) Urals g) European North-West.
Control work "Russia on the world map"
1. EGP-
5. What is zoning?
6. Specialization of the area -
7. Test
a) Japan and Kara b) Barents and Kara c) Bering and Okhotsk d) Laptev and Okhotsk
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Control work "Russia on the world map"
1. EGP-
2. What are the features of the EGP of Russia?
3. What is the administrative-territorial division of the state?
4. How many subjects of the Federation are in our country?
5. What is zoning?
6. Specialization of the area -
7. Test
1. Russia has a maritime border with a) Moldova b) the United States c) India d) Mongolia
2. Russia has a long land border with a) Belarus b) Kazakhstan c) Ukraine d) China
3. Indicate the number of states that have land borders with Russia. A) 11 b) 9 c) 16 d) 18
4. What seas are washed by the territory of the Far East?
a) Japan and Kara b) Barents and Kara c) Bering and Okhotsk d) Laptev and Okhotsk
5. Arrange the natural and economic regions in the order they follow from west to east when moving along 60 0 N.L. a) Eastern Siberia b) Far East c) Central Russia d) Western Siberia e) European North f) Urals g) European North-West.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
"Natural Resources of the Russian Federation" - V Western Siberia- the world's largest artesian basin. The population of Russia is 2.4% of the population of our planet, and the territory of the Russian Federation is 10% of the earth. in scope and variety natural resources Russia has practically no equal in the world. 70% of oil reserves are concentrated in Western Siberia. More than 80% of the gas is also located in the north of Western Siberia.
"Natural conditions and resources" - Baikal. Natural resources. Inexhaustible. 3. Soil. Non-renewable. Mineral Exceptions: peat, table salt. natural conditions and resources. Per capita figures. Oil reserves in Russia 20 billion tons Production 491 million tons (2007) Resource availability? Biological Soil. Exhaustible.
"Natural materials" - Project participants. Develop an interest in designing from natural materials. Methods and forms of project implementation. Project summary. Develop aesthetic perception, imagination, Creative skills. natural material in itself a pantry for fantasy and imagination. Hypothesis. Justification of the project.
"Natural emergencies" - Natural fires. Earthquakes erupting volcanoes. Hydrogeological hazards. Natural disasters. Possible reasons natural Disasters. infectious diseases in humans. Low levels ground water; high levels ground water. Marine hydrological hazards. Geophysical hazards.
"Types of natural resources" - Abbreviation - SES. Traditional. Tourists are everywhere! Alternative sources energy. Generate over 99% of the world's energy. Solar energy (solar energy). What do we want to learn in class? What other groups can be divided into recreational resources? Mountain resources. solar energy earth heat energy wind energy tidal energy.
"Natural Resources" - Land resources of the world. Opportunities are available in 25-30 locations the globe for the construction of these power plants. Mangrove forests. Water resources sushi: the problem fresh water. More than 80% of such forests are found in only 15 states: the Russian Federation, Canada, Brazil, the USA, etc. Gold nuggets. Drinking water has already become a strategic resource.
1 option
1. The Republic of Kalmykia is located in a natural zone:
A) Steppe B) Forest-steppe
B) Semi-deserts and deserts D) Subtropics
2. The city of Salekhard is located in a natural area:
A) Tundra B) Taiga
B) Forest-tundra D) Mixed forests
3. Arable land is most common in:
A) Tundra and forest tundra
B) Taiga and mixed forests
C) Broad-leaved forests, steppes (forest-steppes)
D) Semi-deserts and deserts, mountainous areas, subtropics
4. Focal agriculture and resettlement near water sources; livestock breeding is dominated by beef cattle breeding and sheep breeding. These are:
A) Tundra and forest tundra
B) The southern part of the forest zone
C) Forest-steppes and steppes
D) Dry steppes and semi-deserts
5. Occupation of the inhabitants of the tundra and forest-tundra:
A) Pasture reindeer herding, hunting and fishing
B) Logging and animal husbandry
C) Potato and poultry farming
D) Pig breeding and meat and dairy cattle breeding
6. Camel breeding is typical for the natural zone:
A) Steppes and forest-steppes B) Mountain regions
B) Subtropics D) Semi-deserts and deserts
7. Large agricultural settlements are concentrated in the valleys, on the mountain slopes - settlements of livestock breeders; significant and unique recreational resources, among them - the coast warm sea. This area is located:
A) in Ural mountains B) on the Chersky Ridge
B) in the North Caucasus D) in Altai
8. The degree of development and population in natural areas:
A) increases from north to south to semi-deserts
b) Decreases from north to south
B) increases from east to west
D) decreases from west to east
9. Agricultural land that is used in the tundra zone:
A) hayfields B) arable land
B) Pastures D) Forests
10. Typical representative flora semi-deserts and deserts:
A) Pine B) Camel thorn
B) Sedge D) Moss
Test Natural and economic zones of Russia
Option 2
1. The edge of a long winter night, never setting summer sun, the world of ice and snow is located in:
A) Arctic desert zone B) Steppes
B) Tundra D) Desert
2. Choose the correct statement:
A) In the northern taiga, conditions for agriculture are better than in the southern
B) The taiga zone is dominated by the rural population
C) The rural population of the taiga is engaged in forestry, wood processing and fishing
D) All statements are false.
