In the summer, a person can be bitten by a bee, wasp, bumblebee, snake, and in some areas - a scorpion, tarantula or other poisonous insects. The wound from such bites is small and resembles a needle prick, but poison penetrates through it, which, depending on its strength and quantity either acts first on the area of ​​the body around the bite, or immediately causes general poisoning.

Poisonous snake bites

Bites poisonous snakes life-threatening. Usually snakes bite a person on the leg when he steps on them. Therefore, you should not walk barefoot in places where there are snakes. Snake bites are most dangerous when the venom enters a blood or lymphatic vessel. When poison enters the skin, intoxication increases over 1-4 hours. The toxicity of the poison depends on the type of snake. Cobra venom is the most dangerous for humans. Other than that equal conditions poisoning is more severe in children and women, as well as in persons under the influence of alcohol.

Symptoms of a poisonous snake bite:burning pain at the site of the lesion, two deep puncture wounds, redness, swelling, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, blisters with fluid, necrotic ulcers, dizziness, nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, tachycardia. After half an hour, the leg can almost double in size. At the same time, signs of general poisoning appear: loss of strength, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure, fainting, collapse.

First aid for poisonous snake bites:

• It is necessary to apply a tourniquet or twist above the bitten area to prevent the poison from entering other parts of the body (only for cobra bites for 30-40 minutes);
• the bitten limb must be lowered and try to squeeze out the blood containing the poison from the wound;
• immediately begin intensive suction of the poison from the wound with your mouth for 10-15 minutes (previously squeeze the fold of skin in the area of ​​the bite and “open” the wound) and spit out the contents; You can pull the blood along with the poison from the wound using a medical jar, glass or shot glass with thick edges. To do this, hold a lit splinter or cotton wool on a stick in a jar (glass or shot glass) for a few seconds and then quickly cover the wound with it;
• ensure immobility of the affected limb (splint or fixing bandage); rest in a supine position during transportation to a medical facility; drinking plenty of water;
• apply cold (ice pack) to the wound; wash the wound with a 10% solution of potassium permanganate, inject into the wound 0.5% adrenaline, diphenhydramine, 1 ml of 1% solution intramuscularly; 500-1000 units of specific serum intramuscularly, deliver the victim to a medical facility.

Important! You should not suck blood from a wound with your mouth if there may be scratches or broken teeth in the mouth, through which the poison will penetrate into the blood of the person providing assistance. You should not make an incision at the site of the bite, or give alcohol in any form.

Bites of various poisonous insects

Insect bites (bees, wasps, bumblebees) lead to the appearance of both local symptoms and signs of general poisoning, and can also cause an allergic reaction in the body. Their single bites do not pose any particular danger. If there is a sting left in the wound, it must be carefully removed and a lotion of ammonia with water or a cold compress from a solution of potassium permanganate or just cold water.

Bites poisonous insects very dangerous. Their poison causes not only severe pain and burning at the site of the bite, but sometimes general poisoning. Symptoms resemble poisoning snake venom. In case of severe poisoning by spider venom karakurt within 1-2 days death may occur.

Symptoms: limited local painful inflammatory reaction: burning sensation, pain, redness, swelling (especially when stung in the face and neck). There are no general toxic effects. Chills, nausea, dizziness, and dry mouth are mild. If general toxic phenomena are strongly expressed, this indicates an increased sensitivity of the body to insect poisons and the development of allergic reactions, which can cause death.

First aid for insect bites:

• quickly remove the bee sting and squeeze out the poison from the wound;
• put cold on the affected area;
• moisten, drip galazolin, alcohol, validol into the bite site;
• take orally antihistamines: diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen;
• hot drink;
• if asthmatic syndrome develops, use a pocket inhaler;
• with the development of complete asphyxia - tracheotomy;
• call " ambulance».

Animal bites and first aid for them

A person gets rabies from the bite of a rabid dog, cat, fox, wolf or other animal. The bite site usually bleeds slightly. If your arm or leg is bitten, you need to quickly lower it and try to squeeze the blood out of the wound.

Help with a rabid animal bite:

There are hundreds of known species of poisonous snakes and insects. The most famous poisonous snakes in our country are the viper, viper, efa, and cobra. Common poisonous insects include bees, wasps, bumblebees, gadflies, tarantulas, karakurts, and scorpions.

The bites of poisonous snakes and insects have a local and general effect on the body of the bitten person. Local action is associated with the infected wound and the effects of poison, saliva and other substances that enter the wound with a bite. General action depends on the toxicity and amount of poison that enters the body, the location of the bite (head bites are more severe) and the rate at which the poison enters the blood of the bitten person. The general effect is manifested by signs of intoxication, dysfunction of the body systems affected by the poison and the presence or absence of an allergic reaction of the body to incoming foreign substances. The spread of the poison initially occurs through the lymphatic tract and is enhanced by muscle movements.
Animal poisons contain various proteins, enzymes, inorganic substances. Poisons vary in composition and effect on the body. The venom of vipers destroys red blood cells, the walls of thin blood vessels, proteins, and promotes thrombus formation. Cobra venom primarily affects nervous system and can cause paralysis of the respiratory center.
Local signs of a bite: wound, pain, swelling. When bitten by snakes from the viper family, there may be hemorrhages and blisters with hemorrhagic fluid at the site of the bite.

General signs of a bite: dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, shortness of breath, palpitations. There may be fainting, collapse, as well as agitation and convulsions. A cobra bite is characterized by neuromuscular disorders and respiratory arrest. After a karakurt bite, there is a severe headache, severe pain at the site of the bite, in the abdomen, lower back, chest, profuse salivation, and possible respiratory arrest. A scorpion sting causes excruciating pain spreading along the nerve trunk, twitching and convulsions separate groups muscles.
Allergic reactions can manifest themselves in the form of urticaria, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic shock.
First medical and pre-medical aid begins with ensuring the immobility of the bitten part of the body. In the first minutes after a snake bite, you can try to suck out the poison from the wound. To slow down the absorption of the venom, apply cold to the bite site, immobilize the bitten part of the body, and in case of cobra bites, apply a tourniquet to the limb above the bite site for 30-40 minutes. If bitten by bees, wasps, or bumblebees, inspect the wound for the presence of a sting and remove it. Wash the wound with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, apply an aseptic bandage to the wound. If respiratory depression occurs, perform artificial ventilation and give oxygen. For severe pain, administer an analgesic. To reduce intoxication, fluid administration and diuretics are recommended. For viper bites, give a warm alkalizing solution (1-2 teaspoons baking soda per liter of water) drink. The introduction of drugs that stimulate blood circulation is indicated - caffeine, cordiamine, ephedrine and others; antihistamines - diphenhydramine, pipolfen; glucocorticosteroids.
Anti-karakurt serum for karakurt bites is injected subcutaneously into the interscapular area in fractions of 30-70 ml. In severe forms of intoxication, the serum is slowly injected into a vein.
“Antigyurza” - serum against the venom of the viper (anti-snake serum) neutralizes the venom of the viper and the venoms of snakes of the viper family. Injected under the skin for mild poisoning in an amount of 500 ME, for severe poisoning - in an amount of 1500-3000 ME. Available in ampoules of 500 ME in a volume of 2-
5 ml. To prevent an anaphylactic reaction, first inject 0.1 ml of serum, after 10-15 minutes - 0.25 ml, and then

if there is no reaction, use the rest of the dose. Antigyurza serum has proven itself to be effective against bites not only from viper snakes, but also against cobra, karakurt and scorpion bites.
When a cobra bites, a serum against the venom of the Central Asian cobra is administered. The serum is available in ampoules of 10 ml.

| Lesson plan for the academic year | Providing primary care for snake and insect bites

Basics of life safety
6th grade

Lesson 28
Providing primary care for snake and insect bites

Providing first aid for a poisonous snake bite

When a person is bitten by a poisonous snake, two small red dots remain on the skin from the penetration of poisonous teeth. In the first minutes after the bite, a slight pain and burning sensation occurs in this place, the skin turns red, and swelling increases. Weakness, dizziness, nausea appear, and blood pressure decreases. These phenomena reach their maximum 8-36 hours after the bite.