3. Distribution area of subtropics in Russia:
BUT) Black Sea coast Caucasus
B) Caspian lowland
C) The coast of the Sea of Azov
D) The coast of Lake Baikal
4. Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, New Siberian Islands and about. Wrangel, the coast of the Taimyr and Yamal Peninsulas belong to the zone:
A) Tundra B) Forest tundra
B) Arctic deserts D) Steppes
5.Most large area in Russia occupies a natural zone:
A) Taiga B) Forest-tundra
B) Mixed forests D) Forest-steppes
6. The zone stretched from Murmansk to Chukotkt; in summer, the air of temperate latitudes dominates here, in winter - arctic air. It is characterized by the absence of trees, undersized grasses. It:
A) Steppe B) Tundra
B) Arctic deserts D) Mixed forests
7. The taiga zone is famous for its production of:
A) Pasta B) Butter
B) sunflower oil D) beef stew
8. For semi-deserts and deserts, it is typical:
A) Dairy farming B) Nomadic pastoralism
B) Beef cattle breeding D) Agriculture
9. Indigenous inhabitants of the tundra:
A) Saami, Nenets, Chukchi B) Bashkirs, Tatars, Balkars
B) Komi, Mari, Mansi D) Ukrainians, Latvians, Moldovans
10.Choose the correct statement:
A) Broad-leaved forests are common in the taiga zone
B) Floodplains of the rivers of the taiga zone contain huge resources of grasses on natural pastures and hayfields
C) Most of the taiga is a developed territory
D) Beef cattle breeding is widespread on the territory of the taiga zone
Test Natural and economic zones of Russia
3 option
1. Soils are practically absent here, in some places there are mosses and lichens, occasionally - saxifrage and partridge grass. Of the animals, polar bears and birds predominate. The territory of the zone is very poorly developed. It:
A) Arctic desert B) Forest tundra
B) Tundra D) Desert
2. Semi-deserts and deserts are located:
A) On Sakhalin, in the south of the Far East
B) In the Urals, south of Western Siberia
C) in the southwest of the East European Plain
D) In the southeast of the East European Plain, in the Caspian Sea, Eastern Ciscaucasia
3. The main direction of agriculture in the zone of mixed forests:
A) Production of cereals and vegetables
B) Forestry
B) beef cattle breeding
D) Fishing
4. Choose the correct statement:
A) The main occupation of the indigenous peoples of the tundra zone is agriculture
B) The indigenous population of the tundra is rural
B) B winter time mines in the tundra zone stop working
G) main way movement in the tundra zone - railways
5. The main feature of the steppes of Russia:
A) Variety of tree species
B) Warm winters
B) insufficient hydration
D) Variety of large predators
6. Agriculture is the most developed in the zone:
A) Tundra B) Taiga
B) Mixed forests D) Arctic deserts
7. Mixed and broad-leaved forests are absent on the territory:
A) East European Plain
B) Western Siberia
B) South of the Far East
D) Eastern Siberia
8.Choose the wrong statement:
A) With the advancement to the south, dairy cattle breeding is being replaced by beef cattle
B) Improper exploitation of chernozems leads to their erosion
C) The main areas of pig breeding are the forest-steppe and steppe zones
D) All statements are false.
9. Deserts are common in the territory:
A) Voronezh region
B) Saratov region
C) Republic of Kalmykia
D) Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
10. Steppe and forest-steppe zone- area of production:
A) grapes and citrus fruits
B) Grains, sugar beets and sunflowers
B) flax and potatoes
D) Fur products and wood
ANSWERS:
1 option 1B, 2A, 3V, 4G, 5A, 6G, 7B, 8A, 9B, 10V
Option 2 1A,2B,3A,4B,5A,6B,7B,8B,9A,10B
3 option 1A, 2G, 3A, 4B, 5V, 6B, 7G.8G, 9V, 10B
Tests are prepared according to the book by E.E. Gusev Geography grade 8. "Constructor" of the current control. Handbook for teachers of educational institutions. M. "Enlightenment", 2012