Immediately after the bite it is necessary to ensure that the victim is at rest and in a horizontal position: this will ensure a minimum rate of poison transfer in the blood. Calm the victim. Transport it to a safe, weather-protected location. Immediately begin sucking the poison out of the wound. To do this, immediately after the bite, open the wound by pressing with your fingers, and then suck out the poison with your mouth for 15 - 20 minutes. Spit out the bloody liquid. These actions are harmless to the person providing assistance. With proper and timely suction of poison from the wound, it is possible to suck out 50% of the poison. To reduce blood circulation, cold can be applied to the bite site ( plastic bag With cold water). Disinfect the wound with iodine or brilliant green and apply a sterile bandage, which should be loosened as the swelling increases.

Give the affected area of ​​the body an elevated position, fix it, apply an immobilization bandage or splint. Give the victim plenty of fluids. Drinking coffee is contraindicated. Arrange for the victim to be transported to a medical facility.

If you are bitten by a poisonous snake, you must:

■ make incisions at the site of the bite;

■ cauterize the bite site;

■ apply a tourniquet above the bite site;

■ allow the victim to perform any physical activity.

First aid for insect bites

When bitten by bees, wasps, hornets and bumblebees, pain, burning, swelling and a local increase in temperature develop at the site of the bite. With multiple bites, weakness, dizziness, headache, chills, nausea, vomiting appear, and body temperature rises. People with hypersensitivity to bee venom may experience pain in the lower back and joints, convulsions and loss of consciousness.

First of all You need to remove the insect sting from the skin and moisten the stung area with alcohol. Apply cold to the stung area ( plastic bag with cold water). Give the victim plenty of fluids.

Note that the most dangerous are stings from bees, wasps, and hornets in the oral cavity, where the insect can get when a person eats fruit. In such cases, urgent assistance is necessary, since the resulting swelling of the larynx and suffocation are deadly.

Due to the specific properties of mosquito saliva, small bubbles form at the site of its bite, causing itching and a burning sensation.

Itching can be eliminated by moistening the skin with ammonia or a solution baking soda(half a teaspoon of baking soda per glass of water).

Note that in places where there are large concentrations of mosquitoes, mosquito nets made from gauze are used. Used to repel mosquitoes various means. Malarial mosquitoes, which are carriers of malaria and other diseases, pose a particular danger. You can distinguish them by their landing. Ordinary mosquitoes sit with their abdomen parallel to the surface, while malaria mosquitoes lift their abdomen upward.

Test yourself

■ What are the consequences of insect bites (bees, wasps, hornets)? Find 1-2 examples on the Internet and prepare a message.
■ How to provide first aid for insect bites?

After lessons

Determine what precautions you should take in your area during the spring, summer, and fall to avoid snake bites and reduce the possibility of insect bites. Record your answer in your safety journal. Be sure to discuss your conclusions with your parents and life safety teacher.

1. Determine how the contents of your personal first aid kit will change at different times of the year. Make notes about this in your safety diary.

2. Based on the results of studying the section “Fundamentals of medical knowledge and first aid” and using Internet resources and medical literature, write an abstract on one of the topics “Causes of injuries and first aid in such cases”, “Use medicinal plants and mushrooms for providing first aid to injured (sick)”, “Personal hygiene in camping conditions”.

The most different representatives fauna are capable of biting. They represent a protective reaction of a living organism.

Unfortunately, bites can harm human health. They often cause intoxication of the body, skin burns and allergic reactions.

They can cause a lot of pain and in some cases pose a serious threat to life.

It will be useful to know how to provide first aid if bitten by a snake, spider, tick, wasp, bee, or jellyfish.

Correct actions help relieve pain, reduce inflammation and prevent the development of complications in the form of allergic reactions, redness and swelling of large areas of the skin.

If you are in conditions wildlife, you should treat its inhabitants with respect and not invade their space. But it is not always possible to avoid the bite of one or another representative of the fauna.

Everyone knows that many types of snakes are poisonous. Their contact with humans can be fatal.

But usually snakes are not the first to attack. They become dangerous if disturbed.

It is worth noting that the most dangerous species are the following:

• cobra;
• viper;
• Cottonmouth;
• viper.

If a person is bitten by a snake, he often does not have time to see what it looked like. This animal is not necessarily dangerous.

But in order to avoid the most severe consequences, first aid should be provided for a snake bite. The first thing you should do is seek qualified medical help.

It is necessary to call an ambulance or place the victim in a car to go to the doctor.

While the person is being taken to the hospital, the poison from the bite should be prevented from spreading in the body.

To do this, expose the affected area and begin to suck out the poison from the wound. Never swallow saliva during this process, as it may contain the victim’s blood and toxic substances.

It is very important to apply a bandage above the affected area to slow down the blood flow and prevent poisoning of the entire body.

It is very important to limit all movements of the victim. The more he moves, the faster the poison spreads throughout the body.

In a situation where a person gets bitten, it is important not only to call for help. Sometimes, it is the first seconds after the bite that are decisive. This is why it is so important to know how to provide first aid.

Insect bite

Most often, first aid for insect bites involves using anti-inflammatory ointments and applying something cold to the affected area to reduce swelling.

But there are people who exhibit increased sensitivity to contact with wasps and bees.

After a bite, they experience an allergic reaction, which can lead to the development of anaphylactic shock.

This condition is treatable, but if measures are not taken in a timely manner, the person may die.

After a wasp or bee sting, you should check your skin for a sting. These insects sometimes leave a sting, which worsens the symptoms of the bite.

Most often, redness and swelling appear on the skin, and mild pain is present.

If a sting is found in the skin, it should be carefully removed with hands washed with soap. After this, it is advisable to rinse the affected area of ​​skin with cool water.

This will reduce swelling, pain and cleanse skin covering from pollution. At the first manifestations of an allergy, you should immediately call an ambulance.

An allergic reaction to bee and wasp stings affects everyone differently. Most often it swells large plot body, the temperature rises, sharp pain appears, and the person’s general well-being worsens.

To avoid the development of anaphylactic shock, it is very important to call an ambulance. The doctor will give an injection of epinephrine, which will prevent complications.

Tick ​​bites

Ticks are arachnids that bite, attach themselves to the skin, and feed on human blood.

The danger of contact with this subclass is that they carry serious disease– encephalitis.

It is accompanied by inflammation of the membranes of the brain. The encephalitis virus can cause inflammation of the spinal cord membranes.

In this case, the disease is called meningoencephalitis or meningitis.

Most ticks that carry encephalitis live on Far East, Urals and Siberia. There is a high probability of contracting such a dangerous disease.

Exists effective prevention encephalitis, which requires vaccination. Thanks to such measures, immunity is ensured for a period of 4 to 5 years.

If you notice a tick on your body, you should remove it. The faster this is done, the less chance that infection will occur.

You should choose methods that will not harm the tick itself. Otherwise, large amounts of the virus may enter the bloodstream, increasing the chances of getting sick.

Then you must consult a doctor who will prescribe preventive treatment for encephalitis. It consists of administering serum containing antibodies to the virus. In most cases, such prevention is very effective.

Bites from various animals can seriously harm human health. For this reason, it is so important to know what first aid should be.

This will protect you from serious complications and allow you to lead your usual lifestyle instead of treating a dangerous disease.

In the summer, a person can be bitten by a bee, wasp, bumblebee, snake, and in some areas, a scorpion, tarantula or other poisonous insects. The wound from such bites is small and resembles a needle prick, but when bitten, poison penetrates through it, which, depending on its strength and quantity, either acts first on the area of ​​the body around the bite, or immediately causes general poisoning.

Poisonous snake bites life-threatening. Usually snakes bite a person on the leg when he steps on them. Therefore, you should not walk barefoot in places where there are snakes. Snake bites are most dangerous when the venom enters a blood or lymphatic vessel. When poison is injected intradermally, intoxication increases within 1-4 hours. The toxicity of the poison depends on the type of snake. Cobra venom is the most dangerous for humans. Other things being equal, poisoning is more severe in children and women, as well as in people under the influence of alcohol.

Symptoms: burning pain at the site of the bite, two deep puncture wounds, redness, swelling, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, blisters with fluid, necrotic ulcers, dizziness, nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, tachycardia. After half an hour, the leg can almost double in size. At the same time, signs of general poisoning appear: loss of strength, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure, fainting, collapse.

First aid:

§ a tourniquet must be applied above the bitten area or
twisting to prevent poison from entering other parts of the body (only for cobra bites for 30-40 minutes);

§ the bitten limb must be lowered and try to squeeze out the blood containing the poison from the wound;

§ immediately begin intensive suction of the poison from the wound with your mouth for 10-15 minutes (previously squeeze the fold of skin in the area of ​​the bite and “open” the wounds) and spit out the contents; You can pull the blood along with the poison from the wound using a medical jar, glass or shot glass with thick edges. To do this, hold a lit splinter or cotton wool on a stick in a jar (glass or shot glass) for a few seconds and then quickly cover the wound with it;

§ ensure immobility of the affected limb (splint or fixing bandage); rest in a supine position during transportation to a medical facility; drinking plenty of water;

§ apply cold (ice pack) to the wound; wash the wound with a 10% solution of potassium permanganate, inject into the wound 0.5% adrenaline, diphenhydramine, 1 ml of 1% solution intramuscularly; 500-1000 units of specific serum intramuscularly, deliver the victim to a medical facility.

!You cannot suck blood from a wound with your mouth if there may be scratches or broken teeth in your mouth, through which the poison will penetrate into the blood of the person providing assistance.

! Do not make an incision at the site of the bite; provide alcohol in all forms.

Insect bites(bees, wasps, bumblebees) lead to the appearance of both local symptoms and signs of general poisoning, and can also cause an allergic reaction in the body. Their single bites do not pose any particular danger. If there is a sting left in the wound, it must be carefully removed, and a lotion of ammonia with water or a cold compress from a solution of potassium permanganate or just cold water should be applied to the wound.

Bites poisonous insects very dangerous. Their venom causes not only severe pain and burning at the site of the bite, but sometimes general poisoning. Symptoms resemble those of snake venom poisoning. In case of severe poisoning by spider venom karakurt Death may occur within 1-2 days.

Symptoms: limited local painful inflammatory reaction: burning sensation, pain, redness, swelling (especially when stung in the face and neck). There are no general toxic effects. Chills, nausea, dizziness, and dry mouth are mild. If general toxic phenomena are strongly expressed, this indicates an increased sensitivity of the body to insect poisons and the development of allergic reactions, which can cause death.

Urgent Care: quickly remove the bee sting and squeeze out the poison from the wound; put cold on the bite site; moisten, drip galazolin, alcohol, validol into the bite site; take antihistamines internally: diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen; hot drink; if asthmatic syndrome develops, use a pocket inhaler; with the development of complete asphyxia - tracheotomy; call an ambulance.

A person gets sick from the bite of a rabid dog, cat, fox, wolf or other animal. rabies. The bite site usually bleeds slightly. If your arm or leg is bitten, you need to quickly lower it and try to squeeze the blood out of the wound. If there is bleeding, the blood should not be stopped for some time. After this, the bite site is washed with boiled water, a clean bandage is applied to the wound and the patient is immediately sent to a medical facility, where the victim is given special vaccinations that will save him from the deadly disease - rabies.